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Zarkasi KA, Abdul Murad NA, Ahmad N, Jamal R, Abdullah N. Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:647. [PMID: 35055468 PMCID: PMC8775550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its coronary heart disease (CHD) complications than the Western populations, possibly due to genetic factors, higher degrees of obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction that could occur even in healthy individuals. The genetic factors and their mechanisms, along with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with CHD in T2D Asians, are yet to be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to review the current evidence of genetic factors for CHD, summarize the proposed mechanisms of these genes and how they may associate with CHD risk, and review the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in T2D Asians with CHD. The genetic factors can be grouped according to their involvement in the energy and lipoprotein metabolism, vascular and endothelial pathology, antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as cytoskeletal function and intracellular transport. Meanwhile, interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from different genes, SNPs within a single gene, and genetic interaction with environmental factors including obesity, smoking habit, and hyperlipidemia could modify the gene's effect on the disease risk. Collectively, these factors illustrate the complexities of CHD in T2D, specifically among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anwar Zarkasi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
- Biochemistry Unit, Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
| | - Noraidatulakma Abdullah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (K.A.Z.); (N.A.A.M.); (R.J.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Association Study of Coronary Artery Disease-Associated Genome-Wide Significant SNPs with Coronary Stenosis in Pakistani Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:9738567. [PMID: 32685059 PMCID: PMC7336215 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9738567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of coronary artery disease (CAD) have revealed multiple genetic risk loci. We assessed the association of 47 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 43 CAD loci with coronary stenosis in a Pakistani sample comprising 663 clinically ascertained and angiographically confirmed cases. Genotypes were determined using the iPLEX Gold technology. All statistical analyses were performed using R software. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between significant SNPs was determined using SNAP web portal, and functional annotation of SNPs was performed using the RegulomeDB and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Genotyping comparison was made between cases with severe stenosis (≥70%) and mild/minimal stenosis (<30%). Five SNPs demonstrated significant associations: three with additive genetic models PLG/rs4252120 (p = 0.0078), KIAA1462/rs2505083 (p = 0.005), and SLC22A3/rs2048327 (p = 0.045) and two with recessive models SORT1/rs602633 (p = 0.005) and UBE2Z/rs46522 (p = 0.03). PLG/rs4252120 was in LD with two functional PLG variants (rs4252126 and rs4252135), each with a RegulomeDB score of 1f. Likewise, KIAA1462/rs2505083 was in LD with a functional SNP, KIAA1462/rs3739998, having a RegulomeDB score of 2b. In the GTEx database, KIAA1462/rs2505083, SLC22A3/rs2048327, SORT1/rs602633, and UBE2Z/rs46522 SNPs were found to be expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in CAD-associated tissues. In conclusion, five genome-wide significant SNPs previously reported in European GWAS were replicated in the Pakistani sample. Further association studies on larger non-European populations are needed to understand the worldwide genetic architecture of CAD.
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Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Posadas-Sánchez R, Vargas-Alarcón G, Blachman-Braun R, García-Flores E, Cazarín-Santos BG, Castillo-Avila RG, Borgonio-Cuadra VM, Tovilla-Zárate CA, González-Castro TB, López-Bautista F, Pérez-Hernández N. The rs46522 Polymorphism of the Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2Z Gene Is Associated with Abnormal Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: The Genetics of Atherosclerosis Disease Mexican Study. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1155-1161. [PMID: 32392439 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The participation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2Z (UBE2Z) in atherosclerosis has been reported. We aimed to evaluate the association of the rs46522 polymorphism of the UBE2Z gene with myocardial infarction (MI) and other clinical and metabolic components in the Mexican population. A total of 2128 individuals (1023 patients with MI and 1105 healthy controls) were included. rs46522 was genotyped using the 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assay. A similar polymorphism distribution was observed between patients and healthy controls. The association between rs46522 polymorphism and cardiometabolic parameters was evaluated separately in the two groups. In the control group, rs46522 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of developing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.249, padditive = 0.018; OR = 1.479, precessive = 0.015; OR = 1.589, pcodominant 2 = 0.013). On the other hand, in MI patients, it was observed that rs46522 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of developing high levels of alanine transaminase (OR = 1.297, pheterozygote = 0.043) and aspartate transaminase (OR = 1.453, pdominant = 0.009; OR = 1.592, pheterozygote = 0.001; OR = 1.632, pcodominant 1 = 0.001). Our results suggest that the UBE2Z gene rs46522 polymorphism is associated with abnormal metabolic parameters in Mexican patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Blachman-Braun
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Esbeidy García-Flores
- Department of Molecular Biology and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Giannina Castillo-Avila
- Department of Molecular Biology and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.,Academic Division of Health Sciences, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Fabiola López-Bautista
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Khamis A, Canouil M, Siddiq A, Crouch H, Falchi M, Bulow MV, Ehehalt F, Marselli L, Distler M, Richter D, Weitz J, Bokvist K, Xenarios I, Thorens B, Schulte AM, Ibberson M, Bonnefond A, Marchetti P, Solimena M, Froguel P. Laser capture microdissection of human pancreatic islets reveals novel eQTLs associated with type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2019; 24:98-107. [PMID: 30956117 PMCID: PMC6531807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for type 2 diabetes (T2D) have identified genetic loci that often localise in non-coding regions of the genome, suggesting gene regulation effects. We combined genetic and transcriptomic analysis from human islets obtained from brain-dead organ donors or surgical patients to detect expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and shed light into the regulatory mechanisms of these genes. METHODS Pancreatic islets were isolated either by laser capture microdissection (LCM) from surgical specimens of 103 metabolically phenotyped pancreatectomized patients (PPP) or by collagenase digestion of pancreas from 100 brain-dead organ donors (OD). Genotyping (> 8.7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms) and expression (> 47,000 transcripts and splice variants) analyses were combined to generate cis-eQTLs. RESULTS After applying genome-wide false discovery rate significance thresholds, we identified 1,173 and 1,021 eQTLs in samples of OD and PPP, respectively. Among the strongest eQTLs shared between OD and PPP were CHURC1 (OD p-value=1.71 × 10-24; PPP p-value = 3.64 × 10-24) and PSPH (OD p-value = 3.92 × 10-26; PPP p-value = 3.64 × 10-24). We identified eQTLs in linkage-disequilibrium with GWAS loci T2D and associated traits, including TTLL6, MLX and KIF9 loci, which do not implicate the nearest gene. We found in the PPP datasets 11 eQTL genes, which were differentially expressed in T2D and two genes (CYP4V2 and TSEN2) associated with HbA1c but none in the OD samples. CONCLUSIONS eQTL analysis of LCM islets from PPP led us to identify novel genes which had not been previously linked to islet biology and T2D. The understanding gained from eQTL approaches, especially using surgical samples of living patients, provides a more accurate 3-dimensional representation than those from genetic studies alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Khamis
- Imperial College London, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, London, UK; University of Lille, CNRS, Institute Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institute Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Imperial College London, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, London, UK
| | - Hutokshi Crouch
- Imperial College London, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, London, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Imperial College London, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, London, UK
| | - Manon von Bulow
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Diabetes Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Ehehalt
- Department of Visceral-Thoracic-Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorella Marselli
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marius Distler
- Department of Visceral-Thoracic-Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Richter
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral-Thoracic-Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Krister Bokvist
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly, 46285-0001, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Anke M Schulte
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Diabetes Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amelie Bonnefond
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institute Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Piero Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Imperial College London, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, London, UK; University of Lille, CNRS, Institute Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Hormaechea-Agulla D, Kim Y, Song MS, Song SJ. New Insights into the Role of E2s in the Pathogenesis of Diseases: Lessons Learned from UBE2O. Mol Cells 2018; 41:168-178. [PMID: 29562734 PMCID: PMC5881090 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular communication via ubiquitin (Ub) signaling impacts all aspects of cell biology and regulates pathways critical to human development and viability; therefore aberrations or defects in Ub signaling can contribute to the pathogenesis of human diseases. Ubiquitination consists of the addition of Ub to a substrate protein via coordinated action of E1-activating, E2-conjugating and E3-ligating enzymes. Approximately 40 E2s have been identified in humans, and most are thought to be involved in Ub transfer; although little information is available regarding the majority of them, emerging evidence has highlighted their importance to human health and disease. In this review, we focus on recent insights into the pathogenetic roles of E2s (particularly the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O [UBE2O]) in debilitating diseases and cancer, and discuss the tantalizing prospect that E2s may someday serve as potential therapeutic targets for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hormaechea-Agulla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Youngjo Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151,
Korea
| | - Min Sup Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,
USA
| | - Su Jung Song
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151,
Korea
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