1
|
Almalki M, Khayat W. The Use and Reprocessing of Endodontic Files in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e54427. [PMID: 38510902 PMCID: PMC10951433 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the awareness, implementation, and compliance with the infection control policy recommended by the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) for the use and reprocessing of endodontic files and to examine the association between compliance and gender, experience, clinical ranks, and workplace sector. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted using a validated self-administered electronic questionnaire created and distributed to dentists who perform endodontic treatment in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected between June and July 2023. Descriptive statistics were reported as counts and percentages. Comparisons among the demographic groups were done using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results A total of 402 dentists completed the survey. The results showed that 76.1% (n=306) of respondents claimed that they were aware of the infection control policy recommended by the Saudi MOH for the use and reprocessing of endodontic files in dental clinics. Only 13.2% (n=53) of dentists used single-use endodontic files, and 36.6% (n=147) did not use an endodontic box in their dental clinics. The most commonly reported method of tracing the number of uses of endodontic files was to write the ID of the patient or the number of uses on the sterilization pouch as reported by 37.6% of participants (n=151). The average compliance score percentage was 63.5 ± 16.7. Most of the respondents showed moderate to high levels of compliance (51.7% (n=208) and 42.0% (n=169) of dentists, respectively). Dentists with less than 5 years of experience showed significantly less compliance than dentists with more than 10 years of experience (p = 0.005). Gender, clinical rank, and workplace sector were not significantly associated with the extent of adhering to the evaluated infection control policy. Conclusions Our findings indicate a relatively high level of compliance with the Saudi MOH policy of using and reprocessing endodontic files. However, critical measures such as the single-use of endodontic files, sterilizing new endodontic files, and using the sterilized endodontic box for each patient need improvement. Hence, this study recommends enhancing awareness through continuous education and training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Almalki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Waad Khayat
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santos RC, Araújo LS, Junqueira RB, Costa ED, Pigatti FM, Kamburoğlu K, Carvalho PHB, Oliveira MLB, Aquino SN, Verner FS. Assessment of infection control in oral radiology during the COVID-19 outbreak: An international collaborative study. Imaging Sci Dent 2023; 53:365-373. [PMID: 38174034 PMCID: PMC10761298 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20230141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the context of COVID-19, studies evaluating the adherence of dentists and dental students to infection control are relevant due to their high occupational exposure and risk, as well as their responsibility for disseminating information and good practices. This study evaluated the adherence of dentists and dental students to infection control in the oral radiology field in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic on different continents. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional observational study involved individuals who performed intraoral radiographic examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Questionnaire on Infection Control in Oral Radiology was administered virtually using a Google Form. Participants from different continents (the Americas, Africa, Europe, Asia, and Oceania) were recruited. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis and simple and multiple binary regression (5%). Results There were 582 valid answers, and 68.73% of the participants were from the Americas, 18.90% from Europe, and 12.37% from Asia. The median score for infection control protocols was 94 points for dental students and 104 points for dentists, and participants below the median were considered to have low adherence to infection control in oral radiology. Low access to infection control was found for 53.0% of dentists in the Americas, 34.0% from Europe, and 26.9% from Asia. Conclusion The adherence to infection control protocols in oral radiology was low even in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results may help improve the awareness of students and professionals, since oral radiology routines have the potential for transmitting COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela C Santos
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Araújo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Junqueira
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Health Applied Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliana D Costa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Pigatti
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kıvanç Kamburoğlu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pedro HB Carvalho
- Health Applied Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manuela LB Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sibele N Aquino
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Health Applied Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francielle S Verner
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Health Applied Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus GV, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Albagieh H, Alsenani M, Alshehri M, Alamri H, Alghamdi N, Alawaji R, Almutib L. Knowledge and awareness assessment of cross-contamination of dental floss containers in King Saud University dental hospital clinics. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:90-94. [PMID: 36817032 PMCID: PMC9931507 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infection control procedures are implemented in dental clinics to reduce the risk of cross-contamination; saliva, blood, or airborne droplets containing infective agents are example of direct contamination, while indirect exposure via contact with contaminated surfaces and dental equipments such as dental chair, tray, faucet, air syringe, suction tip, gutta percha, paper points, retraction cords, and dental floss containers. Dental floss is known to be an integral part of most dental procedures. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding cross-contamination of dental floss containers among a selected population of dental assistants in dental clinics at King Saud University (KSU). Material and Methods A swab was taken from 60 dental floss containers selected by simple random sampling among 60 different dental clinics at KSU and culture test was done using a charcoal transport swab to identify the type of bacteria that might be present on the dental floss containers. Also a Google forms questionnaire which consisted of 20 multiple choice questions, including demographic questions on gender, nationality, and professional experience, followed by questions to evaluate different infection control concepts and practices. Results This study included 70 dental assistants, most of whom were female (94.3 %). A significant number (41.4 %) of the dental assistants have never heard of OSHA course, and most of them (77.1 %) have never taken an OSHA course. Some participants who attended > 2 infection control courses (37.8 %) did not disagree that it is a waste of material to use new gloves to clean each clinic. Regarding the laboratory results for the collected samples, the highest frequency was noted for Staphylococcus hominis (27.8 %). Conclusion The present study concluded that there is still further need for implementation of infection control programs and raising more awareness regarding this subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Albagieh
- Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author at: College of Dentistry, Building 23, 2nd Floor, Office# 2B 19, Saudi Arabia.
| | - May Alsenani
- Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alshehri
- Dental Department, King Khaled University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi Alamri
- Consevative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alghamdi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alawaji
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lulwah Almutib
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haghani J, Ebrahimnejad H, Torabi-Parizi M, Karimi-Afshar M, Amiri R. Knowledge and Practice of Kerman Dentists about Infection Control in Digital Radiography. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2022; 23:467-471. [PMID: 36718164 PMCID: PMC9883628 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2021.91381.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Infection control is essential for a safe clinical environment during patients' treatment in dentistry. Transmission of the infection can occur due to contact with patients' saliva and blood in radiology clinics. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of dentists in Kerman about infection control in digital radiology. MATERIALS AND METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted on 162 dentists who worked either in private office or clinic or both. The samples were selected through simple sampling method. Data were collected through demographic data, and valid and reliable questionnaire consisted of 7 questions about knowledge and 12 questions about practice on infection control in digital radiology. Data were analyzed in SPSS 26 software using T, ANOVA, and linear regression tests. The p value was considered at 0.05% significant level. RESULTS 86(53.1%) of participants were men and 76 (46.9%) were female. The mean age of participants and work experience were 36.32±8.88 and 11.03±8.53 years, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of knowledge, practice, and total were 5.20±1.26, 7.98±2.00, and 13.22±2.72, respectively. There was a positive significant correlation between knowledge with age of participants (p= 0.009). There was also a direct significant correlation between knowledge and practice with work experience (p= 0.045 and p= 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION Knowledge and practice of dentists in Kerman about infection control in digital radiology were good and medium respectively. However, there was a direct significant correlation between knowledge and practice of dentists. Knowledge and practice scores in dentists who worked in private office were significantly better than those who worked only in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Haghani
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamed Ebrahimnejad
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Molook Torabi-Parizi
- Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzieh Karimi-Afshar
- Dept. of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akbari Tosi R, Motevasselian F, Shamshiri AR, Khan S. Knowledge of Patients Regarding Infection Control in Dentistry: Development and Validation of a New Questionnaire. Front Dent 2022; 19:36. [PMID: 36873613 PMCID: PMC9975773 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v19i36.11248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Assessment of patients' knowledge regarding infection control in dentistry can help professionals in the development of protocol planning to minimize the risk of disease transmission through dental procedures. The aim of this paper is to assess the knowledge level about infection control of patients presenting to the dental clinic of the School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Materials and Methods: The draft of the questionnaire was designed with eight domains regarding infection control in dentistry including the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by six experts and 10 laypersons. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by the test-retest method. Two-hundred and forty-four patients (over 20 years of age) were selected based on non-random convenience sampling method, and participated in this study in July 2020. According to the difficulty coefficient, differential coefficient, and the opinion of the experts about the questionnaire filled out by the participants, 24 questions were selected out of 43 for the final version. Results: The intra-rater reliability indices were ≥75% and the scale-content validity indices for relevance, simplicity, and clarity were 87.80%, 93.75% % and 93.33%, respectively. The knowledge score of patients was 76.83%±11.58% which was not correlated with the level of education, age or gender (P>0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge level of patients presenting to the dental clinic of Tehran University of Medical Scineces measured by a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was acceptable about infection control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariba Motevasselian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadika Khan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Menawi W, Sabbah A, Kharraz L. Cross-infection and infection control in dental clinics in Nablus and Tulkarm districts. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:352. [PMID: 34930145 PMCID: PMC8685310 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection control had many developments in the COVID 19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, despite this, there were many complications in different health care facilities as well as dentists' clinics due to the lack of infection control knowledge and compliance failure. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and compliance with the infection control measures in the dental clinics in the Nablus and Tulkarm districts. RESULTS The results showed that the total positive response regard all infection control domains were (70.0 %). Whereas the participants gave the highest positive response for personnel protective equipment i.e. gloving was (96.10 %). They gave the instruments related to controls the lowest responses, i.e. instruments sterilization was (59.40 %). The analyzed data showed significant statistical differences in the compliance with infection control measures between Nablus and Tulkarm districts "p < 0.05" in the interest of dentists from Tulkarm. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that there is moderate compliance to infection control protocol in Nablus and Tulkarm dental clinics. Thus, there is a need to strengthen adherence to infection control measures. METHOD A universal sampling was used to assess the infection control program at the dental clinics in Nablus and Tulkarm Districts. The study sample involved 265 dentists. Data was collected using a questionnaire which has been sent via email between July and August 2020. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, One-way ANOVA and Post-Hock tests have been used. Statistical significance was set at ″P <0.05″. Cronbach's alpha has been conducted to ensure the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Menawi
- Public Health Management Program, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah University, Nablus, Palestine.
- Pathology and Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Medicine and Health Science college, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
- Head of Quality Assurance Department at NBU, Scientific Centers, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Areej Sabbah
- Master of Public Health Management, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Lubna Kharraz
- Medicine and Health Science College, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anzar W, Afaq A, Baig QA, Mohamed OY, Bukhari IA, Vohra F. Relationship between work-related ocular events, facial injuries and associated factors amongst dental professionals during COVID-19. Work 2021; 69:759-766. [PMID: 34180445 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dental settings, COVID-19 can be transmitted directly from patients to dentists through small droplets, saliva splashes, blood, and other body fluids liberated as a result of dental procedures. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of ocular and facial injuries in dental professionals and to investigate factors in dental practice contributing to ocular injuries. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was performed in public and private sector universities. The study had 301 participants including final year undergraduate students, interns, postgraduate trainees, general practitioners, and dental specialists. Data were gathered online using Google forms. Information on sociodemographic, practice details, history of ocular and facial encounters during the clinical experience, and protective measures adopted by the dentists were collected. Means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables whereas frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. A Chi-square test was applied for association between variables. RESULTS Ocular events and facial injuries occurred more in females 204 (67.8%) than in males 97(32.2%). Final year students reported more incidence of ocular encounters than specialists (40.9%, 3.3%). Dentists working in the government sector underwent more ocular encounters than those in private sectors 185(61.4%) and 96 (31.8%). Majority of participants reported that scaling was the procedure in which dentists experienced an ocular event. A significant association was found between ocular events, qualification, years of experience in clinical practice, number of patients treated per day, improper posture, and proper armamentarium (p < 0.05). However, no association was found between ocular events, gender, working sector, and dental procedures. CONCLUSION Occurrence of ocular injuries were high compared to facial injuries and these outcomes were dependent on dental expertise and experiences. Appropriate measures should be adopted to minimize the risk of disease transmission and COVID-19 through the eyes among practicing dentists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wajiha Anzar
- Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ashar Afaq
- Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Ali Baig
- Dow International Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Osama Y Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishfaq A Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hassan MG, Amer H. Dental Education in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Recommendations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:648899. [PMID: 34136499 PMCID: PMC8200815 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.648899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moving within the second wave of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, dental education delivery has been profoundly affected by this crisis, so has the structure, evaluation, and future of dental education. Both pre-clinical and clinical dental education have experienced challenges ranging from fully online educational content to limited dental training for senior dental students. This crisis appears to be a tipping point that produced confusion in dental teaching especially clinical sciences. Although medical institutions immediately started to adapt to the unexpected COVID-19 crisis, dental and oral health educational services are profoundly impaired due to the dental team's propinquity to the patient and the aerosols generated during routine dental therapeutic procedures. Dental students unlike other medical students are considered to be at the highest risk due to the nature of their clinical training that includes working in the oral cavity of patients using aerosol-generating equipment. Some dental schools have taken the leadership and documented their modifications during this pandemic; however, there is a serious need for further investigation and wide range screening of the situation in the dental schools during the COVID-19 crisis. The aim of this mini-review is to present these challenges and how academic dental institutions have implemented strategies to overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G Hassan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala Amer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodrigues A, Hegde V, Hegde AV, Shastri SG, Ravikumar DN, Rodrigues R. An exploration of the oral health beliefs and behaviors of people living with HIV in Mangalore, India: a qualitative study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:222. [PMID: 33931053 PMCID: PMC8086078 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction People living with HIV (PLWHIV) have increased oral healthcare needs due to an increase in the prevalence of oral and dental diseases. Their oral health is influenced by psychosocial, behavioral and biologic factors. The aim of this study was to explore and obtain a deeper understanding of the oral health beliefs and behaviors of PLWHIV that could potentially affect their oral health. Methods We have used the Health Belief Model (HBM) and qualitative methods using in-depth interviews with 16 PLWHIV. Content analysis of the transcribed data was done. The data was grouped under the constructs of the HBM. Findings The perceived susceptibility to oral diseases and awareness on the importance of good oral health was low. Regular tooth brushing and traditional methods for oral hygiene maintenance were considered beneficial. Regular dental visits were not considered important. Psychosocial issues, time and financial constraints were the barriers. Participants believed that information on oral health should be provided by the health providers in hospitals and dental clinics. Conclusion The findings on the oral health beliefs and behaviors support the need for education on oral health and preventive healthcare practices among PLWHIV. Oral health promotion should include behavioral change as one of its components. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01549-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Rodrigues
- Department of Prosthodontics, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India.
| | - Vijaya Hegde
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Adarsh V Hegde
- Department of Prosthodontics, A.J. Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Suresh G Shastri
- Care, Support and Treatment, Karnataka State AIDS Prevention Society, Bangalore, India
| | - D N Ravikumar
- Care, Support and Treatment, Karnataka State AIDS Prevention Society, Bangalore, India
| | - Rashmi Rodrigues
- Department of Community Health, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.,Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prakash R, Digumarthi UK. An Emphasis on Engineering Controls and Administrative Controls in the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in an Orthodontic Setting: Thinking Beyond Tomorrow. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0301574220988185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Most of the initial focus in handling COVID-19 had been based on avoiding exposure by refraining from rendering most treatments other than those considered an emergency or urgent. Post-lockdown, with the resumption of most activities, there has been concern over the possibility of transmission scenarios if sufficient care is not taken. The control and prevention of the spread of infections when elimination of exposure is not possible is chiefly achieved through the judicious use of engineering controls and administrative controls in a clinical setting in addition to the standard protocols and transmission-based protocols. True safety lies in being one step ahead. There have been mentions of the possibility that COVID-19 could be opportunistic airborne in its spread, in addition to being spread via saliva, droplets, and contaminated surfaces or objects. Method: A literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and advisories released by such organizations as the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOFHW), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), American Dental Association (ADA), Canadian Dental Association (CDA), French National Dentists Association, Dental Council of Belgium, National Health Service, England (NHS UK), National Health Service Scotland (NHS Scotland), and International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID) was performed, with search parameters aimed at gathering information pertaining to infection control and cross infection control in dental settings as related to orthodontics. Result: There have been numerous articles and advisories published over the last 20 years, but the main focus has been on safe practices and to an extent on personal protective equipment, with relatively less emphasis on the need for respiratory protection by way of engineering controls and administrative controls. This review highlights the engineering and administrative controls that can be put into effect to make infection control and prevention much more effective. Conclusion: Any health care facility must be able to prevent, contain, and control infections with no risk of nosocomial infections. For this, an assumption has to be made that every individual in a health care setting is either at risk or a risk, depending on whether the person is infected or not. Meticulous attention to stringent policies of hygiene and infection control and prevention, coupled with suitable supporting engineering and administrative controls, is to be made a standard way of life in such facilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Prakash
- Department of Prosthdontics, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Sciences, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Uday K Digumarthi
- Department of Orthodontics, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Dental Sciences, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Asadpour M, Nasirzadeh M, Pourhashem N, Peimani A. Effect of education based on health belief model on observation of standard precautions by dental students in Rafsanjan in 2019. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:349. [PMID: 33575385 PMCID: PMC7871968 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_255_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is vital importance to observe standard precautions (SPs) in dentistry to prevent the transfer and spread of blood-borne diseases in the community. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of educational intervention using health belief model (HBM) on the observation of SPs by dental students in 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-seven dental preclinical students were included in the present quasi-experimental study. The students were randomly assigned to two groups, and data were collected using a questionnaire designed based on HBM. Educational intervention was carried out after the pretest analysis in four 60-min sessions. Data were analyzed with independent t-test and paired t-test using SPSS 16 at a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS After the educational intervention, the mean score of awareness (P = 0.001), perceived susceptibility (P = 0.01), perceived severity (P = 0.02), perceived benefits (P < 0.001), cues to action (P = 0.006), self-efficacy (P = 0.002), and behavior (0.03) in the intervention group was significantly increased. CONCLUSION Despite the effect of education on increasing the students' scores in HBM constructs and observation of SPs, the most important barriers to the adoption of precautionary behaviors were deficiencies in protective tools and aids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asadpour
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Nasirzadeh
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Nahid Pourhashem
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Peimani
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alakhras M, Al-Mousa DS, Mahasneh A, AlSa'di AG. Factors Affecting Compliance of Infection Control Measures among Dental Radiographers. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8834854. [PMID: 33273923 PMCID: PMC7683140 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8834854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the level of dental radiographers' compliance with infection control measures and to evaluate the factors affecting their compliance. METHODS The study included 175 dental radiographers. Compliance with infection control was evaluated with a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 33 questions related to vaccination, hand hygiene (HH), personal protective equipment (PPE), disinfection and sterilization, and use of surface barriers. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare compliance between subgroups of radiographers. RESULTS 64.6% of participants were females, and 62.9% was younger than 30 years. 13.0% of the sample population had >10 years of experience and 28.0% take radiographs for >20 patients/day. 66.9% of participants wash their hands before/after taking radiographs. 26.3% of participants had vaccination against hepatitis B, tetanus, and tuberculosis. 12.6% fully use PPE, 10.9% perform complete disinfection and sterilization, and 16.0% apply all kinds of surfaces barriers. Vaccination was significantly affected by age, gender, and practice type. HH was affected by years of experience and number of patients radiographed per day. PPE was influenced by number of hours worked per week and patients radiographed daily. Disinfection and sterilization was affected by practice type and years of experience. The use of surface barriers was affected by age, practice type, and number of patients radiographed/day. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated poor compliance with infection control practices among dental radiographers. We recommend continuing educational programs and training courses to increase dental radiographers' awareness of local and international infection control guidelines and to enhance their implementation of these guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maram Alakhras
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar Ramtha, Jordan
| | - Dana S. Al-Mousa
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar Ramtha, Jordan
| | - Arwa Mahasneh
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar Ramtha, Jordan
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qamar MK, Shaikh BT, Afzal A. What Do the Dental Students Know about Infection Control? A Cross-Sectional Study in a Teaching Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3413087. [PMID: 32596299 PMCID: PMC7285392 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3413087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental students are exposed to various infections and infective sources during their training, and on this aspect, their level of knowledge is suboptimal and practices are risky. Therefore, improving their knowledge and practices would contribute significantly to infection control. OBJECTIVE To ascertain the level of understanding of senior dental students regarding the infection control in the dental practice. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students (3rd year and 4th year) of the Foundation University Dental College, Pakistan. The sample consisted of 100 third year dental students and 88 fourth year students. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection which consisted of fourteen close-ended items. Frequencies of knowledge, attitudes, and practice were calculated separately by using SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS Almost half of the students would not use any antiseptic for sterilizing their hands, and only two-third would ask their patient to use an oral mouth rinse before starting the treatment. Many students did not the optimal temperature of the autoclave for sterilization of the instruments. Only one-third would wear the personal protective equipment during a procedure. Around one-third of the study participants reported that ineffective sterilization during clinical practice can transmit infection from one patient to another. CONCLUSION Knowledge on infection control among the dental students is though weak, practices are not as per standards but attitudes are positive and encouraging for taking steps and complying with measures on infection control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Khan Qamar
- Department of Pathology, Foundation University Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Aamir Afzal
- Foundation University Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Innovation by Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing Technology: A Look at Infection Prevention in Dental Settings. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6092018. [PMID: 31467901 PMCID: PMC6699473 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent data indicates limited awareness and compliance on infection prevention procedures by dental offices and by dental laboratories. Guidelines for infection prevention in dentistry have been published by Centres for Disease Control and Prevention since 2003; the section “IX-Special consideration” includes a subsection concerning the prevention in dental laboratories, but it has not been modernised in later versions to fit the needs of traditional and computer-aided technology. Traditional techniques required disinfecting items (impression, chewing waxes, and appliances) with well-suited products, which are also chosen for limiting impression changes or appliance deterioration. Effective procedures are available with difficulties. Some of these contain irritant or non-eco-friendly disinfectants. The transport of impression, to dental laboratories, is often delayed with limited precautions for limiting cross-infection. Gypsum casts are frequently contaminated mainly by bacteria and their antibiotic-resistant strains and even stored for long periods during dental implant supported restoration and orthodontic therapy, becoming a hidden source of infection. Nowadays, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology seems to be an interesting way to promote both business and safety, being more comfortable for patients and more accurate than traditional technology. A further advantage is easier infection prevention since, for the most part, mainly digital impression and casts are not a source of cross-infection and the transport of contaminated items is reduced and limited to try-in stages. Nevertheless, a peculiar feature is that a digital electronic file is of course unalterable, but may be ruined by a computer virus. Additionally, the reconditioning of scanner tips is determinant for the optical characteristics and long term use of the scanner, but information for its reconditioning from producers is often limited. This study focuses on some critical points including (a) insufficient guidelines, (b) choice of proper procedure for scanner reconditioning, and (c) data protection in relation to patient privacy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Binalrimal S, AlDrees A, AlWehaibi M, AlAsmary M, AlShammery A, AlHaidri E, AlQabbaa L. Awareness and compliance of dental students and interns toward infection control at Riyadh Elm University. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2019; 14:Doc10. [PMID: 31538043 PMCID: PMC6734498 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Dental students have increasing patient contact during their education and clinical years, putting them at high risk of cross-infection; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the level of infection control practices among dental students and interns at Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among interns and clinical students at Riyadh Elm University. The questionnaire comprised 32 items assessing infection control practices, and the data were tabulated and analyzed by SPSS to produce descriptive statistics. Results: Three hundred nine questionnaires were answered (response rate 77%).The implementation of different infection control measures was good to excellent, except for hepatitis B vaccination and wearing eye protection: only 76% of males and 83% of females were vaccinated against HBV, and only 30% of males and 26% of females always wore protective glasses. Conclusion: Compared to previous studies, an increased awareness regarding infection control practices among dental students and interns was noticeable. However, greater emphasis on the importance of infection control, especially compliance with HBV vaccination and wearing protective eyewear, is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Binalrimal
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohammed AlAsmary
- Prosthodontics Department, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital - North Western Region, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate HIV related discrimination among general dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; and to list factors affecting or causing healthcare providers to discriminate people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: The current study takes place in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia. The duration for accepting all responses was between March and November, 2017. In this cross-sectional study, we used a self-administered, structured questionnaire. The sample size was 430 general dentists practicing in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation were calculated. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out at p<0.05 level of significance. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. Results: In our study population, the total HIV related discrimination was 67.4%. Approximately 98.1% defer PLWH to the last appointment of the day, while 84.7% refer them to specialists. Furthermore,100% reported wearing double gloves, and 94.7% where wearing protective eye shields if they encounter HIV-patient in the clinic. Male participants were found to be 23% more likely to be discriminative compared to female participants, Moreover, participants who are confident to provide both surgical and non-surgical dental treatment for PLWH were found to be 52% less likely to be discriminative towards PLWH. Also, HIV discrimination is 33% higher in the private practice compared to the governmental practice. Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency virus related discrimination in the study population was affected by dentists’ gender, type of practice, and self-protective attitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab N Alshouibi
- Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
da Costa ED, da Costa AD, Lima CADS, Possobon RDF, Ambrosano GMB. The assessment of adherence to infection control in oral radiology using newly developed and validated questionnaire (QICOR). Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2018; 47:20170437. [PMID: 29718686 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20170437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the infection control in oral radiology among radiologists and dentists of diverse dentistry clinical specialties and among dentistry students. METHODS: A Questionnaire on Infection Control in Oral Radiology was applied to 1006 dentists and 1203 dentistry students. For assessment of infection control, the scores of the questionnaire were dichotomized in high and low through the median. Simple logistic regression models were set for adherence to infection control and independent variables, estimating the crude odds ratios with the respective 95% confidence intervals. The variables with p < 0.20 in the individual analyses were tested in multiple logistic regression models, remaining in the final model the variables with p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Individual and adjusted association analysis showed that female dentists have 1.41 ([95% CI: 1.08-1.84)] more adherence odds to infection control when compared with males (p < 0.05). There was no significant association in regarding age, time of education in dentistry, an undergraduate degree from a public or private school, and work in public and/or private clinics. There were also no differences among radiologists and dentists of other clinical specialties. The students from the last year of the dental schools had 1.7 [95% CI (1.13-2.57)] more chances of less adherence to infection control (p = 0.0001). There was no significant association with respect to sex, age and public or private schools. CONCLUSIONS: Educational procedures should be conducted in relation to infection control protocols in oral radiology, especially among male dentists, regardless clinic specialty, and among the students of the last year of the dental school.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Dantas da Costa
- 1 Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Adriana Dantas da Costa
- 2 Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto de Souza Lima
- 1 Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | - Rosana de Fátima Possobon
- 2 Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas , Piracicaba , Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|