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Morang S, Bisht M, Upadhyay V, Thapliyal S, Handu S. S1P Signaling Genes as Prominent Drivers of BCR-ABL1-Independent Imatinib Resistance and Six Herbal Compounds as Potential Drugs for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:367-376. [PMID: 38986084 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Imatinib (IM), a breakthrough in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment, is accompanied by discontinuation challenges owing to drug intolerance. Although BCR-ABL1 mutation is a key cause of CML resistance, understanding mechanisms independent of BCR-ABL1 is also important. This study investigated the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling-associated genes (SphK1 and S1PRs) and their role in BCR-ABL1-independent resistant CML, an area currently lacking investigation. Through comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of IM-sensitive and IM-resistant CML groups, we identified the differentially expressed genes and found a notable upregulation of SphK1, S1PR2, and S1PR5 in IM-resistant CML. Functional annotation revealed their roles in critical cellular processes such as proliferation and GPCR activity. Their network analysis uncovered significant clusters, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the S1P signaling genes. Further, we identified interactors such as BIRC3, TRAF6, and SRC genes, with potential implications for IM resistance. Additionally, receiver operator characteristic curve analysis suggested these genes' potential as biomarkers for predicting IM resistance. Network pharmacology analysis identified six herbal compounds-ampelopsin, ellagic acid, colchicine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, cucurbitacin B, and evodin-as potential drug candidates targeting the S1P signaling genes. In summary, this study contributes to efforts to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying BCR-ABL1-independent CML resistance. Moreover, the S1P signaling genes are promising therapeutic targets and plausible new innovation avenues to combat IM resistance in cancer clinical care in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Humans
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Lysophospholipids/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Female
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikha Morang
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Manisha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Vikas Upadhyay
- Department of AYUSH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | | | - Shailendra Handu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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2
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Alkafaas SS, Elsalahaty MI, Ismail DF, Radwan MA, Elkafas SS, Loutfy SA, Elshazli RM, Baazaoui N, Ahmed AE, Hafez W, Diab M, Sakran M, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Kamal HK, Hessien M. The emerging roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate and SphK1 in cancer resistance: a promising therapeutic target. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:89. [PMID: 38419070 PMCID: PMC10903003 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemoresistance is a problematic dilemma that significantly restrains numerous cancer management protocols. It can promote cancer recurrence, spreading of cancer, and finally, mortality. Accordingly, enhancing the responsiveness of cancer cells towards chemotherapies could be a vital approach to overcoming cancer chemoresistance. Tumour cells express a high level of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1), which acts as a protooncogenic factor and is responsible for the synthesis of sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P). S1P is released through a Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter to interact with other phosphosphingolipids components in the interstitial fluid in the tumor microenvironment (TME), provoking communication, progression, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Also, S1P is associated with several impacts, including anti-apoptotic behavior, metastasis, mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. Recent reports addressed high levels of S1P in several carcinomas, including ovarian, prostate, colorectal, breast, and HCC. Therefore, targeting the S1P/SphK signaling pathway is an emerging therapeutic approach to efficiently attenuate chemoresistance. In this review, we comprehensively discussed S1P functions, metabolism, transport, and signaling. Also, through a bioinformatic framework, we pointed out the alterations of SphK1 gene expression within different cancers with their impact on patient survival, and we demonstrated the protein-protein network of SphK1, elaborating its sparse roles. Furthermore, we made emphasis on different machineries of cancer resistance and the tight link with S1P. We evaluated all publicly available SphK1 inhibitors and their inhibition activity using molecular docking and how SphK1 inhibitors reduce the production of S1P and might reduce chemoresistance, an approach that might be vital in the course of cancer treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed I Elsalahaty
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Doha F Ismail
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ali Radwan
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
- Faculty of Control System and Robotics, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center, British University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Hafez
- NMC Royal Hospital, 16th Street, 35233, Khalifa, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Centre, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Mohanad Diab
- Burjeel Hospital Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Sakran
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hani K Kamal
- Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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3
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Pal P, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Frasor J. Emerging Roles of Ceramides in Breast Cancer Biology and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911178. [PMID: 36232480 PMCID: PMC9569866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the classic hallmarks of cancer is the imbalance between elevated cell proliferation and reduced cell death. Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid that can regulate this balance, has long been implicated in cancer. While the effects of ceramide on cell death and therapeutic efficacy are well established, emerging evidence indicates that ceramide turnover to downstream sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelin, hexosylceramides, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and ceramide-1-phosphate, is equally important in driving pro-tumorigenic phenotypes, such as proliferation, survival, migration, stemness, and therapy resistance. The complex and dynamic sphingolipid network has been extensively studied in several cancers, including breast cancer, to find key sphingolipidomic alterations that can be exploited to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. Here, we review how the current literature shapes our understanding of how ceramide synthesis and turnover are altered in breast cancer and how these changes offer potential strategies to improve breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purab Pal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Correspondence: (G.E.A.-G.); (J.F.)
| | - Jonna Frasor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: (G.E.A.-G.); (J.F.)
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Wu R, Sarkar J, Tokumaru Y, Takabe Y, Oshi M, Asaoka M, Yan L, Ishikawa T, Takabe K. Intratumoral lymphatic endothelial cell infiltration reflecting lymphangiogenesis is counterbalanced by immune responses and better cancer biology in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:504-520. [PMID: 35261783 PMCID: PMC8899974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis, the generation of new lymphatic vessels from existing ones, results from the dynamic interactions of lymphatic endothelial cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). It is well known that lymphangiogenesis occurs during the initial stage of metastasis in various types of malignant tumors. However, it is currently not used as a biomarker partially because gold standard method to quantify it is labor and cost intensive. We hypothesized that the quantity of intratumoral lymphatic endothelial cells (iLECs) in the TME is an indicator of lymphangiogenesis and a predictor of metastatic potential and overall survival in breast cancer. We analyzed a total of 4145 breast cancer patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE96058 by quantifying their iLECs using the xCell algorithm, and correlated these scores with patient survival, tumor grade, and cancer stage. We also assessed various pro- and anti-cancer gene sets for each tumor to characterize tumor behavior and aggressiveness. As we expected, high-iLEC breast cancer demonstrated enriched lymphoangiogenesis and angiogenesis gene sets and was associated with increased expressions of related genes. Also enriched were inflammatory response and immune response-related gene sets; IL2/STAT5 pathway, IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway, TNFα pathway, allograft rejection, and complement as well as cancer stemness related gene sets like Notch signaling, Hedgehog signaling, epithelial mesenchymal transition, and Wnt beta-catenin signaling. Tumors with high-iLEC showed higher proportions of stromal cells and fewer anti-cancer immune cells. On the other hand, iLEC score did not correlate with patient survival or lymph node metastasis. Surprisingly, breast cancers with fewer iLECs demonstrated enriched E2F Targets, G2M Checkpoint, MYC Targets v1, and MTORC1 signaling which are cancer cell proliferation-related gene sets and exhibited an abundance of pro-cancer immune cells. The amount of iLEC correlated inversely with Ki67 expression and histological grade, which is in agreement that low-iLEC breast cancer was associated with enhanced cancer cell proliferation. In conclusion, while iLECs can be used as a surrogate for lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer, low-iLEC tumors also exhibit features which correspond to aggressive tumor biology, which may explain why the amount of iLECs was not associated with patient survival in our cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Joy Sarkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
| | - Yamato Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Masanori Oshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushima, Japan
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5
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Plasma Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Levels Are Associated with Progression of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413367. [PMID: 34948163 PMCID: PMC8703495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous experiments revealed an essential role of a lipid mediator, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in breast cancer (BC) progression, the clinical significance of S1P remains unclear due to the difficulty of measuring lipids in patients. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of S1P in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC patients, as well as to investigate its clinical significance. We further explored the possibility of a treatment strategy targeting S1P in ER-positive BC patients by examining the effect of FTY720, a functional antagonist of S1P receptors, on hormone therapy-resistant cells. Plasma S1P levels were significantly higher in patients negative for progesterone receptor (PgR) expression than in those positive for expression (p = 0.003). Plasma S1P levels were also significantly higher in patients with larger tumor size (p = 0.012), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.014), and advanced cancer stage (p = 0.003), suggesting that higher levels of plasma S1P are associated with cancer progression. FTY720 suppressed the viability of not only wildtype MCF-7 cells, but also hormone therapy-resistant MCF-7 cells. Targeting S1P signaling in ER-positive BC appears to be a possible new treatment strategy, even for hormone therapy-resistant patients.
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6
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Mazzuferi G, Bacchetti T, Islam MO, Ferretti G. High density lipoproteins and oxidative stress in breast cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:143. [PMID: 34696795 PMCID: PMC8543840 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the main leading causes of women death. In recent years, attention has been focused on the role of lipoproteins, alterations of cholesterol metabolism and oxidative stress in the molecular mechanism of breast cancer. A role for high density lipoproteins (HDL) has been proposed, in fact, in addition to the role of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), HDL exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, modulate intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, signal transduction and proliferation. Low levels of HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) have been demonstrated in patients affected by breast cancer and it has been suggested that low levels of HDL-C could represent a risk factor of breast cancer. Contrasting results have been observed by other authors. Recent studies have demonstrated alterations of the activity of some enzymes associated to HDL surface such as Paraoxonase (PON1), Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) and Phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Higher levels of markers of lipid peroxidation in plasma or serum of patients have also been observed and suggest dysfunctional HDL in breast cancer patients. The review summarizes results on levels of markers of oxidative stress of plasma lipids and on alterations of enzymes associated to HDL in patients affected by breast cancer. The effects of normal and dysfunctional HDL on human breast cancer cells and molecular mechanisms potentially involved will be also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Mazzuferi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Md Obaidul Islam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Zheng H, Siddharth S, Parida S, Wu X, Sharma D. Tumor Microenvironment: Key Players in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Immunomodulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133357. [PMID: 34283088 PMCID: PMC8269090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complicated network composed of various cells, signaling molecules, and extra cellular matrix. TME plays a crucial role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunomodulation and tumor progression, paradoxically, acting as an immunosuppressive as well as immunoreactive factor. Research regarding tumor immune microenvironment has contributed to a better understanding of TNBC subtype classification. Shall we treat patients precisely according to specific subtype classification? Moving beyond traditional chemotherapy, multiple clinical trials have recently implied the potential benefits of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the paradoxical role of TME in TNBC immunomodulation, summarize the subtype classification methods for TNBC, and explore the synergistic mechanism of chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. Our study may provide a new direction for the development of combined treatment strategies for TNBC. Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and is highly related to immunomodulation. As we know, the most effective approach to treat TNBC so far is still chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can induce immunogenic cell death, release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling; therefore, it will be interesting to investigate the relationship between chemotherapy-induced TME changes and TNBC immunomodulation. In this review, we focus on the immunosuppressive and immunoreactive role of TME in TNBC immunomodulation and the contribution of TME constituents to TNBC subtype classification. Further, we also discuss the role of chemotherapy-induced TME remodeling in modulating TNBC immune response and tumor progression with emphasis on DAMPs-associated molecules including high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), exosomes, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), which may provide us with new clues to explore effective combined treatment options for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Sheetal Parida
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Dipali Sharma
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
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Nema R, Kumar A. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Catabolizing Enzymes Predict Better Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients and Correlates With Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:697922. [PMID: 34235182 PMCID: PMC8255376 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.697922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a potent sphingolipid metabolite, has been implicated in many processes that are important for breast cancer (BC). S1P signaling regulates tumorigenesis, and response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy by affecting the trafficking, differentiation or effector function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Objective: In this study, using bioinformatics tools and publicly available databases, we have analyzed the prognostic value of S1P metabolizing genes and their correlation with TIICs in BC patients. Methods: The expression of S1P metabolizing genes and receptors was evaluated by the UALCAN cancer database. The correlation between mRNA expression of S1P metabolizing genes and receptors and survival outcome of breast cancer patients was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The association between the gene expression and infiltration of immune cells in the tumors was analyzed by "Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). In silico protein expression analysis was done using the Human Protein Atlas" database. Results: TNBC patients with lower expression of S1P phosphatase 1 (SGPP1) or lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (PLPP3) have much shorter relapse-free survival than the patients with a higher expression of these genes. SGPP1 and PLPP3 expression show a strong positive correlation with tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in the TNBC subtypes. In addition, S1P receptor 4 (S1PR4), an S1P receptor exhibit a strong positive correlation with DCs, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and neutrophils in TNBC. We, therefore, conclude that low expression of SGPP1 and PLPP3 may hinder the recruitment of immune cells to the tumor environment, resulting in the blockage of cancer cell clearance and a subsequent poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
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Gong K, Jiao J, Xu C, Dong Y, Li D, He D, Zhao D, Yu J, Sun Y, Zhang W, Bai M, Duan Y. The targetable nanoparticle BAF312@cRGD-CaP-NP represses tumor growth and angiogenesis by downregulating the S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis in triple-negative breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:165. [PMID: 34059068 PMCID: PMC8167992 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpressed vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (P-STAT3) cause unrestricted tumor growth and angiogenesis of breast cancer (BRCA), especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hence, novel treatment strategy is urgently needed. Results We found sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) can regulate P-STAT3/VEGFA. Database showed S1PR1 is highly expressed in BRCA and causes the poor prognosis of patients. Interrupting the expression of S1PR1 could inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and suppress the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via affecting S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis. Siponimod (BAF312) is a selective antagonist of S1PR1, which inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in vitro by downregulating the S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis. We prepared pH-sensitive and tumor-targeted shell-core structure nanoparticles, in which hydrophilic PEG2000 modified with the cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) formed the shell, hydrophobic DSPE formed the core, and CaP (calcium and phosphate ions) was adsorbed onto the shell; the nanoparticles were used to deliver BAF312 (BAF312@cRGD-CaP-NPs). The size and potential of the nanoparticles were 109.9 ± 1.002 nm and − 10.6 ± 0.056 mV. The incorporation efficacy for BAF312 was 81.4%. Results confirmed BAF312@cRGD-CaP-NP could dramatically inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in vitro and in MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice via downregulating the S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis. Conclusions Our data suggest a potent role for BAF312@cRGD-CaP-NPs in treating BRCA, especially TNBC by downregulating the S1PR1/P-STAT3/VEGFA axis. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00904-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juyang Jiao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - De Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Min Bai
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Enhanced Thermogenesis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Is Associated with Pro-Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112559. [PMID: 34071012 PMCID: PMC8197168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cold stress induced by housing mice with a 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell implantation model at 22 °C increases tumor growth rate with a pro-tumorigenic immune microenvironment (lower CD8 +T cells, higher myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs)). Since cold stress also activates thermogenesis, we hypothesized that enhanced thermogenesis is associated with more aggressive cancer biology and unfavorable tumor microenvironment (TME) in TNBC patients. A total of 6479 breast cancer patients from METABRIC, TCGA, GSE96058, GSE20194, and GSE25066 cohorts were analyzed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) thermogenesis score. High-thermogenesis TNBC was associated with a trend towards worse survival and with angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. On the other hand, low-thermogenesis TNBC enriched most of the hallmark cell-proliferation-related gene sets (i.e., mitotic spindle, E2F targets, G2M checkpoint, MYC targets), as well as immune-related gene sets (i.e., IFN-α and IFN-γ response). Favorable cytotoxic T-cell-attracting chemokines CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were lower; while the MDSC- and Treg-attracting chemokine CXCL12 was higher. There were higher M2 but lower M1 macrophages and Tregs. In conclusion, high-thermogenesis TNBC is associated with pro-tumor immune microenvironment and may serve as biomarker for testing strategies to overcome this immunosuppression.
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Effects of Water Extract of Cynanchum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag. on Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6665949. [PMID: 34122605 PMCID: PMC8172293 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6665949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cynanchum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag. (CP) is an important medicinal herb used in Chinese herbal medicine, with a variety of biological activities including anticancer property. In this study, we explored the water extract of CP, for its anticancer effects against breast cancer cells with different mutation types. Cells were grouped as untreated (Control); CP direct treatment (dir-CP); Conditioned medium from CP treated (sup-CP), and untreated cells (sup-Control). Effects of dir-CP and sup-CP were compared to corresponding untreated cells on cytotoxicity, cell migration, and protein expression (cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and MMP-2 and 9). CP treatment showed time-dependent decrease in cell number of MDA-MB-231 and SK-Br-3 (both ER(−) PR(−)), while the decrease in cell number was not as significant in MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells (both ER(+) PR(+)). sup-CP treatment inhibited the cell migration of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 (Her2(−)) in a 24 h scratch assay. Our data suggested that ER(−) PR(−) cells are more sensitive to the CP in terms of direct cytotoxicity, which is not regulated by caspase-3. CP inhibited the migration of the two Her2(−) cells, and this correlated with MMP-2 regulation. The migration of ER(−) PR(−) cells was more sensitive to conditioned medium with CP treatment than to direct CP, and this is not regulated by MMP-2. Our data suggested that CP has anticancer potential on various breast cancer cells through different mechanisms and is specifically effective in inhibiting the migration of the triple negative MDA-MB-231. Our data provide insight into the mechanism of CP against breast cancer progression and would benefit the medical practitioners in better management with CP usage.
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12
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Wang Y, Zhong Q, Li Z, Lin Z, Chen H, Wang P. Integrated Profiling Identifies CCNA2 as a Potential Biomarker of Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2433-2448. [PMID: 33859479 PMCID: PMC8043851 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s296373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the main reason for cancer-related deaths in women and the most common malignant cancer among women. In recent years, immunosuppressive factors have become a new type of treatment for cancer. However, there are no effective biomarkers for breast cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, exploring immune-related biomarkers is presently an important topic in breast cancer. Methods Gene expression profile data of breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was downloaded. Scale-free gene co-expression networks were built with weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The correlation of genes was performed with Pearson’s correlation values. The potential associations between clinical features and gene sets were studied, and the hub genes were screened out. Gene Ontology and gene set enrichment analysis were used to reveal the function of hub gene in breast cancer. The gene expression profiles of GSE15852, downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, were used for hub gene verification. In addition, candidate biomarkers expression in breast cancer was studied. Survival analysis was performed using Log rank test and Kaplan–Meier. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of CCNA2. Results A total of 6 modules related to immune cell infiltration were identified via the average linkage hierarchical clustering. According to the threshold criteria (module membership >0.9 and gene significance >0.35), a significant module consisting of 13 genes associated with immune cells infiltration were identified as candidate hub genes after performed with the human protein interaction network. And 3 genes with high correlation to clinical traits were identified as hub genes, which were negatively associated with the overall survival. Among them, the expression of CCNA2 was increased in metastatic breast cancer compare with non-metastatic breast cancer, who underwent immunotherapy. Immunohistochemistry results showed that CCNA2 expression in carcinoma tissues was elevated compared with normal control. Discussion CCNA2 identified as a potential immune therapy marker in breast cancer, which were first reported here and deserved further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
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13
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Patel DS, Ahmad F, Abu Sneineh M, Patel RS, Rohit Reddy S, Llukmani A, Hashim A, Gordon DK. The Importance of Sphingosine Kinase in Breast Cancer: A Potential for Breast Cancer Management. Cureus 2021; 13:e13413. [PMID: 33758708 PMCID: PMC7978154 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer management includes a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. While this management has proven effective, it is not perfect. To expand the umbrella of management to resistant breast cancer tumors, researchers have explored the idea of sphingosine kinase (SphK) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as a potential target for treatment. In this article, we review the mechanism of the sphingosine kinase/sphingosine-1-phosphate (SphK/S1P) axis along with its effect on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and compounds that have been studied inhibiting the SphK/S1P axis. We searched for relevant articles in the last five years in Medline and PubMed Central. Inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and quality checklists were applied to identify the most relevant articles. We compiled the information that has been summarized in the respective tables and figures provided in this review. The metabolism of sphingolipids was summarized, followed by the SphK/S1P upregulation in breast cancer cells. The variety of effects by upregulation of SphK led to an increase in inflammation, growth, and metastasis in breast cancer tumors. The increase in S1P also impacted the TME, including the cells and surrounding tissue, allowing the breast tumors to thrive. The final point made was a summary of the compounds and drugs that inhibited the SphK/S1P axis. They have proven their effectiveness and show even greater efficacy in combination with docetaxel and doxorubicin in preclinical studies. In conclusion, what is known about the SphK/S1P axis within breast cancer cells is immense but incomplete as we summarize what is known so far. Having a complete picture will allow a faster transition to application in the clinical field but clinical trials have not commenced as of yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dutt S Patel
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Farrukh Ahmad
- Emergency Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Emergency Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, IRL
| | - Majdi Abu Sneineh
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ravi S Patel
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sai Rohit Reddy
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Adiona Llukmani
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ayat Hashim
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Domonick K Gordon
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Scarborough General Hospital, Scarborough, CAN
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14
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Olesch C, Sirait-Fischer E, Berkefeld M, Fink AF, Susen RM, Ritter B, Michels BE, Steinhilber D, Greten FR, Savai R, Takeda K, Brüne B, Weigert A. S1PR4 ablation reduces tumor growth and improves chemotherapy via CD8+ T cell expansion. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5461-5476. [PMID: 32663191 DOI: 10.1172/jci136928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunosuppression is a limiting factor for successful cancer therapy. The lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which signals through 5 distinct G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5), has emerged as an important regulator of carcinogenesis. However, the utility of targeting S1P in tumors is hindered by S1P's impact on immune cell trafficking. Here, we report that ablation of the immune cell-specific receptor S1PR4, which plays a minor role in immune cell trafficking, delayed tumor development and improved therapy success in murine models of mammary and colitis-associated colorectal cancer through increased CD8+ T cell abundance. Transcriptome analysis revealed that S1PR4 affected proliferation and survival of CD8+ T cells in a cell-intrinsic manner via the expression of Pik3ap1 and Lta4h. Accordingly, PIK3AP1 expression was connected to increased CD8+ T cell proliferation and clinical parameters in human breast and colon cancer. Our data indicate a so-far-unappreciated tumor-promoting role of S1P by restricting CD8+ T cell expansion via S1PR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Olesch
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Evelyn Sirait-Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Berkefeld
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annika F Fink
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rosa M Susen
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Birgit Ritter
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Birgitta E Michels
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian R Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- Research Center of Oncology, ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt, Germany.,Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Trayssac M, Clarke CJ, Stith JL, Snider JM, Newen N, Gault CR, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Targeting sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) enhances oncogene-induced senescence through ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2)-mediated generation of very-long-chain ceramides. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:27. [PMID: 33414460 PMCID: PMC7790826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is an antiproliferative mechanism that can suppress tumor development and can be induced by oncogenes such as genes of the Ras family. Although studies have implicated bioactive sphingolipids (SL) in senescence, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, we demonstrate that oncogenic K-Ras (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) is sufficient to induce cell transformation as well as cell senescence-as revealed by increases in the percentage of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, p21WAF1/Cip1/CDKN1A (p21) expression, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-gal). Furthermore, oncogenic K-Ras altered SL metabolism, with an increase of long-chain (LC) C18, C20 ceramides (Cer), and very-long-chain (VLC) C22:1, C24 Cer, and an increase of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) expression. Since Cer and sphingosine-1-phosphate have been shown to exert opposite effects on cellular senescence, we hypothesized that targeting SK1 could enhance oncogenic K-Ras-induced senescence. Indeed, SK1 downregulation or inhibition enhanced p21 expression and SA-β-gal in cells expressing oncogenic K-Ras and impeded cell growth. Moreover, SK1 knockdown further increased LC and VLC Cer species (C18, C20, C22:1, C24, C24:1, C26:1), especially the ones increased by oncogenic K-Ras. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), an inhibitor of ceramide synthases (CerS), reduced p21 expression induced by oncogenic K-Ras both with and without SK1 knockdown. Functionally, FB1 reversed the growth defect induced by oncogenic K-Ras, confirming the importance of Cer generation in the senescent phenotype. More specifically, downregulation of CerS2 by siRNA blocked the increase of VLC Cer (C24, C24:1, and C26:1) induced by SK1 knockdown and phenocopied the effects of FB1 on p21 expression. Taken together, these data show that targeting SK1 is a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer, enhancing oncogene-induced senescence through an increase of VLC Cer downstream of CerS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Trayssac
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Stith
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Naomi Newen
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
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16
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Yokota T, Nojima H, Kuboki S, Yoshitomi H, Furukawa K, Takayashiki T, Takano S, Ohtsuka M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor-1 Promotes Vascular Invasion and EMT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Surg Res 2020; 259:200-210. [PMID: 33307511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown whether epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated vascular invasion and cancer stemness are associated with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between S1PR1 expression and prognosis of patients with primary HCC and to define the potential of S1PR as a therapeutic target. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated 108 patients who underwent primary surgical resection for HCC treatment. Expression of S1PR1 and EMT markers was analyzed to predict prognosis of patients with HCC. Furthermore, three-dimensional organotypic culture, anoikis assay, and cell invasion were performed to validate the association of S1PR1 with EMT and cancer stemness. RESULTS Among patients with HCC, the high S1PR1 expression group had significantly shorter overall survival than the low expression group. Moreover, high S1PR1 expression was significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free survival, increased risk of portal and hepatic vein invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis. Multivariate analyses revealed that S1PR1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in patients with HCC. S1PR1 overexpression positively correlated with vimentin and MMP-9 expression and negatively correlated with E-cadherin. In addition, S1PR1 overexpression induced EMT and enhanced tumor invasion and cancer stemness. CONCLUSIONS S1PR1 overexpression, via EMT-induced vascular invasion and increased cancer stem cell properties, establishes a metastatic niche, enhances the capacity of hematogenous metastasis, and associates with poor outcomes in patients with HCC. Hence, S1PR1 may serve as a therapeutic target for patients with HCC with vascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yokota
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nojima
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Surgery, Teikyo Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kuboki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Furukawa
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takayashiki
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Takano
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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17
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Wu X, Sakharkar MK, Wabitsch M, Yang J. Effects of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate on Cell Viability, Differentiation, and Gene Expression of Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239284. [PMID: 33291440 PMCID: PMC7730007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a highly potent sphingolipid metabolite, which controls numerous physiological and pathological process via its extracellular and intracellular functions. The breast is mainly composed of epithelial cells (mammary gland) and adipocytes (stroma). Adipocytes play an important role in regulating the normal functions of the breast. Compared to the vast amount studies on breast epithelial cells, the functions of S1P in breast adipocytes are much less known. Thus, in the current study, we used human preadipocyte cell lines SGBS and mouse preadipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 as in vitro models to evaluate the effects of S1P on cell viability, differentiation, and gene expression in adipocytes. Our results showed that S1P increased cell viability in SGBS and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes but moderately reduced cell viability in differentiated SGBS and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. S1P was also shown to inhibit adipogenic differentiation of SGBS and 3T3-L1 at concentration higher than 1000 nM. Transcriptome analyses showed that S1P was more influential on gene expression in differentiated adipocytes. Furthermore, our network analysis in mature adipocytes showed that the upregulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were related to regulation of lipolysis, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) signaling, alcoholism, and toll-like receptor signaling, whereas the downregulated DEGs were overrepresented in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, focal adhesion, starch and sucrose metabolism, and nuclear receptors pathways. Together previous studies on the functions of S1P in breast epithelial cells, the current study implicated that S1P may play a critical role in modulating the bidirectional regulation of adipocyte-extracellular matrix-epithelial cell axis and maintaining the normal physiological functions of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Wu
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (X.W.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (X.W.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Eythstr. 24, 89075 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (X.W.); (M.K.S.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Tokumaru Y, Le L, Asaoka M, Futamura M, Ishikawa T, Yoshida K, Takabe K. Should we target "intermediate expression" of HER2 in older estrogen receptor positive patients? Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:4056-4059. [PMID: 33102162 PMCID: PMC7580860 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Lan Le
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Futamura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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19
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Szlasa W, Zendran I, Zalesińska A, Tarek M, Kulbacka J. Lipid composition of the cancer cell membrane. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:321-342. [PMID: 32715369 PMCID: PMC7520422 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell possesses numerous adaptations to resist the immune system response and chemotherapy. One of the most significant properties of the neoplastic cells is the altered lipid metabolism, and consequently, the abnormal cell membrane composition. Like in the case of phosphatidylcholine, these changes result in the modulation of certain enzymes and accumulation of energetic material, which could be used for a higher proliferation rate. The changes are so prominent, that some lipids, such as phosphatidylserines, could even be considered as the cancer biomarkers. Additionally, some changes of biophysical properties of cell membranes lead to the higher resistance to chemotherapy, and finally to the disturbances in signalling pathways. Namely, the increased levels of certain lipids, like for instance phosphatidylserine, lead to the attenuation of the immune system response. Also, changes in lipid saturation prevent the cells from demanding conditions of the microenvironment. Particularly interesting is the significance of cell membrane cholesterol content in the modulation of metastasis. This review paper discusses the roles of each lipid type in cancer physiology. The review combined theoretical data with clinical studies to show novel therapeutic options concerning the modulation of cell membranes in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iga Zendran
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
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20
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Oshi M, Newman S, Tokumaru Y, Yan L, Matsuyama R, Endo I, Nagahashi M, Takabe K. Intra-Tumoral Angiogenesis Is Associated with Inflammation, Immune Reaction and Metastatic Recurrence in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186708. [PMID: 32933189 PMCID: PMC7555442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. We hypothesized that intra-tumoral angiogenesis correlates with inflammation and metastasis in breast cancer patients. To test this hypothesis, we generated an angiogenesis pathway score using gene set variation analysis and analyzed the tumor transcriptome of 3999 breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Cancer (TCGA-BRCA), Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC), GSE20194, GSE25066, GSE32646, and GSE2034 cohorts. We found that the score correlated with expression of various angiogenesis-, vascular stability-, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-related genes. Surprisingly, the angiogenesis score was not associated with breast cancer subtype, Nottingham pathological grade, clinical stage, response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or patient survival. However, a high score was associated with a low fraction of both favorable and unfavorable immune cell infiltrations except for dendritic cell and M2 macrophage, and with Leukocyte Fraction, Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte Regional Fraction and Lymphocyte Infiltration Signature scores. High-score tumors had significant enrichment for unfavorable inflammation-related gene sets (interleukin (IL)6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α- and TGFβ-signaling), as well as metastasis-related gene sets (epithelial mesenchymal transition, and Hedgehog-, Notch-, and WNT-signaling). High score was significantly associated with metastatic recurrence particularly to brain and bone. In conclusion, using the angiogenesis pathway score, we found that intra-tumoral angiogenesis is associated with immune reaction, inflammation and metastasis-related pathways, and metastatic recurrence in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Oshi
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, NY 14263, USA; (M.O.); (S.N.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (R.M.); (I.E.)
| | - Stephanie Newman
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, NY 14263, USA; (M.O.); (S.N.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY 14263, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Tokumaru
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, NY 14263, USA; (M.O.); (S.N.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (R.M.); (I.E.)
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (R.M.); (I.E.)
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan;
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, NY 14263, USA; (M.O.); (S.N.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (R.M.); (I.E.)
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY 14263, USA
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8520, Japan;
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-8455540; Fax: +1-716-8451668
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21
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Tsuchida J, Nagahashi M, Nakajima M, Katsuta E, Rashid OM, Qi Q, Yan L, Okuda S, Takabe K, Wakai T. Sphingosine Kinase 1 is Associated With Immune Cell-Related Gene Expressions in Human Breast Cancer. J Surg Res 2020; 256:645-656. [PMID: 32810665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous experiments have implicated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as a links between immune reactions and cancer progression, the exact mechanism of this interaction has not comprehensively studied in clinical human samples. This study sought to evaluate the S1P regulation by sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), an S1P-producing enzyme, in the immunity/immuno-reactivity of clinical human breast cancer surgical specimens. METHODS S1P levels were examined in tumor, peritumoral, and normal human breast samples using mass spectrometry. Genomics Data Commons data portal of The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort was used to assess the expression of S1P-related and immune-related genes. RESULTS S1P levels were significantly higher in tumor samples compared to peritumoral (P < 0.05) or normal human breast samples (P < 0.001). SPHK1 gene expression was elevated in tumoral samples compared to normal breast samples (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the elevated expression of SPHK1 in breast cancer tissue was associated with an increased expression of the different kinds of immune-related genes, such as CD68, CD163, CD4, and FOXP3 (forkhead box P3), in HER2-negative breast cancer. Network analysis showed the central role of SPHK1 in the interaction of S1P signaling and expression of immune cell-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that S1P is mainly produced by tumor tissue, rather than peritumoral tissue, in breast cancer patients. Our data revealed the involvement of S1P signaling in the regulation of immune-related genes, suggesting the links between S1P and complicated immune-cancer interactions in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Tsuchida
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakajima
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eriko Katsuta
- Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Omar M Rashid
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Holy Cross Hospital Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Surgery, Nova Southeastern University School of Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Qianya Qi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan; Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
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22
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Kim EY, Choi B, Kim JE, Park SO, Kim SM, Chang EJ. Interleukin-22 Mediates the Chemotactic Migration of Breast Cancer Cells and Macrophage Infiltration of the Bone Microenvironment by Potentiating S1P/SIPR Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E131. [PMID: 31935914 PMCID: PMC7017200 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-22 (IL-22) signaling pathway is well known to be involved in the progression of various cancer types but its role in bone metastatic breast cancer remains unclear. We demonstrate using human GEO profiling that bone metastatic breast cancer displays elevated interleukin-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) expression. Importantly, IL-22 stimuli promoted the expression of IL-22R1 and S1PR1 in aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. IL-22 treatment also increased sphingosine-1-phosphate production in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-mediated chemotactic migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. This effect was inhibited by an S1P antagonist. In addition to the S1PR1 axis, IL-22 stimulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), thereby promoting breast cancer cell invasion. Moreover, IL-22 induced IL22R1 and S1PR1 expression in macrophages, myeloid cell, and MCP1 expression in MSCs to facilitate macrophage infiltration. Immunohistochemistry indicated that IL-22R1 and S1PR1 are overexpressed in invasive malignant breast cancers and that this correlates with the MMP-9 levels. Collectively, our present results indicate a potential role of IL-22 in driving the metastasis of breast cancers into the bone microenvironment through the IL22R1-S1PR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (B.C.); (J.-E.K.); (S.-O.P.); (S.-M.K.)
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (B.C.); (J.-E.K.); (S.-O.P.); (S.-M.K.)
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (B.C.); (J.-E.K.); (S.-O.P.); (S.-M.K.)
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Si-On Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (B.C.); (J.-E.K.); (S.-O.P.); (S.-M.K.)
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (B.C.); (J.-E.K.); (S.-O.P.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea; (E.-Y.K.); (B.C.); (J.-E.K.); (S.-O.P.); (S.-M.K.)
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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23
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Subedi L, Teli MK, Lee JH, Gaire BP, Kim MH, Kim SY. A Stilbenoid Isorhapontigenin as a Potential Anti-Cancer Agent against Breast Cancer through Inhibiting Sphingosine Kinases/Tubulin Stabilization. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121947. [PMID: 31817453 PMCID: PMC6966567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhapontigenin (ISO), a tetrahydroxylated stilbenoid, is an analog of resveratrol (Rsv). The various biological activities of Rsv and its derivatives have been previously reported in the context of both cancer and inflammation. However, the anti-cancer effect of ISO against breast cancer has not been well established, despite being an orally bioavailable dietary polyphenol. In this study, we determine the anti-cancer effects of ISO against breast cancer using MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. We observed that ISO induces breast cancer cell death, cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and the inhibition of cell proliferation. Additionally, sphingosine kinase inhibition by ISO controlled tubulin polymerization and cancer cell growth by regulating MAPK/PI3K-mediated cell cycle arrest in MCF7 cells. Interestingly, SPHK1/2 gene silencing increased oxidative stress, cell death, and tubulin destabilization in MCF7 cells. This suggests that the anti-cancer effect of ISO can be regulated by SPHK/tubulin destabilization pathways. Overall, ISO successfully induced breast cancer cell death and cell growth arrest, suggesting this phytochemical is a better alternative for breast cancer treatment. Further studies in animal models could confirm the potency and usability of ISO over Rsv for targeting breast cancer, potentially posing an alternative candidate for improved therapy in the near future.
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24
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Park HS, Ashour D, Elsharoud A, Chugh RM, Ismail N, El Andaloussi A, Al-Hendy A. Towards Cell free Therapy of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome Enhances Angiogenesis in Human Ovarian Microvascular Endothelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 32494757 PMCID: PMC7269190 DOI: 10.24966/srdt-2060/100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) refers to an ovarian loss of function in women under the age of 40. Unfortunately, currently, there is no effective treatment available for POI-related infertility. Alternatives such as the use of egg donations are culturally and ethically unacceptable to many couples. Human Bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are known for their ability to differentiate into other cell types, once primed by the organ microenvironment. Importantly MSCs produce a vast array of bioactive factors many of them have been shown to enhance neovascularization in various tissues. Recently, preliminary data from our ongoing clinical trial revealed encouraging preliminary data after autologous MSC engraftment into the ovaries of 2 POI patients with durable elevation in serum estrogen levels and increase in size of treated ovaries sustained up to one-year post cell therapy. In this study, we investigated the action of the mechanisms of MSCs treatment on a POI ovary. We designed an in vitro study using MSC secretome and Human Ovarian Endothelial Cells (HOVECs) to understand the molecular mechanisms by which MSC mediates their angiogenic properties and regenerative effects. Human primary HOVECs were treatment with MSC secretome and examined by FACS for the expression of angiogenesis markers such as Endoglin, Tie-2, and VEGF. The formation of vessels was evaluated by using a 3D Matrigel tubulogenesis assay. We observed that the expression of proliferation marker Ki67 was significantly increased under treatment with MSC secretome in HOVEC cells (P4). MSCs secretome treatment also induced significantly higher expression of several angiogenic markers such as VEGFR2, Tie2/Tek, VE-Cadherin, Endoglin, and VEGF compared to matched control (P4). Furthermore, MSC secretome significantly increased the number of branching points in tubulogenesis assay (P4). Our study suggests that MSC secretome likely contains bioactive factors that can enhance ovarian angiogenesis. Further characterization of these factors can lead to novel therapeutic options for women with premature ovarian insufficiency and other related causes of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Soo Park
- Department of Surgery, University at Illinois at Chicago, Medical College, Chicago, USA
| | - Dalia Ashour
- Department of Surgery, University at Illinois at Chicago, Medical College, Chicago, USA.,Department of Pathology, University at Illinois at Chicago, Medical College, Chicago, USA
| | - Amro Elsharoud
- Department of Surgery, University at Illinois at Chicago, Medical College, Chicago, USA
| | - Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Surgery, University at Illinois at Chicago, Medical College, Chicago, USA
| | - Nahed Ismail
- Department of Pathology, University at Illinois at Chicago, Medical College, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Surgery, University at Illinois at Chicago, Medical College, Chicago, USA
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25
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Moro K, Nagahashi M, Gabriel E, Takabe K, Wakai T. Clinical application of ceramide in cancer treatment. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:407-415. [PMID: 30963461 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of innovative strategies for cancer treatment is a pressing public health issue. Despite recent advances, the mechanisms of cancer progression and the resistance to cancer treatment have not been fully elucidated. Sphingolipids, including ceramide and sphingoshin-1-phosphate, are bioactive mediators that regulate cancer cell death and survival through the dynamic balance of what has been termed the 'sphingolipid rheostat'. Specifically, ceramide, which acts as the central hub of sphingolipid metabolism, is generated via three major pathways by many stressors, including anti-cancer treatments, environmental stresses, and cytokines. We have previously shown in breast cancer patients that elevated ceramide correlated with less aggressive cancer phenotypes, leading to a prognostic impact. Recent studies showed that ceramide have the possibility of becoming the reinforcing agent of cancer treatment as well as other roles such as nanoparticles and diagnostic biomarker. We review ceramide as one of the key molecules to investigate in overcoming resistance to current drug therapies and in becoming one of the newest cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Moro
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | | | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.,Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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26
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Vettorazzi M, Vila L, Lima S, Acosta L, Yépes F, Palma A, Cobo J, Tengler J, Malik I, Alvarez S, Marqués P, Cabedo N, Sanz MJ, Jampilek J, Spiegel S, Enriz RD. Synthesis and biological evaluation of sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800298. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Vettorazzi
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL); San Luis Argentina
| | - Laura Vila
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA University Clinic Hospital of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Santiago Lima
- Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Richmond Virginia
| | - Lina Acosta
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Escuela de Química; Universidad Industrial de Santander; Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Felipe Yépes
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Escuela de Química; Universidad Industrial de Santander; Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Alirio Palma
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica, Escuela de Química; Universidad Industrial de Santander; Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Justo Cobo
- Inorganic and Organic Department; University of Jaén; Jaén Spain
| | - Jan Tengler
- Medis International a.s.; Bolatice Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Sergio Alvarez
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL); San Luis Argentina
| | - Patrice Marqués
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA University Clinic Hospital of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Nuria Cabedo
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA University Clinic Hospital of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - María J. Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA University Clinic Hospital of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine; Richmond Virginia
| | - Ricardo D. Enriz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL); San Luis Argentina
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27
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Hirose Y, Nagahashi M, Katsuta E, Yuza K, Miura K, Sakata J, Kobayashi T, Ichikawa H, Shimada Y, Kameyama H, McDonald KA, Takabe K, Wakai T. Generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate is enhanced in biliary tract cancer patients and is associated with lymphatic metastasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10814. [PMID: 30018456 PMCID: PMC6050292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic metastasis is known to contribute to worse prognosis of biliary tract cancer (BTC). Recently, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid mediator generated by sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), has been shown to play an important role in lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in several types of cancer. However, the role of the lipid mediator in BTC has never been examined. Here we found that S1P is elevated in BTC with the activation of ceramide-synthetic pathways, suggesting that BTC utilizes SPHK1 to promote lymphatic metastasis. We found that S1P, sphingosine and ceramide precursors such as monohexosyl-ceramide and sphingomyelin, but not ceramide, were significantly increased in BTC compared to normal biliary tract tissue using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort, we demonstrated that S1P in BTC is generated via de novo pathway and exported via ABCC1. Further, we found that SPHK1 expression positively correlated with factors related to lymphatic metastasis in BTC. Finally, immunohistochemical examination revealed that gallbladder cancer with lymph node metastasis had significantly higher expression of phospho-SPHK1 than that without. Taken together, our data suggest that S1P generated in BTC contributes to lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirose
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nagahashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Eriko Katsuta
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Kizuki Yuza
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Miura
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimada
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kameyama
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kerry-Ann McDonald
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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28
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Wątek M, Durnaś B, Wollny T, Pasiarski M, Góźdź S, Marzec M, Chabowska A, Wolak P, Żendzian-Piotrowska M, Bucki R. Unexpected profile of sphingolipid contents in blood and bone marrow plasma collected from patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:235. [PMID: 29216917 PMCID: PMC5721620 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired apoptotic pathways in leukemic cells enable them to grow in an uncontrolled way. Moreover, aberrations in the apoptotic pathways are the main factor of leukemic cells drug resistance. Methods To assess the presence of potential abnormalities that might promote dysfunction of leukemic cells growth, HPLC system was used to determine sphingosine (SFO), sphinganine (SFA), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide (CER) concentration in the blood collected from patients diagnose with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML; n = 49) and compare to values of control (healthily) group (n = 51). Additionally, in AML group concentration of SFO, SFA, S1P and CER was determined in bone marrow plasma and compared to respective values in blood plasma. The concentration of S1P and CER binding protein – plasma gelsolin (GSN) was also assessed in collected samples using immunoblotting assay. Results We observed that in AML patients the average SFO, SFA and CER concentration in blood plasma was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compare to control group, when blood plasma S1P concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.001). At the same time the CER/S1P ratio in AML patient (44.5 ± 19.4) was about 54% higher compare to control group (20.9 ± 13.1). Interestingly the average concentration of S1P in blood plasma (196 ± 13 pmol/ml) was higher compare to its concentration in plasma collected from bone marrow (154 ± 21 pmol/ml). Conclusions We hypothesize that changes in profile of sphingolipids concentration and some of their binding protein partners such as GSN in extracellular environment of blood and bone marrow cells in leukemic patients can be targeted to develop new AML treatment method(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wątek
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wollny
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland
| | - Marcin Pasiarski
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Department of Hematology, Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734, Kielce, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Michał Marzec
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Chabowska
- Regional Blood Transfusion Center in Bialystok, 15-950, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wolak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics Department Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland. .,Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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García-Aranda M, Redondo M. Protein Kinase Targets in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122543. [PMID: 29186886 PMCID: PMC5751146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With 1.67 million new cases and 522,000 deaths in the year 2012, breast cancer is the most common type of diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in women around the world. Despite the success of screening programs and the development of adjuvant therapies, a significant percentage of breast cancer patients will suffer a metastatic disease that, to this day, remains incurable and justifies the research of new therapies to improve their life expectancy. Among the new therapies that have been developed in recent years, the emergence of targeted therapies has been a milestone in the fight against cancer. Over the past decade, many studies have shown a causal role of protein kinase dysregulations or mutations in different human diseases, including cancer. Along these lines, cancer research has demonstrated a key role of many protein kinases during human tumorigenesis and cancer progression, turning these molecules into valid candidates for new targeted therapies. The subsequent discovery and introduction in 2001 of the kinase inhibitor imatinib, as a targeted treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia, revolutionized cancer genetic pathways research, and lead to the development of multiple small-molecule kinase inhibitors against various malignancies, including breast cancer. In this review, we analyze studies published to date about novel small-molecule kinase inhibitors and evaluate if they would be useful to develop new treatment strategies for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina García-Aranda
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital Costa del Sol, Carretera de Cádiz km, 187, 29600 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital Costa del Sol, Carretera de Cádiz km, 187, 29600 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
- Biochemistry Department, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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"Dicing and Splicing" Sphingosine Kinase and Relevance to Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091891. [PMID: 28869494 PMCID: PMC5618540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is a lipid enzyme that maintains cellular lipid homeostasis. Two SphK isozymes, SphK1 and SphK2, are expressed from different chromosomes and several variant isoforms are expressed from each of the isozymes, allowing for the multi-faceted biological diversity of SphK activity. Historically, SphK1 is mainly associated with oncogenicity, however in reality, both SphK1 and SphK2 isozymes possess oncogenic properties and are recognized therapeutic targets. The absence of mutations of SphK in various cancer types has led to the theory that cancer cells develop a dependency on SphK signaling (hyper-SphK signaling) or “non-oncogenic addiction”. Here we discuss additional theories of SphK cellular mislocation and aberrant “dicing and splicing” as contributors to cancer cell biology and as key determinants of the success or failure of SphK/S1P (sphingosine 1 phosphate) based therapeutics.
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