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Samidurai A, Saravanan M, Ockaili R, Kraskauskas D, Lau SYV, Kodali V, Ramasamy S, Bhoopathi K, Nair M, Roh SK, Kukreja RC, Das A. Single-Dose Treatment with Rapamycin Preserves Post-Ischemic Cardiac Function through Attenuation of Fibrosis and Inflammation in Diabetic Rabbit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8998. [PMID: 37240345 PMCID: PMC10218967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling in diabetes exacerbates myocardial injury following lethal ischemia due to accelerated cardiomyocyte death with cardiac remodeling and inflammatory responses. We examined the effect of rapamycin (RAPA, mTOR inhibitor) on cardiac remodeling and inflammation following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rabbits. Diabetic rabbits (DM) were subjected to 45 min of ischemia and 10 days of reperfusion by inflating/deflating a previously implanted hydraulic balloon occluder. RAPA (0.25 mg/kg, i.v.) or DMSO (vehicle) was infused 5 min before the onset of reperfusion. Post-I/R left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by echocardiography and fibrosis was evaluated by picrosirius red staining. Treatment with RAPA preserved LV ejection fraction and reduced fibrosis. Immunoblot and real-time PCR revealed that RAPA treatment inhibited several fibrosis markers (TGF-β, Galectin-3, MYH, p-SMAD). Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining revealed the attenuation of post-I/R NLRP3-inflammasome formation with RAPA treatment as shown by reduced aggregation of apoptosis speck-like protein with a caspase recruitment domain and active-form of caspase-1 in cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, our study suggests that acute reperfusion therapy with RAPA may be a viable strategy to preserve cardiac function with the alleviation of adverse post-infarct myocardial remodeling and inflammation in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rakesh C. Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.)
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (A.S.)
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Tian J, Chang S, Ji H, Huang T, Guo H, Kang J, Wang Y, Zhou Y. The p70S6K/PI3K/MAPK feedback loop releases the inhibition effect of high-dose rapamycin on rat mesangial cell proliferation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211000544. [PMID: 34034560 PMCID: PMC8161859 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell (MC) proliferation is one of the causative factors of glomerular diseases and one of their prominent pathological features. Rapamycin can inhibit MC proliferation and slow the progression to chronic renal fibrosis. The present study was designed to observe the role of rapamycin in MC proliferation and to explore the mechanism by which rapamycin acts on Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways in mesangial cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the proliferation and the cell cycle phase of glomerular mesangial cells respectively. The mRNA expression level of p70S6K was detected by RT-qPCR. Western blotting was performed to determine p70S6K, PI3K/Akt, and PI3K/MAPK protein expression. We found that rapamycin could reduce mesangial cell proliferation and arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase, however the inhibition effect of 1000 nmol/L rapamycin was not higher than that in the 100 nmol/L group. The results of western blotting showed that 1000 nmol/L rapamycin more significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p70S6K than 100 nmol/L, suggesting there should be another signaling pathway that activates the proliferation of MCs. Moreover, our results revealed that 1000 nmol/L rapamycin led to Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK pathway activation through a p70S6K-PI3K-mediated feedback loop in MCs. This study demonstrated that high-dose rapamycin leads to ERK1/2 activation through a p70S6K/PI3K/MAPK feedback loop in rat MCs, thus reducing the inhibitory effect of rapamycin on MC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sijia Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - He Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Taiping Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixiu Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China
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Rapamycin Alternatively Modifies Mitochondrial Dynamics in Dendritic Cells to Reduce Kidney Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105386. [PMID: 34065421 PMCID: PMC8160749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are unique immune cells that can link innate and adaptive immune responses and Immunometabolism greatly impacts their phenotype. Rapamycin is a macrolide compound that has immunosuppressant functions and is used to prevent graft loss in kidney transplantation. The current study evaluated the therapeutic potential of ex-vivo rapamycin treated DCs to protect kidneys in a mouse model of acute kidney injury (AKI). For the rapamycin single (S) treatment (Rapa-S-DC), Veh-DCs were treated with rapamycin (10 ng/mL) for 1 h before LPS. In contrast, rapamycin multiple (M) treatment (Rapa-M-DC) were exposed to 3 treatments over 7 days. Only multiple ex-vivo rapamycin treatments of DCs induced a persistent reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism. These DCs had 18-fold more mitochondria, had almost 4-fold higher oxygen consumption rates, and produced more ATP compared to Veh-DCs (Veh treated control DCs). Pathway analysis showed IL10 signaling as a major contributing pathway to the altered immunophenotype after Rapamycin treatment compared to vehicle with significantly lower cytokines Tnfa, Il1b, and Il6, while regulators of mitochondrial content Pgc1a, Tfam, and Ho1 remained elevated. Critically, adoptive transfer of rapamycin-treated DCs to WT recipients 24 h before bilateral kidney ischemia significantly protected the kidneys from injury with a significant 3-fold improvement in kidney function. Last, the infusion of DCs containing higher mitochondria numbers (treated ex-vivo with healthy isolated mitochondria (10 µg/mL) one day before) also partially protected the kidneys from IRI. These studies demonstrate that pre-emptive infusion of ex-vivo reprogrammed DCs that have higher mitochondria content has therapeutic capacity to induce an anti-inflammatory regulatory phenotype to protect kidneys from injury.
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Zhao Q, Li W, Pan W, Wang Z. CircRNA 010567 plays a significant role in myocardial infarction via the regulation of the miRNA-141/DAPK1 axis. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2447-2459. [PMID: 34012592 PMCID: PMC8107568 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI), caused by temporary or permanent coronary artery occlusion, poses a serious threat to patients’ lives. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new kind of endogenous noncoding RNAs, have been widely studied recently. This study was designed to illustrate and potential molecular mechanisms of circRNA 010567 in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury in vitro, so as to provide new strategies for the therapy of MI. Methods H9c2 cells were cultured in anoxic conditions with 94% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2 to establish the in vitro MI model. Cell viability and apoptosis were checked using MTT and flow cytometry assay, respectively, Moreover, the levels of circRNA 010567, miR-141, and DAPK1 was determined using qRT-PCR. The putative targets of circRNA 010567 and miR-141 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter system and the RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The release of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and the viability of mitochondria were detected using assay kits. Results The current study revealed that circRNA 010567 and DAPK1 were over-expressed, and miR-141 was low-expressed in hypoxia-induced MI. circRNA 010567 sponges miR-141 and DAPK1 was a direct target of miR-141. Mechanistic investigations revealed that circRNA 010567-siRNA impaired the release of CK-MB and cTnI, and promoted the viability of mitochondria in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells, while these findings were reversed by the miR-141 inhibitor. In addition, the miR-141 mimic markedly reduced the release of CK-MB and cTnI, and promoted the viability of mitochondria, and these results were reversed by the DAPK1-plasmid. Subsequently, functional experiments revealed that hypoxia-stimulated decreases in H9c2 cell viability, as well as increases in apoptosis and caspase-3 activity, were induced by the miR-141 mimic and circRNA 010567-siRNA. However, these results were reversed by the miR-141 inhibitor and DAPK1-plasmid. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that circRNA 010567-siRNA played a protective role in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte damage via regulating the miR-141/DAPK1 axis, indicating that circRNA 010567-siRNA may be a promising target for MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinge Zhao
- Department of Emergency, PLA Joint Service Support Force 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weichao Li
- Department of Emergency, PLA Joint Service Support Force 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Emergency, PLA Joint Service Support Force 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Tianjin Garrison No. 3 Retirement Station, Tianjin, China
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Zhao Q, Liu F, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Luo J, Li X, Yang Y. Constitutive activation of ERK1/2 signaling protects against myocardial ischemia via inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation in the aging heart. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:479. [PMID: 33850876 PMCID: PMC8039677 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that the ability of the myocardium to tolerate ischemia becomes significantly compromised with age. During ischemia, several endogenous protective signals are activated to protect the heart from injury, among which extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling has been established as playing a pivotal role. However, in aging hearts, the activation of ERK1/2 is compromised. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) is a major regulator of ERK1/2 signaling. In the present study, we investigated whether transduction of CaMEK, a constitutively activated MEK, using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) could protect the aging heart against ischemia. Methods Myocardial ischemia models were established in aging mice and senescent cardiomyocytes, and AAV9-mediated delivery of CaMEK was applied. Echocardiography, fluorescent staining, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting were used to explore the effects of CaMEK and their underlying mechanism. Results AAV9-CaMEK activated ERK1/2 signaling and exerted cardioprotective effects against ischemia in aging hearts. Specifically, CaMEK transduction decreased dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) expression and phosphorylation at serine 616, resulting in improved mitochondrial morphology and function in aging ischemic hearts. Furthermore, CaMEK transduction exerted similar protective effects in senescent cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Meanwhile, with the inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling in senescent cardiomyocytes under hypoxia, the opposite effects were observed, including an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation and aggravation of mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. Conclusions Our results suggested that AAV9-CaMEK alleviated ischemia-induced myocardium injury in the aging heart, at least in part, through inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation. Therefore, AAV9-CaMEK is a potential intervention for prevention of ischemia-induced injury of the aging myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Clinical Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.,Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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Yang W, Lai Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu B, Li F, Kou J. Mechanisms dissection of the combination GRS derived from ShengMai preparations for the treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113381. [PMID: 32946961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Recently, a new drug combination GRS comprising ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), ruscogenin (R-Rus) and schisandrin (S-SA) was screened based on ShengMai preparations, which exhibited a prominent cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate their systemic and individual mechanism of each compound in combination GRS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice model of MI/R and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocytes injury were performed to explore the respective characteristics of each compound in GRS against myocardial injury. RESULTS Each component in the combination GRS attenuated MI/R injury as evidenced by decreased myocardial infarct size, ameliorated histological features, and improved biochemical indicators. Meanwhile, ingredient G, R and S in combination also individually performed a significant decrease of apoptotic index in MI/R mice and H/R-induced cardiomyocytes injury. Mechanistically, component G in GRS could markedly increase the ATP content in cardiomyocytes through activation of AMPKα phosphorylation. Interestingly, the anti-apoptotic actions of G were profoundly attenuated by knockdown of AMPKα, while no alteration was observed on composition R and S. Moreover, component R in GRS significantly reduced the IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression, as well as the content of IL-6 via the modulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Further, component S exhibited the most powerful anti-oxidative capacity in GRS and remarkably decreased the production of MDA and ROS, and potential mechanisms might at least in part through activating the Akt-14-3-3 signaling pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation of Bad and ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the respective mechanism of each compound in combination GRS against MI/R injury might closely associated with energy metabolism modulation, suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Qiong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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Kabaklıoğlu M, Kaya M, Şahin IE, Gamsızkan M, Bahçıvan A, Eröz R. Short- and long-term effects of rapamycin on ischemic damage and apoptotic changes in torsion of rat testes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:85-94. [PMID: 32813042 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin has antioxidant defense mechanisms and immune suppressive effects. To detect the short- and long-term effects of rapamycin on ischemic damage and apoptotic changes in torsion of rat testes, mature male albino Wistar rats (n = 48) were included in the study as control, sham, early torsion-detorsion (T/D), early rapamycin treatment, early rapamycin control, late T/D, late rapamycin treatment, and late rapamycin control. The right testis was rotated 720° in a clockwise direction during 4 h in operation groups. Rapamycin was administered orally three times: 30 min before detorsion and 24 and 48 h after detorsion. The animals were killed on the third day in early groups and on the tenth day in late groups after detorsion. Statistically significant differences among all groups were detected for SOD and TBARS, mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) and Cosentino's histologic score (CHS), caspase 3, bax, average number of apoptotic cells per tubule (ANPCT), and percentage of apoptotic tubule (PAT) values. ANPCT values were 10% lower in the rapamycin treatment groups compared with the untreated T/D groups, and the PAT values were also approximately 1.3 times lower. Although short-term usage of rapamycin may reduce to the tubular injury caused by I/R conversely to apoptosis in the testicular tissue after testicular torsion, rapamycin may have the potential to increase the long-term apoptosis with/without testicular torsion and a subsequent regression in fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kabaklıoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ethem Şahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gamsızkan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Atike Bahçıvan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Recep Eröz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Duzce, Turkey
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Samidurai A, Ockaili R, Cain C, Roh SK, Filippone SM, Kraskauskas D, Kukreja RC, Das A. Differential Regulation of mTOR Complexes with miR-302a Attenuates Myocardial Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes. iScience 2020; 23:101863. [PMID: 33319180 PMCID: PMC7725936 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) in diabetes increases the vulnerability of the heart to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We show here that infusion of rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) at reperfusion following ischemia reduced myocardial infarct size and apoptosis with restoration of cardiac function in type 1 diabetic rabbits. Likewise, treatment with rapamycin protected hyperglycemic human-pluripotent-stem-cells-derived cardiomyocytes (HG-hiPSC-CMs) following simulated ischemia (SI) and reoxygenation (RO). Phosphorylation of S6 (mTORC1 marker) was increased, whereas AKT phosphorylation (mTORC2 marker) and microRNA-302a were reduced with concomitant increase of its target, PTEN, following I/R injury in diabetic heart and HG-hiPSC-CMs. Rapamycin inhibited mTORC1 and PTEN, but augmented mTORC2 with restoration of miRNA-302a under diabetic conditions. Inhibition of miRNA-302a blocked mTORC2 and abolished rapamycin-induced protection against SI/RO injury in HG-hiPSC-CMs. We conclude that rapamycin attenuates reperfusion injury in diabetic heart through inhibition of PTEN and mTORC1 with restoration of miR-302a-mTORC2 signaling. miR-302a and AKT phosphorylation are suppressed in post-ischemic diabetic heart Negative regulator of insulin signaling, PTEN, is induced after ischemia reperfusion miRNA-302a-mimic abolishes ischemic injury in hyperglycemic human iPS cardiocytes Rapamycin treatment restores miR-302a-mTORC2 cardioprotective signaling in diabetes
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Samidurai
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Ramzi Ockaili
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Chad Cain
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Sean K Roh
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Scott M Filippone
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
| | - Anindita Das
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Box 980204, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1101 East Marshall Street, Sanger Hall, Room 7020d & 7020b, Richmond, VA 23298-0204, USA
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Liu X, Zhang S, Xu C, Sun Y, Sui S, Zhang Z, Luan Y. The Protective of Baicalin on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1386-1393. [PMID: 32503406 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200605104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of baicalin on myocardial apoptosis induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Sprague Dawley rats' heart and myocardial cells I/R model were established in vivo and vitro, then 100 mg/kg and 10 μmol/l baicalin were administrated, respectively. The experiment was randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): Control; I/R; IR+DMEM; and I/R+baicalin groups. Postoperation, the Left Ventricular (LV) End-Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP), the maximum velocity of LV contraction (dP/dtmax) and the maximum velocity of LV diastole (dP/dtmin) were recorded by the transthoracic echocardiography; the myocardial apoptosis percentage was analyzed by Annexin VFITC/ PI and TUNEL staining, and the apoptosis gene and protein were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Furthermore, the protein expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were observed by western blot and Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester. Moreover, primary rats' cardiomyocytes were cultured and ERK1/2 specific inhibitor PD98059 was added to the culture medium. The cell survival rate, vitality and apoptosis were detected by MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and TUNEL staining assay Kit, respectively. RESULTS Our present study showed that baicalin significantly improved LV hemodynamic parameters and myocardial apoptosis in myocardial I/R injury rats. Furthermore, we found that baicalin could down-regulate the protein expression of CaSR, but up-regulate the protein expression of ERK1/2. Furthermore, when the cells were pretreated with ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, the cells survival rate significantly decreased, but LDH activity and apoptosis significantly increased. The results indicated that the effect of baicalin on myocardial I/R injury could be inhibited by ERK1/2 inhibitor. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our data suggests that baicalin attenuates I/R-induced myocardial injury maybe through the suppression of the CaSR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, P.R. China,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancies, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyue Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Sun
- Department of Medicine, Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shujian Sui
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, P.R. China
| | - Yun Luan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 247, Beiyuan Dajie, Jinan, 250033, P.R. China
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Ghoneim MES, Abdallah DM, Shebl AM, El-Abhar HS. The interrupted cross-talk of inflammatory and oxidative stress trajectories signifies the effect of artesunate against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammasomopathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115309. [PMID: 33130049 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antimalarial drug artesunate (Art) has proven its beneficial effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diverse organs, but its potential role against hepatic I/R is still obscure. This study, hence, examined whether treatment with Art alone or in combination with rapamycin (Rapa), an mTOR inhibitor, can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury via targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Rats were divided into hepatic sham- and I/R-operated rats. The latter were either left untreated (I/R group) or treated with Art, Rapa, or their combination. On the molecular level, all treatment regimens succeeded to hinder inflammasome assembly and activation, assessed as NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, caspase-11, N-terminal cleaved gasdermin-D (GSDMD-N), IL-1β, and IL-18. This effect was associated by the inhibition in the harmful signaling pathways HMGB1/RAGE and TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 to inactivate the transcription factor NF-κB and the production of its pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, this effect entailed the inhibition of ICAM-1/MPO/ROS cascade, which in turn hampered cell demise induced by apoptosis, manifested as correction of the imbalanced Bcl2/Bax, as well as pyroptosis (LDH, cleaved caspase-1, caspase-11, GSDMD-N, IL-1β, and IL-18), and necrosis. The corrected pathways were reflected on the improved liver function (serum ALT, AST, and LDH) and microscopical hepatic architecture. Noteworthy, the effect of Art on all parameters exceeded significantly that of Rapa and even improved the effect of the latter in the combination group. In conclusion, our results suggest novel roles for Art in abating functional and structural I/R-induced hepatic abnormalities via several traversing cross-talking pathways that succeeded to abate NLRP3 inflammasome and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai El-Sayed Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Κasr El-Aini Str., 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt (FUE), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. A review of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological treatment. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:190-217. [PMID: 32892450 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are known to be the most fatal diseases worldwide. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is at the centre of the pathology of the most common cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization estimates, ischaemic heart disease is the leading global cause of death, causing more than 9 million deaths in 2016. After cardiovascular events, thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery are applied as treatment. However, after restoring coronary blood flow, myocardial I/R injury may occur. It is known that this damage occurs due to many pathophysiological mechanisms, especially increasing reactive oxygen types. Besides causing cardiomyocyte death through multiple mechanisms, it may be an important reason for affecting other cell types such as platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells and immune cells. Also, polymorphonuclear leukocytes are associated with myocardial I/R damage during reperfusion. This damage may be insufficient in patients with co-morbidity, as it is demonstrated that it can be prevented by various endogenous antioxidant systems. In this context, the resulting data suggest that optimal cardioprotection may require a combination of additional or synergistic multi-target treatments. In this review, we discussed the pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, treatment and its relationship with genetics in myocardial I/R injury. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This review summarized current information on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological therapy) for researchers and reveals guiding data for researchers, especially in the field of cardiovascular system and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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12
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Zhang J, Wu D, He Y, Li L, Liu S, Lu J, Gui H, Wang Y, Tao Y, Wang H, Kaushik D, Rodriguez R, Wang Z. Rapamycin inhibits AR signaling pathway in prostate cancer by interacting with the FK1 domain of FKBP51. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100778. [PMID: 32695889 PMCID: PMC7365970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of the androgen receptor signaling pathway in the emasculated environment is the main reason for the occurrence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The immunophilin FKBP51, as a co-chaperone protein, together with Hsp90 help the correct folding of AR. Rapamycin is a known small-molecule inhibitor of FKBP51, but its effect on the FKBP51/AR signaling pathway is not clear. In this study, the interaction mechanism between FKBP51 and rapamycin was investigated using steady-state fluorescence quenching, X-ray crystallization, MTT assay, and qRT-PCR. Steady-state fluorescence quenching assay showed that rapamycin could interact with FKBP51. The crystal of the rapamycin-FKBP51 complex indicated that rapamycin occupies the hydrophobic binding pocket of FK1 domain which is vital for AR activity. The residues involving rapamycin binding are mainly hydrophobic and may overlap with the AR interaction site. Further assays showed that rapamycin could inhibit the androgen-dependent growth of human prostate cancer cells by down-regulating the expression levels of AR activated downstream genes. Taken together, our study demonstrates that rapamycin suppresses AR signaling pathway by interfering with the interaction between AR and FKBP51. The results of this study not only can provide useful information about the interaction mechanism between rapamycin and FKBP51, but also can provide new clues for the treatment of prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Rapamycin occupies the hydrophobic binding pocket of FK1 domain of FKBP51. Rapamycin suppresses the AR signaling pathway by interacting with FKBP51. Rapamycin inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells via the AR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.,School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yongxing He
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Shanhui Liu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Huiming Gui
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Yan Tao
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dharam Kaushik
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ronald Rodriguez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
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Xiao Y, Chen W, Zhong Z, Ding L, Bai H, Chen H, Zhang H, Gu Y, Lu S. Electroacupuncture preconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitophagy mediated by the mTORC1-ULK1-FUNDC1 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110148. [PMID: 32344255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is an important complication of reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction, and trimetazidine is used successfully for treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy by regulating mitochondrial function. Moreover, electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning was demonstrated to be cardioprotective in both in vivo rodent models and in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery. However, the mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Mitophagy, mediated by the mTORC1-ULK1-FUNDC1 (mTOR complex 1-unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1-FUN14 domain-containing 1) pathway, can regulate mitochondrial mass and cell survival effectively to restrain the development of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). In this study, we hypothesized that EA preconditioning ameliorated MIRI via mitophagy. To test this, rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, was used. The results showed that EA preconditioning could reduce the infarct size and risk size, and decrease the ventricular arrhythmia score and serum creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in MIRI rats. Moreover, it also attenuated MIRI-induced apoptosis and mitophagy accompanied by elevated mTORC1 level and decreased ULK1 and FUNDC1 levels. However, these effects of EA preconditioning were blocked by rapamycin, which aggravated MIRI, reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and antagonized infarct size reduction. In conclusion, our results indicated that EA preconditioning protected the myocardium against I/R injury by inhibiting mitophagy mediated by the mTORC1-ULK1-FUNDC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Wanying Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zehao Zhong
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 39 Xiashatang Road, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215101, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Hongru Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yihuang Gu
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Shengfeng Lu
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
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14
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Ischemic Postconditioning Alleviates Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Autophagy and Suppressing Oxidative Stress through the Akt/GSK-3 β/Nrf2 Pathway in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6954764. [PMID: 32256957 PMCID: PMC7102478 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6954764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims Ischemic postconditioning (IPO) has a strong protective effect against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) injury that is partly related to autophagy. However, the precise mechanisms involved are unknown. Methods C57BL/6J mice were subjected to unilateral IIR with or without IPO. After 45 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion, intestinal tissues and blood were collected for examination. HE staining and Chiu's score were used to evaluate pathologic injury. We test markers of intestinal barrier function and oxidative stress. Finally, we used WB to detect the expression of key proteins of autophagy and the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway. Results IPO significantly attenuated IIR injury. Expression levels of LC3 II/I, Beclin-1, and p62 were altered during IIR, indicating that IPO enhanced autophagy. IPO also activated Akt, inhibited GSK-3β/Nrf2 pathway. Conclusion Our study indicates that IPO can ameliorate IIR injury by evoking autophagy, activating Akt, inactivating GSK-3β, and activating Nrf2. These findings may provide novel insights for the alleviation of IIR injury.β/Nrf2 pathway.
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15
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Satomi S, Morio A, Miyoshi H, Nakamura R, Tsutsumi R, Sakaue H, Yasuda T, Saeki N, Tsutsumi YM. Branched-chain amino acids-induced cardiac protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2020; 245:117368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Duan Y, Cheng S, Jia L, Zhang Z, Chen L. PDRPS7 protects cardiac cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through inactivation of JNKs. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:593-606. [PMID: 32108998 PMCID: PMC7137793 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major complication of reperfusion therapy in myocardial infarction. Ischemic myocardium produces a variety of peptides. We recently identified PDRPS7 as a novel peptide in cardiomyocytes that can be induced by hypoxia. However, the role of PDRPS7 is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of PDRPS7 on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced injury in rat cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells and NRCMs. We found that PDRPS7 improved cell survival and attenuated lactate dehydrogenase leakage following H/R in H9c2 cells and NRCMs. PDRPS7 also alleviated H/R‐induced pulsation reduction in NRCMs. Moreover, H/R‐induced cell apoptosis was decreased in the presence of PDRPS7. H/R‐induced reactive oxygen species generation was reduced by PDRPS7; in addition, PDRPS7 did not impact H2O2‐induced cell injury. Signaling analysis demonstrated that H/R increased the phosphorylation levels of JNKs, ERKs, and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases. However, PDRPS7 only attenuated H/R‐induced JNK phosphorylation, but not phosphorylation of ERKs and p38. PDRPS7 protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by inhibiting JNK phosphorylation and c‐Jun phosphorylation pathways, markedly upregulating anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 expression and inhibiting that of pro‐apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase‐3. Importantly, pharmacological activation of JNKs diminished the protective effect of PDRPS7 in terms of cell survival against H/R stimulation. In summary, our study identified PDRPS7 as a novel cardioprotective peptide against H/R challenge and this action was mediated, at least in part, through inactivation of JNKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Liang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, China
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17
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Kulek AR, Anzell A, Wider JM, Sanderson TH, Przyklenk K. Mitochondrial Quality Control: Role in Cardiac Models of Lethal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010214. [PMID: 31952189 PMCID: PMC7016592 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care for acute myocardial infarction or 'heart attack' is timely restoration of blood flow to the ischemic region of the heart. While reperfusion is essential for the salvage of ischemic myocardium, re-introduction of blood flow paradoxically kills (rather than rescues) a population of previously ischemic cardiomyocytes-a phenomenon referred to as 'lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury'. There is long-standing and exhaustive evidence that mitochondria are at the nexus of lethal IR injury. However, during the past decade, the paradigm of mitochondria as mediators of IR-induced cardiomyocyte death has been expanded to include the highly orchestrated process of mitochondrial quality control. Our aims in this review are to: (1) briefly summarize the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IR injury, and (2) incorporating landmark data from a broad spectrum of models (including immortalized cells, primary cardiomyocytes and intact hearts), provide a critical discussion of the emerging concept that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy (the components of mitochondrial quality control) may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte death in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Kulek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anthony Anzell
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Joseph M. Wider
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Thomas H. Sanderson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-313-577-9047
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18
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Fang J, Wang J, Chen F, Xu Y, Zhang H, Wang Y. α7nAChR Deletion Aggravates Myocardial Infarction and Enhances Systemic Inflammatory Reaction via mTOR-Signaling-Related Autophagy. Inflammation 2020; 42:1190-1202. [PMID: 30806956 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been previously reported to play an alleviative role in myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we investigated its specific mechanism. α7nAChR-/- mice and its control (α7nAChR+/+) were used for the study of α7nAChR. Left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion was conducted for the creation of mice MI model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as inflammatory stressor in murine peritoneal macrophages. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and echocardiography was used for the detection of infarct size and cardiac function, respectively. Western blot was conducted for the testing of autophagy-related proteins and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for the testing of proinflammatory cytokines. Rapamycin was used for the induction of autophagy through inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-related signaling. We found that knocking out α7nAChR enhanced the cardiac infarct size and damaged cardiac function in MI. α7nAChR deficiency increased the levels of several proinflammatory cytokines in serum and spleen from MI mice as well as murine macrophages under inflammatory stress. α7nAChR deletion decreased the level of autophagy in spleen from MI mice and macrophages under inflammatory stress. Rapamycin alleviated the cardiac function and systemic inflammatory reaction in MI mice as well as inflammatory reaction in macrophages under inflammatory stress, which was attenuated by knocking out α7nAChR. Our current study investigated the mechanism of α7nAChR-mediated cardio-protective and anti-inflammatory effect related to mTOR-related autophagy, which might provide a novel insight in the treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Fang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 HuanSha Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The 903th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanghui Chen
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 HuanSha Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuansheng Xu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 HuanSha Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 HuanSha Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 HuanSha Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Patel P, Karch J. Regulation of cell death in the cardiovascular system. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 353:153-209. [PMID: 32381175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adult heart is a post-mitotic terminally differentiated organ; therefore, beyond development, cardiomyocyte cell death is maladaptive. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world and aberrant cardiomyocyte cell death is the underlying problem for most cardiovascular-related diseases and fatalities. In this chapter, we will discuss the different cell death mechanisms that engage during normal cardiac development, aging, and disease states. The most abundant loss of cardiomyocytes occurs during a myocardial infarction, when the blood supply to the heart is obstructed, and the affected myocardium succumbs to cell death. Originally, this form of cell death was considered to be unregulated; however, research from the last half a century clearly demonstrates that this form of cell death is multifaceted and employees various degrees of regulation. We will explore all of the cell death pathways that have been implicated in this disease state and the potential interplay between them. Beyond myocardial infarction, we also explore the role and mechanisms of cardiomyocyte cell death in heart failure, myocarditis, and chemotherapeutic-induced cardiotoxicity. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte cell death has extensive therapeutic potential that will increase the longevity and health of the human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patel
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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20
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Abe K, Yano T, Tanno M, Miki T, Kuno A, Sato T, Kouzu H, Nakata K, Ohwada W, Kimura Y, Sugawara H, Shibata S, Igaki Y, Ino S, Miura T. mTORC1 inhibition attenuates necroptosis through RIP1 inhibition-mediated TFEB activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165552. [PMID: 31499159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that necroptosis contributes to cardiovascular diseases. We recently reported suppression of autophagy by necroptotic signals in cardiomyocytes and protective action of rapamycin. Here we examined the mechanism by which mTORC1 inhibition protects cardiomyocytes from necroptosis. Necroptosis of H9c2 cells was induced by treatment with tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF) and z-VAD-fmk (zVAD), and the extent of necroptosis was determined as the level of LDH release (as % of total). TNF/zVAD increased RIP1-RIP3 interaction and LDH release from 3.4 ± 1.3% to 46.1 ± 2.3%. The effects of TNF/zVAD were suppressed by an mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, and an mTORC1/2 inhibitor, Ku-0063794, but not by a p70s6K inhibitor, PF-4708671. Protection by rapamycin was not abolished by inhibitors of TAK1, IKKα/β, and cIAP, endogenous necroptosis suppressors upstream of RIP1. Rapamycin and Ku-0063794 suppressed TNF/zVAD-induced RIP1-Ser166 phosphorylation and increased phosphorylation of RIP1-Ser320, an inhibitory phosphorylation site, though such an effect on RIP1-Ser320 was not observed for PF-4708671. Protective effects of rapamycin on TNF/zVAD-induced RIP1-RIP3 binding and necroptosis were undetected in cells transfected with RIP1-S320A. In TNF/zVAD-treated cells, rapamycin and a RIP1 inhibitor, necrostatin-1, increased nuclear localization of transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) and promoted autolysosome formation from autophagosomes in a TFEB-dependent manner. Knockdown of TFEB expression attenuated rapamycin-induced protection from necroptosis in TNF/zVAD-treated cells. The results suggest that mTORC1 inhibition promotes autophagy and protects cardiomyocytes from necroptosis by a TFEB-dependent mechanism and that inhibition of RIP1 by increased phosphorylation at Ser320 is crucial in the cardiomyocyte protection afforded by mTORC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Cell Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Kouzu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakata
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Ohwada
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukishige Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sugawara
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Shibata
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Igaki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoya Ino
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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21
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Xu X, Kobayashi S, Timm D, Huang Y, Zhao F, Shou W, Liang Q. Enhanced mTOR complex 1 signaling attenuates diabetic cardiac injury in OVE26 mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:12800-12811. [PMID: 31469601 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901206r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) performs diverse cellular functions through 2 distinct multiprotein complexes, mTOR complex (mTORC)1 and 2. Numerous studies using rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, have implicated a role for mTORC1 in several types of heart disease. People with diabetes are more susceptible to heart failure. mTORC1 activity is increased in the diabetic heart, but its functional significance remains controversial. To investigate the role of mTORC1 in the diabetic heart, we crossed OVE26 type 1 diabetic mice with transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active mTOR (mTORca) or kinase-dead mTOR (mTORkd) in the heart. The expression of mTORca or mTORkd affected only mTORC1 but not mTORC2 activities, with corresponding changes in the activities of autophagy, a cellular degradation pathway negatively regulated by mTORC1. Diabetic cardiac damage in OVE26 mice was dramatically reduced by mTORca but exacerbated by mTORkd expression as assessed by changes in cardiac function, oxidative stress, and myocyte apoptosis. These findings demonstrated that the enhanced mTORC1 signaling in the OVE26 diabetic heart was an adaptive response that limited cardiac dysfunction, suggesting that manipulations that enhance mTORC1 activity may reduce diabetic cardiac injury, in sharp contrast to the results previously obtained with rapamycin.-Xu, X., Kobayashi, S., Timm, D., Huang, Y., Zhao, F., Shou, W., Liang, Q. Enhanced mTOR complex 1 signaling attenuates diabetic cardiac injury in OVE26 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Xu
- Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Derek Timm
- Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Weinian Shou
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Heart Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, USA
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22
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Yan J, Yan JY, Wang YX, Ling YN, Song XD, Wang SY, Liu HQ, Liu QC, Zhang Y, Yang PZ, Wang XB, Chen AH. Spermidine-enhanced autophagic flux improves cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction by targeting the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3126-3142. [PMID: 31077347 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spermidine, a natural polyamine, is abundant in mammalian cells and is involved in cell growth, proliferation, and regeneration. Recently, oral spermidine supplements were cardioprotective in age-related cardiac dysfunction, through enhancing autophagic flux. However, the effect of spermidine on myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction (MI) remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We determined the effects of spermidine in a model of MI, Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery, and in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) exposed to angiotensin II (Ang II). Cardiac function in vivo was assessed with echocardiography. In vivo and in vitro studies used histological and immunohistochemical techniques, along with western blots. KEY RESULTS Spermidine improved cardiomyocyte viability and decreased cell necrosis in NRCs treated with angiotensin II. In rats post-MI, spermidine reduced infarct size, improved cardiac function, and attenuated myocardial hypertrophy. Spermidine also suppressed the oxidative damage and inflammatory cytokines induced by MI. Moreover, spermidine enhanced autophagic flux and decreased apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The protective effects of spermidine on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction were abolished by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, indicating that spermidine exerted cardioprotective effects at least partly through promoting autophagic flux, by activating the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that spermidine improved MI-induced cardiac dysfunction by promoting AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yun Yan
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xi Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Na Ling
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Song
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Qiong Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Cai Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangdong Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ping-Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Bao Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Hua Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Zhang Z, Li H, Liu M, He J, Zhang X, Chen Y. Skullcapflavone I protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-caused injury through up-regulation of lincRNA-ROR. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419857537. [PMID: 31220954 PMCID: PMC6589964 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419857537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious heart disease in which cardiomyocytes are damaged, caused by hypoxia. This study explored the possible protective activity of Skullcapflavone I (SF I), a flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, on hypoxia-stimulated cardiomyocytes cell injury in vitro. Viability and apoptosis of H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes were tested using cell counting kit–8 (CCK-8) assay and Guava Nexin Reagent, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the long non-coding RNA regulator of reprogramming (lincRNA-ROR) expression. si-ROR was transfected to knockdown lincRNA-ROR. Western blotting was conducted to assess the protein levels of key molecules related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) pathway. We discovered that hypoxia stimulation obviously reduced H9c2 cell and primary cardiomyocytes’ viability and proliferation, but promoted cell apoptosis. SF I treatment mitigated the cell viability and proliferation inhibition, as well as cell apoptosis caused by hypoxia. Moreover, SF I promoted the hypoxia-caused up-regulation of lincRNA-ROR in H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of lincRNA-ROR reversed the influence of SF I on hypoxia-stimulated H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. Besides, SF I activated MEK/ERK pathway in H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes via up-regulating lincRNA-ROR. To sum up, our research verified the beneficial activity of SF I on hypoxia-caused cardiomyocytes injury. SF I protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-caused injury through up-regulation of lincRNA-ROR and activation of MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Zhang
- 1 Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Li
- 1 Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- 1 Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianshuai He
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuehua Chen
- 3 Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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24
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Chen MQ, Luan JJ. HMGB1 promotes bone fracture healing through activation of ERK signaling pathway in a rat tibial fracture model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:550-558. [PMID: 31162822 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work was to investigate potential roles of HMGB1-mediated ERK pathway in the healing process of bone fracture. Rat tibial fracture models were established and divided into control (rats with normal saline), HMGB1 (rats with HMGB1), and HMGB1+ PD98059 groups (rats with HMGB1 and 1 mg/kg of ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059) with 30 rats per each. The healing of rats' fracture was observed by X-ray films, the morphological changes of bone fractures by HE staining, the callus formation by micro-CT and biomechanical test, and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, HMGB1 and ERK-related proteins by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Rats in the HMGB1 group was increased in X-ray scores, peak torque, torsional stiffness, and the bone volume fraction (bone volume/total volume, BV/TV); meanwhile, those rats presented elevations in osteogenesis-related genes and HMGB1 expressions, as well as p-ERK/ERK ratio. However, rats in the HMGB1+ PD98059 group was significantly reduced in X-ray score, peak torque, torsional stiffness, and BV/TV, as well as the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and the ratio of p-ERK/ERK, as compared to those from HMGB1 group. HMGB1 could promote the expressions of osteogenesis-related genes and accelerate the healing process of fracture via activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qi Chen
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, YanTaiShan Hospital, YanTai City, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Jie Luan
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, YanTaiShan Hospital, YanTai City, Shandong, China
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25
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Novel Molecular Targets Participating in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:6935147. [PMID: 31275641 PMCID: PMC6558612 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6935147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related heart failure remain high. While effective early reperfusion of the criminal coronary artery after a confirmed AMI is the typical treatment at present, collateral myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and pertinent cardioprotection are still challenging to address and have inadequately understood mechanisms. Therefore, unveiling the related novel molecular targets and networks participating in triggering and resisting the pathobiology of MIRI is a promising and valuable frontier. The present study specifically focuses on the recent MIRI advances that are supported by sophisticated bio-methodology in order to bring the poorly understood interrelationship among pro- and anti-MIRI participant molecules up to date, as well as to identify findings that may facilitate the further investigation of novel targets.
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26
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Yin B, Hou XW, Lu ML. Astragaloside IV attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via inhibition of calcium-sensing receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:599-607. [PMID: 30030530 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AsIV) is an active saponin extracted from Astragalus membranaceus, which has shown cardioprotective effects in a number of experimental animals. In this study we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which AsIV attenuated the myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R)-induced injury in vitro and in vivo by focusing on calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Rat neonatal cardiac myocytes were subjected to a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) procedure in vitro, which significantly decreased the cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and increased [Ca2+]i. H/R also increased the expression of CaSR and decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels in H/R-exposed myocytes. Pretreatment with AsIV (60 μmol/L) significantly improved the cell viability and decreased LDH release, attenuated myocyte apoptosis, decreased [Ca2+]i and CaSR expression, and increased the ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels. The protective effects of AsIV against H/R injury were partially inhibited by co-treatment with a CaSR agonist, gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) or with a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. For in vivo studies, a rat MI/R model was established. Pre-administration of AsIV (80 mg/kg every day, ig) significantly decreased the myocardium infarct size, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) production, serum cardiac troponin (cTnI) levels, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the rats with MI/R injury. The therapeutic effects of AsIV were associated with the downregulation of CaSR expression and upregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in myocardial tissues. In summary, astragaloside IV attenuates myocardial I/R injury via inhibition of CaSR/ERK1/2 and the related apoptotic signaling pathways.
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27
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Zhang S, Bories G, Lantz C, Emmons R, Becker A, Liu E, Abecassis MM, Yvan-Charvet L, Thorp EB. Immunometabolism of Phagocytes and Relationships to Cardiac Repair. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:42. [PMID: 31032261 PMCID: PMC6470271 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial ischemia is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the case of acute myocardial infarction, subsequent cardiac repair relies upon the acute, and coordinated response to injury by innate myeloid phagocytes. This includes neutrophils, monocytes, macrophage subsets, and immature dendritic cells. Phagocytes function to remove necrotic cardiomyocytes, apoptotic inflammatory cells, and to remodel extracellular matrix. These innate immune cells also secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote tissue replacement through fibrosis and angiogenesis. Within the injured myocardium, macrophages polarize from pro-inflammatory to inflammation-resolving phenotypes. At the core of this functional plasticity is cellular metabolism, which has gained an appreciation for its integration with phagocyte function and remodeling of the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape. Immunometabolic rewiring is particularly relevant after ischemia and clinical reperfusion given the rapidly changing oxygen and metabolic milieu. Hypoxia reduces mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and leads to increased reliance on glycolysis, which can support biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Reoxygenation is permissive for shifts back to mitochondrial metabolism and fatty acid oxidation and this is ultimately linked to pro-reparative macrophage polarization. Improved understanding of mechanisms that regulate metabolic adaptations holds the potential to identify new metabolite targets and strategies to reduce cardiac damage through nutrient signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gael Bories
- UMR INSERM U1065/UNS, C3M, Bâtiment Universitaire ARCHIMED, Nice, France
| | - Connor Lantz
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Russel Emmons
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amanda Becker
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Esther Liu
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael M Abecassis
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Edward B Thorp
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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28
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Liu D, Xu L, Zhang X, Shi C, Qiao S, Ma Z, Yuan J. Snapshot: Implications for mTOR in Aging-related Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Aging Dis 2019; 10:116-133. [PMID: 30705773 PMCID: PMC6345330 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging may aggravate the damage and dysfunction of different components of multiorgan and thus increasing multiorgan ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. IR injury occurs in many organs and tissues, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an atypical serine/threonine protein kinase, involves in the pathophysiological process of IR injury. In this review, we first briefly introduce the molecular features of mTOR, the association between mTOR and aging, and especially its role on autophagy. Special focus is placed on the roles of mTOR during ischemic and IR injury. We then clarify the association between mTOR and conditioning phenomena. Following this background, we expand our discussion to potential future directions of research in this area. Collectively, information reviewed herein will serve as a comprehensive reference for the actions of mTOR in IR injury and may be significant for the design of future research and increase the potential of mTOR as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.,2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China.,3Cadet group 3, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,4Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- 2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China.,3Cadet group 3, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Changhong Shi
- 4Laboratory Animal Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.,2Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
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29
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Barbosa MC, Grosso RA, Fader CM. Hallmarks of Aging: An Autophagic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 9:790. [PMID: 30687233 PMCID: PMC6333684 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major protein turnover pathway by which cellular components are delivered into the lysosomes for degradation and recycling. This intracellular process is able to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions, and its dysregulation could lead to the development of physiological alterations. The autophagic activity has been found to decrease with age, likely contributing to the accumulation of damaged macromolecules and organelles during aging. Interestingly, failure of the autophagic process has been reported to worsen aging-associated diseases, such as neurodegeneration or cancer, among others. Likewise, it has been proposed in different organisms that maintenance of a proper autophagic activity contributes to extending longevity. In this review, we discuss recent papers showing the impact of autophagy on cell activity and age-associated diseases, highlighting the relevance of this process to the hallmarks of aging. Thus, understanding how autophagy plays an important role in aging opens new avenues for the discovery of biochemical and pharmacological targets and the development of novel anti-aging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carolina Barbosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rubén Adrián Grosso
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Claudio Marcelo Fader
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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30
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Emerging Role of mTOR Signaling-Related miRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6141902. [PMID: 30305865 PMCID: PMC6165581 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6141902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an atypical serine/threonine kinase of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase- (PI3K-) related kinase family, elicits a vital role in diverse cellular processes, including cellular growth, proliferation, survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and metabolism. In the cardiovascular system, the mTOR signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals and serves as a central regulator of both physiological and pathological processes. MicroRNAs (miRs), a class of short noncoding RNA, are an emerging intricate posttranscriptional modulator of critical gene expression for the development and maintenance of homeostasis across a wide array of tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Over the last decade, numerous studies have revealed an interplay between miRNAs and the mTOR signaling circuit in the different cardiovascular pathophysiology, like myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure, arrhythmia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive state of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of interactions between the mTOR signaling pathway and miRs. We have also highlighted the latest advances on mTOR-targeted therapy in clinical trials and the new perspective therapeutic strategies with mTOR-targeting miRs in cardiovascular diseases.
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Fang JF, Dai JH, Ni M, Cai ZY, Liao YF. Catechin protects rat cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced injury by regulating microRNA-92a. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3257-3266. [PMID: 31949700 PMCID: PMC6962825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious condition, caused by acute, persistent ischemia or hypoxia of a coronary artery and responsible for heart failure and sudden death. This study aimed to investigate the effects of catechin, one of the main active components of green tea, on hypoxia-induced MI cell model, as well as the underlying possible mechanism. Methods: Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of microRNA-92a (miR-92a) after hypoxia stimulation and/or catechin treatment were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, western blotting, annexin V-FITC/PI staining and qRT-PCR, respectively. miRNA transfection was performed to change the expression of miR-92a. The effects of miR-92a on hypoxia and catechin-treated H9c2 cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated. Finally, western blotting was conducted to measure the expression of core factors in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Results: Hypoxia stimulation significantly inhibited H9c2 cell viability and proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and up-regulated miR-92a expression. Catechin markedly protected H9c2 cells from hypoxia-induced viability loss, proliferation inhibition, and apoptosis enhance, as well as miR-92a expression increase. Furthermore, suppression of miR-92a enhanced the protective effects of catechin on hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells. Overexpression of miR-92a had opposite effects. Catechin activated the JNK pathway in H9c2 cells by down-regulating miR-92a. Conclusion: Catechin protected H9c2 cells from hypoxia-induced injury by regulating miR-92a and JNK signaling pathway. Our findings facilitate the understanding of the protective activity of catechin in hypoxia-induced MI cell injury and provide a theoretical basis for further explore treatment of MI by using catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fei Fang
- Health Examination Center, Ningbo No.2 HospitalNingbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Hua Dai
- Department of Pain Clinic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical UniversityXiamen 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Min Ni
- Health Examination Center, Ningbo No.2 HospitalNingbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cai
- Department of Pain Clinic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical UniversityXiamen 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Feng Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No.2 HospitalNingbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
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Inhibition of the mTOR Pathway Exerts Cardioprotective Effects Partly through Autophagy in CLP Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:4798209. [PMID: 30050390 PMCID: PMC6046132 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4798209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is a severe clinical problem. Recent studies have indicated that autophagy and myocardial energy depletion play a major role in myocardial dysfunction during sepsis, a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a master sensor of energy status and autophagy mediator; however, there are little data describing its role during sepsis in the heart. Methods Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation (SHAM) was performed in rats. After treatment, pathological changes were determined by H&E staining, cardiac functions by echocardiography, the distribution of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC-3) type II and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1a) by immunohistochemical staining, and autophagic vacuoles by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the mTOR signaling pathway and LC3II, p62, and HIF-1a expression were measured by western blotting. Results Rapamycin alleviated the pathological damage of myocardial tissue, attenuated cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), p < 0.05; fractional shortening (FS), p < 0.05), and reduced HIF-1a expression (p < 0.05). Expectedly, rapamycin decreased the activity of the mTOR pathway in both sham-operated rats (p < 0.0001) and CLP rats (p < 0.01). Interestingly, we also found inhibition of the mTOR pathway in CLP rats compared with sham-operated rats; phosphorylation of both mTOR (p < 0.001) and pS6K1 (p < 0.01) was significantly suppressed following CLP challenge. Furthermore, autophagic processes were elevated by CLP; the ratio of LC3II/LC3I (p < 0.05) was increased while p62 expression (p < 0.001) was decreased significantly; there were also more autophagic vacuoles in CLP rats; and rapamycin could further elevate the autophagic processes compared with CLP rats (LC3II/LC3I, p < 0.05; P62, p < 0.05). Conclusion Inhibition of the mTOR pathway has cardioprotective effects on myocardial dysfunction during sepsis induced by CLP, which is partly mediated through autophagy.
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Ma L, Ma X, Kong F, Guo J, Shi H, Zhu J, Zou Y, Ge J. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition attenuates myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in hypertrophic heart. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1708-1719. [PMID: 29314656 PMCID: PMC5824378 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy aggravated myocardial infarction and is causally related to autophagy dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. Rapamycin is an inhibitor of serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) involved in the regulation of autophagy as well as oxidative/nitrative stress. Here, we demonstrated that rapamycin ameliorates myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury by rescuing the defective cytoprotective mechanisms in hypertrophic heart. Our results showed that chronic rapamycin treatment markedly reduced the phosphorylated mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 expression, but not Akt in both normal and aortic-banded mice. Moreover, chronic rapamycin treatment significantly mitigated TAC-induced autophagy dysfunction demonstrated by prompted Beclin-1 activation, elevated LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and increased autophagosome abundance. Most importantly, we found that MI/R-induced myocardial injury was markedly reduced by rapamycin treatment manifested by the inhibition of myocardial apoptosis, the reduction of myocardial infarct size and the improvement of cardiac function in hypertrophic heart. Mechanically, rapamycin reduced the MI/R-induced iNOS/gp91phox protein expression and decreased the generation of NO and superoxide, as well as the cytotoxic peroxynitrite. Moreover, rapamycin significantly mitigated MI/R-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial impairment demonstrated by reduced Caspase-12 activity, inhibited CHOP activation, decreased cytoplasmic Cyto-C release and preserved intact mitochondria. In addition, inhibition of mTOR also enhanced the phosphorylated ERK and eNOS, and inactivated GSK3β, a pivotal downstream target of Akt and ERK signallings. Taken together, these results suggest that mTOR signalling protects against MI/R injury through autophagy induction and ERK-mediated antioxidative and anti-nitrative stress in mice with hypertrophic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei‐Lei Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Critical Care MedicineZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Xin Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fei‐Juan Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Jie Guo
- Department of CardiologyAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Hong‐Tao Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Bing Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yun‐Zeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Bo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan Hospital and Institute of Biomedical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Serum Exosomes Attenuate H 2O 2-Induced Apoptosis in Rat H9C2 Cardiomyocytes via ERK1/2. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 12:37-44. [PMID: 29404859 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small-sized vesicles that can be released from cells into the serum. Exosomes play important roles in regulating many biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and metabolism. However, the roles and mechanisms of plasma exosomes in the apoptosis of rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated plasma exosomes as confirmed by the marker protein CD63. Using flow cytometry and western blot analysis, we found that exosomes attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis and improved survival of rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the anti-apoptosis effects of serum exosomes in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes were mediated by the activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These data indicated that plasma exosomes had the protective effects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis and might be a novel therapy strategy for myocardial injury.
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Reifsnyder PC, Ryzhov S, Flurkey K, Anunciado-Koza RP, Mills I, Harrison DE, Koza RA. Cardioprotective effects of dietary rapamycin on adult female C57BLKS/J-Lepr db mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:106-117. [PMID: 29377150 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin (RAPA), an inhibitor of mTORC signaling, has been shown to extend life span in mice and other organisms. Recently, animal and human studies have suggested that inhibition of mTORC signaling can alleviate or prevent the development of cardiomyopathy. In view of this, we used a murine model of type 2 diabetes (T2D), BKS-Leprdb , to determine whether RAPA treatment can mitigate the development of T2D-induced cardiomyopathy in adult mice. Female BKS-Leprdb mice fed diet supplemented with RAPA from 11 to 27 weeks of age showed reduced weight gain and significant reductions of fat and lean mass compared with untreated mice. No differences in plasma glucose or insulin levels were observed between groups; however, RAPA-treated mice were more insulin sensitive (P < 0.01) than untreated mice. Urine albumin/creatinine ratio was lower in RAPA-treated mice, suggesting reduced diabetic nephropathy and improved kidney function. Echocardiography showed significantly reduced left ventricular wall thickness in mice treated with RAPA compared with untreated mice (P = 0.02) that was consistent with reduced heart weight/tibia length ratios, reduced myocyte size and cardiac fibrosis measured by histomorphology, and reduced mRNA expression of Col1a1, a marker for cardiomyopathy. Our results suggest that inhibition of mTORC signaling is a plausible strategy for ameliorating complications of obesity and T2D, including cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | | | - Rea P Anunciado-Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Ian Mills
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | | | - Robert A Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
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Hypertrophied myocardium is vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury and refractory to rapamycin-induced protection due to increased oxidative/nitrative stress. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:93-110. [PMID: 29175946 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is causally related to increased morbidity and mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) via still unknown mechanisms. Although rapamycin exerts cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in normal animals, whether rapamycin-elicited cardioprotection is altered in the presence of LVH has yet to be determined. Pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophied mice and sham-operated controls were exposed to AMI by coronary artery ligation, and treated with vehicle or rapamycin 10 min before reperfusion. Rapamycin produced marked cardioprotection in normal control mice, whereas pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophied mice manifested enhanced myocardial injury, and was refractory to rapamycin-elicited cardioprotection evidenced by augmented infarct size, aggravated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and worsening cardiac function. Rapamycin alleviated MI/R injury via ERK-dependent antioxidative pathways in normal mice, whereas cardiac hypertrophied mice manifested markedly exacerbated oxidative/nitrative stress after MI/R evidenced by the increased iNOS/gp91phox expression, superoxide production, total NO metabolites, and nitrotyrosine content. Moreover, scavenging superoxide or peroxynitrite by selective gp91phox assembly inhibitor gp91ds-tat or ONOO- scavenger EUK134 markedly ameliorated MI/R injury, as shown by reduced myocardial oxidative/nitrative stress, alleviated myocardial infarction, hindered cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and improved cardiac function in aortic-banded mice. However, no additional cardioprotective effects were achieved when we combined rapamycin and gp91ds-tat or EUK134 in ischemic/reperfused hearts with or without LVH. These results suggest that cardiac hypertrophy attenuated rapamycin-induced cardioprotection by increasing oxidative/nitrative stress and scavenging superoxide/peroxynitrite protects the hypertrophied heart from MI/R.
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Samidurai A, Salloum FN, Durrant D, Chernova OB, Kukreja RC, Das A. Chronic treatment with novel nanoformulated micelles of rapamycin, Rapatar, protects diabetic heart against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4771-4784. [PMID: 28967097 PMCID: PMC5727242 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes and plays a critical role in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rapatar is a novel nanoformulated micellar of rapamycin, a putative inhibitor of mTOR that has been rationally designed to increase water solubility of rapamycin to facilitate p.o. administration and enhance bioavailability. We examined the effect of Rapatar on the metabolic status and protection against myocardial I/R injury in type 2 diabetic mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Adult male db/db mice were treated daily for 10 weeks with Rapatar (0.75 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 , p.o.) or vehicle. Isolated hearts were connected to a Langendorff perfusion system and subjected to global ischaemia (30 min) and reperfusion (1 h). KEY RESULTS Rapatar reduced fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, prevented the gain in body weight and also improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in db/db mice compared with control. Cardiac function was improved following Rapatar treatment in db/db mice. Myocardial infarct size was reduced in Rapatar-treated mice with improved post-ischaemic rate-force product. Western blot analyses demonstrated a significant inhibition of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (downstream target of mTORC1), but not Akt (Ser473 , target of mTORC2) following chronic treatment with Rapatar. Rapatar also induced phosphorylation of AMPK, STAT3, ERK1/2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β, without interfering with phosphorylation of p38. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our studies indicate that chronic treatment with Rapatar improves metabolic status and cardiac function with a reduction of infarct size following myocardial I/R injury in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Samidurai
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of CardiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Fadi N Salloum
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of CardiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - David Durrant
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of CardiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | | | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of CardiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Anindita Das
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of CardiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
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Biochemical targets of drugs mitigating oxidative stress via redox-independent mechanisms. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1225-1252. [PMID: 29101309 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic oxidative stress plays an important role in many pathologies. Two opposite approaches are typically used to prevent the damage induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), namely treatment either with antioxidants or with weak oxidants that up-regulate endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. This review discusses options for the third pharmacological approach, namely amelioration of oxidative stress by 'redox-inert' compounds, which do not inactivate RONS but either inhibit the basic mechanisms leading to their formation (i.e. inflammation) or help cells to cope with their toxic action. The present study describes biochemical targets of many drugs mitigating acute oxidative stress in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol overdose. In addition to the pro-inflammatory molecules, the targets of mitigating drugs include protein kinases and transcription factors involved in regulation of energy metabolism and cell life/death balance, proteins regulating mitochondrial permeability transition, proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and isoprenoid synthesis. The data may help in identification of oxidative stress mitigators that will be effective in human disease on top of the current standard of care.
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Keilhoff G, Esser T, Titze M, Ebmeyer U, Schild L. Gynostemma pentaphyllum is neuroprotective in a rat model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:6034-6046. [PMID: 29250141 PMCID: PMC5729372 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA)-induced ischemia results in acute and delayed neuronal cell death. The early reperfusion phase is critical for the outcome. Intervention strategies directed to this period are promising to reduce ACA/resuscitation-dependent impairments. This study focused on the evaluation of the protective potential of an extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP), a plant used in traditional medicine with antioxidative, glucose lowering and neuroprotective activities, in an ACA rat model. We tested the following parameters: i) Basic systemic parameters such as pCO2 and blood glucose value within the first 30 min post-ACA; ii) mitochondrial response by determining activities of citrate synthase, respiratory chain complexes I + III and II + III, and the composition of cardiolipin 6 and 24 h post-ACA; iii) neuronal vitality of the CA1 hippocampal region by immunohistochemistry 24 h and 7 days post-ACA; and iv) cognitive function by a novel object recognition test 7 days post-ACA. GP, administered after reaching spontaneous circulation, counteracted the following: i) ACA-mediated increases in arterial CO2 tension and blood glucose values; ii) transient increase in the activity of the respiratory chain complexes II + III; iii) elevation in cardiolipin content; iv) hippocampal CA1 neurodegeneration, and v) loss of normal novelty-object seeking. The protective effects of GP were accompanied by side effects of the vehicle DMSO, such as the stimulation of citrate synthase activity in control animals, inhibition of cardiolipin synthesis in ACA animals and complex II + III activity in both control and ACA animals. The results emphasize the importance of the early post-resuscitation phase for the neurological outcome after ACA/resuscitation, and demonstrated the power of GP substitution as neuroprotective intervention. Moreover, the results underline the need of a careful handling of the popular vehicle DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Torben Esser
- Department of Anesthesiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Titze
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Ebmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Schild
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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