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Calvillo-Rodríguez KM, Lorenzo-Anota HY, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Martínez-Torres AC, Scott-Algara D. Immunotherapies inducing immunogenic cell death in cancer: insight of the innate immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294434. [PMID: 38077402 PMCID: PMC10701401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies include monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, oncolytic viruses, cellular therapies, and other biological and synthetic immunomodulators. These are traditionally studied for their effect on the immune system's role in eliminating cancer cells. However, some of these therapies have the unique ability to directly induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Unlike general immune stimulation, ICD triggers specific therapy-induced cell death pathways, based on the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying tumour cells. These activate innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and subsequent adaptive immune responses, offering the promise of sustained anticancer drug efficacy and durable antitumour immune memory. Exploring how onco-immunotherapies can trigger ICD, enhances our understanding of their mechanisms and potential for combination strategies. This review explores the complexities of these immunotherapeutic approaches that induce ICD, highlighting their implications for the innate immune system, addressing challenges in cancer treatment, and emphasising the pivotal role of ICD in contemporary cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Misael Calvillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Helen Yarimet Lorenzo-Anota
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Ana Carolina Martínez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico
| | - Daniel Scott-Algara
- Département d'Immunologie, Unité de Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
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2
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Zaitseva O, Hoffmann A, Otto C, Wajant H. Targeting fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-inducible 14 (Fn14) for tumor therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935086. [PMID: 36339601 PMCID: PMC9634131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) and is activated by its ligand TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). The latter occurs as a homotrimeric molecule in a soluble and a membrane-bound form. Soluble TWEAK (sTWEAK) activates the weakly inflammatory alternative NF-κB pathway and sensitizes for TNF-induced cell death while membrane TWEAK (memTWEAK) triggers additionally robust activation of the classical NF-κB pathway and various MAP kinase cascades. Fn14 expression is limited in adult organisms but becomes strongly induced in non-hematopoietic cells by a variety of growth factors, cytokines and physical stressors (e.g., hypoxia, irradiation). Since all these Fn14-inducing factors are frequently also present in the tumor microenvironment, Fn14 is regularly found to be expressed by non-hematopoietic cells of the tumor microenvironment and most solid tumor cells. In general, there are three possibilities how the tumor-Fn14 linkage could be taken into consideration for tumor therapy. First, by exploitation of the cancer associated expression of Fn14 to direct cytotoxic activities (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), cytotoxic payloads, CAR T-cells) to the tumor, second by blockade of potential protumoral activities of the TWEAK/Fn14 system, and third, by stimulation of Fn14 which not only triggers proinflammtory activities but also sensitizes cells for apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. Based on a brief description of the biology of the TWEAK/Fn14 system and Fn14 signaling, we discuss the features of the most relevant Fn14-targeting biologicals and review the preclinical data obtained with these reagents. In particular, we address problems and limitations which became evident in the preclinical studies with Fn14-targeting biologicals and debate possibilities how they could be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Zaitseva
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annett Hoffmann
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation,Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation,Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Harald Wajant,
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3
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Cancer Cachexia and Antitumor Immunity: Common Mediators and Potential Targets for New Therapies. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060880. [PMID: 35743911 PMCID: PMC9225288 DOI: 10.3390/life12060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia syndrome (CCS) is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome affecting a significant proportion of patients. CCS is characterized by progressive weight loss, alterations of body composition and a systemic inflammatory status, which exerts a major impact on the host’s innate and adaptive immunity. Over the last few years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) transformed the treatment landscape for a wide spectrum of malignancies, creating an unprecedented opportunity for long term remissions in a significant subset of patients. Early clinical data indicate that CCS adversely impairs treatment outcomes of patients receiving ICIs. We herein reviewed existing evidence on the potential links between the mechanisms that promote the catabolic state in CCS and those that impair the antitumor immune response. We show that the biological mediators and processes leading to the development of CCS may also participate in the modulation and the sustainment of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and impaired anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the deregulation of the host’s metabolic homeostasis in cancer cachexia is associated with resistance to ICIs. Further research on the interrelation between cancer cachexia and anti-tumor immunity is required for the effective management of resistance to immunotherapy in this specific but large subgroup of ICI treated individuals.
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Lower Expression of TWEAK is Associated with Poor Survival and Dysregulate TIICs in Lung Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8661423. [PMID: 35707713 PMCID: PMC9192298 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8661423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and the most subtype is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) greatly impact the prognosis of LUAD. Tumor necrosis factor–like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), signal via its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), dysregulates immune cell recruitment within tumor environment, thus promoting the progression of autoimmune diseases and cancer. We aimed to explore its role in LUAD. Methods. The expression level of TWEAK was explored in Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0) and Oncomine databases. The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) and Lung Cancer Explorer (LCE) databases were applied to evaluate the survival in correlation to TWEAK expression. TIICs were assessed with TIMER2.0 and TIDE datasets. The expression of TWEAK protein was detected in LUAD cell lines and also in tissue samples from LUAD patients via western blotting or combination with immunochemistry. Results. Our results showed that TWEAK was downregulated in LUAD tumors compared to normal tissues in TIMER2.0, Oncomine, cell lines, and clinical specimens. Poor survival was uncovered in lower TWEAK expression of LUAD patients in LCE (
[95% CI, 0.76-0.92]) and TCGA (
,
) and GSE13213@PRECOG (
,
) in TIDE. Multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) were found closely correlated with TWEAK expression in LUAD, especially hematopoietic stem cell (
,
), common lymphoid progenitor (
,
), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (
,
). Conclusion. Lower level of TWEAK was linked with poor survival and aberrant recruitment and phenotype of TIICs in LUAD, which might motivate immune escape and weaken the effects of immunotherapy.
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Han G, Yang G, Hao D, Lu Y, Thein K, Simpson BS, Chen J, Sun R, Alhalabi O, Wang R, Dang M, Dai E, Zhang S, Nie F, Zhao S, Guo C, Hamza A, Czerniak B, Cheng C, Siefker-Radtke A, Bhat K, Futreal A, Peng G, Wargo J, Peng W, Kadara H, Ajani J, Swanton C, Litchfield K, Ahnert JR, Gao J, Wang L. 9p21 loss confers a cold tumor immune microenvironment and primary resistance to immune checkpoint therapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5606. [PMID: 34556668 PMCID: PMC8460828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) provides substantial clinical benefits to cancer patients, but a large proportion of cancers do not respond to ICT. To date, the genomic underpinnings of primary resistance to ICT remain elusive. Here, we performed immunogenomic analysis of data from TCGA and clinical trials of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, with a particular focus on homozygous deletion of 9p21.3 (9p21 loss), one of the most frequent genomic defects occurring in ~13% of all cancers. We demonstrate that 9p21 loss confers "cold" tumor-immune phenotypes, characterized by reduced abundance of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), particularly, T/B/NK cells, altered spatial TILs patterns, diminished immune cell trafficking/activation, decreased rate of PD-L1 positivity, along with activation of immunosuppressive signaling. Notably, patients with 9p21 loss exhibited significantly lower response rates to ICT and worse outcomes, which were corroborated in eight ICT trials of >1,000 patients. Further, 9p21 loss synergizes with PD-L1/TMB for patient stratification. A "response score" was derived by incorporating 9p21 loss, PD-L1 expression and TMB levels in pre-treatment tumors, which outperforms PD-L1, TMB, and their combination in identifying patients with high likelihood of achieving sustained response from otherwise non-responders. Moreover, we describe potential druggable targets in 9p21-loss tumors, which could be exploited to design rational therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guoliang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dapeng Hao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyaw Thein
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin S Simpson
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omar Alhalabi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minghao Dang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enyu Dai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fengqi Nie
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shuangtao Zhao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ameer Hamza
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arlene Siefker-Radtke
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Jordi Rodon Ahnert
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Budhwani M, Turrell G, Yu M, Frazer IH, Mehdi AM, Chandra J. Immune-Inhibitory Gene Expression is Positively Correlated with Overall Immune Activity and Predicts Increased Survival Probability of Cervical and Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:622643. [PMID: 33834038 PMCID: PMC8021786 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.622643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited immunotherapy options are approved for the treatment of cervical cancer and only 10-25% of patients respond effectively to checkpoint inhibition monotherapy. To aid the development of novel therapeutic immune targets, we aimed to explore survival-associated immune biomarkers and co-expressed immune networks in cervical cancer. Methods: Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CESC) data (n = 304), we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and determined which co-expressed immune-related genes and networks are associated with survival probability in CESC patients under conventional therapy. A "Pan-Immune Score" and "Immune Suppression Score" was generated based on expression of survival-associated co-expressed immune networks and immune suppressive genes, which were subsequently tested for association with survival probablity using the TCGA Head Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) data (n = 528), representing a second SCC cancer type. Results: In CESC, WGCNA identified a co-expression module enriched in immune response related genes, including 462 genes where high expression was associated with increased survival probability, and enriched for genes associated with T cell receptor, cytokine and chemokine signaling. However, a high level of expression of 43 of the genes in this module was associated with decreased survival probability but were not enriched in particular pathways. Separately, we identified 20 genes associated with immune suppression including inhibitory immune checkpoint and regulatory T cell-related genes, where high expression was associated with increased survival probability. Expression of these 20 immune suppressive genes (represented as "Immune Suppression Score") was highly correlated with expression of overall survival-associated immune genes (represented as "Pan-Immune Score"). However, high expression of seven immune suppression genes, including TWEAK-R, CD73, IL1 family and TGFb family genes, was significantly associated with decreased survival probability. Both scores also significantly associated with survival probability in HNSCC, and correlated with the previously established "Immunophenoscore." Conclusion: CESC and HNSCC tumors expressing genes predictive of T cell infiltrates (hot tumors) have a better prognosis, despite simultaneous expression of many immune inhibitory genes, than tumors lacking expression of genes associated with T cell infiltrates (cold tumors) whether or not these tumor express immune inhibitory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Budhwani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Gavin Turrell
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Meihua Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ahmed M Mehdi
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Janin Chandra
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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7
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Alvarez de Cienfuegos A, Cheung LH, Mohamedali KA, Whitsett TG, Winkles JA, Hittelman WN, Rosenblum MG. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of a human fusion construct targeting the TWEAK receptor Fn14 and containing a modified granzyme B. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001138. [PMID: 32958685 PMCID: PMC7507898 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody-drug conjugates are an exceptional and useful therapeutic tool for multiple diseases, particularly for cancer treatment. We previously showed that the fusion of the serine protease granzyme B (GrB), the effector molecule or T and B cells, to a binding domain allows the controlled and effective delivery of the cytotoxic payload into the target cell. The production of these constructs induced the formation of high molecular aggregates with a potential impact on the efficacy and safety of the protein. Methods Our laboratory designed a new Fn14 targeted fusion construct designated GrB(C210A)-Fc-IT4 which contains a modified GrB payload for improved protein production and preserved biological activity. We assessed the construct’s enzymatic activity, as well as in vitro cytotoxicity and internalization into target cells. We also assessed pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicology parameters in vivo. Results GrB(C210A)-Fc-IT4 protein exhibited high affinity and selective cytotoxicity within the nanomolar range when tested against a panel of Fn14-positive human cancer cell lines. The construct rapidly internalized into target cells, activating the caspase cascade and causing mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice revealed that GrB(C210A)-Fc-IT4 displayed a bi-exponential clearance from plasma with a fast initial clearance (t1/2α=0.36 hour) followed by a prolonged terminal-phase plasma half-life (t1/2β=35 hours). Mice bearing MDA-MB-231 orthotopic tumor xenografts treated with vehicle or GrB(C210A)-Fc-IT4 construct (QODx5) demonstrated tumor regression and long-term (>80 days) suppression of tumor growth. Treatment of mice bearing established, subcutaneous A549 lung tumors showed impressive, long-term tumor suppression compared with a control group treated with vehicle alone. Administration of GrB(C210A)-Fc-IT4 (100 mg/kg total dose) was well-tolerated by mice and resulted in significant reduction of tumor burden in a lung cancer patient-derived xenograft model. Toxicity studies revealed no statistically significant changes in aspartate transferase, alanine transferase or lactate dehydrogenase in treated mice. Histopathological analysis of tissues from treated mice did not demonstrate any specific drug-related changes. Conclusion GrB(C210A)-Fc-IT4 demonstrated excellent, specific cytotoxicity in vitro and impressive in vivo efficacy with no significant toxicity in normal murine models. These studies show GrB(C210A)-Fc-IT4 is an excellent candidate for further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alvarez de Cienfuegos
- Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lawrence H Cheung
- Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Khalid A Mohamedali
- Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Surgery, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Walter N Hittelman
- Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenblum
- Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Zhang J, Muise ES, Han S, Kutchukian PS, Costet P, Zhu Y, Kan Y, Zhou H, Shah V, Huang Y, Saigal A, Akiyama TE, Shen XL, Cai TQ, Shah K, Carballo-Jane E, Zycband E, Yi L, Tian Y, Chen Y, Imbriglio J, Smith E, Devito K, Conway J, Ma LJ, Hoek M, Sebhat IK, Peier AM, Talukdar S, McLaren DG, Previs SF, Jensen KK, Pinto S. Molecular Profiling Reveals a Common Metabolic Signature of Tissue Fibrosis. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100056. [PMID: 33205063 PMCID: PMC7659620 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis, or the accumulation of extracellular matrix, is a common feature of many chronic diseases. To interrogate core molecular pathways underlying fibrosis, we cross-examine human primary cells from various tissues treated with TGF-β, as well as kidney and liver fibrosis models. Transcriptome analyses reveal that genes involved in fatty acid oxidation are significantly perturbed. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and acylcarnitine accumulation are found in fibrotic tissues. Substantial downregulation of the PGC1α gene is evident in both in vitro and in vivo fibrosis models, suggesting a common node of metabolic signature for tissue fibrosis. In order to identify suppressors of fibrosis, we carry out a compound library phenotypic screen and identify AMPK and PPAR as highly enriched targets. We further show that pharmacological treatment of MK-8722 (AMPK activator) and MK-4074 (ACC inhibitor) reduce fibrosis in vivo. Altogether, our work demonstrate that metabolic defect is integral to TGF-β signaling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Eric S Muise
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Seongah Han
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Peter S Kutchukian
- Department of Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Philippe Costet
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yanqing Kan
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Vinit Shah
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yongcheng Huang
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ashmita Saigal
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Taro E Akiyama
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Xiao-Lan Shen
- Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Tian-Quan Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Kashmira Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ester Carballo-Jane
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Emanuel Zycband
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Lan Yi
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of PPDM, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Jason Imbriglio
- Department of Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Kristine Devito
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - James Conway
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Maarten Hoek
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Iyassu K Sebhat
- Department of Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Andrea M Peier
- Department of Pharmacology, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Saswata Talukdar
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - David G McLaren
- Department of Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Stephen F Previs
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Kristian K Jensen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Shirly Pinto
- Department of Cardiometabolic Diseases, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.,Kallyope Inc., 430 E 29 Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
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9
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Ye S, Cohen D, Belmar NA, Choi D, Tan SS, Sho M, Akamatsu Y, Kim H, Iyer R, Cabel J, Lake M, Song D, Harlan J, Zhang C, Fang Y, Wahl AF, Culp P, Hollenbaugh D, Chao DT. A Bispecific Molecule Targeting CD40 and Tumor Antigen Mesothelin Enhances Tumor-Specific Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1864-1875. [PMID: 31462409 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have demonstrated some clinical activity, but with dose-limiting toxicity. To reduce systemic toxicity, we developed a bispecific molecule that was maximally active in the presence of a tumor antigen and had limited activity in the absence of the tumor antigen. LB-1 is a bispecific molecule containing single-chain Fv domains targeting mouse CD40 and the tumor antigen mesothelin. LB-1 exhibited enhanced activity upon binding to cell-surface mesothelin but was less potent in the absence of mesothelin binding. In a mouse model implanted with syngeneic 4T1 tumors expressing cell-surface mesothelin, LB-1 demonstrated comparable antitumor activity as an agonistic CD40 mAb but did not cause elevation of serum cytokines and liver enzymes, as was observed in anti-CD40-treated mice. The results from our study of LB-1 were used to develop a human cross-reactive bispecific molecule (ABBV-428) that targeted human CD40 and mesothelin. ABBV-428 demonstrated enhanced activation of antigen-presenting cells and T cells upon binding to cell-surface mesothelin, and inhibition of cultured or implanted PC3 tumor cell growth after immune activation. Although expression of cell-surface mesothelin is necessary, the bispecific molecules induced immune-mediated antitumor activity against both mesothelin+ and mesothelin- tumor cells. ABBV-428 represents a class of bispecific molecules with conditional activity dependent on the binding of a tumor-specific antigen, and such activity could potentially maximize antitumor potency while limiting systemic toxicity in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Ye
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California.
| | - Diane Cohen
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Donghee Choi
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Siu Sze Tan
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Mien Sho
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Han Kim
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | | | - Marc Lake
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Yuni Fang
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Alan F Wahl
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | - Patricia Culp
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
| | | | - Debra T Chao
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, California
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10
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TRAIL, OPG, and TWEAK in kidney disease: biomarkers or therapeutic targets? Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1145-1166. [PMID: 31097613 PMCID: PMC6526163 DOI: 10.1042/cs20181116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ligands and receptors of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily regulate immune responses and homeostatic functions with potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Kidney disease represents a global public health problem, whose prevalence is rising worldwide, due to the aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and immune disorders. In addition, chronic kidney disease is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, which further increases kidney-related morbidity and mortality. Recently, it has been shown that some TNF superfamily members are actively implicated in renal pathophysiology. These members include TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), and TNF-like weaker inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). All of them have shown the ability to activate crucial pathways involved in kidney disease development and progression (e.g. canonical and non-canonical pathways of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B), as well as the ability to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis with double-edged effects depending on the type and stage of kidney injury. Here we will review the actions of TRAIL, OPG, and TWEAK on diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease, in order to provide insights into their full clinical potential as biomarkers and/or therapeutic options against kidney disease.
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