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Xiong Z, Ma P, Zhang H, Liu C, Liu B, Liu Z, Yan S. Placebo response to sham electroacupuncture in patients with chronic functional constipation: A secondary analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14770. [PMID: 38361038 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic severe functional constipation is a common disease that requires novel and effective treatment strategies. Acupuncture might constitute a promising therapeutic approach for chronic constipation, but it reportedly engenders an enhanced placebo response. Herein, we aimed to determine the magnitude of the placebo responses to electroacupuncture for constipation and identify its influencing factors. METHODS In this secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial, patients were randomized to a sham electroacupuncture group, which was administered for 8 weeks in 24 sessions of superficial needling at nonacupoints. The placebo response rates were assessed using three responder criteria: ≥3 complete spontaneous bowel movements per week (CSBMs/week), overall CSBM, and sustained CSBM. Logistic regression with backward selection method was employed to identify the potential factors that affected the placebo response. KEY RESULTS Overall, 539 patients were included in the study. The placebo response rate was 10.58%, 9.46%, and 9.09% according to the three aforementioned criteria, respectively. Those who exhibited more CSBMs/week at baseline were more likely to respond to sham electroacupuncture. Among patients with more than one CSBM per week at baseline, the response rates for achieving the criteria of ≥3 CSBMs per week, overall CSBM, and sustained CSBM were 25.40%, 30.16%, and 22.22%. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCE Electroacupuncture did not demonstrate a large placebo response in functional constipation treatment. The number of CSBMs at baseline may be a moderator of the placebo response to sham electroacupuncture. Thus, superficial needling sham acupuncture may be considered an ideal sham control for clinical trials of chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Xiong
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peihong Ma
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- College of Preschool Education, Beijing Youth Politics College, Beijing, China
| | - Cunzhi Liu
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyan Liu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishun Liu
- Department of Acupuncture, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyan Yan
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Alam MJ, Chen JDZ. Non-invasive neuromodulation: an emerging intervention for visceral pain in gastrointestinal disorders. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:27. [PMID: 37990288 PMCID: PMC10664460 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, which extend from the esophagus to the anus, are the most common diseases of the GI tract. Among these disorders, pain, encompassing both abdominal and visceral pain, is a predominant feature, affecting the patients' quality of life and imposing a substantial financial burden on society. Pain signals originating from the gut intricately shape brain dynamics. In response, the brain sends appropriate descending signals to respond to pain through neuronal inhibition. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease and its limited pathophysiological understanding, treatment options are minimal and often controversial. Consequently, many patients with GI disorders use complementary and alternative therapies such as neuromodulation to treat visceral pain. Neuromodulation intervenes in the central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system by alternating or modulating nerve activity using electrical, electromagnetic, chemical, or optogenetic methodologies. Here, we review a few emerging noninvasive neuromodulation approaches with promising potential for alleviating pain associated with functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and non-cardiac chest pain. Moreover, we address critical aspects, including the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of these noninvasive neuromodulation methods, elucidate their mechanisms of action, and outline future research directions. In conclusion, the emerging field of noninvasive neuromodulation appears as a viable alternative therapeutic avenue for effectively managing visceral pain in GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jahangir Alam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Wu X, Zhou Y, Chen G, Zheng C, Dong H, Xiong F, Zhang M, Huang G, Xu X. Effect of Electroacupuncture with Different Current Intensities on the Serum Metabolomics of Functional Constipation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9693390. [PMID: 37496821 PMCID: PMC10368503 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9693390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the serum metabolomics of electroacupuncture (EA) with different current intensities in the treatment of functional constipation (FC). Methods The total number of FC patients was 19, (7, 6, 6, in the low current intensity group (LCI), high current intensity group (HCI), and mosapride citrate tablet control group (MC), respectively). Patients in the EA groups received 16 sessions of acupuncture treatments. Patients in the MC group were orally administered 5 mg mosapride citrate tablets 3 times daily, and serum samples were collected from the patients before and after treatment. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to assess the metabolic data. The significant differences before and after FC treatment are shown in the OPLS-DA score plot. Variable importance plots (VIPs) and T tests were used to identify significant metabolites. Results Among the three groups, the number of metabolites with VIP > 1 was 11, 7, and 21 (in LCI, HCI and MC groups, respectively). Compared with those before treatment, the serum metabolites of patients were characterized by increased levels of L-ornithine (p < 0.05) and glyceric acid in the LCI group (p < 0.05), increased levels of vanillic acid in the MC group (p < 0.05), and decreased levels of arabinonic acid in the MC group (p < 0.05). Conclusions The effects of EA treatment on the serum metabolomics of FC may involve fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - CuiHong Zheng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Haoxu Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fan Xiong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guangyin Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaohu Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Zeng Y, Chen F. Efficacy of Electroacupuncture Compared With Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation for Severe Chronic Constipation: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 2022; 56:875-880. [PMID: 34907924 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To treat severe chronic constipation, both electroacupuncture (EA) therapy and transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) are safe and effective, but there is a lack of comparison between the 2 treatments. We sought to compare the therapeutic effect of EA relative to TES for the treatment of severe chronic constipation. METHODS We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial. Seventy participants with severe chronic constipation were randomly allocated to the EA group or TES group. The acupoints in both groups are bilateral Tianshu (stomach 25), Fujie (spleen 14), and Shangjuxu (stomach 37). Each participant received 24 sessions of EA or TES during the treatment period of 8 weeks. Outcome measures were the proportion of participants with an increase from baseline of 1 or more complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) at week 8 and changes in the number of CSBMs and spontaneous bowel movements, stool character, difficulty in defecation, Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL); the proportion of participants using rescue medicine and adverse reactions. Participants were followed for 24 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS Sixty of the 70 eligible participants completed the whole trial, 32 participants (91.43%) in the EA group and 28 participants (80.00%) in the TES group. There were 10 participants (14.29%) who dropped out during the whole study, 3 (8.57%) in the EA group, and 7 (20.00%) in the TES group. At weeks 20 and 32, 22 of 32 (68.75%) and 19 of 32 (59.38%) in the EA group met the clinical outcome of an increase of 1 or more CSBMs from the baseline, compared with 10 of 28 (35.71%) and 9 of 28 (32.14%) in the TES group ( P =0.019 and 0.042, respectively). At the same time, the proportions of participants having 3 or more CSBMs per week were 18 of 32 (56.25%) and 15 of 32 (46.88%) in the EA group, respectively, compared with 6 of 28 (21.43%) and 5 of 28 (17.86%) in the TES group ( P =0.008 and 0.027, respectively). Statistical differences between the 2 groups were maintained in the change from baseline in CSBMs during the follow-up period ( P =0.007 and 0.013, at week 20 and 32, respectively) and in the change from baseline in spontaneous bowel movements at week 20 ( P =0.007). Statistical significance was also observed in the decrease of PAC-QOL score after 8 weeks of treatment (mean±SD, EA: 19.06±14.41 vs. TES: 12.48±9.13, P =0.031). No significant difference was noted between the 2 groups in defecation difficulty, stool character, and the use of rescue medicine. CONCLUSIONS For the treatment of severe chronic constipation, EA performed better than TES in long-term follow-up and improving the quality of life. TES could be a better choice for patients with severe chronic constipation who are afraid of acupuncture because it is noninvasive. Well-designed and more rigorous clinical trials with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zeng
- Department of Acupuncture, Wangjing Hospital, China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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The Effect of Electroacupuncture Treatment with Different Intensities for Functional Diarrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2564979. [PMID: 35027932 PMCID: PMC8752238 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2564979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Electroacupuncture (EA) may have a role in the treatment of diarrhea symptoms. However, the efficacy and safety of EA with different current intensities in improving gastrointestinal function, psychology, and quality of life (QOL) of functional diarrhea (FD) remain unknown. Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of EA with different current intensities in improving gastrointestinal function, psychology, and QOL for FD patients. Methods 73 FD patients were randomly divided into three groups: low current intensity group (LI) of EA, high current intensity group (HI) of EA, and loperamide control group (LC). Four weeks of treatment were provided in the three groups. The primary outcome was the proportion of normal defecation. Additional outcomes included the change from baseline for the weekly spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) and the change from baseline for the mean Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). QOL was assessed by the 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to assess the psychology state. Results Low current intensity of EA significantly improved the proportion of normal defecation during treatment and follow-up period (P < 0.01). EA significantly improves the mean BSFS scores and weekly SBMs, and this efficacy is equivalent to loperamide (P < 0.05). The SF-36 scores of general health in LI and HI groups and vitality and mental health in LI group were significantly increased compared to baseline (P < 0.05). Low current intensity of EA can significantly improve SAS and SDS scores (P < 0.05). Conclusions EA significantly improved stool consistency and weekly SBMs in FD patients. Compared with loperamide, low current intensity of EA may have a better sustainable effect in restoring normal defecation in patients with FD, and it can also effectively improve QOL, anxiety, and depression. However, larger sample sizes are needed to determine safety and efficacy. Trial registration number: NCT01274793.
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Wang X, Wang H, Guan Y, Cai R, Shen G. Acupuncture for functional gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3015-3026. [PMID: 34342044 PMCID: PMC9292355 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatments (AT) on functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is contentious. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for FGIDs. METHODS The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PUBMED, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP Database were searched through December 31, 2019 with no language restrictions. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to determine the improvement in symptom severity after treatment. RESULTS A total of 61 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on FGIDs were included. The pooled results illustrated the following: compared to pharmacotherapy (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09-1.17), placebo acupuncture (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.37-2.08), no specific treatment (RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.31-2.62), and AT as an adjuvant intervention to other active treatments (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.21-1.30), AT had more favorable improvements in symptom severity; sub-group analysis results classified according to functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional constipation also supported this finding; and the incidence of adverse events was lower in AT than in other treatments (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56-0.99). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found that AT was significantly associated with relief of FGIDs symptoms; however, the evidence level was moderate or low. Further data from rigorously designed and well powered RCTs are needed to verify the effectiveness and safety of AT as a FGIDs treatment. PROSPERO PROTOCOL NUMBER CRD42020169508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐yang Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina
| | - Yuan‐yuan Guan
- Department Acupuncture and RehabilitationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina
| | - Rong‐lin Cai
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and MoxibustionAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina
| | - Guo‐ming Shen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina
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Li N, Wang R, Ai X, Guo X, Liu J, Wang D, Sun L, Zhang R. Effect of electroacupuncture treatment on functional constipation in adults: A protocol for systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24870. [PMID: 33725843 PMCID: PMC7969303 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture has been widely used to treat functional constipation. But its efficiency has not been scientifically and methodically evaluated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and safety of the electroacupuncture treatment for functional constipation in adults. METHODS This protocol of systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will conduct the literature searching in the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Springer, the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP). The time limit for retrieving studies is from establishment to July 2020 for each database. All published randomized controlled trials (RTCs) related to this review will be included. Review Manager (V.5.3.5) will be implemented for the assessment of bias risk and data analyses. The selection of the studies, data abstraction, and validations will be performed independently by 2 researchers. RESULTS This review will assess the clinical efficacy and safety, as well as the acupoints characteristics of electroacupuncture on functional constipation (FC) in adults. CONCLUSION This review will summarize the current evidence of electroacupuncture on FC outcomes and provide guidance for clinicians and patients to select electroacupuncture for FC in adults. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER This protocol of systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO website (No. CRD42019146715).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruihui Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Ai
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinrong Guo
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongchao Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Ginex PK, Hanson BJ, LeFebvre KB, Lin Y, Moriarty KA, Maloney C, Vrabel M, Morgan RL. Management of Opioid-Induced and Non-Opioid-Related Constipation in Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Oncol Nurs Forum 2020; 47:E211-E224. [PMID: 33063777 DOI: 10.1188/20.onf.e211-e224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to inform the development of national clinical practice guidelines on the management of cancer constipation. LITERATURE SEARCH PubMed®, Wiley Cochrane Library, and CINAHL® were searched for studies published from May 2009 to May 2019. DATA EVALUATION Two investigators independently reviewed and extracted data from eligible studies. The Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool was used, and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach was used to assess the certainty of the evidence. SYNTHESIS For patients with cancer and opioid-induced constipation, moderate benefit was found for osmotic or stimulant laxatives; small benefit was found for methylnaltrexone, naldemedine, and electroacupuncture. For patients with cancer and non-opioid-related constipation, moderate benefit was found for naloxegol, prucalopride, lubiprostone, and linaclotide; trivial benefit was found for acupuncture. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Effective strategies for managing opioid-induced and non-opioid-related constipation in patients with cancer include lifestyle, pharmacologic, and complementary approaches. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL CAN BE FOUND AT&NBSP;HTTPS //bit.ly/3c4yewT.
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Rogers B, Ginex PK, Anbari A, Hanson BJ, LeFebvre KB, Lopez R, Thorpe DM, Wolles B, Moriarty KA, Maloney C, Vrabel M, Morgan RL. ONS Guidelines™ for Opioid-Induced and Non-Opioid-Related Cancer Constipation. Oncol Nurs Forum 2020; 47:671-691. [PMID: 33063786 DOI: 10.1188/20.onf.671-691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This evidence-based guideline intends to support clinicians, patients, and others in decisions regarding the treatment of constipation in patients with cancer. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH An interprofessional panel of healthcare professionals with patient representation prioritized clinical questions and patient outcomes for the management of cancer-related constipation. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach was used to assess the evidence and make recommendations. FINDINGS The panel agreed on 13 recommendations for the management of opioid-induced and non-opioid-related constipation in patients with cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The panel conditionally recommended a bowel regimen in addition to lifestyle education as first-line treatment for constipation. For patients starting opioids, the panel suggests a bowel regimen as prophylaxis. Pharmaceutical interventions are available and recommended if a bowel regimen has failed. Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for non-opioid-related constipation are recommended in the context of a clinical trial. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL CAN BE FOUND AT&NBSP;HTTPS //bit.ly/30y29sI.
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Wang L, Xu M, Zheng Q, Zhang W, Li Y. The Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Management of Functional Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:6137450. [PMID: 32655664 PMCID: PMC7317618 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6137450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for functional constipation (FC). METHODS A rigorous literature search was performed in English (PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical (CBM), Wanfang database, and China Science and Technology Journal (VIP)) electronic databases from their inception to October 2019. Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared acupuncture therapy with sham acupuncture or pharmacological therapies. The outcome measures were evaluated, including the primary outcome of complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) and secondary outcomes of Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), constipation symptoms scores (CSS), responder rate, the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire, and safety evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan5.3. RESULTS The merged data of 28 RCTs with 3525 participants indicated that acupuncture may be efficient for FC by increasing CSBMs (p < 0.00001; MD = 0.84 [95% CI, 0.65 to 1.03]; I 2 = 0%) and improving constipation symptoms (p=0.03; SMD = -0.4 [95% CI, -0.78 to -0.03]; I 2 = 74%), stool formation (p < 0.00001; MD = 0.24 [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.34]; I 2 = 0%), quality of life (p < 0.00001; N = 1, MD = -0.33 [95% CI, -0.45 to -0.21]), and responder rates (p=0.02; RR = 2.16; [95% CI, 1.1 to 4.24]; I 2 = 69%) compared with the effects of sham treatment. No increased risk of adverse events was observed (p=0.44; RR = 1.18; [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.81]; I 2 = 0%). With regard to medication comparisons, the pooled data indicated that acupuncture was more effective in increasing CSBMs (p=0.004; MD = 0.53 [95% CI, 0.17 to 0.88]; I 2 = 88%) and improving patients' quality of life (p < 0.00001; SMD = -0.73 [95% CI, -1.02 to -0.44]; I 2 = 64%), with high heterogeneity. However, there were no significant differences in responder rate (p=0.12; RR = 1.31; [95% CI, 0.94 to 1.82]; I 2 = 53%), BSFS (p=0.5; MD = 0.17 [95% CI, -0.33 to 0.68]; I 2 = 93%), or CSS (p=0.05; SMD = -0.62 [95% CI, -1.23 to -0.01]; I 2 = 89%). Regarding safety evaluation, acupuncture was safer than medications (p < 0.0001; RR = 0.3; [95% CI, 0.18 to 0.52]; I 2 = 30%). CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that acupuncture is an efficient and safe treatment for FC. Acupuncture increased stool frequency, improved stool formation, alleviated constipation symptoms, and improved quality of life. However, the evidence quality was relatively low and the relationship between acupuncture and drugs is not clear. More high-quality trials are recommended in the future. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019143347.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Acupuncture–Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Mingmin Xu
- School of Acupuncture–Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qianhua Zheng
- School of Acupuncture–Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Office of Educational Administration, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Ying Li
- Graduate School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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Southwell BR. Electro‐Neuromodulation for Colonic Disorders—Review of Meta‐Analyses, Systematic Reviews, and RCTs. Neuromodulation 2020; 23:1061-1081. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget R. Southwell
- Surgical Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- Department of Urology Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Australia
- Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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Shi Q, Tan L, Liu C, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhai J. Comparative efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for chronic idiopathic constipation in China: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:311. [PMID: 31727037 PMCID: PMC6857160 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To provide evidence for medical management of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in China based on comparisons of all clinical practical interventions using Bayesian network meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang Database (inception to May 2019) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for CIC in Chinese people. Only RCTs that recruited participants aged over 18 and diagnosed with CIC by the Rome II, III or IV criteria were included. We used three outcomes to examine efficacy. The risk ratio (RR) of the responder rate, based on ≥3 spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) per week after treatment, was the primary outcome, and the SBM count per week and the Bristol score (BS) were secondary outcomes. In addition, adverse effects (AEs) were also considered a secondary outcome to evaluate safety. We conducted Bayesian network meta-analysis with random effects, and the RR or mean difference with its 95% credible interval was calculated. In addition, we ranked all treatments via their cumulative curves (SUCRA) and assessed the quality of evidence according to the GRADE criteria. RESULTS We included a total of 42 trials (6820 participants) of 20 grouped interventions that included pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. For the primary outcome, fourteen interventions were significantly better than placebo, and Probiotics plus Mosapride (PB + MP) appeared superior to others (GRADE quality of evidence: Moderate to Low), followed by Prucalopride (PP) (High to Low) and Electroacupuncture (EA) (High to Low). For SBM, Compound sodium bicarbonate suppository (CSBS) appeared to be best, with an SUCRA value of 90% (High to Low). For BS, Lactulose plus Probiotics (LT + PB) was superior to others (Moderate to Low), followed by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (High to Moderate). Although all interventions appeared non-significant when compared with placebo in terms of adverse effects, Lactulose plus Mosapride showed greater risk than others on ranking probability. CONCLUSIONS Given the GRADE assessment, PB + MP, PP and EA may be the priory options with moderate certainty in the quality of evidence for the primary outcome. For SBM, a CSBS may be the best option with moderate certainty in the quality of evidence. For BS, PEG may be the priory option with high certainty in the quality of evidence. However, due to a lack of high certainty in the quality of evidence, caution is needed when recommending the interventions. Because of the limitations, an increased number of trials are required for more accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Shi
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua south road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Lizi Tan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua south road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Chunxiang Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua south road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617 China
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua south road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua south road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617 China
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua south road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617 China
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua south road, Jinghai district, Tianjin, 301617 China
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617 China
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Wang X, Yang B, Yin J, Wei W, Chen JDZ. Electroacupuncture via chronically implanted electrodes improves gastrointestinal motility by balancing sympathovagal activities in a rat model of constipation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G797-G805. [PMID: 30920306 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported for treating constipation in clinical studies. However, little is known of the possible mechanisms involved in the prokinetic effect of EA. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying autonomic mechanisms of EA via chronically implanted electrodes for constipation in rat induced by Loperamide (Lop). Lop was given to regular rats to induce constipation. EA was performed via a pair of electrodes chronically implanted at bilateral acupoint ST-36. Feces characteristics, gastric emptying, small intestinal transit, distal colon transit time (dCTT), and whole gut transit time (WGTT) were measured in various sessions with EA or sham EA in rats with constipation induced by Lop. Heart rate variability (HRV) derived from the electrocardiogram was analyzed to evaluate autonomic functions. The number of fecal pellets was reduced by 27% with Lop (P < 0.01) and normalized by 7-day EA. Similar results were also observed in pellet weight. In normal rats compared with sham EA, EA shortened dCTT by 74% (P < 0.05 vs. sham EA), increased small intestinal transit by 28% (P < 0.01) and gastric emptying by 27% (P < 0.05), and accelerated whole gut transit by 14% (P < 0.05). In Lop-treated rats, the dCTT and WGTT were prolonged by Lop and normalized by EA. Lop significantly decreased vagal activity and increased sympathetic nerve activity; however, EA reversed these effects. EA at ST-36 via chronically implanted electrodes improves Lop-induced constipation by enhancing GI motility via the autonomic mechanisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The findings of the present study suggest that the proposed electroacupuncture (EA) may have great therapeutic potential for treating patients with opioid-induced constipation. It was demonstrated that EA at ST-36 improved transit of every organ along the gut mediated via the autonomic mechanisms in normal rats and rats with Lop-induced constipation. It is advised to administrate EA daily instead of two or three times weekly as reported in most of the clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,Second School of Clinic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Boli Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, General Hospital of Jincheng Anthracite Mining Group, Jincheng, Shanxi , China
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
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Liu Z, Ge Y, Xu F, Xu Y, Liu Y, Xia F, Lin L, Chen JDZ. Preventive effects of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation on ischemic stroke-induced constipation mediated via the autonomic pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G293-G301. [PMID: 29746169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00049.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the preventive effect and possible mechanisms of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA) on stroke-induced constipation. A total of 86 ischemic stroke patients were randomly allocated to 2-wk TEA or sham-TEA group. Bowel dairy and Bristol Stool Form Scale were recorded daily. Constipation and dyspeptic symptom assessment was performed at the end of the 14-day treatment. Electrocardiogram was recorded for the assessment of autonomic function. The correlation between autonomic function at admission and stroke severity was assessed. The univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors for stroke-induced constipation. The cumulative incidence of stroke-induced constipation was 68.2% at the acute stage. Sympathetic nerve activity at admission was positively correlated with stroke severity ( R = 0.47, P < 0.001). Sympathetic nerve activity and stroke severity were independent risk factors for stroke-induced constipation. TEA decreased cumulative incidence of stroke-induced constipation (42.9 vs. 68.2%, P = 0.029). TEA significantly increased frequency of bowel movements (4.5 vs. 5.5, P = 0.001) and spontaneous bowel movements (3.0 vs. 4.5, P = 0.003) per week. TEA decreased straining defecations (0.2 vs. 0, P < 0.001) and laxative use (1 vs. 0, P < 0.001). TEA improved stool consistency and patients' quality of life ( P < 0.05, resp.). TEA increased vagal activity ( P < 0.001 vs. baseline) and decreased sympathetic activity ( P < 0.001 vs. baseline). Ischemic stroke patients are predisposed to autonomic function imbalance. TEA was effective in the prevention of stroke-induced constipation, and the effect was possibly mediated via the autonomic function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study illustrated that the brain-gut dysfunction, primarily autonomic function imbalance, was correlated with the stroke-induced constipation. This was the first study to report that transcutaneous electrical acustimulation had a preventive effect on stroke-induced constipation, suggesting a potential novel therapy for bowel problem management. The effect was possibly mediated via the autonomic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiu Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.,Division of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yebo Ge
- Division of Neurology, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Feng Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Yuemei Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Feizhen Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University , Ningbo , China
| | - Lin Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Ningbo Pace Translational Medical Research Center, Beilun, Ningbo , China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Center for Neurogastroenterology , Baltimore, Maryland
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