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Hong S, Lee DS, Bae GW, Jeon J, Kim HK, Rhee S, Jung KO. In Vivo Stem Cell Imaging Principles and Applications. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:363-375. [PMID: 37643761 PMCID: PMC10686800 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are the foundational cells for every organ and tissue in our body. Cell-based therapeutics using stem cells in regenerative medicine have received attracting attention as a possible treatment for various diseases caused by congenital defects. Stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as well as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and neuroprogenitors stem cells (NSCs) have recently been studied in various ways as a cell-based therapeutic agent. When various stem cells are transplanted into a living body, they can differentiate and perform complex functions. For stem cell transplantation, it is essential to determine the suitability of the stem cell-based treatment by evaluating the origin of stem, the route of administration, in vivo bio-distribution, transplanted cell survival, function, and mobility. Currently, these various stem cells are being imaged in vivo through various molecular imaging methods. Various imaging modalities such as optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have been introduced for the application of various stem cell imaging. In this review, we discuss the principles and recent advances of in vivo molecular imaging for application of stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongje Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun-Woo Bae
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyeong Jeon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hak Kyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Jhunjhunwala A, Kim J, Kubelick KP, Ethier CR, Emelianov SY. In Vivo Photoacoustic Monitoring of Stem Cell Location and Apoptosis with Caspase-3-Responsive Nanosensors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17931-17945. [PMID: 37703202 PMCID: PMC10540261 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has immense potential in a variety of regenerative medicine applications. However, clinical stem cell therapy is severely limited by challenges in assessing the location and functional status of implanted cells in vivo. Thus, there is a great need for longitudinal, noninvasive stem cell monitoring. Here we introduce a multidisciplinary approach combining nanosensor-augmented stem cell labeling with ultrasound guided photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging for the spatial tracking and functional assessment of transplanted stem cell fate. Specifically, our nanosensor incorporates a peptide sequence that is selectively cleaved by caspase-3, the primary effector enzyme in mammalian cell apoptosis; this cleavage event causes labeled cells to show enhanced optical absorption in the first near-infrared (NIR) window. Optimization of labeling protocols and spectral characterization of the nanosensor in vitro showed a 2.4-fold increase in PA signal from labeled cells during apoptosis while simultaneously permitting cell localization. We then successfully tracked the location and apoptotic status of mesenchymal stem cells in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model for 2 weeks in vivo, demonstrating a 4.8-fold increase in PA signal and spectral slope changes in the first NIR window under proapoptotic (ischemic) conditions. We conclude that our nanosensor allows longitudinal, noninvasive, and nonionizing monitoring of stem cell location and apoptosis, which is a significant improvement over current end-point monitoring methods such as biopsies and histological staining of excised tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamik Jhunjhunwala
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kelsey P. Kubelick
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - C. Ross Ethier
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Polyak A, Képes Z, Trencsényi G. Implant Imaging: Perspectives of Nuclear Imaging in Implant, Biomaterial, and Stem Cell Research. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050521. [PMID: 37237591 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Until now, very few efforts have been made to specifically trace, monitor, and visualize implantations, artificial organs, and bioengineered scaffolds for tissue engineering in vivo. While mainly X-Ray, CT, and MRI methods have been used for this purpose, the applications of more sensitive, quantitative, specific, radiotracer-based nuclear imaging techniques remain a challenge. As the need for biomaterials increases, so does the need for research tools to evaluate host responses. PET (positron emission tomography) and SPECT (single photon emission computer tomography) techniques are promising tools for the clinical translation of such regenerative medicine and tissue engineering efforts. These tracer-based methods offer unique and inevitable support, providing specific, quantitative, visual, non-invasive feedback on implanted biomaterials, devices, or transplanted cells. PET and SPECT can improve and accelerate these studies through biocompatibility, inertivity, and immune-response evaluations over long investigational periods at high sensitivities with low limits of detection. The wide range of radiopharmaceuticals, the newly developed specific bacteria, and the inflammation of specific or fibrosis-specific tracers as well as labeled individual nanomaterials can represent new, valuable tools for implant research. This review aims to summarize the opportunities of nuclear-imaging-supported implant research, including bone, fibrosis, bacteria, nanoparticle, and cell imaging, as well as the latest cutting-edge pretargeting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Polyak
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Bedell ML, Wang Z, Hogan KJ, Torres AL, Pearce HA, Chim LK, Grande-Allen KJ, Mikos AG. The effect of multi-material architecture on the ex vivo osteochondral integration of bioprinted constructs. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:99-112. [PMID: 36384222 PMCID: PMC9805529 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Extrusion bioprinted constructs for osteochondral tissue engineering were fabricated to study the effect of multi-material architecture on encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells' tissue-specific matrix deposition and integration into an ex vivo porcine osteochondral explant model. Two extrusion fiber architecture groups with differing transition regions and degrees of bone- and cartilage-like bioink mixing were employed. The gradient fiber (G-Fib) architecture group showed an increase in chondral integration over time, 18.5 ± 0.7 kPa on Day 21 compared to 9.6 ± 1.6 kPa on Day 1 for the required peak push-out force, and the segmented fiber (S-Fib) architecture group did not, which corresponded to the increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycan deposition noted only in the G-Fib group and the staining for cellularity and tissue-specific matrix deposition at the fiber-defect boundary. Conversely, the S-Fib architecture was associated with significant mineralization over time, but the G-Fib architecture was not. Notably, both fiber groups also had similar chondral integration as a re-inserted osteochondral tissue control. While architecture did dictate differences in the cells' responses to their environment, architecture was not shown to distinguish a statistically significant difference in tissue integration via fiber push-out testing within a given time point or explant region. Use of this three-week osteochondral model demonstrates that these bioink formulations support the fabrication of cell-laden constructs that integrate into explanted tissue as capably as natural tissue and encapsulate osteochondral matrix-producing cells, and it also highlights the important role that spatial architecture plays in the engineering of multi-phasic tissue environments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Here, an ex vivo model was used to interrogate fundamental questions about the effect of multi-material scaffold architectural choices on osteochondral tissue integration. Cell-encapsulating constructs resembling stratified osteochondral tissue were 3D printed with architecture consisting of either gradient transitions or segmented transitions between the bone-like and cartilage-like bioink regions. The printed constructs were assessed alongside re-inserted natural tissue plugs via mechanical tissue integration push-out testing, biochemical assays, and histology. Differences in osteochondral matrix deposition were observed based on architecture, and both printed groups demonstrated cartilage integration similar to the native tissue plug group. As 3D printing becomes commonplace within biomaterials and tissue engineering, this work illustrates critical 3D co-culture interactions and demonstrates the importance of considering architecture when interpreting the results of studies utilizing spatially complex, multi-material scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katie J Hogan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hannah A Pearce
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Letitia K Chim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; NIBIB/NIH Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, USA.
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Ha GH, Kim EJ, Park JS, Kim JE, Nam H, Yeon JY, Lee SH, Lee K, Kim CK, Joo KM. JAK2/STAT3 pathway mediates neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic treatment effects of adult human neural stem cells in middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke animal models. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8944-8969. [PMID: 36446389 PMCID: PMC9740376 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Mismatches between pre-clinical and clinical results of stem cell therapeutics for ischemic stroke limit their clinical applicability. To overcome these discrepancies, precise planning of pre-clinical experiments that can be translated to clinical trials and the scientific elucidation of treatment mechanisms is important. In this study, adult human neural stem cells (ahNSCs) derived from temporal lobe surgical samples were used (to avoid ethical and safety issues), and their therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke were examined using middle cerebral artery occlusion animal models. 5 × 105 ahNSCs was directly injected into the lateral ventricle of contralateral brain hemispheres of immune suppressed rat stroke models at the subacute phase of stroke. Compared with the mock-treated group, ahNSCs reduced brain tissue atrophy and neurological sensorimotor and memory functional loss. Tissue analysis demonstrated that the significant therapeutic effects were mediated by the neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic activities of ahNSCs, which preserved neurons in ischemic brain areas and decreased reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation. The neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic effects of ahNSCs were validated in in vitro stroke models and were induced by paracrine factors excreted by ahNSCs. When the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was inhibited by a specific inhibitor, AG490, the paracrine neuroprotective and pro-angiogenic effects of ahNSCs were reversed. This pre-clinical study that closely simulated clinical settings and provided treatment mechanisms of ahNSCs for ischemic stroke may aid the development of protocols for subsequent clinical trials of ahNSCs and the realization of clinically available stem cell therapeutics for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Hyoung Ha
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea
| | - Jee Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea
| | - Hyun Nam
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Je Young Yeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16149, South Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chung Kwon Kim
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Medical Innovation Technology Inc. (MEDINNO Inc.), Seoul 08513, South Korea,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16149, South Korea,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
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6
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Mao Q, Shao W, Lv S, Tong P, He B. Case report: Directional infusion of peripheral blood stem cells into the necrotic zone in femoral heads through the medial circumflex femoral artery: A tracing study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:945268. [PMID: 36059815 PMCID: PMC9433798 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.945268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore whether peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) infused through the medial circumflex femoral artery to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) could migrate into the necrotic area of femoral head. Methods We collected PBSCs from a patient who had bilateral ONFH by apheresis technique using COBE spectra apheresis system (COBE BCT Inc, Lakewood, CO, USA) after subcutaneous injections of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) at a dosage of 10 μg/kg for 4 days to mobilize PBSCs. After that, 100 MBq 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) was used to label PBSCs. 18F-FDG labeled PBSCs were infused into the left femoral head via the medial circumflex femoral artery to treat ONFH. Then the patient was underwent three-dimensional positron emission tomography (3D-PET) examination 60 min after cell infusion to monitor the biological distribution of 18F-FDG-labeled PBSCs, and to observe whether the transplanted PBSCs could migrate into the necrotic area of femoral head. Results The total number of monouclear cells in the peripheral blood stem cell suspension was 1.95 × 108 which contained 2.20 × 106 CD34+ cells. The activity of 18F-FDG in the labeled cells was 1.8Bq/103 monouclear cells. 3D-PET imaging showed that 18F-FDG radioactivity was detected in the necrotic area of femoral head, acetabulum and femoral bone marrow cavity after transplantation of 18F-FDG-labeled PBSCs via the medial circumflex femoral artery. It is worth noting that although PBSCs labeled with 18F-FDG were widely distributed around the hip, such as femoral bone marrow cavity, femoral head and acetabulum, PBSCs were generally located in the necrotic area of femoral head. Conclusions PBSCs could enter into the femoral head and migrate into the necrotic field of femoral head participating in the repair of osteonecrosis after infusion through the medial circumflex femoral artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Shao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaijie Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bangjian He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bangjian He
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Maric DM, Velikic G, Maric DL, Supic G, Vojvodic D, Petric V, Abazovic D. Stem Cell Homing in Intrathecal Applications and Inspirations for Improvement Paths. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084290. [PMID: 35457107 PMCID: PMC9027729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A transplanted stem cell homing is a directed migration from the application site to the targeted tissue. Intrathecal application of stem cells is their direct delivery to cerebrospinal fluid, which defines the homing path from the point of injection to the brain. In the case of neurodegenerative diseases, this application method has the advantage of no blood–brain barrier restriction. However, the homing efficiency still needs improvement and homing mechanisms elucidation. Analysis of current research results on homing mechanisms in the light of intrathecal administration revealed a discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro results and a gap between preclinical and clinical research. Combining the existing research with novel insights from cutting-edge biochips, nano, and other technologies and computational models may bridge this gap faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan M. Maric
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Faculty of Dentistry Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26000 Pancevo, Serbia
- Vincula Biotech Group, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Gordana Velikic
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Dr Dragi Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Vincula Biotech Group, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (D.L.M.)
| | - Dusica L. Maric
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (D.L.M.)
| | - Gordana Supic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vedrana Petric
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dzihan Abazovic
- Vincula Biotech Group, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department for Regenerative Medicine, Biocell Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Hariharan A, Iyer J, Wang A, Tran SD. Tracking of Oral and Craniofacial Stem Cells in Tissue Development, Regeneration, and Diseases. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:656-668. [PMID: 34741728 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The craniofacial region hosts a variety of stem cells, all isolated from different sources of bone and cartilage. However, despite scientific advancements, their role in tissue development and regeneration is not entirely understood. The goal of this review is to discuss recent advances in stem cell tracking methods and how these can be advantageously used to understand oro-facial tissue development and regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cell tracking methods have gained importance in recent times, mainly with the introduction of several molecular imaging techniques, like optical imaging, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Labelling of stem cells, assisted by these imaging techniques, has proven to be useful in establishing stem cell lineage for regenerative therapy of the oro-facial tissue complex. Novel labelling methods complementing imaging techniques have been pivotal in understanding craniofacial tissue development and regeneration. These stem cell tracking methods have the potential to facilitate the development of innovative cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Hariharan
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Janaki Iyer
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Athena Wang
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
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Billings C, Langley M, Warrington G, Mashali F, Johnson JA. Magnetic Particle Imaging: Current and Future Applications, Magnetic Nanoparticle Synthesis Methods and Safety Measures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147651. [PMID: 34299271 PMCID: PMC8306580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have a wide range of applications; an area of particular interest is magnetic particle imaging (MPI). MPI is an imaging modality that utilizes superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIONs) as tracer particles to produce highly sensitive and specific images in a broad range of applications, including cardiovascular, neuroimaging, tumor imaging, magnetic hyperthermia and cellular tracking. While there are hurdles to overcome, including accessibility of products, and an understanding of safety and toxicity profiles, MPI has the potential to revolutionize research and clinical biomedical imaging. This review will explore a brief history of MPI, MNP synthesis methods, current and future applications, and safety concerns associated with this newly emerging imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Billings
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Mitchell Langley
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.); (G.W.); (F.M.)
| | - Gavin Warrington
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.); (G.W.); (F.M.)
| | - Farzin Mashali
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (M.L.); (G.W.); (F.M.)
| | - Jacqueline Anne Johnson
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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[18F]FDG-labelled stem cell PET imaging in different route of administrations and multiple animal species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10896. [PMID: 34035416 PMCID: PMC8149709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment, although its efficacy is still inconclusive and requires further understanding and optimization of the procedures. Non-invasive cell tracking can provide an important opportunity to monitor in vivo cell distribution in living subjects. Here, using a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and in vitro 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) direct cell labelling, the feasibility of engrafted stem cell monitoring was tested in multiple animal species. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were incubated with phosphate-buffered saline containing [18F]FDG for in vitro cell radiolabelling. The pre-labelled MSCs were administrated via peripheral vein in a mouse (n = 1), rats (n = 4), rabbits (n = 4) and non-human primates (n = 3), via carotid artery in rats (n = 4) and non-human primates (n = 3), and via intra-myocardial injection in rats (n = 5). PET imaging was started 10 min after cell administration using a dedicated small animal PET system for a mouse and rats. A clinical PET system was used for the imaging of rabbits and non-human primates. After MSC administration via peripheral vein, PET imaging revealed intense radiotracer signal from the lung in all tested animal species including mouse, rat, rabbit, and non-human primate, suggesting administrated MSCs were trapped in the lung tissue. Furthermore, the distribution of the PET signal significantly differed based on the route of cell administration. Administration via carotid artery showed the highest activity in the head, and intra-myocardial injection increased signal from the heart. In vitro [18F]FDG MSC pre-labelling for PET imaging is feasible and allows non-invasive visualization of initial cell distribution after different routes of cell administration in multiple animal models. Those results highlight the potential use of that imaging approach for the understanding and optimization of stem cell therapy in translational research.
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Klontzas ME, Kakkos GA, Papadakis GZ, Marias K, Karantanas AH. Advanced clinical imaging for the evaluation of stem cell based therapies. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1253-1264. [PMID: 33576278 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1890711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: As stem cell treatments reach closer to the clinic, the need for appropriate noninvasive imaging for accurate disease diagnosis, treatment planning, follow-up, and early detection of complications, is constantly rising. Clinical radiology affords an extensive arsenal of advanced imaging techniques, to provide anatomical and functional information on the whole spectrum of stem cell treatments from diagnosis to follow-up.Areas covered: This manuscript aims at providing a critical review of major published studies on the utilization of advanced imaging for stem cell treatments. Uses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and positron emission tomography (PET) are reviewed and interrogated for their applicability to stem cell imaging.Expert opinion: A wide spectrum of imaging methods have been utilized for the evaluation of stem cell therapies. The majority of published techniques are not clinically applicable, using methods exclusively applicable to animals or technology irrelevant to current clinical practice. Harmonization of preclinical methods with clinical reality is necessary for the timely translation of stem cell therapies to the clinic. Methods such as diffusion weighted MRI, hybrid imaging, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound hold great promise and should be routinely incorporated in the evaluation of patients receiving stem cell treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail E Klontzas
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Advanced Hybrid Imaging Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George A Kakkos
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Z Papadakis
- Advanced Hybrid Imaging Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kostas Marias
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Apostolos H Karantanas
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Advanced Hybrid Imaging Systems, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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12
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Alsawaftah N, Farooq A, Dhou S, Majdalawieh AF. Bioluminescence Imaging Applications in Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2021; 14:307-326. [PMID: 32746363 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2020.2995124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), an optical preclinical imaging modality, is an invaluable imaging modality due to its low-cost, high throughput, fast acquisition times, and functional imaging capabilities. BLI is being extensively used in the field of cancer imaging, especially with the recent developments in genetic-engineering, stem cell, and gene therapy treatments. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the principles, developments, and current status of BLI in cancer research. This paper covers the fundamental BLI concepts including BLI reporters and enzyme-substrate systems, data acquisition, and image characteristics. It reviews the studies discussing the use of BLI in cancer research such as imaging tumor-characteristic phenomena including tumorigenesis, metastasis, cancer metabolism, apoptosis, hypoxia, and angiogenesis, and response to cancer therapy treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy. The key advantages and disadvantages of BLI compared to other common imaging modalities are also discussed.
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13
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Kozlova A, Bratashov D, Grishin O, Abdurashitov A, Prikhozhdenko E, Verkhovskii R, Shushunova N, Shashkov E, Zharov VP, Inozemtseva O. Dynamic blood flow phantom for in vivo liquid biopsy standardization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1185. [PMID: 33441866 PMCID: PMC7806591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo liquid biopsy, especially using the photoacoustic (PA) method, demonstrated high clinical potential for early diagnosis of deadly diseases such as cancer, infections, and cardiovascular disorders through the detection of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs), bacteria, and clots in the blood background. However, little progress has been made in terms of standardization of these techniques, which is crucial to validate their high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. In the present study, we addressed this important demand by introducing a dynamic blood vessel phantom with flowing mimic normal and abnormal cells. The light transparent silica microspheres were used as white blood cells and platelets phantoms, while hollow polymeric capsules, filled with hemoglobin and melanin, reproduced red blood cells and melanoma CTCs, respectively. These phantoms were successfully used for calibration of the PA flow cytometry platform with high-speed signal processing. The results suggest that these dynamic cell flow phantoms with appropriate biochemical, optical, thermal, and acoustic properties can be promising for the establishment of standardization tool for calibration of PA, fluorescent, Raman, and other detection methods of in vivo flow cytometry and liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kozlova
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil Bratashov
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Oleg Grishin
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Arkadii Abdurashitov
- grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Roman Verkhovskii
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Natalia Shushunova
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Evgeny Shashkov
- grid.424964.90000 0004 0637 9699Prokhorov General Physics Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Olga Inozemtseva
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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14
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Patrick PS, Kolluri KK, Zaw Thin M, Edwards A, Sage EK, Sanderson T, Weil BD, Dickson JC, Lythgoe MF, Lowdell M, Janes SM, Kalber TL. Lung delivery of MSCs expressing anti-cancer protein TRAIL visualised with 89Zr-oxine PET-CT. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:256. [PMID: 32586403 PMCID: PMC7318529 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MSCTRAIL is a cell-based therapy consisting of human allogeneic umbilical cord-derived MSCs genetically modified to express the anti-cancer protein TRAIL. Though cell-based therapies are typically designed with a target tissue in mind, delivery is rarely assessed due to a lack of translatable non-invasive imaging approaches. In this preclinical study, we demonstrate 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging as a potential clinical solution for non-invasively tracking MSCTRAIL biodistribution. Future implementation of this technique should improve our understanding of MSCTRAIL during its evaluation as a therapy for metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS MSCTRAIL were radiolabelled with 89Zr-oxine and assayed for viability, phenotype, and therapeutic efficacy post-labelling. PET-CT imaging of 89Zr-oxine-labelled MSCTRAIL was performed in a mouse model of lung cancer following intravenous injection, and biodistribution was confirmed ex vivo. RESULTS MSCTRAIL retained the therapeutic efficacy and MSC phenotype in vitro at labelling amounts up to and above those required for clinical imaging. The effect of 89Zr-oxine labelling on cell proliferation rate was amount- and time-dependent. PET-CT imaging showed delivery of MSCTRAIL to the lungs in a mouse model of lung cancer up to 1 week post-injection, validated by in vivo bioluminescence imaging, autoradiography, and fluorescence imaging on tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging present a potential method of evaluating the biodistribution of new cell therapies in patients, including MSCTRAIL. This offers to improve understanding of cell therapies, including mechanism of action, migration dynamics, and inter-patient variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Krishna K Kolluri
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Edwards
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Sage
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Sanderson
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin D Weil
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - John C Dickson
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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15
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Abstract
Cell therapy is revolutionizing modern medicine. To promote this emerging therapy, the ability to image and track therapeutic cells is critical to monitor the progress of the treatment. Ultrasound imaging is promising in tracking therapeutic cells but suffers from poor contrast against local tissues. Therefore, it is critical to increase the ultrasound contrast of therapeutic cells over local tissue at the injection site. Here, we describe a method to increase the ultrasound intensity of therapeutic cells with nanoparticles to make the injected therapeutic cells more visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of Nanoengineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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16
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Kuriakose AE, Pandey N, Shan D, Banerjee S, Yang J, Nguyen KT. Characterization of Photoluminescent Polylactone-Based Nanoparticles for Their Applications in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:353. [PMID: 31824940 PMCID: PMC6886382 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) affect a large number of the population across the globe and are the leading cause of death worldwide. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery has currently offered novel therapeutic options to treat these diseases, yet combination of both diagnostic and therapeutic abilities is further needed to understand factors and/or mechanisms that affect the treatment in order to design better therapies to challenge CVD. Biodegradable photoluminescent polylactones (BPLPLs) enable to bridge this gap as these materials exhibit a stable, long-term intrinsic fluorescence as well as offers excellent cytocompatibility and biodegradability properties. Herein, we formulated three different BPLPL based nanoparticles (NPs), including BPLP-co-poly (L-lactic acid) (BPLPL-PLLA), BPLP-co-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymers with lactic acid and glycolic acid ratios of 75:25 (BPLPL-PLGA75:25) and 50:50 (BPLPL-PLGA50:50), and extensively evaluated their suitability as theranostic nanocarriers for CVD applications. All BPLPL based NPs were <160 nm in size and had photoluminescence characteristics and tunable release kinetics of encapsulated protein model depending on polylactones copolymerized with BPLP materials. Compared to BPLPL-PLLA NPs, BPLPL-PLGA NPs demonstrated excellent stability in various formulations including deionized water, serum, saline, and simulated body fluid over 2 days. In vitro cell studies with human umbilical vein derived endothelial cells showed dose-dependent accumulation of BPLPL-based NPs, and BPLPL-PLGA NPs presented superior compatibility with endothelial cells in terms of viability with minimal effects on cellular functions such as nitric oxide production. Furthermore, all BPLPL NPs displayed hemocompatibility with no effect on whole blood kinetic profiles, were non-hemolytic, and consisted of comparable platelet responses such as platelet adhesion and activation to those of PLGA, an FDA approved material. Overall, our results demonstrated that BPLPL-PLGA based NPs have better physical and biological properties than BPLPL-PLLA; hence they have potential to be utilized as functional nanocarriers for therapy and diagnosis of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneetta E Kuriakose
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Nikhil Pandey
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Dingying Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Division of Cardiology, VA North Texas Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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17
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Dou L, Matz EL, Gu X, Shu F, Paxton J, Song J, Yoo J, Atala A, Jackson J, Zhang Y. Non-Invasive Cell Tracking with Brighter and Red-Transferred Luciferase for Potential Application in Stem Cell Therapy. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1542-1551. [PMID: 31684762 PMCID: PMC6923553 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719885078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the safety of a novel cell-labeling technology with mKATE and
Renilla reniformis luciferase (mKATE-renLUC) and assessed the efficacy
on tracking implanted human placental stromal cells (PSC) in an erectile dysfunction (ED)
animal model. Human PSC were labeled with mKATE-renLUC using a lentivirus. Cell viability,
apoptosis, proliferation, migration, surface marker expression and differentiation
potential of the labeled PSC were evaluated and compared with non-labeled PSC. The
paracrine profile of labeled cells was examined using an angiogenesis protein array. The
brightness and duration of labeled cells with different densities were evaluated. An ED
rat model was established and labeled PSC were injected into cavernosal tissue of the
penis. The migration and distribution of transplanted PSC were monitored using an IVIS
imaging system in real time. Implanted PSC were identified in isolated tissues via
detection of mKATE fluorescence. The cell viability, morphology, proliferation, migration,
surface marker expression and differentiation potential of mKATE-renLUC-labeled PSC were
similar to those of non-labeled cells in vitro (no statistical difference
p>0.05). Similar expressions of trophic factors were found between
labeled and non-labeled PSC. The migration and distribution of PSC expressing renLUC were
tracked in vivo using IVIS imaging system. mKATE-positive PSC were detected in penile,
kidney, prostate and hepatic tissues using histological methods. This labeling technology
provides a safe and effective cell-tracking approach with a brighter fluorophore and
codon-optimized luciferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dou
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ethan L Matz
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xin Gu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fangpeng Shu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Paxton
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jinlin Song
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - James Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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18
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Rbia N, Bulstra LF, Thaler R, Hovius SER, van Wijnen AJ, Shin AY. In Vivo Survival of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Enhanced Decellularized Nerve Grafts for Segmental Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. J Hand Surg Am 2019; 44:514.e1-514.e11. [PMID: 30301645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising tools for peripheral nerve reconstruction. There is a paucity of information regarding the ultimate survivorship of implanted MSCs or whether these cells remain where they are placed. The aim of the present study was to track the in vivo distribution and survival of MSCs seeded on a decellularized nerve allograft reconstruction of a peripheral nerve defect using luciferase-based bioluminescence imaging (BLI). METHODS To determine the in vivo survivability of MSCs, autologous Lewis rat MSCs were stably labeled with luciferase by lentiviral particles. Labeled cells were dynamically seeded onto a Sprague Dawley decellularized rat nerve allograft and used to bridge a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect. The MSC survival was determined by performing in vivo BLI to detect living cells. Twelve animals were examined at 24 hours after implantation, 3, 7, 9, 11, and 14 days, and at daily intervals thereafter if signals were still present. RESULTS Labeled MSCs could be detected for up to 29 days. Gradually diminishing BLI signals were observed within the first week following implantation. Implanted MSCs were not detected anywhere other than the site of surgery. CONCLUSIONS The MSCs seeded on decellularized nerve allografts can survive in vivo but have finite survival after implantation. There was no evidence of migration of MSCs to surrounding tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings support a therapeutic approach that combines MSCs with a biological scaffold for peripheral nerve surgery. It provides understanding of the viability and distribution of implanted MSCs, which is a prerequisite before clinical translation can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rbia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte F Bulstra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven E R Hovius
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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19
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Moore C, Chen F, Wang J, Jokerst JV. Listening for the therapeutic window: Advances in drug delivery utilizing photoacoustic imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:78-89. [PMID: 31295522 PMCID: PMC6745251 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The preclinical landscape of photoacoustic imaging has experienced tremendous growth in the past decade. This non-invasive imaging modality augments the spatiotemporal capabilities of ultrasound with optical contrast. While it has principally been investigated for diagnostic applications, many recent reports have described theranostic delivery systems and drug monitoring strategies using photoacoustics. Here, we provide an overview of the progress to date while highlighting work in three specific areas: theranostic nanoparticles, real-time drug monitoring, and stem cell ("living drug") tracking. Additionally, we discuss the challenges that remain to be addressed in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colman Moore
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Junxin Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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20
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Bioinspired magnetic nanoparticles as multimodal photoacoustic, photothermal and photomechanical contrast agents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:887. [PMID: 30696936 PMCID: PMC6351522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles from magnetotactic bacteria have been used in conventional imaging, drug delivery, and magnetic manipulations. Here, we show that these natural nanoparticles and their bioinspired hybrids with near-infrared gold nanorods and folic acid can serve as molecular high-contrast photoacoustic probes for single-cell diagnostics and as photothermal agents for single-cell therapy using laser-induced vapor nanobubbles and magnetic field as significant signal and therapy amplifiers. These theranostics agents enable the detection and photomechanical killing of triple negative breast cancer cells that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy, with just one or a few low-energy laser pulses. In studies in vivo, we discovered that circulating tumor cells labeled with the nanohybrids generate transient ultrasharp photoacoustic resonances directly in the bloodstream as the basis for new super-resolution photoacoustic flow cytometry in vivo. These properties make natural and bioinspired magnetic nanoparticles promising biocompatible, multimodal, high-contrast, and clinically relevant cellular probes for many in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications.
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21
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Lemaster JE, Wang Z, Hariri A, Chen F, Hu Z, Huang Y, Barback CV, Cochran R, Gianneschi NC, Jokerst JV. Gadolinium Doping Enhances the Photoacoustic Signal of Synthetic Melanin Nanoparticles: A Dual Modality Contrast Agent for Stem Cell Imaging. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:251-259. [PMID: 33859455 PMCID: PMC8045669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we show that gadolinium-loaded synthetic melanin nanoparticles (Gd(III)-SMNPs) exhibit up to a 40-fold enhanced photoacoustic signal intensity relative to synthetic melanin alone and higher than other metal-chelated SMNPs. This property makes these materials useful as dual labeling agents because Gd(III)-SMNPs also behave as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. As a proof-of-concept, we used these nanoparticles to label human mesenchymal stem cells. Cellular uptake was confirmed with bright-field optical and transmission electron microscopy. The Gd(III)-SMNP-labeled stem cells continued to express the stem cell surface markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 and proliferate. The labeled stem cells were subsequently injected intramyocardially in mice, and the tissue was observed by photoacoustic and MR imaging. We found that the photoacoustic signal increased as the cell number increased (R 2 = 0.96), indicating that such an approach could be employed to discriminate between stem cell populations with a limit of detection of 2.3 × 104 cells in in vitro tests. This multimodal photoacoustic/MRI approach combines the excellent temporal resolution of photoacoustics with the anatomic resolution of MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E. Lemaster
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ali Hariri
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuran Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher V. Barback
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Richard Cochran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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22
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Sajer S, Guardiero GS, Scicchitano BM. Myokines in Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation-Induced Recovery of Skeletal Muscle in Elderly and Permanent Denervation. Eur J Transl Myol 2018; 28:7905. [PMID: 30662701 PMCID: PMC6317133 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders, disuse, inadequate nutrition, metabolic diseases, cancer and aging produce muscle atrophy and this implies that there are different types of molecular triggers and signaling pathways for muscle wasting. Exercise and muscle contractions may counteract muscle atrophy by releasing a group of peptides, termed myokines, to protect the functionality and to enhance the exercise capacity of skeletal muscle. In this review, we are looking at the role of myokines in the recovery of permanent denervated and elderly skeletal muscle tissue. Since sub-clinical denervation events contribute to both atrophy and the decreased contractile speed of aged muscle, we saw a parallel to spinal cord injury and decided to look at both groups together. The muscle from lifelong active seniors has more muscle bulk and more slow fiber-type groupings than those of sedentary seniors, demonstrating that physical activity maintains slow motoneurons that reinnervate the transiently denervated muscle fibers. Furthermore, we summarized the evidence that muscle degeneration occur with irreversible Conus and Cauda Equina syndrome, a spinal cord injury in which the human leg muscles may be permanently disconnected from the peripheral nervous system. In these patients, suffering with an estreme case of muscle disuse, a complete loss of muscle fibers occurs within five to ten years after injury. Their recovered tetanic contractility, induced by home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation, can restore the muscle size and function in compliant Spinal Cord Injury patients, allowing them to perform electrical stimulation-supported stand-up training. Myokines are produced and released by muscle fibers under contraction and exert both local and systemic effects. Changes in patterns of myokine secretion, particularly of IGF-1 isoforms, occur in long-term Spinal Cord Injury persons and also in very aged people. Their modulation in Spinal Cord Injury and late aging are also key factors of home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation - mediated muscle recovery. Thus, Functional Electrical Stimulation should be prescribed in critical care units and nursing facilities, if persons are unable or reluctant to exercise. This will result in less frequent hospitalizations and a reduced burden on patients' families and public health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Sajer
- Department of Physiko&Rheuma-Therapie, Institute for Physical Medicine, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Giulio Sauro Guardiero
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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23
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Wen J, Zhao Z, Tong R, Huang L, Miao Y, Wu J. Prussian Blue Nanoparticle-Labeled Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Evaluation of Cell Viability, Proliferation, Migration, Differentiation, Cytoskeleton, and Protein Expression In Vitro. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:329. [PMID: 30350300 PMCID: PMC6197343 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used for the treatment of various human diseases. To better understand the mechanism of this action and the fate of these cells, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for the tracking of transplanted stem cells. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have been demonstrated to have the ability of labeling cells to visualize them as an effective MRI contrast agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficiency and biological effects of labeled MSCs using PBNPs. We first synthesized and characterized the PBNPs. Then, iCELLigence real-time cell analysis system revealed that PBNPs did not significantly alter cell viability, proliferation, and migration activity in PBNP-labeled MSCs. Oil Red O staining and Alizarin Red staining revealed that labeled MSCs also have a normal differentiation capacity. Phalloidin staining showed no negative effect of PBNPs on the cytoskeleton. Western blot analysis indicated that PBNPs also did not change the expression of β-catenin and vimentin of MSCs. In vitro MRI, the pellets of the MSCs incubated with PBNPs showed a clear MRI signal darkening effect. In conclusion, PBNPs can be effectively used for the labeling of MSCs and will not influence the biological characteristics of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Wen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No17, 3rd section, Renmin Nanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No17, 3rd section, Renmin Nanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruijie Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwei Huang
- West China School of Stomatology Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Miao
- Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Chengdu, China. .,Deep Undergroud Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section, Renmin Nanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiang Wu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No17, 3rd section, Renmin Nanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Deep Undergroud Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, 3rd Section, Renmin Nanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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24
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Bose RJC, Mattrey RF. Accomplishments and challenges in stem cell imaging in vivo. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:492-504. [PMID: 30342245 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have demonstrated promising preclinical results, but very few applications have reached the clinic owing to safety and efficacy concerns. Translation would benefit greatly if stem cell survival, distribution and function could be assessed in vivo post-transplantation, particularly in patients. Advances in molecular imaging have led to extraordinary progress, with several strategies being deployed to understand the fate of stem cells in vivo using magnetic resonance, scintigraphy, PET, ultrasound and optical imaging. Here, we review the recent advances, challenges and future perspectives and opportunities in stem cell tracking and functional assessment, as well as the advantages and challenges of each imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran J C Bose
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8514, USA; Current affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) and the Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, USA
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8514, USA.
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25
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Chen F, Li G, Zhao ER, Li J, Hableel G, Lemaster JE, Bai Y, Sen GL, Jokerst JV. Cellular toxicity of silicon carbide nanomaterials as a function of morphology. Biomaterials 2018; 179:60-70. [PMID: 29980075 PMCID: PMC6069971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon carbide has been shown to be biocompatible and is used as a coating material for implanted medical devices to prevent biofilms. Silicon carbide nanomaterials are also promising in cell tracking due to their stable and strong luminescence, but more comprehensive studies of this material on the nanoscale are needed. Here, we studied the toxicity of silicon carbide nanomaterials on human mesenchymal stem cells in terms of metabolism, viability, adhesion, proliferation, migration, oxidative stress, and differentiation ability. We compared two different shapes and found that silicon carbide nanowires are toxic to human mesenchymal stem cells but not to cancer cell lines at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. Control silicon carbide nanoparticles were biocompatible to human mesenchymal stem cells at 0.1 mg/mL. We studied the potential mechanistic effect of silicon carbide nanowires on human mesenchymal stem cells' phenotype, cytokine secretion, and gene expression. These findings suggest that the toxic effect of silicon carbide nanomaterials to human mesenchymal stem cells are dependent on morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gongyi Li
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073 PR China
| | - Eric Ruike Zhao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jingting Li
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ghanim Hableel
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeanne E Lemaster
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yuting Bai
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - George L Sen
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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26
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Han SS, Shim HE, Park SJ, Kim BC, Lee DE, Chung HM, Moon SH, Kang SW. Safety and Optimization of Metabolic Labeling of Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Tracking. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13212. [PMID: 30181604 PMCID: PMC6123424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic labeling is one of the most powerful methods to label the live cell for in vitro and in vivo tracking. However, the cellular mechanisms by modified glycosylation due to metabolic agents are not fully understood. Therefore, metabolic labeling has not yet been widely used in EPC tracking and labeling. In this study, cell functional properties such as proliferation, migration and permeability and gene expression patterns of metabolic labeling agent-treated hUCB-EPCs were analyzed to demonstrate cellular effects of metabolic labeling agents. As the results, 10 μM Ac4ManNAz treatment had no effects on cellular function or gene regulations, however, higher concentration of Ac4ManNAz (>20 μM) led to the inhibition of functional properties (proliferation rate, viability and rate of endocytosis) and down-regulation of genes related to cell adhesion, PI3K/AKT, FGF and EGFR signaling pathways. Interestingly, the new blood vessel formation and angiogenic potential of hUCB-EPCs were not affected by Ac4ManNAz concentration. Based on our results, we suggest 10 μM as the optimal concentration of Ac4ManNAz for in vivo hUCB-EPC labeling and tracking. Additionally, we expect that our approach can be used for understanding the efficacy and safety of stem cell-based therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Han
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Shim
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Chul Kim
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea.
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
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27
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Comenge J, Sharkey J, Fragueiro O, Wilm B, Brust M, Murray P, Levy R, Plagge A. Multimodal cell tracking from systemic administration to tumour growth by combining gold nanorods and reporter genes. eLife 2018; 7:33140. [PMID: 29949503 PMCID: PMC6021173 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fate of exogenous cells after implantation is important for clinical applications. Preclinical studies allow imaging of cell location and survival. Labelling with nanoparticles enables high sensitivity detection, but cell division and cell death cause signal dilution and false positives. By contrast, genetic reporter signals are amplified by cell division. Here, we characterise lentivirus-based bi-cistronic reporter gene vectors and silica-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) as synergistic tools for cell labelling and tracking. Co-expression of the bioluminescence reporter luciferase and the optoacoustic reporter near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP720 enabled cell tracking over time in mice. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) showed immediate biodistribution of GNR-labelled cells after intracardiac injection and successive clearance of GNRs (day 1–15) with high resolution, while optoacoustic iRFP720 detection indicated tumour growth (day 10–40). This multimodal cell tracking approach could be applied widely for cancer and regenerative medicine research to monitor short- and long-term biodistribution, tumour formation and metastasis. Many scientists are studying the possibility of using human cells to treat diseases. For example, using stem cells to regenerate damaged body parts or genetically engineered immune cells to destroy cancer. Scientists need new tools to track what happens to these cells once they have been injected into a laboratory animal. This will help them understand how they work and make sure these potential treatments are safe. One concern with using cells as a treatment is that they might form cancerous tumors. To track these cells in a laboratory animal, scientists need two things: a way to distinguish the treatment cells from the animal’s normal cells and an imaging tool that allows them to see where the cells are in a living animal. One way to differentiate treatment cells from normal cells is to genetically engineer them to make a fluorescent protein called iRFP720. Another way is to fill the cells with gold nanorods. Both, the fluorescent protein and the gold nanorods, absorb light in the infrared range. Scientists can use a technique called multispectral optoacoustic tomography, which transforms infrared light into ultrasound signals to create an image, to see where these markers are in the body. Now, Comenge et al. showed that the gold nanorods and multispectral optoacoustic tomography track the cells immediately after injection into the blood stream of a mouse. Most of the injected cells die within a few days, and the nanorods are progressively eliminated from the body through the liver. But some of the injected cells live on, multiply, and form tumors within a month. This was expected because the cells they used were chosen for their ability to sometimes form tumors. Using multispectral optoacoustic tomography to track the cells making iRFP720, Comenge et al. were able to see exactly where the tumors are deep inside the body. Together, gold nanorods and iRFP720 could allow scientists to track where the cell-based therapies for cancer or other diseases go in the short and long term. This may help them prove whether these treatments work, and whether they have harmful effects. Comenge et al. are helping other scientists to use these techniques by distributing their tool for making iRFP720-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Comenge
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Oihane Fragueiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Brust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Levy
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Antonius Plagge
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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28
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Li K, Chan CT, Nejadnik H, Lenkov OD, Wolterman C, Paulmurugan R, Yang H, Gambhir SS, Daldrup-Link HE. Ferumoxytol-based Dual-modality Imaging Probe for Detection of Stem Cell Transplant Rejection. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:306-319. [PMID: 29977742 PMCID: PMC6030766 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.26389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Stem cell transplants are an effective approach to repair large bone defects. However, comprehensive techniques to monitor the fate of transplanted stem cells in vivo are lacking. Such strategies would enable corrective interventions at an early stage and greatly benefit the development of more successful tissue regeneration approaches. In this study, we designed and synthesized a dual-modality imaging probe (Feru-AFC) that can simultaneously localize transplanted stem cells and diagnose immune rejection-induced apoptosis at an early stage in vivo. Methods: We used a customized caspase-3 cleavable peptide-dye conjugate to modify the surface of clinically approved ferumoxytol nanoparticles (NPs) to generate the dual-modality imaging probe with fluorescence "light-up" feature. We labeled both mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs, matched) and pig mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs, mismatched) with the probe and transplanted the labeled cells with biocompatible scaffold at the calvarial defects in mice. We then employed intravital microscopy (IVM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the localization, engraftment, and viability of matched and mismatched stem cells, followed by histological analyses to evaluate the results obtained from in vivo studies. Results: The Feru-AFC NPs showed good cellular uptake efficiency in the presence of lipofectin without cytotoxicity to mMSCs and pMSCs. The fluorescence of Feru-AFC NPs was turned on inside apoptotic cells due to the cleavage of peptide by activated caspase-3 and subsequent release of fluorescence dye molecules. Upon transplantation at the calvarial defects in mice, the intense fluorescence from the cleaved Feru-AFC NPs in apoptotic pMSCs was observed with a concomitant decrease in the overall cell number from days 1 to 6. In contrast, the Feru-AFC NP-treated mMSCs exhibited minimum fluorescence and the cell number also remained similar. Furthermore, in vivo MRI of the Feru-AFC NP-treated mMSC and pMSCs transplants could clearly indicate the localization of matched and mismatched cells, respectively. Conclusions: We successfully developed a dual-modality imaging probe for evaluation of the localization and viability of transplanted stem cells in mouse calvarial defects. Using ferumoxytol NPs as the platform, our Feru-AFC NPs are superparamagnetic and display a fluorescence "light-up" signature upon exposure to activated caspase-3. The results show that the probe is a promising tool for long-term stem cell tracking through MRI and early diagnosis of immune rejection-induced apoptosis through longitudinal fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, ASTAR, Singapore, 138634
| | - Carmel T Chan
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Olga D Lenkov
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Cody Wolterman
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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29
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Liu SJ, Wang LJ, Qiao Y, Zhang H, Li LP, Sun JH, He S, Xu W, Yang X, Cai WW, Li JD, Wang BQ, Zhang RP. A promising magnetic resonance stem cell tracer based on natural biomaterials in a biological system: manganese(II) chelated to melanin nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1749-1759. [PMID: 29606868 PMCID: PMC5868610 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s157508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanin and manganese are both indispensable natural substances that play crucial roles in the human body. Melanin has been used as a multimodality imaging nanoplatform for biology science research because of its natural binding ability with metal ions (eg, 64Cu2+, Fe3+, and Gd3+). Because of its effects on T1 signal enhancement, Mn-based nanoparticles have been used in magnetic resonance (MR) quantitative cell tracking in vivo. Stem cell tracking in vivo is an essential technology used to characterize engrafted stem cells, including cellular viability, biodistribution, differentiation capacity, and long-term fate. Methods In the present study, manganese(II) ions chelated to melanin nanoparticles [MNP-Mn(II)] were synthesized. The characteristics, stem cell labeling efficiency, and cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles were evaluated. MR imaging of the labeled stem cells in vivo and in vitro were also further performed. In T1 relaxivity (r1), MNP-Mn(II) were significantly more abundant than Omniscan. Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) can be labeled easily by coincubating with MNP-Mn(II), suggesting that MNP-Mn(II) had high biocompatibility. Results Cell Counting Kit-8 assays revealed that MNP-Mn(II) had almost no cytotoxicity when used to label BMSCs, even with a very high concentration (1,600 µg/mL). BMSCs labeled with MNP-Mn(II) could generate a hyperintense T1 signal both in vitro and in vivo, and the hyperintense T1 signal in vivo persisted for at least 28 days. Conclusion Taken together, our results showed that MNP-Mn(II) possessed many excellent properties for potential quantitative stem cell tracking in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Liu
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Imaging Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ling-Jie Wang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing-Hua Sun
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng He
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Imaging Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wen-Wen Cai
- Imaging Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian-Ding Li
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin-Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui-Ping Zhang
- Imaging Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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30
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Goichberg P. Current Understanding of the Pathways Involved in Adult Stem and Progenitor Cell Migration for Tissue Homeostasis and Repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:421-37. [PMID: 27209167 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the advancements in the field of adult stem and progenitor cells grows the recognition that the motility of primitive cells is a pivotal aspect of their functionality. There is accumulating evidence that the recruitment of tissue-resident and circulating cells is critical for organ homeostasis and effective injury responses, whereas the pathobiology of degenerative diseases, neoplasm and aging, might be rooted in the altered ability of immature cells to migrate. Furthermore, understanding the biological machinery determining the translocation patterns of tissue progenitors is of great relevance for the emerging methodologies for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. The present article provides an overview of studies addressing the physiological significance and diverse modes of stem and progenitor cell trafficking in adult mammalian organs, discusses the major microenvironmental cues regulating cell migration, and describes the implementation of live imaging approaches for the exploration of stem cell movement in tissues and the factors dictating the motility of endogenous and transplanted cells with regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Goichberg
- Department Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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31
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Kim T, Lemaster JE, Chen F, Li J, Jokerst JV. Photoacoustic Imaging of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Labeled with Prussian Blue-Poly(l-lysine) Nanocomplexes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9022-9032. [PMID: 28759195 PMCID: PMC5630123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic imaging is affordable and accessible without ionizing radiation. Photoacoustic imaging increases the contrast of traditional ultrasound and can offer good spatial resolution when used at high frequencies with excellent temporal resolution. Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) are an emerging photoacoustic contrast agent with strong optical absorption in the near-infrared region. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method to label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with PBNPs and imaged them with photoacoustic imaging. First, PBNPs were synthesized by the reaction of FeCl3 with K4[Fe(CN)6] in the presence of citric acid and complexed with the cationic transfection agent poly-l-lysine (PLL). The PLL-coated PBNPs (PB-PLL nanocomplexes) have a maximum absorption peak at 715 nm and could efficiently label hMSCs. Cellular uptake of these nanocomplexes was studied using bright field, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The labeled stem cells were successfully differentiated into two downstream lineages of adipocytes and osteocytes, and they showed positive expression for surface markers of CD73, CD90, and CD105. No changes in viability or proliferation of the labeled cells were observed, and the secretome cytokine analysis indicated that the expression levels of 12 different proteins were not dysregulated by PBNP labeling. The optical properties of PBNPs were preserved postlabeling, suitable for the sensitive and quantitative detection of implanted cells. Labeled hMSCs exhibited strong photoacoustic contrast in vitro and in vivo when imaged at 730 nm, and the detection limit was 200 cells/μL in vivo. The photoacoustic signal increased as a function of cell concentration, indicating that the number of labeled cells can be quantified during and after cell transplantations. In hybrid ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging, this approach offers real-time and image-guided cellular injection even through an intact skull for brain intraparenchymal injections. Our labeling and imaging technique allowed the detection and monitoring of 5 × 104 mesenchymal stem cells in living mice over a period of 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Lemaster
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jin Li
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Corresponding Author
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32
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Carraro U, Kern H, Gava P, Hofer C, Loefler S, Gargiulo P, Edmunds K, Árnadóttir ÍD, Zampieri S, Ravara B, Gava F, Nori A, Gobbo V, Masiero S, Marcante A, Baba A, Piccione F, Schils S, Pond A, Mosole S. Recovery from muscle weakness by exercise and FES: lessons from Masters, active or sedentary seniors and SCI patients. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:579-590. [PMID: 27592133 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many factors contribute to the decline of skeletal muscle that occurs as we age. This is a reality that we may combat, but not prevent because it is written into our genome. The series of records from World Master Athletes reveals that skeletal muscle power begins to decline at the age of 30 years and continues, almost linearly, to zero at the age of 110 years. Here we discuss evidence that denervation contributes to the atrophy and slowness of aged muscle. We compared muscle from lifelong active seniors to that of sedentary elderly people and found that the sportsmen have more muscle bulk and slow fiber type groupings, providing evidence that physical activity maintains slow motoneurons which reinnervate muscle fibers. Further, accelerated muscle atrophy/degeneration occurs with irreversible Conus and Cauda Equina syndrome, a spinal cord injury in which the human leg muscles may be permanently disconnected from the nervous system with complete loss of muscle fibers within 5-8 years. We used histological morphometry and Muscle Color Computed Tomography to evaluate muscle from these peculiar persons and reveal that contraction produced by home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation (h-bFES) recovers muscle size and function which is reversed if h-bFES is discontinued. FES also reverses muscle atrophy in sedentary seniors and modulates mitochondria in horse muscles. All together these observations indicate that FES modifies muscle fibers by increasing contractions per day. Thus, FES should be considered in critical care units, rehabilitation centers and nursing facilities when patients are unable or reluctant to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Gava
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Christian Hofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Loefler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Landspítali, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kyle Edmunds
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Sandra Zampieri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Ravara
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Gava
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Nori
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Valerio Gobbo
- Department of Biomedical Science, C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Masiero
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Alfonc Baba
- IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | | | | | - Amber Pond
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Simone Mosole
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
- Laboratory of Translational Myology of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
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Jurgielewicz P, Harmsen S, Wei E, Bachmann MH, Ting R, Aras O. New imaging probes to track cell fate: reporter genes in stem cell research. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4455-4469. [PMID: 28674728 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate is a concept used to describe the differentiation and development of a cell in its organismal context over time. It is important in the field of regenerative medicine, where stem cell therapy holds much promise but is limited by our ability to assess its efficacy, which is mainly due to the inability to monitor what happens to the cells upon engraftment to the damaged tissue. Currently, several imaging modalities can be used to track cells in the clinical setting; however, they do not satisfy many of the criteria necessary to accurately assess several aspects of cell fate. In recent years, reporter genes have become a popular option for tracking transplanted cells, via various imaging modalities in small mammalian animal models. This review article examines the reporter gene strategies used in imaging modalities such as MRI, SPECT/PET, Optoacoustic and Bioluminescence Imaging. Strengths and limitations of the use of reporter genes in each modality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jurgielewicz
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Stefan Harmsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Ting
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, Suite 1511, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Leahy M, Thompson K, Zafar H, Alexandrov S, Foley M, O'Flatharta C, Dockery P. Functional imaging for regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:57. [PMID: 27095443 PMCID: PMC4837501 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging is a platform technology with the power to put function in its natural structural context. With the drive to translate stem cell therapies into pre-clinical and clinical trials, early selection of the right imaging techniques is paramount to success. There are many instances in regenerative medicine where the biological, biochemical, and biomechanical mechanisms behind the proposed function of stem cell therapies can be elucidated by appropriate imaging. Imaging techniques can be divided according to whether labels are used and as to whether the imaging can be done in vivo. In vivo human imaging places additional restrictions on the imaging tools that can be used. Microscopies and nanoscopies, especially those requiring fluorescent markers, have made an extraordinary impact on discovery at the molecular and cellular level, but due to their very limited ability to focus in the scattering tissues encountered for in vivo applications they are largely confined to superficial imaging applications in research laboratories. Nanoscopy, which has tremendous benefits in resolution, is limited to the near-field (e.g. near-field scanning optical microscope (NSNOM)) or to very high light intensity (e.g. stimulated emission depletion (STED)) or to slow stochastic events (photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM)). In all cases, nanoscopy is limited to very superficial applications. Imaging depth may be increased using multiphoton or coherence gating tricks. Scattering dominates the limitation on imaging depth in most tissues and this can be mitigated by the application of optical clearing techniques that can impose mild (e.g. topical application of glycerol) or severe (e.g. CLARITY) changes to the tissue to be imaged. Progression of therapies through to clinical trials requires some thought as to the imaging and sensing modalities that should be used. Smoother progression is facilitated by the use of comparable imaging modalities throughout the discovery and trial phases, giving label-free techniques an advantage wherever they can be used, although this is seldom considered in the early stages. In this paper, we will explore the techniques that have found success in aiding discovery in stem cell therapies and try to predict the likely technologies best suited to translation and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Leahy
- Tissue Optics & Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland. .,Chair of Applied Physics, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland.
| | - Kerry Thompson
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland
| | - Haroon Zafar
- Tissue Optics & Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland
| | - Sergey Alexandrov
- Tissue Optics & Microcirculation Imaging Group, School of Physics, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland
| | - Mark Foley
- Medical Physics Research Cluster, School of Physics, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland
| | - Cathal O'Flatharta
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland
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