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Vahabi M, Comandatore A, Franczak MA, Smolenski RT, Peters GJ, Morelli L, Giovannetti E. Role of exosomes in transferring chemoresistance through modulation of cancer glycolytic cell metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:163-172. [PMID: 37541790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance constitute a major obstacle in cancer treatment, leading to limited options and decreased patient survival. Recent studies have revealed a novel mechanism of chemoresistance acquisition: the transfer of information via exosomes, small vesicles secreted by various cells. Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication by carrying proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, influencing cancer cell behavior and response to treatment. One crucial mechanism of resistance is cancer metabolic reprogramming, which involves alterations in the cellular metabolic pathways to support the survival and proliferation of drug-resistant cancer cells. This metabolic reprogramming often includes increased glycolysis, providing cancer cells with the necessary energy and building blocks to evade the effects of chemotherapy. Notably, exosomes have been found to transport glycolytic enzymes, as identified in proteomic profiling, leading to the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, facilitating altered glucose metabolism and increased lactate production. As a result, they profoundly impact the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor progression, survival, immune evasion, and drug resistance.Understanding the complexities of such exosome-mediated cell-to-cell communication might open new therapeutic avenues and facilitate biomarker development in managing cancers characterized by aggressive glycolytic features. Moreover, given the intricate nature of metabolic abnormalities combining future exosome-based-targeted therapies with existing treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies holds promise for achieving synergistic effects to overcome resistance and improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrou Vahabi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annalisa Comandatore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marika A Franczak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam U.M.C., VU. University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Pisa, Italy.
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2
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Eatmann AI, Hamouda E, Hamouda H, Farouk HK, Jobran AWM, Omar AA, Madeeh AK, Al-Dardery NM, Elnoamany S, Abd-Elnasser EG, Koraiem AM, Ahmed AA, Abouzid M, Karaźniewicz-Łada M. Potential Use of Thalidomide in Glioblastoma Treatment: An Updated Brief Overview. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040543. [PMID: 37110201 PMCID: PMC10146416 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Thalidomide is a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor that demonstrates antiangiogenic activity, and may provide additive or synergistic anti-tumor effects when co-administered with other antiangiogenic medications. This study is a comprehensive review that highlights the potential benefits of using thalidomide, in combination with other medications, to treat glioblastoma and its associated inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the review examines the mechanism of action of thalidomide in different types of tumors, which may be beneficial in treating glioblastoma. To our knowledge, a similar study has not been conducted. We found that thalidomide, when used in combination with other medications, has been shown to produce better outcomes in several conditions or symptoms, such as myelodysplastic syndromes, multiple myeloma, Crohn's disease, colorectal cancer, renal failure carcinoma, breast cancer, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, challenges may persist for newly diagnosed or previously treated patients, with moderate side effects being reported, particularly with the various mechanisms of action observed for thalidomide. Therefore, thalidomide, used alone, may not receive significant attention for use in treating glioblastoma in the future. Conducting further research by replicating current studies that show improved outcomes when thalidomide is combined with other medications, using larger sample sizes, different demographic groups and ethnicities, and implementing enhanced therapeutic protocol management, may benefit these patients. A meta-analysis of the combinations of thalidomide with other medications in treating glioblastoma is also needed to investigate its potential benefits further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail Eatmann
- Department of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Esraa Hamouda
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | - Heba Hamouda
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | | | - Afnan W M Jobran
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 51000, Palestine
| | - Abdallah A Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services and Sciences, Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357), Cairo 11617, Egypt
| | | | | | - Salma Elnoamany
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia P.O. Box 5744, Egypt
| | | | | | - Alhassan Ali Ahmed
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Panuzzo C, Pironi L, Maglione A, Rocco S, Stanga S, Riganti C, Kopecka J, Ali MS, Pergolizzi B, Bracco E, Cilloni D. mTORC2 Is Activated under Hypoxia and Could Support Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021234. [PMID: 36674750 PMCID: PMC9865638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a critical condition that governs survival, self-renewal, quiescence, metabolic shift and refractoriness to leukemic stem cell (LSC) therapy. The present study aims to investigate the hypoxia-driven regulation of the mammalian Target of the Rapamycin-2 (mTORC2) complex to unravel it as a novel potential target in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapeutic strategies. After inducing hypoxia in a CML cell line model, we investigated the activities of mTORC1 and mTORC2. Surprisingly, we detected a significant activation of mTORC2 at the expense of mTORC1, accompanied by the nuclear localization of the main substrate phospho-Akt (Ser473). Moreover, the Gene Ontology analysis of CML patients' CD34+ cells showed enrichment in the mTORC2 signature, further strengthening our data. The deregulation of mTOR complexes highlights how hypoxia could be crucial in CML development. In conclusion, we propose a mechanism by which CML cells residing under a low-oxygen tension, i.e., in the leukemia quiescent LSCs, singularly regulate the mTORC2 and its downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucrezia Pironi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maglione
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Rocco
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Stanga
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ali
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bracco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
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Panobinostat, a Pan-HDAC Inhibitor, Substantially Decreases the Quiescent Population of Leukemic Cells either in Monoculture or in Co-culture with Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.120599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: It is increasingly evident that interactions between leukemic cells and their niches can have profound effects on clinical outcomes and have been contributed to the failure in treatment and drug shortage in the eradication of minimal residual disease, at least in part, through moving the cells from proliferative state to quiescent state. Objectives: We, therefore, investigated the effects of different bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on the induction of quiescence and tested the advantage of pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat in the induction of apoptosis and targeting the quiescence cells of APL-derived (NB4) and CML-derived (K562) cell lines. Methods: We firstly evaluated the effect of BMSCs including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), osteoblast, and macrophage on the induction of NB4 and K562 cells quiescence in co-culture models. Next, the alterations in mRNA expression of quiescence-related genes and leukemia-driver oncogenes were evaluated in different models. Finally, the anti-leukemic effects of panobinostat were evaluated, using MTT assay and evaluation of apoptosis and G0 population. Results: Upon 10 days of co-culture with stromal cells, we found that leukemic cells significantly accumulated in the G0 phase. The co-cultured cells also depictured an overall overexpression of most quiescence promoter genes. The oncogenes were underexpressed in the majority of co-cultured models. The results also showed that although panobinostat could induce apoptosis in co-cultured cells, its effect on the reduction of the G0 population was more striking. Conclusions: These data propose that leukemia cells' quiescence state induced by stromal cells is reversible by HDAC inhibition and panobinostat could be a potentiate drug for eradication of treatment-resistance quiescence leukemic cells.
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Poteti M, Menegazzi G, Peppicelli S, Tusa I, Cheloni G, Silvano A, Mancini C, Biagioni A, Tubita A, Mazure NM, Lulli M, Rovida E, Dello Sbarba P. Glutamine Availability Controls BCR/Abl Protein Expression and Functional Phenotype of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Endowed with Stem/Progenitor Cell Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174372. [PMID: 34503182 PMCID: PMC8430815 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a neoplasm brilliantly taken care of by a molecularly targeted therapeutic approach, the achievement of cure is nevertheless prevented by the maintenance of a small subset of treatment-resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs), sustaining the so-called minimal residual disease of CML. The phenotypical and functional characterization of this LSC subset is, therefore, crucial to aim at the eradication of disease. Such a characterization includes the acquisition of information relative to the metabolic profile of treatment-resistant LSCs, which is functional to their maintenance in bone marrow. A number of metabolic features of LSCs were shown to determine their sensitivity or resistance to therapy. Glutamine metabolism emerged from this study as a potential target to overcome the persistence of therapy-resistant LSCs. Abstract This study was directed to characterize the role of glutamine in the modulation of the response of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells to low oxygen, a main condition of hematopoietic stem cell niches of bone marrow. Cells were incubated in atmosphere at 0.2% oxygen in the absence or the presence of glutamine. The absence of glutamine markedly delayed glucose consumption, which had previously been shown to drive the suppression of BCR/Abl oncoprotein (but not of the fusion oncogene BCR/abl) in low oxygen. Glutamine availability thus emerged as a key regulator of the balance between the pools of BCR/Abl protein-expressing and -negative CML cells endowed with stem/progenitor cell potential and capable to stand extremely low oxygen. These findings were confirmed by the effects of the inhibitors of glucose or glutamine metabolism. The BCR/Abl-negative cell phenotype is the best candidate to sustain the treatment-resistant minimal residual disease (MRD) of CML because these cells are devoid of the molecular target of the BCR/Abl-active tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) used for CML therapy. Therefore, the treatments capable of interfering with glutamine action may result in the reduction in the BCR/Abl-negative cell subset sustaining MRD and in the concomitant rescue of the TKi sensitivity of CML stem cell potential. The data obtained with glutaminase inhibitors seem to confirm this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Poteti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Giulio Menegazzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Silvia Peppicelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Ignazia Tusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Giulia Cheloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Harvard University Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Angela Silvano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Caterina Mancini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Alessio Biagioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Alessandro Tubita
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Nathalie M. Mazure
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine-INSERM U1065, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, 151 Route Saint Antoine de Ginestière, 06204 Nice, France;
| | - Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (P.D.S.)
| | - Persio Dello Sbarba
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (G.M.); (S.P.); (I.T.); (G.C.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (A.B.); (A.T.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (P.D.S.)
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Akman M, Belisario DC, Salaroglio IC, Kopecka J, Donadelli M, De Smaele E, Riganti C. Hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress and chemoresistance: dangerous liaisons. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:28. [PMID: 33423689 PMCID: PMC7798239 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors often grow in a micro-environment characterized by < 2% O2 tension. This condition, together with the aberrant activation of specific oncogenic patwhays, increases the amount and activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a transcription factor that controls up to 200 genes involved in neoangiogenesis, metabolic rewiring, invasion and drug resistance. Hypoxia also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a condition that triggers cell death, if cells are irreversibly damaged, or cell survival, if the stress is mild.Hypoxia and chronic ER stress both induce chemoresistance. In this review we discuss the multiple and interconnected circuitries that link hypoxic environment, chronic ER stress and chemoresistance. We suggest that hypoxia and ER stress train and select the cells more adapted to survive in unfavorable conditions, by activating pleiotropic mechanisms including apoptosis inhibition, metabolic rewiring, anti-oxidant defences, drugs efflux. This adaptative process unequivocally expands clones that acquire resistance to chemotherapy.We believe that pharmacological inhibitors of HIF-1α and modulators of ER stress, although characterized by low specificty and anti-cancer efficacy when used as single agents, may be repurposed as chemosensitizers against hypoxic and chemorefractory tumors in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhlis Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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Deak D, Gorcea-Andronic N, Sas V, Teodorescu P, Constantinescu C, Iluta S, Pasca S, Hotea I, Turcas C, Moisoiu V, Zimta AA, Galdean S, Steinheber J, Rus I, Rauch S, Richlitzki C, Munteanu R, Jurj A, Petrushev B, Selicean C, Marian M, Soritau O, Andries A, Roman A, Dima D, Tanase A, Sigurjonsson O, Tomuleasa C. A narrative review of central nervous system involvement in acute leukemias. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:68. [PMID: 33553361 PMCID: PMC7859772 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemias (both myeloid and lymphoblastic) are a group of diseases for which each year more successful therapies are implemented. However, in a subset of cases the overall survival (OS) is still exceptionally low due to the infiltration of leukemic cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the subsequent formation of brain tumors. The CNS involvement is more common in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), than in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although the rates for the second case might be underestimated. The main reasons for CNS invasion are related to the expression of specific adhesion molecules (VLA-4, ICAM-1, VCAM, L-selectin, PECAM-1, CD18, LFA-1, CD58, CD44, CXCL12) by a subpopulation of leukemic cells, called “sticky cells” which have the ability to interact and adhere to endothelial cells. Moreover, the microenvironment becomes hypoxic and together with secretion of VEGF-A by ALL or AML cells the permeability of vasculature in the bone marrow increases, coupled with the disruption of blood brain barrier. There is a single subpopulation of leukemia cells, called leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that is able to resist in the new microenvironment due to its high adaptability. The LCSs enter into the arachnoid, migrate, and intensively proliferate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and consequently infiltrate perivascular spaces and brain parenchyma. Moreover, the CNS is an immune privileged site that also protects leukemic cells from chemotherapy. CD56/NCAM is the most important surface molecule often overexpressed by leukemic stem cells that offers them the ability to infiltrate in the CNS. Although asymptomatic or with unspecific symptoms, CNS leukemia should be assessed in both AML/ALL patients, through a combination of flow cytometry and cytological analysis of CSF. Intrathecal therapy (ITT) is a preventive measure for CNS involvement in AML and ALL, still much research is needed in finding the appropriate target that would dramatically lower CNS involvement in acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Deak
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Gorcea-Andronic
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentina Sas
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Pediatrics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Patric Teodorescu
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Catalin Constantinescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Intensive Care Unit, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sabina Iluta
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionut Hotea
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Turcas
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Moisoiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Galdean
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jakob Steinheber
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Rus
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Rauch
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cedric Richlitzki
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bobe Petrushev
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Selicean
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Marian
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Andries
- Department of Radiology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Roman
- Department of Radiology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Radiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Tanase
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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8
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Belisario DC, Kopecka J, Pasino M, Akman M, De Smaele E, Donadelli M, Riganti C. Hypoxia Dictates Metabolic Rewiring of Tumors: Implications for Chemoresistance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122598. [PMID: 33291643 PMCID: PMC7761956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition commonly observed in the core of solid tumors. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) act as hypoxia sensors that orchestrate a coordinated response increasing the pro-survival and pro-invasive phenotype of cancer cells, and determine a broad metabolic rewiring. These events favor tumor progression and chemoresistance. The increase in glucose and amino acid uptake, glycolytic flux, and lactate production; the alterations in glutamine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation; the high levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; the modulation of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation are hallmarks of the metabolic rewiring induced by hypoxia. This review discusses how metabolic-dependent factors (e.g., increased acidification of tumor microenvironment coupled with intracellular alkalinization, and reduced mitochondrial metabolism), and metabolic-independent factors (e.g., increased expression of drug efflux transporters, stemness maintenance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition) cooperate in determining chemoresistance in hypoxia. Specific metabolic modifiers, however, can reverse the metabolic phenotype of hypoxic tumor areas that are more chemoresistant into the phenotype typical of chemosensitive cells. We propose these metabolic modifiers, able to reverse the hypoxia-induced metabolic rewiring, as potential chemosensitizer agents against hypoxic and refractory tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Carolina Belisario
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Pasino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhlis Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.B.); (J.K.); (M.P.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5857
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9
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Wilde L, Ramanathan S, Kasner M. B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibition and resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:528-540. [PMID: 32879842 PMCID: PMC7443828 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i8.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spurred by better understanding of disease biology, improvements in molecular diagnostics, and the development of targeted therapies, the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has undergone significant evolution in recent years. Arguably, the most exciting shift has come from the success of treatment with the B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor venetoclax. When given in combination with a hypomethylating agent or low dose cytarabine, venetoclax demonstrates high response rates, some of which are durable. In spite of this, relapses after venetoclax treatment are common, and much interest exists in elucidating the mechanisms of resistance to the drug. Alterations in leukemic stem cell metabolism have been identified as a possible escape route, and clinical trials focusing on targeting metabolism in AML are ongoing. This review article highlights current research regarding venetoclax treatment and resistance in AML with a focus on cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Wilde
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Sabarina Ramanathan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Margaret Kasner
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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10
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Silvestri G, Trotta R, Stramucci L, Ellis JJ, Harb JG, Neviani P, Wang S, Eisfeld AK, Walker CJ, Zhang B, Srutova K, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Pineda G, Jamieson CHM, Stagno F, Vigneri P, Nteliopoulos G, May PC, Reid AG, Garzon R, Roy DC, Moutuou MM, Guimond M, Hokland P, Deininger MW, Fitzgerald G, Harman C, Dazzi F, Milojkovic D, Apperley JF, Marcucci G, Qi J, Polakova KM, Zou Y, Fan X, Baer MR, Calabretta B, Perrotti D. Persistence of Drug-Resistant Leukemic Stem Cells and Impaired NK Cell Immunity in CML Patients Depend on MIR300 Antiproliferative and PP2A-Activating Functions. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 1:48-67. [PMID: 32974613 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.bcd-19-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence of drug-resistant quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSC) and impaired natural killer (NK) cell immune response account for relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is essential for CML-quiescent LSC survival and NK cell antitumor activity. Here we show that MIR300 has antiproliferative and PP2A-activating functions that are dose dependently differentially induced by CCND2/CDK6 and SET inhibition, respectively. MIR300 is upregulated in CML LSCs and NK cells by bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) signals to induce quiescence and impair immune response, respectively. Conversely, BCR-ABL1 downregulates MIR300 in CML progenitors to prevent growth arrest and PP2A-mediated apoptosis. Quiescent LSCs escape apoptosis by upregulating TUG1 long noncoding RNA that uncouples and limits MIR300 function to cytostasis. Genetic and pharmacologic MIR300 modulation and/or PP2A-activating drug treatment restore NK cell activity, inhibit BMM-induced growth arrest, and selectively trigger LSC apoptosis in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts; hence, the importance of MIR300 and PP2A activity for CML development and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovannino Silvestri
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rossana Trotta
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lorenzo Stramucci
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin J Ellis
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jason G Harb
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paolo Neviani
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ann-Kathrin Eisfeld
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher J Walker
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Klara Srutova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gabriel Pineda
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Catriona H M Jamieson
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology and Unit of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Division of Hematology and Unit of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Georgios Nteliopoulos
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa C May
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair G Reid
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramiro Garzon
- Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Denis-Claude Roy
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moutuaata M Moutuou
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Guimond
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Hokland
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Garrett Fitzgerald
- Center for Advanced Fetal Care University, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher Harman
- Center for Advanced Fetal Care University, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Division of Cancer Studies, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dragana Milojkovic
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane F Apperley
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukemia Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Ying Zou
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria R Baer
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bruno Calabretta
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Danilo Perrotti
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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Houshmand M, Blanco TM, Circosta P, Yazdi N, Kazemi A, Saglio G, Zarif MN. Bone marrow microenvironment: The guardian of leukemia stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:476-490. [PMID: 31523368 PMCID: PMC6716085 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i8.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is the main sanctuary of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and protects these cells against conventional therapies. However, it may open up an opportunity to target LSCs by breaking the close connection between LSCs and the BMM. The elimination of LSCs is of high importance, since they follow cancer stem cell theory as a part of this population. Based on cancer stem cell theory, a cell with stem cell-like features stands at the apex of the hierarchy and produces a heterogeneous population and governs the disease. Secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles, whether through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms by activation of downstream signaling pathways in LSCs, favors their persistence and makes the BMM less hospitable for normal stem cells. While all details about the interactions of the BMM and LSCs remain to be elucidated, some clinical trials have been designed to limit these reciprocal interactions to cure leukemia more effectively. In this review, we focus on chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia LSCs and their milieu in the bone marrow, how to segregate them from the normal compartment, and finally the possible ways to eliminate these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Teresa Mortera Blanco
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
| | - Paola Circosta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Narjes Yazdi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran
| | - Alireza Kazemi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran 146651157, Iran
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
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12
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Tissue "Hypoxia" and the Maintenance of Leukemia Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1143:129-145. [PMID: 31338818 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7342-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of the homing of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow to specific environmental conditions, referred to as the stem cell niche (SCN), has been intensively studied over the last three decades. These conditions include the action of a number of molecular and cellular players, as well as critical levels of nutrients, oxygen and glucose in particular, involved in energy production. These factors are likely to act also in leukemias, due to the strict analogy between the hierarchical structure of normal hematopoietic cell populations and that of leukemia cell populations. This led to propose that leukemic growth is fostered by cells endowed with stem cell properties, the leukemia stem cells (LSC), a concept readily extended to comprise the cancer stem cells (CSC) of solid tumors. Two alternative routes have been proposed for CSC generation, that is, the oncogenic staminalization (acquisition of self-renewal) of a normal progenitor cell (the "CSC in normal progenitor cell" model) and the oncogenic transformation of a normal (self-renewing) stem cell (the "CSC in normal stem cell" model). The latter mechanism, in the hematological context, makes LSC derive from HSC, suggesting that LSC share SCN homing with HSC. This chapter is focused on the availability of oxygen and glucose in the regulation of LSC maintenance within the SCN. In this respect, the most critical aspect in view of the outcome of therapy is the long-term maintenance of the LSC subset capable to sustain minimal residual disease and the related risk of relapse of disease.
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13
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Sensitivity to imatinib of KCL22 chronic myeloid leukemia cell survival/growth and stem cell potential under glucose shortage. Data Brief 2018; 20:1901-1904. [PMID: 30294641 PMCID: PMC6168789 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented here are related to the original research article entitled “Imatinib enhances the maintenance of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) stem cell potential in the absence of glucose” (Bono et al., 2018). The sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib-mesylate (IM) of KCL22 CML cells cultured under glucose shortage have been determined by scoring cell survival/growth via trypan blue exclusion and stem cell potential via Culture Repopulation Ability (CRA) assay. Discussion of the data can be found in Bono et al. (2018).
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14
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Bocchia M, Sicuranza A, Abruzzese E, Iurlo A, Sirianni S, Gozzini A, Galimberti S, Aprile L, Martino B, Pregno P, Sorà F, Alunni G, Fava C, Castagnetti F, Puccetti L, Breccia M, Cattaneo D, Defina M, Mulas O, Baratè C, Caocci G, Sica S, Gozzetti A, Luciano L, Crugnola M, Annunziata M, Tiribelli M, Pacelli P, Ferrigno I, Usala E, Sgherza N, Rosti G, Bosi A, Raspadori D. Residual Peripheral Blood CD26 + Leukemic Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients During TKI Therapy and During Treatment-Free Remission. Front Oncol 2018; 8:194. [PMID: 29900128 PMCID: PMC5988870 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in sustained "deep molecular response" may stop TKI treatment without disease recurrence; however, half of them lose molecular response shortly after TKI withdrawing. Well-defined eligibility criteria to predict a safe discontinuation up-front are still missing. Relapse is probably due to residual quiescent TKI-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs) supposedly transcriptionally low/silent and not easily detectable by BCR-ABL1 qRT-PCR. Bone marrow Ph+ CML CD34+/CD38- LSCs were found to specifically co-express CD26 (dipeptidylpeptidase-IV). We explored feasibility of detecting and quantifying CD26+ LSCs by flow cytometry in peripheral blood (PB). Over 400 CML patients (at diagnosis and during/after therapy) entered this cross-sectional study in which CD26 expression was evaluated by a standardized multiparametric flow cytometry analysis on PB CD45+/CD34+/CD38- stem cell population. All 120 CP-CML patients at diagnosis showed measurable PB CD26+ LSCs (median 19.20/μL, range 0.27-698.6). PB CD26+ LSCs were also detectable in 169/236 (71.6%) CP-CML patients in first-line TKI treatment (median 0.014 cells/μL; range 0.0012-0.66) and in 74/112 (66%), additional patients studied on treatment-free remission (TFR) (median 0.015/μL; range 0.006-0.76). Notably, no correlation between BCR-ABL/ABLIS ratio and number of residual LSCs was found both in patients on or off TKIs. This is the first evidence that "circulating" CML LSCs persist in the majority of CML patients in molecular response while on TKI treatment and even after TKI discontinuation. Prospective studies evaluating the dynamics of PB CD26+ LSCs during TKI treatment and the role of a "stem cell response" threshold to achieve and maintain TFR are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bocchia
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Sicuranza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Iurlo
- IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Santina Sirianni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Sara Galimberti
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Aprile
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Martino
- Hematology Unit Bianchi Melacrino Morelli Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pregno
- Hematology Division, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Sorà
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCSS Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Fava
- Hematology Division, Ospedale Mauriziano, Torino, Italy
| | - Fausto Castagnetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology "L. & A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Puccetti
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Breccia
- Hematology, Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Cattaneo
- IRCCS Ca' Granda - Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Defina
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Olga Mulas
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Baratè
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caocci
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Sica
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCSS Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Monica Crugnola
- Hematology Unit, Maggiore Hospital University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and BMT, Department of Medical and Morphological Researches, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Pacelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ferrigno
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emilio Usala
- Hematology Unit, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicola Sgherza
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gianantonio Rosti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Medical Oncology "L. & A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bosi
- Department of Hematology, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Donatella Raspadori
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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15
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"Nutrient-sensing" and self-renewal: O-GlcNAc in a new role. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 50:205-211. [PMID: 29204729 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whether embryonic, hematopoietic or cancer stem cells, this metabolic reprogramming is dependent on the nutrient-status and bioenergetic pathways that is influenced by the micro-environmental niches like hypoxia. Thus, the microenvironment plays a vital role in determining the stem cell fate by inducing metabolic reprogramming. Under the influence of the microenvironment, like hypoxia, the stem cells have increased glucose and glutamine uptake which result in activation of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and increased O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT). The current review is focused on understanding how HBP, a nutrient-sensing pathway (that leads to increased OGT activity) is instrumental in regulating self-renewal not only in embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells (ESC/HSC) but also in cancer stem cells.
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