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Kararia N, Kararia V, Sharma D, Gupta S, Chaturvedi S, Chaturvedi Y. Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of two electronic apex locators in detecting simulated incomplete vertical root fractures: An in vitro stereomicroscopic study. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:540-544. [PMID: 38939546 PMCID: PMC11205178 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_132_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two different electronic apex locators (EALs) in detecting simulated incomplete vertical root fractures (VRFs). Materials and Methods Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 10 teeth each labeled as Groups A, B, and C. Incomplete VRFs were simulated in the coronal, middle, and apical one-third of the roots for Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The teeth were embedded in alginate mold and fracture location was determined with Root ZX and Propex EALs for each sample and each group. To calculate the actual length (AL), each sample was sectioned at the upper level of the vertical fracture, and the length was measured by setting the stopper of the #10 K file under a stereomicroscope at ×30 magnification. The electronic lengths and ALs were compared using computer software, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 at a 95% confidence level. Results No significant differences were seen in the accuracy of the two EALs when compared with ALs. Root ZX showed significantly longer measurements than ALs in groups B and C. Conclusion The tested EALs showed low accuracy (20%) in detecting simulated incomplete VRFs with a tendency for longer measurements compared to ALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kararia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vandana Kararia
- Department of Orthodontics, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Department of Periodontics, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Orthodontics, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Lima ITDF, Paula ALLDS, Palheta-Filho RDS, Santos AB, Freitas NDA, Candeiro GTDM. Ex vivo evaluation of the accuracy of four electronic foraminal locators. J Clin Exp Dent 2024; 16:e18-e24. [PMID: 38314341 PMCID: PMC10837806 DOI: 10.4317/jced.61003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the accuracy of four different Electronic Foraminal Locators (EFLs): Root ZX II (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan), Romiapex A15 (Romidan, Kiryat-Ono, Israel), FinePex (Schuster, Porto Alegre, Brazil), and VDW Gold (VDW, Munich, Germany), in determining root canal length. Material and Methods Twenty-seven human single-rooted teeth had their crowns sectioned at the cementoenamel junction, and the actual length of the tooth was obtained by visualizing with an operative microscope a #15 file placed adjacent to the apical foramen. The teeth were instrumented with R25 and R40 files, and at the end of each instrumentation, measurements of the lengths of the root canals were made with #25 and #40 files. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and chi-square tests and were considered significant when P<0.05. All devices showed a tendency to underestimate measurements by 0.25 mm diameter. Results The mean accuracy of the Root ZX II appliance was statistically lower than the other EFLs (P<0.001). For the 0.40 mm diameter, the mean accuracy of the Romiapex A15 appliance was statistically higher than the other LEFs (P<0.001). However, when the diameter was 0.40 mm, only the Romiapex A15 device tended to overmeasure. Regarding the acceptable limits of variation, it was observed that the devices showed similar efficiency in determining odontometry (P>0.05), both with diameters of 0.25 mm and 0.40 mm. Conclusions It was concluded that the devices presented similar and adequate efficacy when observing the limits of acceptable measurements. It was observed that increasing the apical diameter did not influence the accuracy of EFLs in determining root canal lengths. Key words:Endodontics, working length, electronic foraminal locators, endodontic treatment.
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Nam J, Piasecki L, Kwak D, Hong JH, Jung IY, Park SH, Cho SY. Variations in the morphology of apical constriction affecting electronic readings: An in vitro investigation using 3D-printed tooth models. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:245-252. [PMID: 36448774 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the interference of apical constriction position and diameter on the accuracy of electronic apex locators using 3D-printed tooth models. Single-rooted tooth models with the same length, canal taper and major foramen, but variation in apical constriction position or size, were designed and 3D-printed. A mounting model was custom-made for precise measurement of both marks (0.5 and APEX/0.0) of two electronic apex locators. The electronic measurements of both devices were correlated significantly to the major foramen rather than apical constriction. The mean measurements of the group with 0.45 mm in apical constriction width were significantly shorter than those of the other groups for both marks of the two devices (p < 0.05). The variations in apical constriction position and width negatively affected the precision of the 0.5 mark of the tested devices. The 0.0 or APEX mark was consistently located the major foramen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Nam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Kyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Lucila Piasecki
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Doun Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Kyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Hong
- Department of Policy Research Affairs, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Kyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Il-Young Jung
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sin-Yeon Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Kyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Karunakar P, Reddy MSR, Faizuddin U, Priya PS, Karteek BS, Saideep CV. Comparative evaluation of working length determined using integrated apex locator and root ZX mini under various irrigating solutions: An in vivo study. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2023; 26:590-594. [PMID: 38292354 PMCID: PMC10823966 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_68_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Electronic apex locators (EALs) are frequently used as adjuvant to radiographs in working length (WL) determination. The introduction of integrated apex locators (IALs) further simplified the root canal treatment by continuous monitoring of the apex while root canal shaping. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of radiographs, EAL, and IAL in determining the WL in the presence of various irrigants. Materials and Methods The present in vivo study was carried out on 30 patients who were divided into 10 in each group, based on the type of irrigant used; 0.9% saline (Group 1), 0.2% chlorhexidine (Group 2), and 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) (Group 3). In each group, WL is determined using conventional radiographs, Root ZX Mini (EAL), and CanalPro CL2i (IAL). Statistical Analysis Kruskal-Wallis test and Friedman's two-way ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis. Results Mean WL was comparably lower with Root ZX Mini, while the WL by CanalPro CL2i and the radiographic method were comparable. In all methods, the type of solutions used did not influence the WL, with a higher mean WL when NaOCL is used as an irrigant. Nevertheless, the above comparisons were not statistically significant. Conclusion the irrigation solutions employed in this study had no impact on the performance of apex locators and radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Karunakar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M. S. Ranga Reddy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Umrana Faizuddin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - P. Shanti Priya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Basa Srinivas Karteek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chada Venkata Saideep
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Influence of Open Apex on Working Length Determination Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Apex Locators: A Comparative In Vitro Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3811983. [PMID: 35915800 PMCID: PMC9338860 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3811983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the effect of open apex on working length (WL) determination with aid of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and electronic apex locators (EALs). Methods Thirty-two extracted human mandibular premolars were selected, and apical 5 mm was removed. Root canals were prepared from the apical to the coronal direction of the canal using peeso reamers up to size 5 (retrograde) to simulate open apex. The samples were analyzed by CBCT, and WL was established (CWL) by a radiologist. An endodontist prepared the access cavities, and visual working length (VWL) was recorded. The samples were embedded in a freshly mixed alginate mould up to cementoenamel junction. Each root canal length was measured with two different EALs—Root ZX mini and i Root. The measurements were repeated 3 times by using a digital caliper, and the mean was recorded by the endodontist who was blinded to the results of the CWL. The recorded data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS software. Results The results of this study showed statistically significant difference between VWL and i Root, CWL and i Root, and Root ZX mini and i Root (p < 0.05). Amongst EALs, a superior accuracy was noted for Root ZX mini than as compared to i Root. However, no statistically significant difference was seen between Root ZX mini and CWL (p > 0.05). Conclusion The present study showed that CWL is as accurate and reliable as VWL which is the gold standard. Amongst EALs, Root ZX mini performed more accurately than i Root. Preexisting CBCT scans should be used as an advantage in determining WL.
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Khan SA, Khanna R, Navit S, Jabeen S, Grover N, Pramanik S. Comparison of Radiovisiography, an Apex Locator and an Integrated Endomotor-inbuilt Apex Locator in Primary Teeth Endometrics. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:S18-S21. [PMID: 35645506 PMCID: PMC9108817 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective To compare the accuracy of radiovisiography (RVG), Root ZX mini Apex locator, and Endo radar's inbuilt Apex Locator during working length determination determination in primary teeth with the actual/direct canal length. Materials and methods 58 primary teeth indicated for extraction in children of age group 4-12 years were selected. RVG, Root ZX mini Apex Locator, and Endo radar's Apex Locator were used to determine the working length intraorally. Following extraction of the teeth, the actual working length was determined with magnifying loupes (2.5×) using a K-file and an endodontic ruler. The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results 84 canals (58 teeth) were evaluated and Root ZX mini Electronic Apex Locator (EAL) showed no statistically significant difference with the actual measurement (p = 0.18) whereas Endo radar and RVG showed statistically significant difference. Endo radar underestimated, while RVG overestimated the working length. The most accurate method for working length measurements of the root canals in primary teeth was Root ZX mini EAL, followed by Endo radar and the least accurate was RVG. Conclusion The Root ZX mini Apex Locator showed the most promising results and had an excellent degree of agreement with actual working length, followed by Endo radar and RVG. How to cite this article Khan SA, Khanna R, Navit S, et al. Comparison of Radiovisiography, an Apex Locator and an Integrated Endomotor-inbuilt Apex Locator in Primary Teeth Endometrics. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022;15(S-1):S18-S21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman Abbas Khan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rinee Khanna
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Rinee Khanna, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, Phone: +91 8081288228, e-mail:
| | - Saumya Navit
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Jabeen
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nishi Grover
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Pramanik
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
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Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration on Electronic Apex Locator Reliability. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030863. [PMID: 35160807 PMCID: PMC8836685 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This ex vivo study aimed to measure the performance of an electronic apex locator (EAL) in the presence of sodium hypochlorite irrigants with different concentrations. Two EALs (Root ZX Mini and Locapex 6) were used to locate the apical foramen in 10 extracted single-rooted teeth in the presence of 0.5%, 2.5% and 5% sodium hypochlorite. Visual working lengths were also determined using #10 K-file under a microscope before the electronic measurements were made. The performance of both EALs was compared for the electronic working lengths determined under the different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. A multiple-way ANOVA and PLSD Fisher’s test with an α risk fixed at 5% were conducted. There were no statistical differences in the working lengths determined by both EALs between the three groups with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and their visual control measurements. When a ± 0.5 mm margin was applied, the Root ZX Mini and the Locapex 6 presented 88% and 83% accuracy, respectively. Sodium hypochlorite concentration in irrigants does not affect the accuracy and reliability of either the Root ZX Mini or the Locapex 6. Electronic apex locators are reliable with any concentration of sodium hypochlorite irrigants.
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López-Maekawa A, García Rupay CR. Accuracy of Four Apex Locators in Premolars with Root Resorption: An In vitro Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2022; 17:20-26. [PMID: 36703871 PMCID: PMC9868988 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v17i1.35498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the present in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of the working length measurements of four foramen locators: Root ZX mini, Raypex 6, Woodpex III and Propex Pixi in uniradicular premolars with simulated root resorption. Materials and Methods For this study, 30 single-rooted permanent premolars were selected. The samples were divided into two groups: 15 teeth with simulated external root resorption and 15 teeth with internal resorption. Each sample was immersed in containers with alginate covering only the root part. Measurements were acquired from the four foramen locators and compared with the working length measurements that have been previously obtained with the direct visual technique and the use of a Digital USB Microscope under 5×. Next, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied. The ANOVA test and t-test for related samples were performed, in order to analyze the measurements obtained. Results In the teeth with external resorption, no statistically significant differences in the measurements were obtained with Raypex 6 and Propex Pixi foramen locators, but there were statistically significant differences with Root ZX mini and Woodpex III Root Zx mini [Root Zx mini (P=0.040) and Woodpex III (P=0.000)]. On the other hand, in the samples with internal root resorption, there were no statistically significant differences in measurements with the Root ZX mini, Propex Pixi and Raypex 6 foramen locators. However, there were significant differences with Woodpex III. Conclusions Based on this in vitro study, Raypex 6 had the highest accuracy in premolars with simulated external resorption and Root ZX mini was the most accurate in teeth with simulated internal resorption. Furthermore, external root resorption affects the accuracy of foramen locators more than internal resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid López-Maekawa
- Endodontics Specialist, Master Program in Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Carmen Rosa García Rupay
- Endodontics Specialist, Master of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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Cury MTS, Vasques AMV, Bueno CRE, Machado T, Trizzi JQ, Santana VDS, Dezan-Júnior E. Accuracy of Root ZXII, E-PEX and FIND apex locators in teeth with vital pulp: an in vivo study. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e080. [PMID: 34190773 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This research evaluated, in vivo, the accuracy of three electronic apex locators - EALs (Root ZXII, E-PEX and FIND) in teeth with vital pulp submitted to biopulpectomy, preserving the periodontal stump. For this study, 90 single-rooted teeth with extraction indication were selected. After positive pulpal cold sensitivity test, pulp chamber access was performed. The cervical and middle thirds of root canals were instrumented with Reciproc R25, and the K#15 file was used as a standard instrument to determine working length, forming 2 groups: Constriction (insertion of the instrument until the apical constriction limit) and Foramen (insertion of the instrument until the foramen and then repositioning at constriction, without removing the file from the canal). The hand file was stabilized with a light-cured flow resin. After extraction, the samples were analyzed through microCT SkyScan 1272, with CTAN software, which evaluated the proximity between the tip of the file to the apical constriction, providing data for comparative analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the abilities of the EALs to detect the apical constriction after reaching the foramen with Root ZX II showing higher accuracy (89%). However, there was no difference in the accuracy of the three EALs in detecting the apical constriction without reaching the foramen. Based on the present results, we conclude that EALs may show accurate measures in detecting apical constriction and foramen, even without damaging the periodontal stump in biopulpectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tolomei Sandoval Cury
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Unesp, Araçatuba. School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Veiga Vasques
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Unesp, Araçatuba. School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Machado
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Unesp, Araçatuba. School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Quintino Trizzi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Unesp, Araçatuba. School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor da Silva Santana
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Unesp, Araçatuba. School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloi Dezan-Júnior
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - Unesp, Araçatuba. School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Abdelsalam N, Hashem N. Impact of Apical Patency on Accuracy of Electronic Apex Locators: In Vitro Study. J Endod 2020; 46:509-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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El Hachem R, Wassef E, Mokbel N, Abboud R, Zogheib C, El Osta N, Naaman A. Influence of the Maxillary Sinus on the Accuracy of the Root ZX Apex Locator: An Ex Vivo Study. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010003. [PMID: 30609762 PMCID: PMC6473460 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the accuracy of the Root ZX (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) electronic apex locator in determining the working length when palatal maxillary molar roots are in a relationship with the sinus. Seventeen human maxillary molars with vital pulp were scheduled for an extraction and implant placement as part of a periodontal treatment plan. The access cavity was prepared, and a #10 K file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) was inserted into the palatal root using the Root ZX apex locator in order to determine the electronic working length (EWL); then, the teeth were extracted. To determine the real working length (RWL), a #10 K file was introduced into the root canal until its tip touched a glass plate. EWL and RWL were compared. Images reconstructed with CBCT (cone beam computerized tomography) revealed that eight palatal roots were related to the maxillary sinus, whereas nine were not. The results showed a significant difference between the EWL and the RWL of the palatal roots related to the sinus (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in measurements of roots not in contact with the sinus (p > 0.05). Within the study limitations, the reliability of Root ZX was influenced by the relationship of the roots with the maxillary sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roula El Hachem
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Elie Wassef
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Nadim Mokbel
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Richard Abboud
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Radiology, Saint Joseph University, B.P. 11-514 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saint Joseph University, B.P. 11-514 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Alfred Naaman
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
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Piasecki L, José dos Reis P, Jussiani EI, Andrello AC. A Micro–computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Accuracy of 3 Electronic Apex Locators in Curved Canals of Mandibular Molars. J Endod 2018; 44:1872-1877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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