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Chen SY, Chiang IC, Chen YY, Hsu YH, Yen GC. Recent advances in the potential of Phyllanthus emblica L. and its related foods for combating metabolic diseases through methylglyoxal trapping. Food Res Int 2024; 194:114907. [PMID: 39232532 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) serves as the primary precursor for the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and DNA, leading to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Regular intake of dietary MG is strongly correlated with low-grade inflammation, potentially accelerating the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancers, liver diseases, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, aging, and bone loss. Although pharmaceutical agents (pimagedine and candesartan) have been developed to inhibit MG formation, they often come with serious side effects (nausea, diarrhea, headache, gastrointestinal disturbance, symptomatic hypotension, abnormal renal and liver function tests, development of antinuclear antibody, pernicious-like anemia, and hyperkalemia), highlighting the need for an efficient and safe approach to scavenging MG. Phyllanthus emblica Linn fruit, a nutritious edible fruit, and medicinal plant contains over 300 bioactive compounds. Among twenty-three herbals, 100 μg/mL of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruit (APF) exhibits the highest potency in trapping MG, achieving an 87.3 % reduction under d-fructose induced BSA-AGEs formation. However, there are few reports detailing APF and its related foods' specific impact on disease prevention through MG trapping. This review summarizes the mechanisms through which MG is linked to the development of metabolic diseases and provides several strategies for reducing MG levels using APF and its bioactive compounds. The potential antiglycation properties of APF may offer new applications in the food industry and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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2
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Hadidi M, Liñán-Atero R, Tarahi M, Christodoulou MC, Aghababaei F. The Potential Health Benefits of Gallic Acid: Therapeutic and Food Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1001. [PMID: 39199245 PMCID: PMC11352096 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13081001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a phenolic acid found in fruits and vegetables, has been consumed by humans for centuries. Its extensive health benefits, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, have been well-documented. GA's potent antioxidant capabilities enable it to neutralize free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and protect cells from damage. Additionally, GA exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, making it a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases. It also demonstrates anticancer properties by inhibiting cancer cell growth and promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, GA offers cardiovascular benefits, such as lowering blood pressure, decreasing cholesterol, and enhancing endothelial function, which may aid in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers the chemical structure, sources, identification and quantification methods, and biological and therapeutic properties of GA, along with its applications in food. As research progresses, the future for GA appears promising, with potential uses in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals aimed at improving overall health and preventing disease. However, ongoing research and innovation are necessary to fully understand its functional benefits, address current challenges, and establish GA as a mainstay in therapeutic and nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Hadidi
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rafael Liñán-Atero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Mohammad Tarahi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran;
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Banjan B, Raju R, Keshava Prasad TS, Abhinand CS. Computational identification of potential bioactive compounds from Triphala against alcoholic liver injury by targeting alcohol dehydrogenase. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10879-9. [PMID: 38743308 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury resulting from excessive alcohol consumption is a significant social concern. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays a critical role in the conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde, leading to tissue damage. The management of alcoholic liver injury encompasses nutritional support and, in severe cases liver transplantation, but potential adverse effects exist, and effective medications are currently unavailable. Natural products with their potential benefits and historical use in traditional medicine emerge as promising alternatives. Triphala, a traditional polyherbal formula demonstrates beneficial effects in addressing diverse health concerns, with a notable impact on treating alcoholic liver damage through enhanced liver metabolism. The present study aims to identify potential active phytocompounds in Triphala targeting ADH to prevent alcoholic liver injury. Screening 119 phytocompounds from the Triphala formulation revealed 62 of them showing binding affinity to the active site of the ADH1B protein. Promising lipid-like molecule from Terminalia bellirica, (4aS, 6aR, 6aR, 6bR, 7R, 8aR, 9R, 10R, 11R, 12aR, 14bS)-7, 10, 11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2, 2, 6a, 6b, 9, 12a-hexamethyl-1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6a, 7, 8, 8a, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid showed high binding efficiency to a competitive ADH inhibitor, 4-Methylpyrazole. Pharmacokinetic analysis further confirmed the drug-likeness and non-hepatotoxicity of the top-ranked compound. Molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA studies revealed the stability of the docked complexes with minimal fluctuation and consistency of the hydrogen bonds throughout the simulation. Together, computational investigations suggest that (4aS, 6aR, 6aR, 6bR, 7R, 8aR, 9R, 10R, 11R, 12aR, 14bS)-7, 10, 11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2, 2, 6a, 6b, 9, 12a-hexamethyl-1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6a, 7, 8, 8a, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid from the Triphala formulation holds promise as an ADH inhibitor, suggesting an alternative therapy for alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Banjan
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Centre for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine (CSBMM), Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Chandran S Abhinand
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine (CSBMM), Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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Prananda AT, Dalimunthe A, Harahap U, Simanjuntak Y, Peronika E, Karosekali NE, Hasibuan PAZ, Syahputra RA, Situmorang PC, Nurkolis F. Phyllanthus emblica: a comprehensive review of its phytochemical composition and pharmacological properties. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1288618. [PMID: 37954853 PMCID: PMC10637531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1288618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica Linn, a prominent member of the euphorbiaceae family, exhibits extensive distribution across a multitude of tropical and subtropical nations. Referred to as "Balakka" in Indonesia, this plant assumes various names across regions, such as "kimalaka," "balakka," "metengo," "malaka," and "kemloko" in North Sumatra, Ternate, Sundanese, and Java respectively. Phyllanthus emblica thrives in tropical locales like Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, while also making its presence felt in subtropical regions like India, China, Uzbekistan, and Sri Lanka. The fruits of Balakka are enriched with bioactive constituents recognized for their wide-ranging benefits, including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, chemoprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial properties. Comprising a spectrum of phenolic compounds (such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids), alkaloids, phytosterols, terpenoids, organic acids, amino acids, and vitamins, the bioactive components of Malacca fruit offer a diverse array of health-promoting attributes. In light of these insights, this review aims to comprehensively examine the pharmacological activities associated with P. emblica and delve into the intricate composition of its phytochemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Tjipta Prananda
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Aminah Dalimunthe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Yogi Simanjuntak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Epina Peronika
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Natasya Elsa Karosekali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Putri Cahaya Situmorang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Niyomchan A, Chatgat W, Chatawatee B, Keereekoch T, Issuriya A, Jaisamut P, Chusri S, Kunworarath N. Safety Evaluation of the Polyherbal Formulation NawaTab: Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Studies in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9413458. [PMID: 37528898 PMCID: PMC10390268 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9413458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
NawaTab is a tablet formulation developed from the Nawametho polyherbal formula used in Surat Thani province, Southern Thailand, for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This study aims at evaluating the acute and subacute toxicity of NawaTab in rats. In the acute toxicity study, NawaTab was evaluated in female rats following the OECD Guideline No. 423. In the subacute toxicity study, NawaTab was tested in both male and female rats following the OECD Guideline No. 407. In the acute toxicity study, no lethal effects or toxic signs were observed during the duration of the study. In the subacute toxicity study, there was no mortality and no abnormality in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, relative organ weight, and hematological parameters of NawaTab-treated rats. Significantly increased water consumption by male rats (500 mg/kg BW) and female rats (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg BW) was observed. In addition, globulin and total cholesterol of female rats (1000 mg/kg BW) significantly increased. These alterations were within normal physiological ranges. Moreover, necropsy and histopathological findings of NawaTab-treated rats demonstrated no obvious alterations attributable to NawaTab administration. The present study revealed that NawaTab has no significant acute oral toxicological effects. The lethal dose with a 50% mortality rate (LD50) was higher than 5000 mg/kg BW in rats. The subacute oral administration of NawaTab for 28 days did not have any major toxicological effects. Based on this study, NawaTab could be safe to use with caution pending its chronic toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichaya Niyomchan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Wasapon Chatgat
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Bodin Chatawatee
- Traditional Thai Medical Hospital, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Thaweeporn Keereekoch
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Issuriya
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Patcharawalai Jaisamut
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Chusri
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Nongluk Kunworarath
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Zogona D, Zongo AWS, Elkhedir AE, Salah M, Tao M, Li R, Wu T, Xu X. Red raspberry supplementation mitigates alcohol-induced liver injury associated with gut microbiota alteration and intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1209-1226. [PMID: 36602148 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is still a global health concern. Long-term alcohol intake alters the gut microbiota diversity and metabolic activity, and causes intestinal barrier dysfunction, leading to the development of ALD. This research explored the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of red raspberry (RR) on alcohol-related disorders in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or a standard diet supplemented with 2%, 4%, and 8% weight/weight RR. Meanwhile, mice were administered 35% (v/v) ethanol (EtOH, 10 mL per kg body weight) intragastrically once daily for six weeks, except the control group mice. The results showed that RR supplementation decreased liver injury markers (alanine and aspartate transaminases) in the serum, reduced triglyceride level in the liver and downregulated hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA expression in mice administered EtOH. In addition, EtOH-mediated oxidative stress in the liver was attenuated by RR supplementation through decreased hepatic malondialdehyde content and increased antioxidant (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) levels and activities in mice exposed to EtOH. Moreover, RR supplementation reversed EtOH-induced alteration in the cecal microbial composition at the phylum, order, genus, and species levels and improved the intestinal barrier function associated with the inhibition of the NF-κB/MLCK pathway, which was accompanied by upregulation of tight junctions (zonula occludens 1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-4) and E-cadherin mRNA and protein expressions. Accordingly, RR supplementation resulted in a decreased level of endotoxins in the serum and attenuation of the inflammatory response in the liver, illustrated by a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels. Overall, RR supplementation alleviated the adverse effects of chronic alcohol intake in C57BL/6J mice and could be a potential supplement for improving ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zogona
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Abel Wend-Soo Zongo
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdeen E Elkhedir
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mahmoud Salah
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mingfang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Afzal MF, Khalid W, Akram S, Khalid MA, Zubair M, Kauser S, Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed K, Aziz A, Anusha Siddiqui S. Bioactive profile and functional food applications of banana in food sectors and health: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2130940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Akram
- Department of Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Safura Kauser
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Abdelsamea Mohamedahmed
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Afifa Aziz
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
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Evaluation of a Polyherbal Formulation on the Management of Migraine Headaches due to Functional Dyspepsia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9872933. [PMID: 36510578 PMCID: PMC9741544 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9872933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A holistic concept based on traditional Persian medicine (TPM) describes a headache with a gastrointestinal (GI) origin (gastric-headache). Although the neurological manifestations of this headache are similar to those of other headaches, its etiology is different. Considering its simultaneous effects on the brain and GI system, a formulation was designed based on this concept. This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of the designed formulation on migraine headache (MH) associated with functional dyspepsia (FD). A total of 75 diagnosed cases of MH patients with concurrent FD were randomly divided equally into 3 groups: (i) the polyherbal formulation, sodium valproate (VPA), and amitriptyline group, (ii) VPA, amitriptyline, and polyherbal formulation placebo group, and (iii) the polyherbal formulation and VPA placebo group. The primary outcomes, including frequency, duration, and severity of MH attacks, were measured at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 12. However, secondary outcomes, including the Headache Impact Test 6 (HIT-6) Questionnaire and Parkman's score, were evaluated at baseline and end of treatment. The frequency, duration, and severity of migraine (P < 0.001 for all cases), HIT-6 (P < 0.001 for all cases), and FD (P < 0.001 for all cases) scores at the end of treatment showed a significant decrease in the 3 groups compared to the baseline. However, the differences in those variables between the 3 groups were not significant at the end of the study. The polyherbal formulation alone may improve the symptoms of migraine patients and other groups. This effect could be due to improving digestion and FD in migraine patients.
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Imelda E, Idroes R, Khairan K, Lubis RR, Abas AH, Nursalim AJ, Rafi M, Tallei TE. Natural Antioxidant Activities of Plants in Preventing Cataractogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071285. [PMID: 35883773 PMCID: PMC9311900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A cataract is a condition that causes 17 million people to experience blindness and is the most significant cause of vision loss, around 47.9%. The formation of cataracts is linked to both the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reduction of endogenous antioxidants. ROS are highly reactive molecules produced by oxygen. Examples of ROS include peroxides, super-oxides, and hydroxyl radicals. ROS are produced in cellular responses to xenobiotics and bacterial invasion and during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Excessive ROS can trigger oxidative stress that initiates the progression of eye lens opacities. ROS and other free radicals are highly reactive molecules because their outer orbitals have one or more unpaired electrons and can be neutralized by electron-donating compounds, such as antioxidants. Examples of natural antioxidant compounds are vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene. Numerous studies have demonstrated that plants contain numerous antioxidant compounds that can be used as cataract preventatives or inhibitors. Natural antioxidant extracts for cataract therapy may be investigated further in light of these findings, which show that consuming a sufficient amount of antioxidant-rich plants is an excellent approach to cataract prevention. Several other natural compounds also prevent cataracts by inhibiting aldose reductase and preventing apoptosis of the eye lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Imelda
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dr. Zainoel Abidin, Banda Aceh 23126, Indonesia
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rinaldi Idroes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Khairan Khairan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20222, Indonesia;
| | - Abdul Hawil Abas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia; (A.H.A.); (T.E.T.)
| | - Ade John Nursalim
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou, Manado 955234, Indonesia;
| | - Mohamad Rafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia; (A.H.A.); (T.E.T.)
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Tao H, Zhong J, Mo Y, Liu W, Wang H. Exploring the Mechanism through which Phyllanthus emblica L. Extract Exerts Protective Effects against Acute Gouty Arthritis: A Network Pharmacology Study and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9748338. [PMID: 35449811 PMCID: PMC9017503 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9748338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased uric acid levels and inflammatory reactions are the main factors considered responsible for the development of gouty arthritis. Phyllanthus emblica L. (PEL) has several promising pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammation and antioxidation. However, only a few studies have investigated its use for treating acute gouty arthritis (AGA), and the mechanism of action of PEL has not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to verify the protective effects of PEL against gout and explore its underlying mechanism through network pharmacology and animal experiments. The main active components of the extract from PEL including mucic acid, mucic acid lactone, gallic acid, ethyl hexyl phthalate, and glucose were identified by UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS. Network pharmacological analysis results revealed 13 active compounds in PEL and 85 related targets for the treatment of gout. The core mechanism of action of PEL is mainly associated with inflammation-related pathways, including the HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, TNF, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Previous studies revealed that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, especially the NLRP3 inflammasome, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AGA; therefore, we mainly investigated the effect of PEL on the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 pathway in gout rats. In the animal experiments, PEL was shown to have a satisfactory antigout effect, as it effectively reduced uric acid (UA) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels. In terms of inhibiting AGA-associated inflammatory reactions, our results showed that PEL significantly decreased the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in ankle synoviocytes as well as the levels of downstream inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-1β in serum. Moreover, the results of our study show that PEL reduced MMP13 expression in the ankle synovium. Overall, the results of this study indicate that PEL exerted a therapeutic effect against AGA. Reducing uric acid levels, inhibiting inflammation, and decreasing the expression of MMP13 may be responsible for the therapeutic effect of PEL, which suggests that PEL can be further developed as a drug for the treatment of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Tao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingbin Zhong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingshi Mo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Anto EJ, Syahputra RA, Silitonga HA, Situmorang PC, Nugaraha SE. Oral acute toxicity study extract ethanol of balakka fruit (Phyllanthus emblica). PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e81280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica (PE) is a plant widely found in Indonesia, especially in Sumatra island, and in India. This study followed the OECD No. 420. The groups were divided based on gender, male and female rats. Male rats were divided into 6 groups, which were male/female control, male/female 2000 mg/kgBW, and male/female 5000 mg/kgBW. This study revealed that the ethanol extract of Phyllanthus emblica (EEPE) doses of 2000 mg/kgBW and 5000 mg/kgBW did not cause histological changes in the heart, liver, testes, ovaries, and kidneys, and did not cause changes to the hematological parameters, kidney biochemical parameters, liver biochemical parameters, and electrolyte parameters both in male and female rats. The results show that the LD50 of EEPE is higher than 5000 mg/kgBW. In short, this study provides information regarding the antioxidant activity and the safe use of EEPE. The LD50 of extract ethanol of Phyllanthus emblica is higher than 5000 mg/kgBW.
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12
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Edge Detection Aided Geometrical Shape Analysis of Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) for Freshness Classification. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Wu T, Liu X, Sun Z, Xing S, Han L, Li X, Pan X, Chen J, Zhou M, Derkach T, K. Bielicki J. Fruit of <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L. suppresses macrophage foam-cell genesis and vascular lipid deposition using in vivo and <i>in vitro</i> models of early atherosclerosis development. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-22-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Zeyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Liwen Han
- School of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong first medical university & Shandong academy of medical sciences
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Xuefang Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Jianbin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
| | | | - John K. Bielicki
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
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Phochantachinda S, Chatchaisak D, Temviriyanukul P, Chansawang A, Pitchakarn P, Chantong B. Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Emblica officinalis Suppresses Neuroinflammation in Microglia and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth in Neuro2a Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6405987. [PMID: 34539802 PMCID: PMC8443350 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6405987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting neuroinflammation and modulating neurite outgrowth could be a promising strategy to prevent neurological disorders. Emblica officinalis (EO) may be a potent agent against them. Although EO extract reportedly has anti-inflammatory properties in macrophages, there is limited knowledge about its neuroprotective activity by suppressing microglia-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production and inducing neurite outgrowth. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of EO fruit extract on the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced neuroinflammation using microglial (BV2) and neuroblastoma (Neuro2a) cells. The results demonstrated that, in LPS-treated BV2 cells, EO fruit extract reduced nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and tumor necrotic factor-α production. It also enhanced the neurite length of Neuro2a cells, which was linked to the upregulation of TuJ1 and MAP2 expressions. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the ethanolic extract of EO fruits has promising neuroprotective potential to exhibit antineuroinflammation activity and accelerative effect on neurite outgrowth in vitro. Therefore, EO fruit extract can be considered a novel herbal medicine candidate for managing neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sataporn Phochantachinda
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Chatchaisak
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Anchana Chansawang
- The Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Boonrat Chantong
- Department of Pre-Clinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Protective Effect of Phoenix dactylifera L. Seeds against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: A Comparison with Vitamin C. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:6618273. [PMID: 34326710 PMCID: PMC8277504 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6618273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) seeds have been mentioned in the Moroccan pharmacopoeia as efficient remedies against a wide range of diseases including hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders and countless infections. The current work was performed to assess the phenolic profile and hepatoprotective potential of two date seed varieties, locally known as Jihl and Majhoul, aqueous extracts against paracetamol- (PCM-) driven liver toxicity in 42 Wistar rats. The polyphenol profile was built by means of an HPLC analysis. Hepatic damage was provoked by exposing rats to PCM at a dose of 1.5 g/kg once a week. Besides PCM, Jihl and Majhoul date seed extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally in a day-to-day routine. Our findings showed that among the examined polyphenol compounds, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, and rutin were the most abundant phytochemicals. Date pits significantly (p < 0.001) stabilized the PCM-driven alterations in liver function parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, total protein, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin). Moreover, Phoenix dactylifera pits enhanced considerably (p < 0.001) the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) as well as the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). The established hepatoprotective effect may be due to the date seeds antioxidant effect and their ability to trap free radicals. The main outcomes of the present study could validate the traditional use of these date seeds to manage various health conditions.
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Wei X, Luo C, He Y, Huang H, Ran F, Liao W, Tan P, Fan S, Cheng Y, Zhang D, Lin J, Han L. Hepatoprotective Effects of Different Extracts From Triphala Against CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:664607. [PMID: 34290606 PMCID: PMC8287969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.664607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Triphala is a traditional polyherbal formula used in Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese Tibetan medicine. A wide range of biological activities have been attributed to Triphala, but the impact of various extraction methods on efficacy has not been determined. Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate Triphala extracts obtained by various methods for their hepatoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Methods: HPLC fingerprinting was used to characterize the chemical characteristics of Triphala extracts obtained by (a) 0.5 h ultrasonication, (b) 2 h reflux, and (c) 4 h reflux. Hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver damage. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured, as well as the liver antioxidant and inflammatory markers malondialdehyde superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), TNF-α, and IL-6. Gene and protein expression of Nrf-2 signaling components Nrf-2, heme oxygenase (HO-1), and NADPH Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) in liver tissue were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting. Results: Chemical analysis showed a clear difference in content between extracts produced by ultrasonic and reflux methods. The pharmacological analysis showed that all three Triphala extracts reduced ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and increased SOD and GSH-Px. Triphala extracts also induced transcript and protein expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Conclusion: Triphala extract prevents CCl4-induced acute liver injury. The ultrasonic extract of Triphala was most effective, suggesting that hepatoprotection may be related to the larger tannins via activation of Nrf-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanhu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Evaluation of physicochemical properties, nutraceuticals composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal potential of waste amla seed coat (Phyllanthus emblica, variety Neelam). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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Huang HZ, Qiu M, Lin JZ, Li MQ, Ma XT, Ran F, Luo CH, Wei XC, Xu RC, Tan P, Fan SH, Yang M, Han L, Zhang DK. Potential effect of tropical fruits Phyllanthus emblica L. for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetic complications: a systematic review of recent advances. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3525-3542. [PMID: 33439332 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica is a fruit widely consumed in subtropical areas, which is rich in polyphenols and other nutrients. There are increasing evidences that as a daily and nutritious fruit, it may have a positive role in controlling diabetic complications. According to the new study, its mechanisms include enhancing the functioning of insulin, reducing insulin resistance, activating the insulin-signaling pathway, protecting β-cells, scavenging free radicals, alleviating inflammatory reactions, and reducing the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. Owing to its few side effects, and low price, it should be easily accepted by patients and has potential for preventing diabetes. Taken together, Phyllanthus emblica may be an ideal fruit for controlling diabetic complications. This review highlights the latest findings of the role of Phyllanthus emblica in anti-diabetes and its complications, especially clarifies the molecular mechanism of the chemical components related to this effect, and prospects some existing problems and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhou Huang
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Xi-Tao Ma
- Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Fei Ran
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chuan-Hong Luo
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xi-Chuan Wei
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Run-Chun Xu
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality, National Administration of TCM, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - San-Hu Fan
- Sanajon Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Renggani HD, Hertianti T, Murwanti R. Animal Models of Alcoholic Liver Disease for Hepatoprotective Activity Evaluation. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20214107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The reported statistics suggest that alcoholic liver disease is on the rise. Furthermore, medications used to treat the disease have unpleasant effects, and this necessitates the need to continuously investigate hepatoprotective agents. This study investigates animal models of alcoholic liver disease used to evaluate hepatoprotective activity. Content: A good number of published articles evaluating hepatoprotective activity were summarized. The studies used three ethanol-induced liver injury models: the acute ethanol-induced liver injury model, the chronic ethanol-induced liver injury model, and Lieber– DeCarli model. Summary: Wistar rats were primarily used in the ethanol-induced liver injury model. High levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and histopathological alterations were found in all animal models (acute ethanol-induced liver injury, chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, and Lieber–DeCarli models). Severe steatosis was shown in both chronic ethanol-induced liver injury and Lieber–DeCarli models. However, fibrosis was undetected in all models.
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20
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Chaudhary N, Sabikhi L, Hussain SA, Kumar M H S. A comparative study of the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities of selected herbal extracts. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Singh L, Joshi T, Tewari D, Echeverría J, Mocan A, Sah AN, Parvanov E, Tzvetkov NT, Ma ZF, Lee YY, Poznański P, Huminiecki L, Sacharczuk M, Jóźwik A, Horbańczuk JO, Feder-Kubis J, Atanasov AG. Ethnopharmacological Applications Targeting Alcohol Abuse: Overview and Outlook. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1593. [PMID: 32116660 PMCID: PMC7034411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is the cause of several diseases and thus is of a major concern for society. Worldwide alcohol consumption has increased by many folds over the past decades. This urgently calls for intervention and relapse counteract measures. Modern pharmacological solutions induce complete alcohol self-restraint and prevent relapse, but they have many side effects. Natural products are most promising as they cause fewer adverse effects. Here we discuss in detail the medicinal plants used in various traditional/folklore medicine systems for targeting alcohol abuse. We also comprehensively describe preclinical and clinical studies done on some of these plants along with the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Singh
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation & Management, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development, Almora, India
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University Bhimtal Campus, Nainital, India
| | - Emil Parvanov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Division BIOCEV, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department Global R&D, NTZ Lab Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Piotr Poznański
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Lukasz Huminiecki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Jarosław O. Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Liu X, Ma Y, Wan Y, Li Z, Ma H. Genetic Diversity of Phyllanthus emblica From Two Different Climate Type Areas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580812. [PMID: 33329643 PMCID: PMC7734338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.580812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. is a well-known medicinal and edible plant species. Various medicinal compounds in the fruit make it an important medicinal and promising economic material. The plant is widely distributed in Southwestern and Southern China. However, due to massive deforestation and land reclamation as well as deterioration of its natural habitat in recent years, the wild resources of this species have been sharply reduced, and it is rare to see large-scale wild P. emblica forests so far. In order to effectively protect and rationally utilize this species, we investigated the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and population dynamics of 260 individuals from 10 populations of P. emblica sampled from the dry climate area in Yunnan and wet climate area in Guangxi using 20 polymorphic EST-SSR markers. We found high genetic diversity at the species level (He = 0.796) and within populations (He = 0.792), but low genetic differentiation among populations (F ST = 0.084). In addition, most genetic variation existed within populations (92.44%) compared with variation among the populations (7.56%). Meanwhile, the NJ tree, STRUCTURE, and hierarchical analysis suggested that the sampled individuals were clustered into two distinct genetic groups. In contrast, the genetic diversity of the dry climate group (He = 0.786, Na = 11.790, I = 1.962) was higher than that of the wet climate group (He = 0.673, Na = 9.060, I = 1.555), which might be attributed to the combined effects of altitude, precipitation, and geographic distance. Interestingly, only altitude and precipitation had significant pure effects on the genetic diversity, and the former was slightly stronger. In addition, DIYABC analysis suggested the effective population size of P. emblica might have contracted in the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum. These genetic features provided vital information for the conservation and sustainable development of genetic resources of P. emblica, and they also provided new insights and guidelines for ecological restoration and economic development in dry-hot valleys of Yunnan and karst areas in Guangxi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfang Liu
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Youming Wan
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Ma,
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Qi L, Zhong F, Chen Y, Mao S, Yan Z, Ma Y. An integrated spectroscopic strategy to trace the geographical origins of emblic medicines: Application for the quality assessment of natural medicines. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:356-364. [PMID: 32923010 PMCID: PMC7474118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emblic medicine is a popular natural source in the world due to its outstanding healthcare and therapeutic functions. Our preliminary results indicated that the quality of emblic medicines might have an apparent regional variation. A rapid and effective geographical traceability system has not been designed yet. To trace the geographical origins so that their quality can be controlled, an integrated spectroscopic strategy including spectral pretreatment, outlier diagnosis, feature selection, data fusion, and machine learning algorithm was proposed. A featured data matrix (245 × 220) was successfully generated, and a carefully adjusted RF machine learning algorithm was utilized to develop the geographical traceability model. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is effective and can be generalized. Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and accuracy (ACC) of 97.65%, 99.85% and 97.63% for the calibrated set, as well as 100.00% predictive efficiency, were obtained using this spectroscopic analysis strategy. Our study has created an integrated analysis process for multiple spectral data, which can achieve a rapid, nondestructive and green quality detection for emblic medicines originating from seventeen geographical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Furong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shengnan Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Corresponding author. School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Wetchakul P, Goon JA, Adekoya AE, Olatunji OJ, Ruangchuay S, Jaisamut P, Issuriya A, Kunworarath N, Limsuwan S, Chusri S. Traditional tonifying polyherbal infusion, Jatu-Phala-Tiga, exerts antioxidant activities and extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:209. [PMID: 31409340 PMCID: PMC6693129 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The imbalance between the generation of free radicals and natural cellular antioxidant defenses, known as oxidative stress, can cause oxidation of biomolecules and further contribute to aging-associated diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of Thai traditional tonifying preparation, Jatu-Phala-Tiga (JPT) and its herbal ingredients consisting of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia chebula, and Terminalia bellirica and further assess its effect on longevity. Method Antioxidant activities of various extracts obtained from JPT and its herbal components were carried out using well-established methods including metal chelating, free radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Qualitative analysis of the chemical composition from JPT water extract was done by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The effect of JPT water extract on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans were additionally described. Results Among the extracts, JPT water extract exerted remarkable antioxidant activities as compared to the extracts from other solvents and individual constituting plant extract. JPT water extract was found to possess the highest metal chelating activity, with an IC50 value of 1.75 ± 0.05 mg/mL. Moreover, it exhibited remarkable scavenging activities towards DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radicals, with IC50 values of 0.31 ± 0.02, 0.308 ± 0.004, and 0.055 ± 0.002 mg/mL, respectively. The ORAC and FRAP values of JPT water extract were 40.338 ± 2.273 μM of Trolox/μg of extract and 23.07 ± 1.84 mM FeSO4/mg sample, respectively. Several well-known antioxidant-related compounds including amaronols, quinic acid, gallic acid, fertaric acid, kurigalin, amlaic acid, isoterchebin, chebulagic acid, ginkgolide C, chebulinic acid, ellagic acid, and rutin were found in this extract. Treatment with JPT water extract at 1 and 5 mg/mL increased C. elegans lifespan under normal growth condition (7.26 ± 0.65 vs. 10.4 0± 0.75 (p < 0.01) and 10.00 ± 0.73 (p < 0.01) days, respectively). Conclusions The results indicated that JPT and its herbal ingredients exhibited strong antioxidant activities, in particular the water extract of the polyherbal tonic. These findings rationalize further investigation in JPT infusion as a promising agent for anti-aging and oxidative stress prevention.
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Arun S, Burawat J, Yannasithinon S, Sukhorum W, Limpongsa A, Iamsaard S. Phyllanthus emblica leaf extract ameliorates testicular damage in rats with chronic stress. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:948-959. [PMID: 30507078 PMCID: PMC6305255 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stress affects the male reproductive system and can cause sub-fertility or infertility. Although Phyllanthus emblica L. (PE) extract has been shown to have high antioxidant capacity and protective properties in damaged tissue, the preventive effects of PE extract on testicular function from stress-related impairment have never been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PE aqueous leaf extract on testicular impairment and protein marker changes in rats suffering from chronic stress. Adult male rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a chronic stress (CS) group, and two groups with CS that received different doses of PE extract (50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)). In the treatment groups, the animals were given PE extract daily before stress induction for 42 consecutive days. Stress was induced through immobilization (4 h/d) followed by forced cold swimming (15 min/d). Sperm quality and the histology of the testes and caudal epididymis were examined, as were levels of serum corticosterone, testosterone, and malondialdehyde (MDA). The expressions of testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins were investigated using immuno-Western blot analysis, as these proteins are assumed to play important roles in spermatogenesis and androgen synthesis. The results showed that PE (50 mg/kg BW) significantly increased sperm concentration and testosterone levels, while decreasing corticosterone levels, MDA levels, sperm head abnormalities, and acrosome-reacted sperm in CS rats. In addition, PE at both doses was found to diminish testicular histopathology in the CS rats. We also found that 50 mg/kg BW of PE significantly improved StAR protein expression and altered the intensities of some tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in testis. We conclude that PE leaf extract at 50 mg/kg BW can prevent testicular damage in rats with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatcharee Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Product, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jaturon Burawat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Wannisa Sukhorum
- School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Akgpol Limpongsa
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Product, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Product, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Subramanya SB, Venkataraman B, Meeran MFN, Goyal SN, Patil CR, Ojha S. Therapeutic Potential of Plants and Plant Derived Phytochemicals against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123776. [PMID: 30486484 PMCID: PMC6321362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP), which is also known as paracetamol or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol is a safe and potent drug for fever, pain and inflammation when used at its normal therapeutic doses. It is available as over-the-counter drug and used by all the age groups. The overdose results in acute liver failure that often requires liver transplantation. Current clinical therapy for APAP-induced liver toxicity is the administration of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a sulphydryl compound an approved drug which acts by replenishing cellular glutathione (GSH) stores in the liver. Over the past five decades, several studies indicate that the safety and efficacy of herbal extracts or plant derived compounds that are used either as monotherapy or as an adjunct therapy along with conventional medicines for hepatotoxicity have shown favorable responses. Phytochemicals mitigate necrotic cell death and protect against APAP-induced liver toxicityby restoring cellular antioxidant defense system, limiting oxidative stress and subsequently protecting mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Recent experimental evidences indicat that these phytochemicals also regulate differential gene expression to modulate various cellular pathways that are implicated in cellular protection. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the role of the phytochemicals, which are shown to be efficacious in clinically relevant APAP-induced hepatotoxicity experimental models. In this review, we have made comprehensive attempt to delineate the molecular mechanism and the cellular targets that are modulated by the phytochemicals to mediate the cytoprotective effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. In this review, we have also defined the challenges and scope of phytochemicals to be developed as drugs to target APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box # 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE.
| | - Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box # 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE.
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box # 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE.
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra 424 001, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425 405, India.
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425 405, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box # 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE.
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Nisar MF, He J, Ahmed A, Yang Y, Li M, Wan C. Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the Genus Phyllanthus: A Review of the Recent Literature. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102567. [PMID: 30297661 PMCID: PMC6222918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have served humans since prehistoric times to treat various ailments. Both developed and underdeveloped countries rely on traditional systems of medication using natural sources from plants. Phyllanthus is one of the largest genus in the family Phyllanthaceae, comprising over 700 well known species cosmopolitan in distribution mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Phyllanthus species are being in constant used in traditional medications to cure an array of human diseases (constipation, inhalation related, arthritis, loss of appetite, injuries, conjunctivitis, diarrhoea, running nose, common cold, malaria, blennorrhagia, colic, diabetes mellitus, dysentery, indigestion, fever, gout, gonorrheal diseases of males and females, skin itching, jaundice, hepatic disorders, leucorrhea, vaginitis, menstrual irregularities, obesity, stomach pains, and tumors), confectionaries, food industry, and in some pesticides. Phyllanthus species are rich in diversity of phytochemicals e.g., tannins, terpenes, alkaloids, glycosidic compounds, saponins, and flavones etc. More in depth studies are a direly needed to identify more compounds with specific cellular functions to treat various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Junwei He
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Arsalan Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Mingxi Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Traditional knowledge to clinical trials: A review on therapeutic actions of Emblica officinalis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1292-1302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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