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Ahmed HB, Mikhail MM, Abdallah AEM, El-Shahat M, Emam HE. Pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives as sprout for CQDs proveniences: Antitumor and anti-inflammatory potentiality. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106902. [PMID: 37806048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study is proposed to show the effect of variation in the heteroatoms in the main skeleton of CQDs proveniences, on their affinity for nucleation of CQDs, as anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs. Heterocyclic-based CQDs sprout was successfully exploited for preparation of three CQDs proveniences, named as; 2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,6-dioxo-6,11-dihydro-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b] quinazoline-3-carbonitrile (compound A), 2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,6-dioxo-4H,6H-benzo[e]pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-3-carbonitrile (compound S) and 2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,6-dioxo-4H,6H-benzo[e]pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3] thiazine-3-carbonitrile (compound T). Chemical formulas of CQDs proveniences & CQDs were verified via FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR & XRD. Particle size of TM-CQDs, A-CQDs, S-CQDs & T-CQDs were estimated to be 3.7 ± 1.4, 4.6 ± 1.6, 5.9 ± 1.6 nm and 3.0 ± 1.3 nm, respectively. All of CQDs proveniences & CQDs were examined for their affinity as anti-inflammatory drugs via Griess assay. CQDs ingrained from TM (TM-CQDs) were detected with the highest NO inhibition% by increasing its concentration from 10 up to 100 μM to be 40 % to 89 %, respectively. Moreover, their anti-tumor performance against MCF-7: breast Adenocarcinoma cell line was approved via sulforhodamine B assay, whereas, IC50 was evaluated for TM-CQDs, A-CQDs, S-CQDs and T-CQDs to be 38.16, 36.09, 100 and 100 μg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan B Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Mary M Mikhail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Amira E M Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Shahat
- Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Hossam E Emam
- Department of Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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2
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Halder J, Mahanty R, Rajwar TK, Rai VK, Kar B, Ghosh G, Rath G. Nanofibers of Glycyrrhizin/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex: Enhanced Solubility Profile and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Glycyrrhizin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:196. [PMID: 37783948 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite having a wide range of therapeutic advantages, glycyrrhizin (GL) has few commercial applications due to its poor aqueous solubility. In this study, we combined the benefits of hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-βCD) supramolecular inclusion complexes and electrospun nanofibers to improve the solubility and therapeutic potential of GL. A molecular inclusion complex containing GL and HP-βCD was prepared by lyophilization at a 1:2 molar ratio. GL and hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were also incorporated into hyaluronic acid (HA) nanofibers. Prepared NF was analyzed for physical, chemical, thermal, and pharmaceutical properties. Additionally, a rat model of carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and macrophage cell lines was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of GL-HP-βCD NF. The DSC and XRD analyses clearly showed the amorphous state of GL in nanofibers. In comparison to pure GL, GL-HP-βCD NF displayed improved release (46.6 ± 2.16% in 5 min) and dissolution profiles (water dissolvability ≤ 6 s). Phase solubility results showed a four-fold increase in GL solubility in GL-HP-βCD NF. In vitro experiments on cell lines showed that inflammatory markers like IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly lower in GL-HP-βCD NF compared to pure GL (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). According to in vivo results, the prepared nanofiber exhibits a better anti-inflammatory effect than pure GL (63.4% inhibition vs 53.7% inhibition). The findings presented here suggested that GL-HP-βCD NF could serve as a useful strategy for improving the therapeutic effects of GL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitu Halder
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ritu Mahanty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Rajwar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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Huang SKH, Bueno PRP, Garcia PJB, Lee MJ, De Castro-Cruz KA, Leron RB, Tsai PW. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Effects of Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. Flower Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3168. [PMID: 37687413 PMCID: PMC10489841 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. flowers (OF-F) have been traditionally consumed as a functional food and utilized as folk medicine. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of OF-F extracts on prostate cancer cells (DU-145) and determined possible protein-ligand interactions of its compounds in silico. The crude OF-F extracts-water (W) and ethanol (E) were tested for phytochemical screening, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. Network and molecular docking analyses of chemical markers were executed to establish their application for anticancer drug development. OF-F-E possessed higher total polyphenols (233.360 ± 3.613 g/kg) and tannin (93.350 ± 1.003 g/kg) contents than OF-F-W. In addition, OF-F-E extract demonstrated effective DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.173 ± 0.004 kg/L) and contained a high FRAP value (830.620 ± 6.843 g Trolox/kg). In cell culture experiments, OF-F-E significantly reduced NO levels and inhibited cell proliferation of RAW-264.7 and DU-145 cell lines, respectively. Network analysis revealed O. fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. metabolites could affect thirteen molecular functions and thirteen biological processes in four cellular components. These metabolites inhibited key proteins of DU-145 prostate cancer using molecular docking with rutin owning the highest binding affinity with PIKR31 and AR. Hence, this study offered a new rationale for O. fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. metabolites as a medicinal herb for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kuan-Hua Huang
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (S.K.-H.H.); (M.-J.L.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 711, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Paolo Robert P. Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Metro Manila 1000, Philippines;
- School of Medicine, The Manila Times College of Subic, Zambales 2222, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Adamson University, Metro Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Patrick Jay B. Garcia
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (S.K.-H.H.); (M.-J.L.)
| | - Kathlia A. De Castro-Cruz
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
| | - Rhoda B. Leron
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Metro Manila 1002, Philippines; (P.J.B.G.); (K.A.D.C.-C.); (R.B.L.)
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan; (S.K.-H.H.); (M.-J.L.)
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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Batiha GES, Al-Snafi AE, Thuwaini MM, Teibo JO, Shaheen HM, Akomolafe AP, Teibo TKA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Garbeeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M. Morus alba: a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4. [PMID: 36877269 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Morus alba is a fast-growing shrub or medium-sized tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk. Medicinally, whole plants, leaves, fruits, branches, and roots have been employed. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical components and pharmacologic and mechanism of action of the Morus alba. This was reviewed to assess important updates about Morus alba. The fruits of Morus alba have traditionally been used as an analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-rheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive, hypoglycemia, purgative, restorative, sedative tonic, and blood stimulant. Various plant parts were used as a cooling, sedating, diuretic, tonic, and astringent agent to treat nerve disorders. The plant contained tannins, steroids, phytosterols, sitosterol, glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids, as well as saponins, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, benzofuran derivatives, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, glycosides, vitamins, and minerals. Previous pharmacological research identified antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunological, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, dermatological, neurological, muscular, and protecting effects. This study looked at Morus alba's traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, El Beheira, Egypt.
| | - Ali Esmail Al-Snafi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Mahdi M Thuwaini
- College of Medical and Healthy Techniques, Southern Technique University, Basra, Iraq
| | - John Oluwafemi Teibo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão, Preto Medical School , University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hazem M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, El Beheira, Egypt
| | | | - Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoRibeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacologyand, Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine , Almustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Garbeeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacologyand, Therapeutic Medicine, College of Medicine , Almustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia.,AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
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6
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Wani MY, Ganie NA, Wani DM, Wani AW, Dar SQ, Khan AH, A Khan N, Manzar MS, Dehghani MH. The phenolic components extracted from mulberry fruits as bioactive compounds against cancer: A review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1136-1152. [PMID: 36592613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In Asia, mulberry has long been used to treat various infectious and internal ailments as a traditional medication. The compounds found in it have the potential to improve human health. Because there is no approved and defined evaluation procedure, it has not been formally or scientifically recognized. As a result of these investigations, a new frontier in traditional Chinese medicine has opened up, with the possibility of modernization, for the interaction between active components of mulberry and their biological activities. These studies have used current biotechnological technologies. For ages, mulberry has been used as an herbal remedy in Asia to cure various diseases and internal disorders. It has a high concentration of bioactive chemicals that benefit human health. The most abundant phenolic components extracted from white mulberry leaves are flavonoids (Kuwanons, Moracinflavans, Moragrols, and Morkotins), phenolic acids, alkaloids, and so forth. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones, and alkaloids have been discovered to have cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines. There is growing evidence that mulberry fruits can potentially prevent cancer and other aging-related disorders due to their high concentration of bioactive polyphenolic-rich compounds and macro and micronutrients. Anthocyanins are rapidly absorbed after eating, arriving in the plasmalemma within 15-50 min and entirely removed after 6-8 hr. Due to a lack of an approved and consistent technique for its examination, it has yet to be formally or scientifically recognized. The mulberry plant is commercially grown for silkworm rearing, and less attention is paid to its bioactive molecules, which have a lot of applications in human health. This review paper discusses the phenolic compounds of white mulberry and black mulberry in detail concerning their role in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Younus Wani
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - N A Ganie
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - D M Wani
- Division of Entomology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - S Q Dar
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, Mewat Engineering College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Saood Manzar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Raheem KY, Ibukunoluwa FP, Olorundare SA, Nandwa JO, Abayomi MA, Uchechukwu EJ, Adewunmi M, Blessing KZ, Anthony MM, Gbadebo MI, Daniel FT. Therapeutic capability of selected medicinal plants' bioactive constituents against the mutant ovarian TP53 gene; a computational approach. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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8
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Nguyen LTK, Hoang HNT, Do TT, Tran TVA, Nguyen HT, Ho DV. Sesquiterpenoids from the rhizomes of Homalomena pendula and their anti-inflammatory activities. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35337228 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2056182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen sesquiterpenoids including two new ones, homalolides A - B (1‒2), were firstly isolated from the methanolic extract of the rhizomes of Homalomena pendula collected in Vietnam. The structures and relative stereochemistry of new compounds were elucidated by 1D-/2D-NMR, IR, UV and HRESIMS analyses. The GCMS experiment demonstrated that homalolide A (1) is an artifact due to the methylation during methanolic extraction process. All isolates (1‒16) were tested for their inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Compounds 1, 3, 6‒8, 10‒12 displayed moderate inhibitory effect on NO production with IC50 values ranging from 35.41 to 64.06 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thuy Khanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hanh Nhu Thi Hoang
- Faculty of Engineering and Food Technology, Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Van Anh Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hoai Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Duc Viet Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
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Bhagavatham SKS, Kannan V, Darshan VMD, Sivaramakrishnan V. Nucleotides modulate synoviocyte proliferation and osteoclast differentiation in macrophages with potential implications for rheumatoid arthritis. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:504. [PMID: 34840926 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
P2 receptors are nucleotide-activated receptors involved in inflammation, cell proliferation osteoblastogenesis, osteoclastogenesis and their function. They can be potential role players in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our analysis of gene expression datasets of synovial tissue biopsy from the GEO database shows changes in the expression levels of P2 receptors. HIG-82, a synovial fibroblast cell line and RAW 264.7, a macrophage cell line are good in vitro models to study RA. Nucleotide addition experiments showed UDP Glucose significantly increased the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts (HIG-82). Similarly, nucleotides such as Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), Adenosine di-phosphate (ADP), Uridine tri-phosphate (UTP), Uridine di-phosphate (UDP) and Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) activity in RAW264.7 cells. The ADP-induced TRAP could be inhibited by clopidogrel a P2Y12 inhibitor. ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP and UDPG also induced osteoclastogenesis as evident from fused multinucleate cells and expression of osteoclast markers (TRAP, Cathepsin K [CTSK]) as determined by Q-PCR. Apyrase (APY) a nucleotidase and an enzyme that is used to modulate extracellular nucleotide concentration is sufficient to induce osteoclastogenesis. Taken together our results show that nucleotides modulate synoviocyte proliferation and macrophage differentiation into osteoclast and play an important role in RA. Nucleotide receptors might be potential therapeutic targets in RA. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03052-8.
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Saifullah B, Arulselvan P, El Zowalaty ME, Tan WS, Fakurazi S, Webster TJ, Baby R, Hussein MZ. A Novel Para-Amino Salicylic Acid Magnesium Layered Hydroxide Nanocomposite Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Delivery System with Enhanced in vitro Therapeutic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7035-7050. [PMID: 34703226 PMCID: PMC8526802 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s297040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections are associated with severe local inflammatory reactions, which may be life-threatening and lead to tuberculosis pathogenesis and associated complications. Inorganic nanolayers have been vastly exploited for biomedical applications (especially in drug delivery) because of their biocompatible and biodegradable nature with the ability to release a drug in a sustained manner. Herein, we report a new nanodelivery system of inorganic nanolayers based on magnesium layered hydroxides (MgLH) and a successfully intercalated anti-tuberculosis drug para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). METHODS The designed anti-tuberculosis nanodelivery composite, MgLH-PAS, was prepared by a novel co-precipitation method using MgNO3 as well MgO as starting materials. RESULTS The designed nano-formulation, PAS-MgLH, showed good antimycobacterial and antimicrobial activities with significant synergistic anti-inflammatory effects on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The designed nano-formulation was also found to be biocompatible with human normal lung cells (MRC-5) and 3T3 fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the in vitro release of PAS from PAS-MgLH was found to be sustained in human body simulated phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solutions of pH 7.4 and pH 4.8. DISCUSSION The results of the present study are highly encouraging for further in vivo studies. This new nanodelivery system, MgLH, can be exploited in the delivery of other drugs and in numerous other biomedical applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bullo Saifullah
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Management Sciences and Technology, The Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University Sukkur, Sukkur, Sindh, 65170, Pakistan
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory for Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
- Muthayammal Centre for Advanced Research, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637408, India
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Laboratory for Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Woan Sean Tan
- Laboratory for Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rabia Baby
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kim JH, Gao D, Jeong WS, Kim CT, Cho CW, Kim HM, Kang JS. Anti-Wrinkle Effect of Isatis indigotica Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091339. [PMID: 34572971 PMCID: PMC8469237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatis indigotica leaf is an oriental herbal medicine that has been known for various pharmacological effects. However, its anti-wrinkle activity has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-wrinkle effect of I. indigotica leaf extract on human skin. The purified extract inhibited 85.4% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl and 72.2% of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Nitrite production was reduced by 30% after treatment with 50 μg/mL of extract. Three fractions from the extract downregulated the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 and upregulated the expression of interleukin 4. Among the three fractions, fraction 2 exhibited the highest activity. The major component of the extract was identified as 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Molecular docking was conducted to predict the binding mechanism of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic with matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3, and their binding energies were -5.20 and -4.89 kcal/mol, respectively. In a clinical trial, five roughness values of visiometer and visual score were significantly reduced in treated groups compared with the placebo group after 8 weeks. I. indigotica leaf extract inhibits wrinkle formation, and could be a potential anti-wrinkle agent. This is the first clinical trial demonstrating its anti-wrinkle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyeok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Dan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
| | | | | | - Chong Woon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (H.M.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (H.M.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (H.M.K.); (J.S.K.)
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12
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Chang BY, Koo BS, Kim SY. Pharmacological Activities for Morus alba L., Focusing on the Immunostimulatory Property from the Fruit Aqueous Extract. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081966. [PMID: 34441742 PMCID: PMC8393821 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the extraction method, numerous compounds that have specific pharmacological effects can be obtained from M. alba L. There is a growing scientific interest in health problems related to aging. Efforts to develop safe immune-enhancing pharmaceuticals are increasing. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss the immunity enhancement effects and pharmaceutical efficacy of M. alba L. extracts. The scientific database search was conducted using Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed until May 2021. Additional articles were identified and obtained from references in the retrieved articles. Ethanol or methanol extraction of various parts of M. alba L. identified a large amount of phenols and flavonoids, which are effective for immunosuppression, antioxidants, and cardiovascular diseases, and are antibacterial, and anticancer. Water extraction of M. alba L. enhanced the innate immune response based on immune cell activation. A polysaccharide and an alkaloid related to increased macrophage activity were isolated from M. alba L. fruit extracts. M. alba L. fruit water extracts primarily induced the production of pro-inflammatory substances, in model organisms, via TLR4 in immune cells. Water extracts have been shown to be effective in pathogen defense and tumor suppression by enhancing macrophage activity. Based on our literature review on the bioactivity of M. alba L. fruit extracts, particularly in relation to their immunity enhancement activity, we anticipate that M. alba-derived pharmaceuticals will have excellent potential in future medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yoon Chang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Bong-Seong Koo
- ForBioKorea Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08592, Korea;
| | - Sung-Yeon Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-850-6806
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13
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 4-((1 R,2 R)-3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol Isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim. in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Zebrafish Larvae Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080771. [PMID: 34451869 PMCID: PMC8398860 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Juglans mandshurica Maxim., a traditional folk medicinal plant, is widely distributed in Korea and China. In our previous study, we isolated a new phenylpropanoid compound, 4-((1R,2R)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (HHMP), from J. mandshurica. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of HHMP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish larvae. HHMP significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 production in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HHMP treatment considerably suppressed LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. We also demonstrated the mechanisms of HHMP inhibition of inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, HHMP significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish larvae. Consequently, we established that HHMP significantly inhibited the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK and the nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the effect of HHMP on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential to be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.
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14
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Chaingam J, Juengwatanatrakul T, Yusakul G, Kanchanapoom T, Putalun W. HPLC-UV-Based Simultaneous Determination of Canthin-6-One Alkaloids, Quassinoids, and Scopoletin: The Active Ingredients in Eurycoma Longifolia Jack and Eurycoma Harmandiana Pierre, and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:802-810. [PMID: 33064798 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quassinoids and canthin-6-one alkaloids are bioactive markers of Eurycoma longifolia (EL) and E. harmandiana (EH) and have been commercially utilized to treat inflammation and male infertility. OBJECTIVES This study aims to reveal the contents of bioactive compounds and compare anti-inflammatory activities of these two species. METHODS HPLC methods coupled with UV-Vis detection were developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of the chemical profiles and their contents in EL and EH. The anti-inflammatory activities of both species were investigated using RAW 264.7 cell line. RESULTS The HPLC methods provided a sensitivity (LOD) of 0.02-0.05 µg/mL for the eight bioactive compounds (canthin-6-one alkaloids, quassinoids, and scopoletin) with high precision (% relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤6.48) and recoveries between 80.0 and 120%. The chaparrinone: eurycomanone ratio was high in EH, whereas EL had a higher ratio of eurycomanone: chaparrinone than EH. The contents of total canthin-6-one alkaloids, quassinoids, and scopoletin were 0.01-0.75, 0.19-1.54, and 0.01-0.28 mg/g, respectively, in EL roots and 0.12-1.80, 7.05-9.26, and 0.02 mg/g, respectively, in EH roots. The anti-inflammatory effects of EL and EH extracts varied among the samples due to the variation in their chemical constituents. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study indicated that chaparrinone was the major compound in EH. EH exhibited anti-inflammatory activity to the same extent as EL. HIGHLIGHTS EH and EL extracts were analyzed using developed HPLC-UV methods, revealing a high concentration of chaparrinone in EH, and an anti-inflammatory assay indicated that EH had a potency comparable to that of EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranan Chaingam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University-Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, 222 Thaiburi, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | | | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (PANPB), National Research University-Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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15
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Hossen I, Hua W, Mehmood A, Raka RN, Jingyi S, Jian-Ming J, Min X, Shakoor A, Yanping C, Wang C, Junsong X. Glochidion ellipticum Wight extracts ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signalling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:410-423. [PMID: 33793884 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glochidion ellipticum Wight is a medicinal plant, rich in polyphenols, frequently used by the indigenous communities of Bangladesh and possess with multiple health benefits. It exerts anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal properties, but the detailed chemical constituents are yet to be elucidated. METHODS Glochidion ellipticum extracts were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and then tested by both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation of Raw 264.7 macrophage cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced acute colitis model. Blood serum was taken for fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) measurement and tissue samples were used to perform histology, RT-PCR and Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS The extracts could lower the levels of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly in LPS induced macrophage cells. The extracts could also reduce disease activity index (DAI) score, restore antioxidants and pro-oxidants and improve macroscopic and microscopic features of colonic tissues in DSS induced mice. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in protein level was markedly diminished (up to 51.21% and 71.11%, respectively) in the treatment groups compared to the model group of colitic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that G. ellipticum extracts ameliorate DSS colitis via blocking nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which make them to be potential candidates for further research against inflammation and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Hossen
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Hua
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Rifat Nowshin Raka
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Song Jingyi
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Jian-Ming
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Min
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Ashbala Shakoor
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Yanping
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Junsong
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
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16
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Adegbaju OD, Otunola GA, Afolayan AJ. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic evaluation of extracts from the flowering stage of Celosia argentea. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:152. [PMID: 32448324 PMCID: PMC7245859 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was aimed at investigating the possible anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of extracts from the flowering stage of C. argentea. This growth stage was chosen because of its high polyphenolic content and high antioxidant capacity. Methods Anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous, acetone and methanol extracts of C. argentea was evaluated through the inhibition of nitric oxide production (LPS-induced) on stimulated macrophages (RAW 264.7), while MTT assay was used to assess cell viability with Silymarin as standard. Cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was evaluated on murine preadipocyte cell line (3 T3-L1) using the image-based method of two DNA-binding dyes; Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (PI) with melphalan as standard. Results Acetone extract exhibited moderate, dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity with no significant toxicity to activated macrophages, however the aqueous and methanol extracts were unable to inhibit nitric oxide production at both trials. MTT assay and the toxicity assay revealed that the flowering stage extracts of C. argentea were not toxic to the RAW 264.7 macrophages and 3 T3-L1 cells at all the tested concentrations (0, 2, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL). Conclusions These findings corroborate the traditional use of C. argentea for painful inflammatory conditions and encourage its possible use as lead for the development of novel, non-toxic, anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafunmilayo Dorcas Adegbaju
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Gloria Aderonke Otunola
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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Hankittichai P, Buacheen P, Pitchakarn P, Na Takuathung M, Wikan N, Smith DR, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W. Artocarpus lakoocha Extract Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041355. [PMID: 32079307 PMCID: PMC7072914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. (AL) has been known for its high content of stilbenoids, especially oxyresveratrol. AL has been used in Thai traditional medicine for centuries. However, the role of AL in regulating inflammation has not been elucidated. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammation of AL ethanolic extract in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The HPLC results revealed that this plant was rich in oxyresveratrol, and AL ethanolic extract exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. In particular, AL extract decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated production and secretion of cytokines and chemokine, including IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. Consistently, the extract inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatants of LPS-stimulated cells. Data from the immunofluorescence study showed that AL extract suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) upon LPS induction. Results from Western blot analysis further confirmed that AL extract strongly prevented the LPS-induced degradation of IκB which is normally required for the activation of NF-κB. The protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in response to LPS stimulation was significantly decreased with the presence of AL extract. AL extract was found to play an anti-inflammatory role, in part through inhibiting LPS-induced activation of Akt. The extract had negligible impact on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Specifically, incubation of cells with the extract for only 3 h demonstrated the rapid action of AL extract on inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt, but not ERK1/2. Longer exposure (24 h) to AL extract was required to mildly reduce the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK MAPKs. These results indicate that AL extract manipulates its anti-inflammatory effects mainly through blocking the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signal transduction pathways. Collectively, we believe that AL could be a potential alternative agent for alleviating excessive inflammation in many inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phateep Hankittichai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pensiri Buacheen
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (N.W.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Duncan R. Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (N.W.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +66-53-934597
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18
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Riyadi PH, Wahyudi D, Alexander Tanod W. Effects of dichloromethane Sarcophyton spp. extract on the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of nuclear factor-kappa B and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice. Vet World 2019; 12:1897-1902. [PMID: 32095038 PMCID: PMC6989332 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1897-1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The soft coral genus Sarcophyton is a source of cembraneterpen. Sarcophyton is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, with the ability to reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of soft coral Sarcophyton spp. to inhibit the expression of NF-κB and iNOS induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude extracts of Sarcophyton spp. were macerated with DCM (1:3 v/v) for 24 h. Thirty-six Balb/c mice were divided into six treatment groups, namely, normal control (without LPS induction), negative control (LPS induction 4 mg/mL), comparative control (LPS+Dexamethasone 6 mg/kg), and 3 concentration groups extract (LPS+50, 125, and 250 mg/kg). The expression of NF-κB and iNOS was measured in each treatment group. RESULTS Flow cytometry analysis showed that the relative number of NF-κB+ cells increased (18.38±1.24%) in LPS-induced mice compared with normal mice (13.24±1.15%). The Sarcophyton spp. DCM extracts decreased the relative number of NF-κB+ cells (125 mg/kg: 13.96±0.84%). Immunohistochemical analysis with ImmunoMembrane showed that LPS induction in mice increased iNOS expression when compared to normal mice. The Sarcophyton spp. DCM extracts reduced iNOS expression (especially at 125 mg/kg). CONCLUSION DCM extracts of Sarcophyton spp. inhibited the activation of NF-κB, resulting in suppressed iNOS expression, which directly inhibits NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putut Har Riyadi
- Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Fisheries Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Didik Wahyudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wendy Alexander Tanod
- Department of Fisheries Product Technology, Institute of Fisheries and Marine (Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan dan Kelautan), Palu 94118, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
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Wongwat T, Srihaphon K, Pitaksutheepong C, Boonyo W, Pitaksuteepong T. Suppression of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 by Morus alba stem extract and oxyresveratrol in RAW 264.7 cells and C28/I2 human chondrocytes. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:132-140. [PMID: 32257876 PMCID: PMC7109470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Morus alba stem extract (MSE) and oxyresveratrol on the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 human chondrocyte cell line. The chondroprotective effect was also investigated using the chondrocyte cell line. First, MSE was prepared and analyzed for the amount of oxyresveratrol. The anti-inflammatory effects of MSE at various concentrations were evaluated through the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)-E2 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 production. Oxyresveratrol at the equivalent amount found in the extract was investigated in the same manner. The chondroprotective effect was investigated through the suppression of MMP-13 production. The results showed that oxyresveratrol content in MSE was 15%. In RAW 264.7 cells, MSE (5-50 μg/mL) could inhibit the NO (24-30%) and PGE2 (11-82%) production. Oxyresveratrol at 0.75 and 7.5 μg/mL could suppress NO and also inhibited PGE2 but at only at high concentration. In the chondrocyte cell line, MSE at 5-100 μg/mL significantly decreased the PGE2 and COX-2 production by 44-93% and 17-65%, respectively. Again, oxyresveratrol at both concentrations could significantly inhibit PGE2 production by 50-92% but it inhibited COX-2 only at high concentration. In addition, MSE and oxyresveratrol was shown to significantly inhibit MMP-13 production by 14-57% and 16-56%, depending on their concentrations. The MSE demonstrates the potential to be used as an alternative treatment for reducing inflammation and preventing cartilage degradation. Its component, oxyresveratrol, may exert these effects to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thidarat Wongwat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Srihaphon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Chetsadaporn Pitaksutheepong
- Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Worawan Boonyo
- Department of Pharmacy Technician, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Wangthong, Phitsanulok, 65130, Thailand
| | - Tasana Pitaksuteepong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Inhibitory effects of Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) against local paw edema and mechanical hypernociception induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1046-1056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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22
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Yiemwattana I, Chaisomboon N, Jamdee K. Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Morus alba Stem Extract. Open Dent J 2018; 12:265-274. [PMID: 29760819 PMCID: PMC5897991 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Evidence for the anti inflammatory activity of M. alba Stem Extract (MSE) in periodontal disease is limited. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of MSE on the growth of periodontopathic bacteria and expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human Periodontal Ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts. Methods: The antimicrobial activities of MSE were tested against P. gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by the disk diffusion, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration methods. Cytotoxicity of P. gingivalis LPS and MSE on hPDL fibroblasts was determined by MTS assay. The expression of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) mRNA and proteins in hPDL fibroblasts was measured using the reverse transcription-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results:
MSE exhibited antibacterial activities against
P. gingivalis
and
A. actinomycetemcomitans
with the zones of inhibition of 10.00 ± 0.33 mm and 17.33 ± 0.58 mm, respectively. MIC and MBC values for MSE against P. gingivalis were 62.5 μg/ml. The MIC and MBC values against A. actinomycetemcomitans were 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/ml, respectively. P. gingivalis LPS was shown to mediate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in hPDL fibroblasts. However, treatment with MSE concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 μg/ml significantly suppressed P. gingivalis LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA and protein expression (p< 0.05). Conclusion:
The present study demonstrates that MSE has antibacterial activity against two putative periodontal pathogens. MSE suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 expression in
P. gingivalis
LPS-stimulated hPDL fibroblasts, indicating a possible anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, it is a potential adjunctive agent for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichaya Yiemwattana
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Niratcha Chaisomboon
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kusuma Jamdee
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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