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Zong Y, Meng J, Mao T, Han Q, Zhang P, Shi L. Repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier of traditional Chinese medicine for ulcerative colitis: a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1273407. [PMID: 37942490 PMCID: PMC10628444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Discovering the key regulators and repairing the disturbed barrier are crucial for preventing and treating UC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proved to be effective on treating UC and has exhibited its role in repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. We summarized the evidence of TCM against UC by protecting and repairing the physical barrier, chemical barrier, immune barrier, and biological barrier. Mechanisms of increasing intestinal epithelial cells, tight junction proteins, and mucins, promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation, restoring the abundance of the intestinal microbiota, and modulating the innate and adaptive immunity in gut, were all involved in. Some upstream proteins and signaling pathways have been elucidated. Based on the existing problems, we suggested future studies paying attention to patients' samples and animal models of UC and TCM syndromes, conducting rescue experiments, exploring more upstream regulators, and adopting new technical methods. We hope this review can provide a theoretical basis and novel ideas for clarifying the mechanisms of TCM against UC via repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Service Center of Beiyuan Community, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Dongfang Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hunt BG, Fox LH, Davis JC, Jones A, Lu Z, Waltz SE. An Introduction and Overview of RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:517. [PMID: 36833444 PMCID: PMC9956929 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RON is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) of the MET receptor family that is canonically involved in mediating growth and inflammatory signaling. RON is expressed at low levels in a variety of tissues, but its overexpression and activation have been associated with malignancies in multiple tissue types and worse patient outcomes. RON and its ligand HGFL demonstrate cross-talk with other growth receptors and, consequentially, positions RON at the intersection of numerous tumorigenic signaling programs. For this reason, RON is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer research. A better understanding of homeostatic and oncogenic RON activity serves to enhance clinical insights in treating RON-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Hunt
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
| | - Levi H. Fox
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
| | - James C. Davis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
| | - Angelle Jones
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
| | - Zhixin Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
| | - Susan E. Waltz
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
- Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
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3
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Wang JL, Han X, Li JX, Shi R, Liu LL, Wang K, Liao YT, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Hu JC, Zhang LM, Shi L. Differential analysis of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6109-6130. [PMID: 36483152 PMCID: PMC9724481 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i43.6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal micro-ecological imbalances impair the intestinal barrier and induce intestinal inflammation, for example, ulcerative colitis (UC). According to the latest research, abnormalities in intestinal microbiota structure and their metabolites play a dominant role in UC progression; in addition, they could affect the mucus barrier based on different factors. Although numerous studies have confirmed the important role of intestinal microbiota in UC pathogenesis, the intricate connection between microbiota and metabolites and mucus barrier in UC occurrence remains unclear, and correlation analyses of differential microbiota and their metabolites under UC are relatively scarce.
AIM To reveal the differential intestinal microbiota and metabolites in UC pathogenesis and explore more sensitive biomarker compositions.
METHODS We used the antibiotic combination method to establish intestinal pseudo-aseptic mice; afterward, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was applied to establish an acute experimental colitis mice model. Colitis severity, assessed based on disease activity index, colorectal length, colorectal wet weight, and histological lesions, and mucus-related staining (mucopolysaccharide alcian blue and immunofluorescence of mucin), was compared between the pseudo-aseptic and bacterial colitis mice. Finally, differential intestinal microbiota, metabolites, and their association and correlations, were analyzed by 16s rDNA sequencing in combination with non-targeted metabolomics, through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
RESULTS Compared with the pseudo-aseptic mice, intestinal bacteria positive mice were more severely ill and their intestinal mucus loss was more pronounced in DSS-induced colitis (P < 0.05), suggesting that different microbiota and metabolites could cause the different degrees of colitis. Subsequently, we observed that in addition to Klebsiella, and Bacteroides, which were widely associated with colitis, Candidatus Stoquefichus, Anaerobiospirillum, Muribaculum, and Negativibacillus may be involved in protection against colitis. Furthermore, differential metabolites of the microbiota were mainly enriched in the synthesis-related pathways of key structural sequences of mucin. In combination with the mucin-related staining and immunofluorescence results, the findings indicate that the differential microbiota and their metabolites potentially regulate the composition and function of mucus under colitis.
CONCLUSION Microbiota and their metabolites are major factors regulating the composition and function of mucus, in turn influencing the function and structure of intestinal mucus barrier under colitis. The different microbiota and metabolites identified in the present study could be novel biomarkers for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Jun-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Lei-Lei Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yu-Ting Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, Gulou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Jun-Cong Hu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
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4
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Lu Q, Li J, Ding P, Mao T, Shi L, Sun Z, Tan X, Jiang H, Dong J, Li Y, Yang X, Shi R. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction Alleviates DSS-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Inhibiting M1 Macrophage Polarization In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9427076. [PMID: 36060126 PMCID: PMC9436576 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9427076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background An imbalance of macrophage M1/M2 polarization significantly influences the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Qingchang Wenzhong decoction (QCWZD) has a proven therapeutic effect on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response in mice with colitis. However, its effect on macrophages during IBD treatment remains nebulous. Aim of the Study. Explore the mechanism underlying QCWZD effects in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model in vivo and RAW264.7 cell in vitro by observing macrophage polarization dynamics. Methods The main active components of QCWZD were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Surface marker expression on M1-type macrophages was analyzed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) released by M1 type macrophages was determined using ELSA and RT-PCR. The expression of key proteins in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was analyzed using western blotting. QCWZD cytotoxicity in macrophages was measured using CCK8 and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays. Results The main active components of QCWZD were berberine chloride, coptisine chloride, epiberberine chloride, gallic acid, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, indigo, indirubin, notoginsenoside R1, palmatine chloride, and 6-curcumin. QCWZD markedly alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice, as revealed by the rescued weight loss and disease activity index, attenuated the colonic shortening and mucosal injury associated with the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization and expression of related cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, QCWZD decreased the iNOS, JAK2, and STAT3 levels in vivo and in vitro, regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusion QCWZD administration improves intestinal inflammation by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway may mediate the effects of QCWZD on M1 macrophage polarization in colitis treatment. This study presents a novel macrophage-mediated therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Lu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Panghua Ding
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongmei Sun
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Dong
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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5
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Zhang S, Luo H, Tan D, Peng B, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Holism of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions for inflammatory bowel disease: A review based on clinical evidence and experimental research. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154202. [PMID: 35665678 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific inflammatory disease that causes a heavy burden and lacks effective treatments. Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions (CHMPs), which are characterized by a synergistic usage of herbs, are widely used in the management of IBD. The molecular mechanisms of action of CHMP are still ambiguous as the canonical "one-compound-one-target" approach has difficulty describing the dynamic bioreactions among CHMP objects. It seems more flexible to define the holism of CHMP for IBD by employing high-throughput analysis. However, studies that discuss the development of CHMP in treating IBD in a holistic view are still lacking. PURPOSE This review appraised preclinical and clinical research to fully describe the anti-IBD capacity of CHMPs and discussed CHMPs' holistic characteristics that can contribute to better management of IBD. METHODS & RESULTS We screened clinical and preclinical references of CHMP being used as treatments for IBD. We discussed the complexity of IBD and the development of CHMP to present the sophistication of CHMP treatments. To describe the clinical effectiveness of CHMPs against IBD, we performed an umbrella review of CHMP-associated META analyses, in which 1174 records were filtered down to 12 references. Then, we discussed 14 kinds of CHMPs that had a long history of use and analyzed their mechanisms of action. Representative herbs were employed to provide a subordinate explanation for the whole prescription. As holism is the dominant characteristic of CHMPs, we explored applications of CHMPs for IBD with the help of omics, gut microbiome, and network pharmacology, which are potential approaches to a dynamic figure of bioactions of CHMPs. CONCLUSION This review is the first to discuss the potential of CHMPs to manage IBD in a holistic context and will provide inspiring explanations for CHMP applications for further product transformation and application to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Dechao Tan
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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6
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Ren L, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Zhao B, Chen X, Wang Y, Chen Z, Ye J, Yang Y, Cao P. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction Prevents the Occurrence of Intestinal Tumors by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota and Gasdermin E. Front Physiol 2022; 13:917323. [PMID: 35910578 PMCID: PMC9329543 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.917323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal tumors are the third most common malignant tumors worldwide, accounting for approximately 10% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Cancer prevention is a promising way to limit the intestinal tumor incidence rate; however, challenges remain. Qingchang Wenzhong decoction (QCWZD) can clinically treat mild to moderate ulcerative colitis symptoms. Moreover, the mechanism by which it prevents intestinal tumors has not been clarified. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which QCWZD prevents the occurrence of intestinal tumors.Methods: To study the preventive mechanism of QCWZD on intestinal tumors, we used two model mice with azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)- and Apcmin/+-induced intestinal tumor formation. The two models exhibited colitis-associated cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis, respectively. Colon and small intestine tissues were collected and analyzed based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry analyses. Fecal samples were collected, and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the correlation between intestinal microbiota and the prevention of intestinal tumors.Results: In the AOM/DSS mice, the QCWZD reduced the number and size of tumors, as well as tumor load. Similarly, in the Apcmin/+ mice, QCWZD can also reduce the number of tumors and the tumor load. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed that QCWZD altered the composition of intestinal microbiota in mice, a phenomenon that may prevent the occurrence of intestinal tumors by aiding the increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Ralstonia and Butyricicoccus, and reducing that of pathogenic bacteria, such as Desulfobacterota and Bacteroides, in the intestine. Further, immunohistochemistry reveald that QCWZD can improve the expression of intestinal barrier-related proteins and inhibit pyroptosis-related proteins.Conclusions: QCWZD has the potential to prevent the occurrence of intestinal tumors. The anti-tumor activity may be achieved by regulating the intestinal microbiota, improving the function of the intestinal barrier, and inhibiting GSDME mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Zhong Chen
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group, Taizhou, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Ye, ; Yang Yang, ; Peng Cao,
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group, Taizhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Ye, ; Yang Yang, ; Peng Cao,
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Juan Ye, ; Yang Yang, ; Peng Cao,
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7
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Craig CF, Filippone RT, Stavely R, Bornstein JC, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Neuroinflammation as an etiological trigger for depression comorbid with inflammatory bowel disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:4. [PMID: 34983592 PMCID: PMC8729103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from depression at higher rates than the general population. An etiological trigger of depressive symptoms is theorised to be inflammation within the central nervous system. It is believed that heightened intestinal inflammation and dysfunction of the enteric nervous system (ENS) contribute to impaired intestinal permeability, which facilitates the translocation of intestinal enterotoxins into the blood circulation. Consequently, these may compromise the immunological and physiological functioning of distant non-intestinal tissues such as the brain. In vivo models of colitis provide evidence of increased blood–brain barrier permeability and enhanced central nervous system (CNS) immune activity triggered by intestinal enterotoxins and blood-borne inflammatory mediators. Understanding the immunological, physiological, and structural changes associated with IBD and neuroinflammation may aid in the development of more tailored and suitable pharmaceutical treatment for IBD-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Craig
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon T Filippone
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Level 4 Research Labs, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
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8
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Sun Z, Li J, Wang W, Liu Y, Liu J, Jiang H, Lu Q, Ding P, Shi R, Zhao X, Yuan W, Tan X, Shi X, Xing Y, Mao T. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction Accelerates Intestinal Mucosal Healing Through Modulation of Dysregulated Gut Microbiome, Intestinal Barrier and Immune Responses in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738152. [PMID: 34557102 PMCID: PMC8452913 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of multifactorial and inflammatory infirmities, is closely associated with dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolome, but effective treatments are currently limited. Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction (QCWZD) is an effective and classical traditional herbal prescription for the treatment of IBD and has been proved to attenuate intestinal inflammation in a model of acute colitis. However, the role of QCWZD in recovery phase of colitis is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that mice treated with QCWZD showed a faster recovery from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced epithelial injury, accompanied by reduced mucosal inflammation and attenuated intestinal dysbiosis using bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing compared to those receiving sterile water. The protective effects of QCWZD are gut microbiota dependent, as demonstrated by fecal microbiome transplantation and antibiotics treatment. Gut microbes transferred from QCWZD-treated mice displayed a similar role in mucosal protection and epithelial regeneration as QCWZD on colitis in mice, and depletion of the gut microbiota through antibiotics treatments diminished the beneficial effects of QCWZD on colitis mice. Moreover, metabolomic analysis revealed metabolic profiles alternations in response to the gut microbiota reprogrammed by QCWZD intervention, especially enhanced tryptophan metabolism, which may further accelerate intestinal stem cells-mediated epithelial regeneration to protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa through activation of Wnt/β-catenin signals. Collectively, our results suggested that orally administrated QCWZD accelerates intestinal mucosal healing through the modulation of dysregulated gut microbiota and metabolism, thus regulating intestinal stem cells-mediated epithelial proliferation, and hold promise for novel microbial-based therapies in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Yangfangdian Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- Department of Pathology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongqiong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Panghua Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjie Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Yuan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqi Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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9
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Quyushengxin Formula Causes Differences in Bacterial and Phage Composition in Ulcerative Colitis Patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5859023. [PMID: 32454865 PMCID: PMC7240791 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5859023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the colon and the rectum. Recently, some studies have shown that microorganisms in the gut play important roles in many chronic diseases such as UC. Methods To study the candidate viruses and bacteria involved in UC and to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Quyushengxin formula (QYSX) in UC patients, metagenomic sequencing was performed on the feces from healthy donors and UC patients before and after QYSX treatment. Results QYSX improved the symptoms of UC. In all participants, Caudovirales and Herpesvirales were the most dominant viruses. The abundance of Caudovirales in UC patients was significantly higher than that in the normal controls, while QYSX restored Caudovirales abundance. Furthermore, the abundance of crAssphage was enhanced in UC patients compared with the normal control, while the diversity was then decreased after QYSX treatment. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). Additionally, other non-crAssphage bacteriophages including phiST, SP-10, and phi17:2 were higher in UC patients and QYSX decreased these viruses, while the trends of MED4−213, P-HM1, and P−HM2 were adverse. Interestingly, PhiDP23.1 was only found in UC patients before and after QYSX treatment. In addition, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceae, Actinobacteria, and Corynebacteriales were the biomarkers in UC patients after QYSX treatment due to their high abundance. GO terms and KEGG analysis showed that the identified gut microbiome was involved in many biological processes and pathways. Conclusions QYSX could regulate disordered gut microbiome and phages, indicating that QYSX has great therapeutic potential for UC.
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Chang WL, Yang WC, Zeng XY, Li CG, Xiong Z, Wang T, Zhang RZ, Tao KX, Zhang P. Elevated preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor prognosis of patients with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:124. [PMID: 32321434 PMCID: PMC7178594 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are considered to reflect the systemic inflammatory response and clinical prognosis. However, the independent prognostic values of the NLR and PLR for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remain debatable. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative NLR and PLR in GIST patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all GIST patients diagnosed and surgically treated at Union Hospital between 2005 and 2018. The preoperative NLR and PLR were calculated to evaluate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the independent prognostic values. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 49 months (interquartile range, 22-74 months). The preoperative PLR was significantly increased in the GIST patients with intermediate and high tumor risks. Increases in the NLR (≥2.34) and PLR (≥185.04) were associated with shorter RFS and OS (P < 0.01). Moreover, the multivariate analysis revealed that elevated PLR was an independent factor for shorter RFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.041; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.001-4.622; P < 0.001) and OS (HR: 1.899; 95% CI: 1.136-3.173; P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS The preoperative PLR is a potential biomarker of GIST and is related to the clinical outcome. An elevated preoperative PLR predicts poor prognosis of patients with primary GIST after complete surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wen-Chang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng-Guo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhen Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kai-Xiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Network Pharmacology-Based Investigation into the Mechanisms of Quyushengxin Formula for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7870424. [PMID: 31976001 PMCID: PMC6949735 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7870424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease whose treatment strategies remain unsatisfactory. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of Quyushengxin formula acting on UC based on network pharmacology. Methods Ingredients of the main herbs in Quyushengxin formula were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of all ingredients were evaluated for screening out candidate bioactive compounds in Quyushengxin formula. Weighted ensemble similarity algorithm was applied for predicting direct targets of bioactive ingredients. Functional enrichment analyses were performed for the targets. In addition, compound-target network, target-disease network, and target-pathway network were established via Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Results A total of 41 bioactive compounds in Quyushengxin formula were selected out from the TCMSP database. These bioactive compounds were predicted to target 94 potential proteins by weighted ensemble similarity algorithm. Functional analysis suggested these targets were closely related with inflammatory- and immune-related biological progresses. Furthermore, the results of compound-target network, target-disease network, and target-pathway network indicated that the therapeutic effects of Quyushengxin on UC may be achieved through the synergistic and additive effects. Conclusion Quyushengxin may act on immune and inflammation-related targets to suppress UC progression in a synergistic and additive manner.
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Zhou N, Shen Y, Fan L, Sun Q, Huang C, Hao J, Lan J, Yan H. The Characteristics of Intestinal-Barrier Damage in Rats With IgA Nephropathy. Am J Med Sci 2019; 359:168-176. [PMID: 32089158 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal-barrier damage plays an important pathogenic role in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). In this study, we explored the characteristics of the intestinal barrier in rats with IgAN. MATERIALS AND METHODS We randomly divided 17 Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats into a normal control group (NC; n = 9) and an IgAN model group (n = 8). Feces in the distal ileum were taken for intestinal-microbiota 16sDNA sequencing. We also took a segment of terminal ileum to analyze intestinal morphology and to detect mRNA and protein expression of the tight-junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCLN), as well as of mucin 2 (MUC2). We then measured levels of serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (D-LA), the biomarkers of intestinal permeability. RESULTS Compared with the NC group, mRNA expression levels of ZO-1 (t = 4.216, P = 0.0007), OCLN (t = 2.413, P = 0.029) and MUC2 (t = 0.859, P < 0.0001) were significantly decreased in the IgAN model group. Protein expression of ZO-1 (t = 7.349, P < 0.0001) and OCLN (t = 6.367, P < 0.0001) was also decreased in the IgAN model group. Conversely, serum DAO (t = 3.758, P = 0.0024) and D-LA (t = 2.246, P = 0.0427) levels increased in this group. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus2 (P = 0.0086) was increased in the IgAN model group. CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of ZO-1, OCLN and MUC2, plus intestinal-microbiota dysbiosis, are associated with intestinal-barrier damage in IgAN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology,; National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Childhood (Beijing), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Nephrology,; National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Childhood (Beijing), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Nephrology,; National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Childhood (Beijing), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Canxing Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Longyan People's Hospital, Longyan City, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Jingchao Lan
- Department of Nephrology,; National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Center for Children's Health (Beijing), Beijing, China.
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Gut Microbiota-Mediated NLRP12 Expression Drives the Attenuation of Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9839474. [PMID: 31061672 PMCID: PMC6466890 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9839474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Qingchang Wenzhong Decoction (QCWZD) is a newly developed, effective traditional Chinese herbal formulation for ulcerative colitis (UC). In earlier studies, we found that QCWZD could relieve the clinical symptoms of UC patients, reduce inflammation, and improve the intestinal barrier function in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced UC rats. However, the relationship between QCWZD and the gut microbiota in colitis was not clarified. In this study, we established a rat model of DSS-induced UC and then investigated the regulatory effects of QCWZD on the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA analysis. We also determined the expression of NLRP12 after QCWZD administration. Our findings suggested that QCWZD administration could modulate gut microbiota composition and selectively promote the protective strains such as Butyricimonas, Blautia, and Odoribacter, whereas the enteric pathogens including Clostridium and Dorea were significantly reduced after QCWZD treatment. It is noteworthy that QCWZD administration was identified to promote gut microbiota-mediated NLRP12 expression by inhibiting the activity of the TLR4/Blimp-1 axis. In conclusion, our study supports the potential of QCWZD administration as a beneficial therapeutic strategy for UC.
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Shi L, Dai Y, Jia B, Han Y, Guo Y, Xie T, Liu J, Tan X, Ding P, Li J. The inhibitory effects of Qingchang Wenzhong granule on the interactive network of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9979-9991. [PMID: 30548311 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of complex immune disease, the pathogenesis of which remains elusive. Destruction of the intestinal barrier, extreme inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis might play key roles in the development of UC. In previous studies, we observed that Qingchang Wenzhong granule (QCWZG) had the exact effect on the remission of UC in the clinic; however, the underlying mechanism has not been identified. This study aimed to reveal the effects of QCWZG on the intestinal physical barrier and the interactive network of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups: blank group, model group, high/mild/low-dose QCWZG groups, and mesalazine group. The rats in the experimental group drank 4% DSS for 7 days and 1% DSS for the subsequent 7 days. Different medications or distilled water was supplied by intragastric administration for 7 days. The levels of colitis and indices related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were assessed. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the QCWZG group (P < 0.05) demonstrated attenuated disease activity index, colonic mucosa disease index, histological lesions, and colonic weights; lower levels of inflammatory substances, such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase; lower levels of malondialdehyde; and increased levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The QCWZG group also demonstrated elevated expression of Bcl-2 and occluding but downregulated db expression of Bax and caspase 3 in the colon. CONCLUSION QCWZG could relieve rats with DSS-induced colitis from UC symptoms by improving the intestinal physical barrier, which resists the interactive network of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and their overactivated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Oriental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Boyi Jia
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine of TCM College of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Panghua Ding
- Graduate school of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Gastroenterology Department, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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