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Acosta FM, Stojkova K, Zhang J, Garcia Huitron EI, Jiang JX, Rathbone CR, Brey EM. Engineering Functional Vascularized Beige Adipose Tissue from Microvascular Fragments of Models of Healthy and Type II Diabetes Conditions. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221109337. [PMID: 35782994 PMCID: PMC9248044 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221109337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered beige adipose tissues could be used for screening therapeutic strategies or as a direct treatment for obesity and metabolic disease. Microvascular fragments are vessel structures that can be directly isolated from adipose tissue and may contain cells capable of differentiation into thermogenic, or beige, adipocytes. In this study, culture conditions were investigated to engineer three-dimensional, vascularized functional beige adipose tissue using microvascular fragments isolated from both healthy animals and a model of type II diabetes (T2D). Vascularized beige adipose tissues were engineered and exhibited increased expression of beige adipose markers, enhanced function, and improved cellular respiration. While microvascular fragments isolated from both lean and diabetic models were able to generate functional tissues, differences were observed in regard to vessel assembly and tissue function. This study introduces an approach that could be employed to engineer vascularized beige adipose tissues from a single, potentially autologous source of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M. Acosta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in
Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and
Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Jingruo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and
Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Eric Ivan Garcia Huitron
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Jean X. Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and
Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX,
USA
| | - Christopher R. Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in
Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX,
USA
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in
Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Zhu X, Du S, Yan Q, Min C, Zhou N, Zhou W, Li X. Dietary curcumin supplementation promotes browning and energy expenditure in postnatal overfed rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:97. [PMID: 34717663 PMCID: PMC8557570 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early postnatal overfeeding could result in metabolic imprinting that decreases energy expenditure following white adipose tissue (WAT) gain throughout life. This research investigated whether curcumin (CUR) supplementation could promote WAT browning and activate thermogenesis in postnatal overfed rats. Methods and results This study adjusted the size of litters to three (small litters, SL) or ten (normal litters, NL) to mimic early postnatal overfeeding or normal feeding from postnatal day 3. From postnatal week 3 (weaning period), SL rats were fed a standard diet (SL) or a diet supplemented with 1% (SL1% CUR) or 2% (SL2% CUR) CUR for ten weeks. At postnatal week 13, SL rats with 1% or 2% CUR supplementation had lower body weight and less WAT gain and had an increased lean mass ratio, and their glucose tolerance and blood lipid levels had recovered to normal when compared to SL rats that did not receive the supplement. Moreover, the increased heat generation were consistent with the expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and other browning-related genes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of the SL2% CUR rats but not in the SL1% CUR rats. In addition, 2% CUR dietary supplementation enhanced the serum norepinephrine levels in SL rats, with upregulated mRNA levels of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) in SAT. Conclusion Dietary CUR supplementation attenuates body fat gain and metabolic disorders in SL, which might be induced by promoting browning of SAT and energy expenditure. Moreover, the benefits were more obvious in SL with 2% CUR supplementation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00625-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Susu Du
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinhui Yan
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiting Min
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Pediatric Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers' Levels in Obese Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1606-1622. [PMID: 34698104 PMCID: PMC8929128 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of research suggesting a possible beneficial impact of vitamin D on systemic inflammatory response, the authors decided to investigate an influence of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of certain inflammatory markers in obese patients. The current study included such biomarkers as interleukin-6 (IL-6), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C-X3-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CX3CL1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and nitric oxide (NO). The measurements were performed with the ELISA method before and after 3-month-long supplementation of 2000 IU of vitamin D orally. The results showed that the therapy did not induce any statistically significant changes in serum levels of MCP-1, IL-6, CX3CL1, and PACAP. The supplementation was related to a significant increase in measurements of NO and AOPP levels, although the correlation analysis between vitamin D concentration after its supplementation and the concentration of the molecular parameters did not show significant relation. In conclusion, our study seems to contradict certain aspects of findings available in the literature regarding the vitamin D’s impact.
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Sun A, Hu X, Chen H, Ma Y, Yan X, Peng D, Ping J, Yan Y. Ursolic acid induces white adipose tissue beiging in high-fat-diet obese male mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:6490-6501. [PMID: 34079975 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) shows an effect on obesity and related metabolic diseases, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. We found that UA clearly reduced the body weight and adipose tissue mass and improved the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese male mice. UA treatment significantly reduced the volume and weights of the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (igSWAT) of HFD-fed mice, respectively. UA also decreased the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis in igSWAT. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of beiging-related genes 4-1BB factor (CD137), T-box transcription factor 1 (TBX1), and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26) were significantly increased in the UA treatment group. UA treatment significantly reduced the weight of gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and lipid droplets in the GM. UA treatment significantly upregulated the expression of PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in GM and igSWAT. UA also stimulated irisin secretion in the serum. In conclusion, these results indicate that UA plays an anti-obesogenic role by increasing the secretion of irisin and promoting the beiging of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Lizcano F, Arroyave F. Control of Adipose Cell Browning and Its Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110471. [PMID: 33227979 PMCID: PMC7699191 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ in humans and has an important influence on many physiological processes throughout life. An increasing number of studies have described the different phenotypic characteristics of fat cells in adults. Perhaps one of the most important properties of fat cells is their ability to adapt to different environmental and nutritional conditions. Hypothalamic neural circuits receive peripheral signals from temperature, physical activity or nutrients and stimulate the metabolism of white fat cells. During this process, changes in lipid inclusion occur, and the number of mitochondria increases, giving these cells functional properties similar to those of brown fat cells. Recently, beige fat cells have been studied for their potential role in the regulation of obesity and insulin resistance. In this context, it is important to understand the embryonic origin of beige adipocytes, the response of adipocyte to environmental changes or modifications within the body and their ability to transdifferentiate to elucidate the roles of these cells for their potential use in therapeutic strategies for obesity and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the origins of the different fat cells and the possible therapeutic properties of beige fat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Investigation, (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, 250008 Chia, Colombia
- Correspondence:
| | - Felipe Arroyave
- Doctoral Program in Biociencias, Universidad de La Sabana, 250008 Chia, Colombia
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Li Y, Liu W, Xu ZZ, Xiao JX, Zong AZ, Qiu B, Jia M, Liu LN, Xu TC. Research on the mechanism of microwave-toughened starch on glucolipid metabolism in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:9789-9800. [PMID: 33079126 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Potato resistant starch (RS) was prepared by microwave-toughening treatment (MTT). This study investigated the beneficial effects of RS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6J mice by evaluating changes in the gut microbiota. The mice were fed low-fat diet with corn starch, HFD with corn starch, HFD with potato starch (HFP), or HFD with RS (HFR) for 6 weeks. The results showed that the HFR group had lower body weight and total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the HFP group. Moreover, the brown adipose tissue levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were increased. Our results showed that RS supplementation increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing Allobaculum, Ruminococcus, and Blautia. Our data suggest that RS prepared by MTT may be used as a prebiotic agent to prevent gut dysbiosis and obesity-related chronic diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdong Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
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Aragón D, Rivera MF, Lizcano F. Papel de la célula grasa en el riesgo cardiovascular. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kalupahana NS, Goonapienuwala BL, Moustaid-Moussa N. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue: Inflammation and Browning. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:25-49. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Changes to mass and function of these tissues impact glucose homeostasis and whole-body energy balance during development of obesity, weight loss, and subsequent weight regain. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), which have known hypotriglyceridemic and cardioprotective effects, can also impact WAT and BAT function. In rodent models, these fatty acids alleviate obesity-associated WAT inflammation, improve energy metabolism, and increase thermogenic markers in BAT. Emerging evidence suggests that ω-3 PUFAs can also modulate gut microbiota impacting WAT function and adiposity. This review discusses molecular mechanisms, implications of these findings, translation to humans, and future work, especially with reference to the potential of these fatty acids in weight loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Bimba Lakmini Goonapienuwala
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
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Arai C, Arai N, Arai S, Yoshizane C, Miyata S, Mizote A, Suyama A, Endo S, Ariyasu T, Mitsuzumi H, Ushio S. Continuous intake of Trehalose induces white adipose tissue Browning and Enhances energy metabolism. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:45. [PMID: 31346340 PMCID: PMC6636151 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trehalose is well known as a functional disaccharide with anti-metabolic activities such as suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy in mice and alleviation of impaired glucose tolerance in humans. Recently, a new type of adipocyte beige cells, involved in so-called white adipocyte tissue (WAT) browning, has received much attention as a target for adaptive thermogenesis. To clarify the relationship between adipocyte hypertrophy suppression and beige cells involved in thermogenesis, we examined the effect of trehalose on the changes in beige adipocytes in mice under normal dietary conditions. Methods Mice fed a normal diet were administered water containing 0.3% (W/V) trehalose for 16 weeks, 0.3% (W/V) maltose, or water without saccharide (controls). Body temperature and non-fasting blood glucose levels were measured every 3 weeks. After 16 weeks of these treatments, mesenteric and inguinal adipose tissues were collected for measuring adipocyte size, counting the number of UCP1 positive cells by image analysis, and preparing mRNA to analyze beige adipocyte-related gene expression. Results Mice administered a continuous intake of trehalose exhibited a thermogenic ability as represented by an increase in rectal temperature, which was maintained at a relatively high level from 3 to 9 weeks and was significantly higher at 15 weeks in comparison with that of the maltose group. In addition to the reduced hypertrophy of mesenteric and inguinal adipose tissues, the trehalose group showed a significant increase in the rates of beige adipocytes in each WAT in comparison with those of the maltose and the water groups. Interestingly, a negative correlation was found between the mean cell sizes of adipocytes and the rates of beige adipocytes in the WAT. Furthermore, real-time PCR showed that the expression of Cidea and Ucp1 mRNAs, which are markers for beige adipocytes in the inguinal adipose tissue, increased in the trehalose group. Conclusions Continuous administration of trehalose to mice fed a normal diet induced WAT browning accompanied by suppression of white adipocyte hypertrophy, elevated body temperature and decreased blood glucose levels, which resulted in enhancement of energy metabolism. Therefore, we propose trehalose as a new type of thermogenic dietary component to prevent obesity by promoting WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Arai
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Norie Arai
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Arai
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Chiyo Yoshizane
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Satomi Miyata
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Akiko Mizote
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Aki Suyama
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Shin Endo
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Toshio Ariyasu
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mitsuzumi
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
| | - Shimpei Ushio
- HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD, 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006 Japan
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Lu SF, Tang YX, Zhang T, Fu SP, Hong H, Cheng Y, Xu HX, Jing XY, Yu ML, Zhu BM. Electroacupuncture Reduces Body Weight by Regulating Fat Browning-Related Proteins of Adipose Tissue in HFD-Induced Obese Mice. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:353. [PMID: 31244685 PMCID: PMC6580183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the influence of electroacupuncture (EA) and its potential underlying mechanisms on adipose tissue in obese mice. Methods: Three-week-old male C56BL/6 mice were randomly divided to feed or not to feed high-fat diet (HFD), named HFD group and chow diet (CD) group, respectively. After 12 weeks, CD and HFD mice were randomly divided into two groups, respectively, to receive or not receive EA for 4 weeks. Body weight (BW) was monitored. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and metabolic chamber recordings were performed. Blood samples and adipose tissue were collected for the analysis of leptin, triglyceride levels, and fat browning-related proteins. Results: EA significantly reduced food intake, BW, and white adipose tissue (WAT)/BW ratio; decreased the adipocyte size and serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol; and increased oxygen consumption in HFD mice. Compared with the CD mice, the HFD mice had elevated fasting serum glucose level and impaired glucose tolerance; however, these parameters were decreased by EA treatment. Meanwhile, EA promoted the protein and mRNA expressions of UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α in adipose tissue, and activated sympathetic nerves via p-TH, A2AR, and β3AR in white adipose tissue. Conclusions: EA reduced food intake, BW, TG, and cholesterol, and improved glucose tolerance in HFD mice. This ameliorative effect of EA on obesity-related symptoms associated with its promoted adipose tissue plasticity via activating sympathetic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Xia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Huai'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaian, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hou-Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Yue Jing
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Mei Zhu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sripetchwandee J, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Links Between Obesity-Induced Brain Insulin Resistance, Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Dementia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:496. [PMID: 30233495 PMCID: PMC6127253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that obesity and associated metabolic changes are considered a risk factor to age-associated cognitive decline. Inflammation and increased oxidative stress in peripheral areas, following obesity, are patently the major contributory factors to the degree of the severity of brain insulin resistance as well as the progression of cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the alterations in brain mitochondria, including both functional and morphological changes, occurred following obesity. Several studies also suggested that brain mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of underlying mechanism contributing to brain insulin resistance and cognitive impairment in the obese condition. Thus, this review aimed to comprehensively summarize and discuss the current evidence from various in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies that are associated with obesity, brain insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and cognition. Contradictory findings and the mechanistic insights about the roles of obesity, brain insulin resistance, and brain mitochondrial dysfunction on cognition are also presented and discussed. In addition, the potential therapies for obese-insulin resistance are reported as the therapeutic strategies which exert the neuroprotective effects in the obese-insulin resistant condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Siriporn C. Chattipakorn ;
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12
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Abstract
Adipose tissue not only has an important role in the storage of excess nutrients but also senses nutrient status and regulates energy mobilization. An overall positive energy balance is associated with overnutrition and leads to excessive accumulation of fat in adipocytes. These cells respond by initiating an inflammatory response that, although maladaptive in the long run, might initially be a physiological response to the stresses obesity places on adipose tissue. In this Review, we characterize adipose tissue inflammation and review the current knowledge of what triggers obesity-associated inflammation in adipose tissue. We examine the connection between adipose tissue inflammation and the development of insulin resistance and catecholamine resistance and discuss the ensuing state of metabolic inflexibility. Finally, we review the current and potential new anti-inflammatory treatments for obesity-associated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Reilly
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Nawaz A, Aminuddin A, Kado T, Takikawa A, Yamamoto S, Tsuneyama K, Igarashi Y, Ikutani M, Nishida Y, Nagai Y, Takatsu K, Imura J, Sasahara M, Okazaki Y, Ueki K, Okamura T, Tokuyama K, Ando A, Matsumoto M, Mori H, Nakagawa T, Kobayashi N, Saeki K, Usui I, Fujisaka S, Tobe K. CD206 + M2-like macrophages regulate systemic glucose metabolism by inhibiting proliferation of adipocyte progenitors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:286. [PMID: 28819169 PMCID: PMC5561263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue resident macrophages have important roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and regulate insulin sensitivity for example by secreting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that M2-like macrophages in adipose tissue regulate systemic glucose homeostasis by inhibiting adipocyte progenitor proliferation via the CD206/TGFβ signaling pathway. We show that adipose tissue CD206+ cells are primarily M2-like macrophages, and ablation of CD206+ M2-like macrophages improves systemic insulin sensitivity, which was associated with an increased number of smaller adipocytes. Mice genetically engineered to have reduced numbers of CD206+ M2-like macrophages show a down-regulation of TGFβ signaling in adipose tissue, together with up-regulated proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors. Our findings indicate that CD206+ M2-like macrophages in adipose tissues create a microenvironment that inhibits growth and differentiation of adipocyte progenitors and, thereby, control adiposity and systemic insulin sensitivity.Adipose tissue contains macrophages that can influence both local and systemic metabolism via the secretion of cytokines. Here, Nawaz et al. report that M2-like macrophages, present in adipose tissue, create a microenvironment that inhibits proliferation of adipocyte progenitors due to the secretion of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Aminuddin Aminuddin
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Tomonobu Kado
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Igarashi
- Division of Kampo Diagnostics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikutani
- Department of Immune Regulation, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, 17-1 Nakataikouyama, Imiz-shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sasahara
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okazaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.,Section of Animal Models, Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Ando
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Michihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Metabolic Regulation, Diabetes Research Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Disease Control, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saeki
- Department of Disease Control, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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14
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Wang C, Liang X, Tao C, Yao X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li K. Induction of copper and iron in acute cold-stimulated brown adipose tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:496-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Diaz-Castro J, Moreno-Fernandez J, Pulido-Moran M, Alférez MJM, Robles-Rebollo M, Ochoa JJ, López-Aliaga I. Changes in Adiposity and Body Composition during Anemia Recovery with Goat or Cow Fermented Milks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4057-4065. [PMID: 28475318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To date, no studies are available about adipose tissue modifications during anemia recovery; therefore, the aim of this study is to provide detailed information about adipose tissue homeostasis during anemia recovery with fermented milks. Forty male Wistar rats were placed on a pre-experimental period of 40 days, divided in two groups (normal-Fe diet and Fe-deficient diet). Then rats were fed fermented goat or cow milk-based diets with normal-Fe content during 30 days. Ghrelin and adiponectin decreased in both groups of animals fed fermented goat milk, whereas leptin and NEFA increased. UCP-1 decreased in anemic rats fed either fermented milk, and irisin greatly increased in both groups of animals fed fermented goat milk. Fermented goat milk reduces adiposity, inducing leptin elevation and ghrelin reduction. Conversely, plasma adiponectin concentrations decreased in animals fed fermented goat milk, showing an inverse correlation with NEFA, an important marker of lipid mobilization, indicating increased lipolysis. Irisin up-regulation in animals fed fermented goat milk contributes to a favorable metabolic profile and the browning of adipose tissue during anemia recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Pulido-Moran
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - María J M Alférez
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - María Robles-Rebollo
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Aliaga
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada , Granada, Spain
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16
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Molecular connections of obesity and aging: a focus on adipose protein 53 and retinoblastoma protein. Biogerontology 2017; 18:321-332. [PMID: 28357524 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an induced health problem that human beings have been facing with non-optimal treatment so far. Humans are on average getting fatter with age, and obesity and aging interact each other to shorten lifetime and decrease life quality. Obesity also causes several aging related-disorders such as cancer, strokes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. So, the molecular connections between aging and obesity are promising targets for bio-medical researches and innovative therapies of many health problems. In this review, we discuss the findings of adipose p53 and Rb-two central molecular linkages between aging and obesity-on lipid metabolism and obesity.
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17
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Pardo F, Villalobos-Labra R, Chiarello DI, Salsoso R, Toledo F, Gutierrez J, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Molecular implications of adenosine in obesity. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:90-101. [PMID: 28104382 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine has broad activities in organisms due to the existence of multiple receptors, the differential adenosine concentrations necessary to activate these receptors and the presence of proteins able to synthetize, degrade or transport this nucleoside. All adenosine receptors have been reported to be involved in glucose homeostasis, inflammation, adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and thermogenesis, indicating that adenosine could participate in the process of obesity. Since adenosine seems to be associated with several effects, it is plausible that adenosine participates in the initiation and development of obesity or may function to prevent it. Thus, the purpose of this review was to explore the involvement of adenosine in adipogenesis, insulin resistance and thermogenesis, with the aim of understanding how adenosine could be used to avoid, treat or improve the metabolic state of obesity. Treatment with specific agonists and/or antagonists of adenosine receptors could reverse the obesity state, since adenosine receptors normalizes several mechanisms involved in obesity, such as lipolysis, insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis. Furthermore, obesity is a preventable state, and the specific activation of adenosine receptors could aid in the prevention of obesity. Nevertheless, for the treatment of obesity and its consequences, more studies and therapeutic strategies in addition to adenosine are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Pardo
- Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Center of Research, Development and Innovation in Health - Aconcagua Valley, San Felipe Campus, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, 2172972 San Felipe, Chile; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Delia I Chiarello
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutierrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Cellular Signaling Differentiation and Regeneration Laboratory, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Zhang G, Yu P, Liu X. Swim Training Attenuates Inflammation and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:5940732. [PMID: 29081799 PMCID: PMC5610813 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5940732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise could afford multiple beneficial effects on obesity-related metabolic disorders. To address this issue, C57BL/6J mice were used to investigate the effects of 13 weeks of swim training on HFD-induced obesity and related insulin resistance and inflammation. Our results show that swim training can significantly prevent HFD-induced weight gain and increase resting energy expenditure without affecting food intake. The insulin sensitivity was enhanced in the HFD + swim group than in the HFD + sedentary group. Moreover, swim training considerably decreased serum LPS content and downregulates epididymis white adipose tissue (eWAT) expression of the inflammatory mediator Tnf-α, Il-6, and Mcp-1. In summary, 13 weeks of swim training could reverse HFD-induced metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzeng Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
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19
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Vargas D, Camacho J, Duque J, Carreño M, Acero E, Pérez M, Ramirez S, Umaña J, Obando C, Guerrero A, Sandoval N, Rodríguez G, Lizcano F. Functional Characterization of Preadipocytes Derived from Human Periaortic Adipose Tissue. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:2945012. [PMID: 29209367 PMCID: PMC5676446 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2945012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue can affect the metabolic control of the cardiovascular system, and its anatomic location can affect the vascular function differently. In this study, biochemical and phenotypical characteristics of adipose tissue from periaortic fat were evaluated. Periaortic and subcutaneous adipose tissues were obtained from areas surrounding the ascending aorta and sternotomy incision, respectively. Adipose tissues were collected from patients undergoing myocardial revascularization or mitral valve replacement surgery. Morphological studies with hematoxylin/eosin and immunohistochemical assay were performed in situ to quantify adipokine expression. To analyze adipogenic capacity, adipokine expression, and the levels of thermogenic proteins, adipocyte precursor cells were isolated from periaortic and subcutaneous adipose tissues and induced to differentiation. The precursors of adipocytes from the periaortic tissue accumulated less triglycerides than those from the subcutaneous tissue after differentiation and were smaller than those from subcutaneous adipose tissue. The levels of proteins involved in thermogenesis and energy expenditure increased significantly in periaortic adipose tissue. Additionally, the expression levels of adipokines that affect carbohydrate metabolism, such as FGF21, increased significantly in mature adipocytes induced from periaortic adipose tissue. These results demonstrate that precursors of periaortic adipose tissue in humans may affect cardiovascular events and might serve as a target for preventing vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vargas
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Colombia
| | - Jaime Camacho
- Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Juan Duque
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Colombia
| | - Marisol Carreño
- Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Edward Acero
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Colombia
| | - Máximo Pérez
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Colombia
| | - Sergio Ramirez
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Colombia
| | - Juan Umaña
- Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carlos Obando
- Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Albert Guerrero
- Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Néstor Sandoval
- Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Gina Rodríguez
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Colombia
| | - Fernando Lizcano
- Center of Biomedical Investigation Universidad de La Sabana (CIBUS), Chía, Colombia
- Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogota, Colombia
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