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Kim JH, Gao D, Jeong WS, Kim CT, Cho CW, Kim HM, Kang JS. Anti-Wrinkle Effect of Isatis indigotica Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation, and Clinical Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091339. [PMID: 34572971 PMCID: PMC8469237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatis indigotica leaf is an oriental herbal medicine that has been known for various pharmacological effects. However, its anti-wrinkle activity has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-wrinkle effect of I. indigotica leaf extract on human skin. The purified extract inhibited 85.4% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-1picrylhydrazyl and 72.2% of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radicals at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Nitrite production was reduced by 30% after treatment with 50 μg/mL of extract. Three fractions from the extract downregulated the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 and upregulated the expression of interleukin 4. Among the three fractions, fraction 2 exhibited the highest activity. The major component of the extract was identified as 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Molecular docking was conducted to predict the binding mechanism of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic with matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3, and their binding energies were -5.20 and -4.89 kcal/mol, respectively. In a clinical trial, five roughness values of visiometer and visual score were significantly reduced in treated groups compared with the placebo group after 8 weeks. I. indigotica leaf extract inhibits wrinkle formation, and could be a potential anti-wrinkle agent. This is the first clinical trial demonstrating its anti-wrinkle activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyeok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Dan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
| | | | | | - Chong Woon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (H.M.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (H.M.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.C.); (H.M.K.); (J.S.K.)
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Gao D, Kim JH, Kim CT, Jeong WS, Kim HM, Sim J, Kang JS. Evaluation of Anti-Melanogenesis Activity of Enriched Pueraria lobata Stem Extracts and Characterization of Its Phytochemical Components Using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158105. [PMID: 34360871 PMCID: PMC8348418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) is a widely used herbal medicine worldwide, whereas the stem of the plant is discarded or used as feed for livestock. To reuse and exploit the stem of P. lobata as a resource, we investigated its potential as a skin-whitening agent. We found that the developed, enriched P. lobata stem (PLS) extract significantly inhibited melanin production in the 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-induced B16/F10 cells at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. To further confirm the mechanism of the antimelanogenic effect of the enriched PLS extracts, we examined the mRNA expression of tyrosinase, which was suppressed by the extracts. To standardize and implement effective quality control of the enriched PLS extracts, its major chemical constituents were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. In total, 12 constituents were identified. In silico analysis showed that the main constituents, puerarin and daidzin, had excellent binding affinities for human tyrosinase. Collectively, our results suggest that the PLS extracts could be used as anti-pigmentation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Jin Hyeok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
| | | | | | - Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Jaehoon Sim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5938 (J.S.); +82-42-821-5928 (J.S.K.)
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (J.H.K.); (H.M.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-821-5938 (J.S.); +82-42-821-5928 (J.S.K.)
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Gao D, Cho CW, Kim CT, Jeong WS, Kang JS. Evaluation of the Antiwrinkle Activity of Enriched Isatidis Folium Extract and an HPLC-UV Method for the Quality Control of Its Cream Products. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9111586. [PMID: 33207681 PMCID: PMC7698272 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, many extracts from natural sources are added to cosmetic products for reducing facial aging and wrinkles. This study investigated the antiwrinkle activity of enriched extract of Isatidis Folium used for a novel antiwrinkle cream product. The result demonstrated that this enriched extract has excellent antiwrinkle activity by significantly inhibiting mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and upregulating the mRNA expression of IL-4 and procollagen. Additionally, to implement effective quality control of the entire manufacturing process of antiwrinkle cream products based on the enriched extract of Isatidis Folium, the main chemical constituents of the enriched extract of Isatidis Folium was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS), five constituents were undisputedly confirmed. An HPLC-UV method in 15-min analysis time for quality assessment of the entire manufacturing process of antiwrinkle cream products was proposed and validated. The optimal conditions for extracting TMCA (3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid) from the developed antiwrinkle cream products were determined using response surface methodology based on central composite design. The established HPLC method and optimal extract condition are suitable for routinely analyzing this novel antiwrinkle cream product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (C.W.C.)
| | - Chong Woon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (C.W.C.)
| | | | | | - Jong Seong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.G.); (C.W.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-5928
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Ryang JH, Kim NH, Lee BS, Kim CT, Rhee MS. Destruction of Bacillus cereus spores in a thick soy bean paste (doenjang) by continuous ohmic heating with five sequential electrodes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:66-73. [PMID: 27214292 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study selected spores from Bacillus cereus FSP-2 strain (the isolate from a commercial doenjang processing line) as the test strain which showed significantly higher thermal resistance (P < 0·05) than B. cereus reference strain (ATCC 27348). The spores in doenjang were subjected to ohmic heating (OH) at 95, 105, 115 and 125°C for 30, 60 or 90 s using a five sequential electrode system (electrical field: 26·7 V cm(-1) ; alternating current frequency: 25 kHz). OH at 105°C for 30-90 s reduced the B. cereus spore count in doenjang samples to <4 log CFU g(-1) . Since OH treatment at 115 and 125°C caused a perceivable colour change in the product (>1·5 National Bureau of Standards units), treatment at 105°C for 60 s was selected and applied on a large scale (500 kg of product). Reliable and reproducible destruction of B. cereus spores occurred; the reductions achieved (to < 4 log CFU g(-1) ) met the Korean national standards. Scanning electron microscopy revealed microstructural alterations in the spores (shrinkage and a distorted outer spore coat). OH is an effective method for destroying B. cereus spores to ensure the microbiological quality and safety of a thick, highly viscous sauce. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that an ohmic heating (OH) using a five sequential electrode system can effectively destroy highly heat-resistant Bacillus cereus spores which have been frequently found in a commercial doenjang processing line without perceivable quality change in the product. In addition, it may demonstrate high potential of the unique OH system used in this study that will further contribute to ensure microbiological quality and safety of crude sauces containing high levels of electrolyte other than doenjang as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - N H Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B S Lee
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - C T Kim
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Ryang JH, Kim NH, Lee BS, Kim CT, Lee SH, Hwang IG, Rhee MS. Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores in a tsuyu sauce using continuous ohmic heating with five sequential elbow-type electrodes. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 120:175-84. [PMID: 26497155 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effect of ohmic heating (OH) in a pilot plant system which had a zig-zag shaped (elbow-type) ohmic heater with five sequential voltage electrodes was investigated on Bacillus cereus spores in a commercial tsuyu sauce. METHODS AND RESULTS The electrical field was fixed at 26·7 V cm(-1) with an alternating current frequency of 25 kHz. Raw tsuyu sauce (50 l) inoculated with B. cereus spores was submitted in a 4 × 3 factorial design to the OH system and heated at 95, 105, 115, and 125°C each for 30, 60, and 90 s. Survival of B. cereus spores and colour change in the commercial tsuyu sauce were both measured before and after treatment. As the treatment temperature and time increased, the number of surviving B. cereus spores decreased. The OH treatment in a bath-type process at 105°C for more than 30 s resulted in the total inactivation of the inoculated B. cereus spores (average 5·4 log reductions to undetectable levels after treatment). The OH protocol of heating at 105°C for 60 s which ensure complete eradication of the inoculated spores without compromising product quality was chosen and investigated for its suitability for commercial application on bulk quantities of samples (500 l). Reliable and reproducible reductions in B. cereus spore counts of 4·7-5·5 log CFU ml(-1) (mean ± standard deviation = 5·1 ± 0·3 CFU ml(-1) ) were achieved by the selected protocol of the continuous OH treatment (105°C for 60 s). CONCLUSION This study suggests that OH treatment with five sequential elbow-type electrodes has great potential as an industrial sterilizing method for liquid food contaminated with B. cereus spores. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This procedure will enhance the microbiological quality of liquid foods while minimizing quality deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - N H Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B S Lee
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - C T Kim
- Food Safety Research Institute, NONGSHIM Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Nutrition Safety Policy Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, North Chungcheong Province, Korea
| | - I G Hwang
- Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, North Chungcheong Province, Korea
| | - M S Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Yoo KD, An JN, Kim CT, Cho JH, Kim CD, Park SK, Chae DW, Oh YK, Lim CS, Kim YS, Kim YH, Lee JP. Clinical outcomes in Asian elderly kidney transplant recipients: a multicenter cohort study. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:600-7. [PMID: 25891695 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney transplantation rate in elderly patients is increasing rapidly. However, the clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation in elderly patients have not yet been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS This multicenter cohort study included adult kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) admitted to five major tertiary hospitals in Korea between 1997 and 2012. A total of 3,565 adult participants were enrolled. Patient survival, allograft survival, and biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) of 242 elderly recipients (≥ 60 years) were assessed and compared with those of a younger population. RESULTS Patients were divided into five groups according to age at time of transplantation. The proportion of elderly patients was 6.7 % (mean age, 63.1 ± 2.7 years; n = 242). The numbers of male patients (69.4%), those with diabetes mellitus history (36.3%), and those with pretransplantation ischemic heart disease history (17.7%) were significantly higher in the elderly group than in the younger age groups. Elderly patients were more likely to receive a cadaveric kidney, and overall mortality rates were significantly higher in the elderly patients (1-year survival 93.3%, 5-year survival 91.3%). However, death-censored allograft survival rate and BPAR were not affected by patient age (P = .104 and .501, respectively). Among the elderly, BPAR and female donors were independent risk factors for allograft loss. CONCLUSION The overall survival rate of the elderly KTRs was significantly lower than that of younger KTRs. However, the death-censored allograft survival rate did not differ between groups. Kidney transplantation should not be stagnated especially in elderly patients with end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J N An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - C T Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - C D Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - S K Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D W Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Y K Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - C S Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - J P Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To report a case of pneumatosis intestinalis complicated with sorbitol containing medicines. RESEARCH DESIGN Case report. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Clinical course and literature review. EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTIONS Chart review. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Large amount of sorbital may cause a reversible gastrointestinal complication, pneumatosis intestinalis. CONCLUSIONS In the assessment of enteral abnormalities, all components of medications, active and 'inactive', must be evaluated as possible aetiological factors of pneumatosis intestinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Kim
- Division of Child Development and Rehabilitation Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4388, USA.
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Abstract
The variable projection (VP) method for separable nonlinear least squares (SNLLS) is presented and incorporated into the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm for training two-layered feedforward neural networks. It is shown that the Jacobian of variable projected networks can be computed by simple modification of the backpropagation algorithm. The suggested algorithm is efficient compared to conventional techniques such as conventional Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA), hybrid gradient algorithm (HGA), and extreme learning machine (ELM).
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon, Korea.
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Lee NS, Kim CT, Han SY, Kawk JH, Sawada K, Fukui Y, Jeong YG. The absence of phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the purkinje cells of the ataxic mutant pogo mouse. Anat Histol Embryol 2006; 35:178-83. [PMID: 16677213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pogo mouse is a new ataxic autosomal recessive mutant that arose in Korean wild mice (KJR/Mskist). Its ataxic phenotype includes difficulty in maintaining a normal posture and the inability to walk in a straight line. Several studies have reported that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is persistently ectopically expressed in particular subsets of Purkinje cells in a parasagittal banding pattern in several ataxic mutant mice, e.g. tottering alleles and pogo mice. In this present study, we examined the expression of an enzymatically active form of TH and phosphorylated TH at Ser(40) (phospho-TH) by using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence in the cerebellum of pogo mice. TH immunostaining appeared in some Purkinje cells in pogo, but in only a few of Purkinje cells of their heterozygous littermate controls. In all groups of mice, no phospho-TH immunoreactive Purkinje cells were observed in the cerebellum, although subsets of TH immunoreactive Purkinje cells were found in adjacent sections. This study suggests that TH expression in the Purkinje cells of pogo abnormally increases without activation of this enzyme by phosphorylation. This may mean that TH in the Purkinje cells of these mutants does not catalyse the conversion of tyrosine to l-DOPA, and is not related to catecholamine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungnam 320-711, South Korea
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Jeong YG, Chung SH, Kim CT, Kim KH, Han SY, Hyun BH, Lee NS, Sawada K, Won MH, Fukui Y. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Immunoreactivity Increases in the Cerebellar Climbing Fibers in the Novel Ataxic Mutant Mouse, Pogo. Anat Histol Embryol 2006; 35:111-5. [PMID: 16542176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ataxic pogo mouse (pogo/pogo) is a novel neurological mutant, which was derived as an inbred strain (KJR/MsKist) from a Korean wild mouse. The pathological manifestations include a difficulty in maintaining a normal posture, the failure of inter-limb coordination and an inability to walk straight. In this study, we examined the distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive cerebellar climbing fibres and their projections to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive Purkinje cells in the cerebellum of the pogo mutant mouse using immunohistochemistry. In the pogo/pogo mouse, a subset of climbing fibres was stained more intensely for CRF than in the control. Moreover, ataxic pogo mouse, neurons of the inferior olivary nucleus projecting climbing fibres were also more intensely stained for CRF than in the control. In the pogo/pogo mouse, TH immunoreactivity was located in the Purkinje cells, whereas no TH expression was found in the control. Double immunostaining for CRF and TH in the pogo/pogo cerebellum revealed that the distribution of TH-immunoreactive Purkinje cells corresponded to terminal fields of CRF-immunoreactive climbing fibres but not to the CRF-immunoreactive mossy fibres. Therefore, we suggest that an increase of CRF level may alter the function of targeted Purkinje cells and that it is related to the ataxic phenotype in the pogo mutant mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Nonsan, Chungnam 320-711, South Korea.
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Kim CT, Bryant P. Complex regional pain syndrome (type I) after electrical injury: a case report of treatment with continuous epidural block. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82:993-5. [PMID: 11441391 DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 26-year-old man presented with severe complex regional pain syndrome type I of the affected limb after a work-related electrical injury. He suffered causalgia-like pain with no electrodiagnostic evidence of nerve injury. Early steroid and analgesic regimens did not adequately relieve these symptoms. His symptoms were temporarily relieved several times with stellate ganglion blocks. The patient underwent a cervical epidural block with a local anesthetic as well as a narcotic agonist over a 4-day period, which resulted in prompt, remarkable pain relief. Vocational rehabilitation was instituted as the pain subsided.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858-4354, USA.
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Park SK, Kim CT, Song SD. Outcome of chemotherapy in 107 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998; 2:877-84. [PMID: 9848607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Korea. OBJECTIVE Treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is considered to be clinically important, but there are few reports on this topic. We therefore retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of chemotherapy only for pulmonary MDR-TB. DESIGN We reviewed the clinical courses of 107 patients with pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to rifampin and isoniazid who were under follow-up between March 1996 and June 1996 after hospitalization between January 1993 and January 1996. We performed a retrospective cohort study for all the patients' records. Their regimens were selected individually and preferably included four medications that they had not been given previously and to which the strain was fully susceptible. RESULTS The 107 patients (mean age 38.3 years) had previously received a mean of five drugs, and were shedding bacilli that were resistant to a mean of four drugs. Of 63 patients with sufficient follow-up data, 52 (82.5%) responded to chemotherapy (as indicated by negative sputum cultures for at least three consecutive months); 11 (17.5%) had no response, as shown by continually positive cultures. In a univariate analysis, an unfavorable response was significantly associated with resistance to a greater number of drugs before the current courses of treatment (relative risk 21.5; 95% confidence interval 1.2-3.0; P < 0.05). The mean period of follow-up was 17 months. There was no subsequent relapse among the patients with responses, and there were no tuberculosis-related deaths. CONCLUSION In this study, multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis responded relatively well to carefully selected regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Park
- Clinical Institute, National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital, Korea
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Abstract
The purpose of the study contained herein was to determine the usefulness of electrical impedance for measurement of bladder volume in spinal cord-injured patients, with an assessment of the relationship between electrical impedance and bladder volume exclusively. The study was performed during urodynamic studies to match the exact bladder volume. Thirteen patients with complete spinal cord injuries were recruited. We used silver-silver chloride compound electrodes composed of one pair of current and amplitude electrodes to minimize the influence of superficial skin impedance. Each compound electrode was attached on the lower abdomen bilaterally after skin cleansing. Constant current (60 kHz-1.0 mA), converted from 9 V of direct current, was applied, and corresponding electrical impedance (omega) was measured at "pre" (before urodynamic empty bladder), "full" (with a urodynamic filled bladder), and "post" (after urodynamic empty bladder) status. Electrical impedance at the full status was definitely lower than that at the pre and post statuses in all subjects, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0. 001). The correlation between electrical impedance and bladder volume was negative (r = -0.7988), and the fact of how much the variation in electrical impedance could be explained by variation in bladder volume was estimated (r2 = 0.6381). From these findings, we have determined that the electrical impedance analysis technique can be an alternative measure of bladder volume indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Kim
- Kessler Institute of Rehabilitation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA
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Kim SJ, Bae SN, Kim JH, Kim CT, Han KT, Lee JM, Jung JK. Effects of multiagent chemotherapy and independent risk factors in the treatment of high-risk GTT--25 years experiences of KRI-TRD. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998; 60 Suppl 1:S85-96. [PMID: 9833620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A retrospective and comparative study of high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT) treated with different chemoregimen from 1971 to 1995 was performed and to find most effective chemotherapy regimen and independent risk factors. Three hundred seven patients in scoring over 8 points in WHO classification were categorized into high-risk group among 802 GTT cases received chemotherapy in the 2,418 GTD patients registered at KRI-TRD (Korean Research Institute for Gestational Trophoblastic Disease), Catholic University Medical College in Korea. Study groups of multiagent combination chemotherapy in 227 patients of the high-risk GTT were divided such as 49 cases of combination chemotherapy with MTX + folinic acid and Act-D, 40 cases of MAC regimen, 42 cases of CHAMOCA regimen, and 96 cases of EMA/CO. Initial tumor response according to hCG titer decrease was found in good response (log fall) 69.8%, of EMA /CO regimen group. On the other hand, good response was shown in only 24.5% of MTX + ACT-D, 32.5% of MAC regimen, and 52.4%, of CHAMOCA regimen respectively. Remission rate of EMA/CO regimen was 90.6% (87/96) and courses of chemotherapy until remission was 8.5+/-2.2. However, remission rate of other regimens of MTX + Act-D, MAC, and CHAMOCA were 63.3%, (31/49) 67.5% (27/40) and 76.2% (32/45) respectively, with 10.0+/-4.0, 10.7+/-4.3, 9.1+/-3.9 chemotherapy courses respectively until remission. Therefore, EMA/CO regimen groups were found to have low drug toxicity, early remission and a low failure rate. In the study of independent risk factors in the 165 cases of high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumor patients received EMA/CO regimen, stepwise Coxs proportional hazard's regression of prognostic factors using multivariate analysis revealed tumor age, number of metastatic organs, metastatic site and inadequate previous chemotherapy. According to the performance of fitted logistic regression model, the prediction rate of death and survival was 80.5%. CONCLUSIONS The most effective chemotherapy to high-risk GTT was EMA/CO regimen than other regimens. The following factors showed poor prognosis; 1) Tumor age is over 12 month, 2) more than 2 organs had metastatic lesion, 3) inadequate previous therapy that includes unplanned operation and inadequate previous chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Korean Research Institute of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, Catholic University School of Medicine, Seoul
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Kim CT, Findley TW, Reisman SR. Bioelectrical impedance changes in regional extracellular fluid alterations. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997; 37:297-304. [PMID: 9298342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in bioelectrical impedance (BI) can reveal regional extracellular fluid (ECF) alterations. ECF changes were induced by holding various arm positions for ten minutes, and they were evaluated through the measurement of BI in eight normal adult subjects. A low frequency current (100 Hz, 0.50 mA) was applied using an electromyography machine through two current electrodes, and the voltage signals were recorded by two amplitude electrodes. The corresponding BI was calculated by Ohm's law, resistance = voltage/current (R = V/I). There was no significant difference between BI and time interval, but between BI and arm position (two-way ANOVA with replicate, p = 0.954, p < 0.001). BI has a negative correlation with wrist circumference. These results show that this experimental method can be used as reflection of ECF changes and that both position and wrist circumference are major factors for BI in the upper extremity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Newark, Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, USA
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Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to determine a method of supporting the sympathetic skin response (SSR) as a sensitive clinical test. Using a non-invasive technique the SSRs are simultaneously recorded by 4 channel EMG machine. Thirty adults (10 women and 20 men, aged 19 to 46 years), normal and healthy, participated in this experiment. Not only did the latencies recorded on both palms respond faster than those on both soles, but the amplitudes measured on the palms were also higher. From these observations, one is bound to conclude that the SSR is not a segmental response but a long systemic response. More than two channel EMG recordings are desirable to see whether or not there is a lesion in any part of the SSR's pathway. Comparing the SSRs made both on the palms and soles simultaneously is recommendable in order to increase the its sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Kangwon-do, Korea
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Kim CT, Chung PR, Im KI. [Effect of in vivo administration of Tetrahymena pyriformis on the in vitro toxoplasmacidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages]. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 1991; 29:129-37. [PMID: 1954196 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1991.29.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahymena pyriformis is a free-living ciliate protozoan in the freshwater system. Experiments were carried out to determine whether intraperitoneal administration of T. pyriformis (GL strain) to mice activates macrophages to be able to kill Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro. Mice were also injected intraperitoneally with several synthetic activators; dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), dextran sulfate, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) as well as Toxoplasma and Tetrahymena lysates in order to activate mouse peritoneal macrophages. One week after the administration of activators, peritoneal cells were harvested and the adherent macrophages were challenged with Toxoplasma tachyzoites. Macrophage monolayers were then fixed with absolute methanol after washing, and stained with Giemsa solution. The percentage of the adherent cells infected and total number of organisms per 100 macrophages were calculated to make toxoplasmacidal activity of macrophages according to the cultivation time. Peritoneal macrophages from mice administered with Tetrahymena exhibited significant protection against target parasites as compared with those treated with synthetic activators. Among non-biological synthetic activators, DDA was evaluated as an excellent activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Kim
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Yang JM, Kim CT, Kim MI. The National Family Planning Program as a strategic platform for the improvement of maternal and child health in Korea. Yonsei Med J 1966; 7:76-85. [PMID: 5974428 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1966.7.1.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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