1
|
Gialouris PLP, Koulis GA, Nastou ES, Dasenaki ME, Maragou NC, Thomaidis NS. Development and validation of a high-throughput headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology for target and suspect determination of honey volatiles. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21311. [PMID: 37954321 PMCID: PMC10632477 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of volatile compounds is essential for the chemical characterisation of honey's aroma and its correlation to its sensory profile and botanical origin. The present study describes the development, optimization and validation of a new, simple and reliable method for the determination of volatile compounds in honey using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The optimization of the SPME conditions showed that the ratio of honey: water (2:1) and the incubation temperature (60 °C) are the most critical parameters. Gas chromatography was performed with medium polar Varian CP-Select 624 column and the experimental Retention Index for a number of compounds was determined as an additional identification feature for suspect analysis. The simultaneous use of four internal standards chlorobenzene, benzophenone, 2-pentanol and 4-methyl-2-pentanone and matrix matched calibration enhanced method accuracy achieving recoveries 73-114 % and repeatability ranging between 3.9 and 19 % relative standard deviations. Furthermore, the superiority of the HS-SPME to static head space technique was verified exhibiting four-to nine-fold higher sensitivity. Target and suspect screening were applied to 30 Greek honey samples and 53 volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes, such as alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and esters were identified with quantified concentrations ranging between 3.1 μg kg-1 (Limonene) up to 20 mg kg-1 (Benzeneacetaldehyde). Among the new findings is the detection of Myrtenol in Greek pine honey and 2,3-butanediol in Greek oak honey. The developed analytical protocol can be a valuable tool in order to chemically characterize honey based on the volatile content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis-Loukas P. Gialouris
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Koulis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni S. Nastou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilena E. Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki C. Maragou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ponphaiboon J, Krongrawa W, Aung WW, Chinatangkul N, Limmatvapirat S, Limmatvapirat C. Advances in Natural Product Extraction Techniques, Electrospun Fiber Fabrication, and the Integration of Experimental Design: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5163. [PMID: 37446825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review explores the growing interest in the techniques employed for extracting natural products. It emphasizes the limitations of conventional extraction methods and introduces superior non-conventional alternatives, particularly ultrasound-assisted extraction. Characterization and quantification of bioactive constituents through chromatography coupled with spectroscopy are recommended, while the importance of method development and validation for biomarker quantification is underscored. At present, electrospun fibers provide a versatile platform for incorporating bioactive extracts and have extensive potential in diverse fields due to their unique structural and functional characteristics. Thus, the review also highlights the fabrication of electrospun fibers containing bioactive extracts. The preparation of biologically active extracts under optimal conditions, including the selection of safe solvents and cost-effective equipment, holds promising potential in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Integration of experimental design into extraction procedures and formulation development is essential for the efficient production of health products. The review explores potential applications of encapsulating natural product extracts in electrospun fibers, such as wound healing, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant properties, while acknowledging the need for further exploration and optimization in this field. The findings discussed in this review are anticipated to serve as a valuable resource for the processing industry, enabling the utilization of affordable and environmentally friendly, natural, and raw materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juthaporn Ponphaiboon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wantanwa Krongrawa
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Wah Wah Aung
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Nawinda Chinatangkul
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Siam University, Bangkok 10160, Thailand
| | - Sontaya Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Chutima Limmatvapirat
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tedesco R, Scalabrin E, Malagnini V, Strojnik L, Ogrinc N, Capodaglio G. Characterization of Botanical Origin of Italian Honey by Carbohydrate Composition and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Foods 2022; 11:2441. [PMID: 36010441 PMCID: PMC9407073 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural sweetener constituted by numerous macro- and micronutrients. Carbohydrates are the most representative, with glucose and fructose being the most abundant. Minor honey components like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), minerals, vitamins, amino acids are able to confer honey-specific properties and are useful to characterize and differentiate between honey varieties according to the botanical origin. The present work describes the chemical characterization of honeys of different botanical origin (multifloral, acacia, apple-dandelion, rhododendron, honeydew, and chestnut) produced and collected by beekeepers in the Trentino Alto-Adige region (Italy). Melissopalynological analysis was conducted to verify the botanical origin of samples and determine the frequency of different pollen families. The carbohydrate composition (fourteen sugars) and the profile of VOCs were evaluated permitting to investigate the relationship between pollen composition and the chemical profile of honey. Statistical analysis, particularly partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), demonstrates the importance of classifying honey botanical origin on the basis of effective pollen composition, which directly influences honey's biochemistry, in order to correctly define properties and value of honeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaello Tedesco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy
- Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E.Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Scalabrin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy
- National Research Council, Polar Science Institute, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Valeria Malagnini
- Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E.Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriele Capodaglio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice Mestre, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Drabińska N, Jeleń H. Optimisation of headspace solid-phase microextraction with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC×GC–ToFMS) for quantitative analysis of volatile compounds in vegetable oils using statistical experimental design. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Valdés García A, Domingo Martínez MI, Ponce Landete M, Prats Moya MS, Beltrán Sanahuja A. Potential of Industrial Pineapple ( Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill) By-Products as Aromatic and Antioxidant Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1767. [PMID: 34829638 PMCID: PMC8615117 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pineapple is meanly commercially processed. However, it is a fruit that generates a high proportion of nonedible wastes, which are rich in antioxidant compounds and have a varied aromatic profile. These characteristics turn these by-products into potential agri-food waste that can be revalued and applied in different fields such as medical, pharmaceutical, or food applications. The aim of the present work was the characterization and extraction of the volatile compounds present in two pineapple by-products (peel and core) and the subsequent evaluation of their antioxidant capacity. For this purpose, the analysis of the aromatic profile of both by-products has been carried out using the headspace solid-phase microextraction technique coupled to gas chromatography with a mass spectrometry detector (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The optimization of the extraction conditions of the volatile compounds has been validated using a Box-Behnken experimental design. In addition, a quantitative analysis was carried out to determine the contents of two important volatiles in pineapple wastes, isopentyl, and ethyl acetate. Moreover, the estimation of the antioxidant capacity of the subproducts extracts was carried out using different methods All the antioxidant assays demonstrated that pineapple subproducts are rich in easily extractable antioxidants with possible applications in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Beltrán Sanahuja
- Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science Department, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (A.V.G.); (M.I.D.M.); (M.P.L.); (M.S.P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Optimization of Volatile Compounds Extraction from Industrial Celery ( Apium graveolens) By-Products by Using Response Surface Methodology and Study of Their Potential as Antioxidant Sources. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112664. [PMID: 34828944 PMCID: PMC8620065 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potential of industrial celery by-products (the stalk and root) serving as sources of aromatics and antioxidants was investigated. A headspace solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC–MS) procedure was optimized to isolate volatile compounds from celery by-products. A Box–Behnken experimental design was proposed to optimize the procedure through a response surface methodology. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be 1.6 g of homogenized fresh by-product at 30 °C for 60 min. Under these conditions, 26 volatile compounds in stalk and root samples were identified, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes being the main components. The content of limonene and γ-terpinene found in the stalk was significantly higher in comparison with root samples. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (ABTS and FRAP) results underlined the celery wastes studied as good sources of free radical scavengers. This work suggests the potential application of these by-products in the food industry and opens new pathways to valorize celery residues, contributing to the circular economy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Unifloral Autumn Heather Honey from Indigenous Greek Erica manipuliflora Salisb.: SPME/GC-MS Characterization of the Volatile Fraction and Optimization of the Isolation Parameters. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102487. [PMID: 34681536 PMCID: PMC8535634 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For long heather honey has been a special variety due to its unique organoleptic characteristics. This study aimed to characterize and optimize the isolation of the dominant volatile fraction of Greek autumn heather honey using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The described approach pointed out 13 main volatile components more closely related to honey botanical origin, in terms of occurrence and relative abundance. These volatiles include phenolic compounds and norisoprenoids, with benzaldehyde, safranal and p-anisaldehyde present in higher amounts, while ethyl 4-methoxybenzoate is reported for the first time in honey. Then, an experimental design was developed based on five numeric factors and one categorical factor and evaluated the optimum conditions (temperature: 60 °C, equilibration time: 30 min extraction time: 15 min magnetic stirrer velocity: 100 rpm sample volume: 6 mL water: honey ratio: 1:3 (v/w)). Additionally, a validation test set reinforces the above methodology investigation. Honey is very complex and variable with respect to its volatile components given the high diversity of the floral source. As a result, customizing the isolation parameters for each honey is a good approach for streamlining the isolation volatile compounds. This study could provide a good basis for future recognition of monofloral autumn heather honey.
Collapse
|
8
|
Capitain C, Weller P. Non-Targeted Screening Approaches for Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectroscopy (GC-IMS) and Machine Learning. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185457. [PMID: 34576928 PMCID: PMC8468721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its high sensitivity and resolving power, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) is a powerful technique for the separation and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds. It is a robust and easy-to-handle technique, which has recently gained attention for non-targeted screening (NTS) approaches. In this article, the general working principles of GC-IMS are presented. Next, the workflow for NTS using GC-IMS is described, including data acquisition, data processing and model building, model interpretation and complementary data analysis. A detailed overview of recent studies for NTS using GC-IMS is included, including several examples which have demonstrated GC-IMS to be an effective technique for various classification and quantification tasks. Lastly, a comparison of targeted and non-targeted strategies using GC-IMS are provided, highlighting the potential of GC-IMS in combination with NTS.
Collapse
|
9
|
Xagoraris M, Skouria A, Revelou PK, Alissandrakis E, Tarantilis PA, Pappas CS. Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Isolation of Dominant Volatile Compounds from Monofloral Greek Thyme Honey Using SPME-GC-MS. Molecules 2021; 26:3612. [PMID: 34204728 PMCID: PMC8231491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at an experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) in the optimization of the dominant volatile fraction of Greek thyme honey using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For this purpose, a multiple response optimization was employed using desirability functions, which demand a search for optimal conditions for a set of responses simultaneously. A test set of eighty thyme honey samples were analyzed under the optimum conditions for validation of the proposed model. The optimized combination of isolation conditions was the temperature (60 °C), equilibration time (15 min), extraction time (30 min), magnetic stirrer speed (700 rpm), sample volume (6 mL), water: honey ratio (1:3 v/w) with total desirability over 0.50. It was found that the magnetic stirrer speed, which has not been evaluated before, had a positive effect, especially in combination with other factors. The above-developed methodology proved to be effective in the optimization of isolation of specific volatile compounds from a difficult matrix, like honey. This study could be a good basis for the development of novel RSM for other monofloral honey samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Xagoraris
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.X.); (A.S.); (P.-K.R.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Alexandra Skouria
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.X.); (A.S.); (P.-K.R.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.X.); (A.S.); (P.-K.R.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Eleftherios Alissandrakis
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Landscape and Environment, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos, PC 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Petros A. Tarantilis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.X.); (A.S.); (P.-K.R.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Christos S. Pappas
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.X.); (A.S.); (P.-K.R.); (P.A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carbonized Aramid Fiber as the Adsorbent for In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction to Detect Estrogens in Water Samples. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9970518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonized aramid fiber was prepared as a new type of adsorbent for in-tube solid-phase microextraction. The surface structure, chemical composition, and graphitization degree of the resulted fiber was determined and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectrometry. The prepared fiber was packed in a stainless-steel tube instead of the sample loop of a six-port and tested for the extraction of five environmental estrogen hormones coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. Several parameters affecting the estrogens’ extraction including the sampling volume, sampling rate, NaCl content, and desorption time were investigated in detail. The extraction tube with carbonized aramid fiber exhibited remarkable extraction performance towards five estrogen targets. The analysis method was established, and it exhibited a wide linear range (0.5–10.0 μg/L) with good linearity (correlation coefficient ≥0.9906), low limits of detection (0.011–0.13 μg/L), and high enrichment factors (178–1335) for the five analytes. Relative standard deviations (n = 3) for intraday (≤4.8%) and interday (≤4.0%) tests indicated that the extraction material had satisfactory repeatability. Bisphenol A released from a polycarbonate (PC) bottle was quantitatively detected with a concentration of 8.3 μg/L. The relative recoveries spiked at 5 and 10 μg/L were investigated, and the results were in the range of 74.3–121% for real water samples.
Collapse
|
11
|
Quantification of Volatile Compounds in Wines by HS-SPME-GC/MS: Critical Issues and Use of Multivariate Statistics in Method Optimization. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore and discuss the two main aspects related to a HeadSpace Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) quantitative analysis of volatile compounds in wines, both being fundamental to obtain reliable data. In the first section, recent advances in the use of multivariate optimization approaches during the method development step are described with a special focus on factorial designs and response surface methodologies. In the second section, critical aspects related to quantification methods are discussed. Indeed, matrix effects induced by the complexity of the volatile profile and of the non-volatile matrix of wines, potentially differing between diverse wines in a remarkable extent, often require severe assumptions if a reliable quantification is desired. Several approaches offering different levels of data reliability including internal standards, model wine calibration, a stable isotope dilution analysis, matrix-matched calibration and standard addition methods are reported in the literature and are discussed in depth here.
Collapse
|
12
|
Strojnik L, Camin F, Ogrinc N. Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of volatile organic compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction. Talanta 2020; 219:121264. [PMID: 32887155 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural flavouring materials are in high demand, and a premium price is paid for all-natural flavourings, making them vulnerable to fraud. At present, compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is perhaps the most sophisticated tool for determining flavour authenticity. Despite promising results, the method is not widely used, and the results are limited to the most common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This paper describes a robust protocol for on-line measurements of δ13C and δ2H using HS-SPME coupled with GC-C-IRMS and GC-HTC-IRMS for common fruit VOCs. To achieve reproducible and accurate results, a combination of a peak size/linearity correction with drift correction were used. Finally, the results were normalised by multiple point linear regression using the known and measured values of reference materials. Special care was taken to avoid irreproducible isotopic fractionation and the effects of equilibration, adsorption, desorption times and temperatures on δ13C or δ2H values were examined. Method validation was performed, and the average combined measurement uncertainty (MU) was 0.42‰. All the δ13CVPDB values were below ±3*MU, regardless of analytical conditions. In contrast, for δ2HVSMOW-SLAP values, only low temperature (30 °C) with equilibration time (15 min) and shorter adsorption time (between 10 and 20 min) can produce an isotopic difference of <10‰. Therefore, method optimisation can minimise MU, and data normalisation and method validation are essential for obtaining meaningful data for use in flavour authenticity studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Strojnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige (TN), Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Optimization by experimental design of headspace sorptive extraction and solid-phase microextraction for the determination of terpenes in spices. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
14
|
Mădaş MN, Mărghitaş LA, Dezmirean DS, Bobiş O, Abbas O, Danthine S, Francis F, Haubruge E, Nguyen BK. Labeling Regulations and Quality Control of Honey Origin: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1636063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Niculina Mădaş
- Departement of Apiculture and Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Liviu Alexandru Mărghitaş
- Departement of Apiculture and Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Severus Dezmirean
- Departement of Apiculture and Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Otilia Bobiş
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ouissam Abbas
- Food and Feed Quality Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sabine Danthine
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Department of Food Science, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Eric Haubruge
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bach Kim Nguyen
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
ElMasry G, Morsy N, Al‐Rejaie S, Ayed C, Linforth R, Fisk I. Real‐time quality authentication of honey using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (
APCI
‐
MS
). Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamal ElMasry
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Agriculture Suez Canal University Ring Road Km 4.5, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia Egypt
- Division of Food Sciences School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham Sutton Bonington UK
| | - Noha Morsy
- Faculty of Agriculture Suez Canal University Ring Road Km 4.5, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia Egypt
| | - Salim Al‐Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyKing Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Charfedinne Ayed
- Division of Food Sciences School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham Sutton Bonington UK
| | - Robert Linforth
- Division of Food Sciences School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham Sutton Bonington UK
| | - Ian Fisk
- Division of Food Sciences School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham Sutton Bonington UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gradual Optimization of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Conditions of Volatiles in Pepper Chicken Soup Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Principal Component Analysis. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:8963191. [PMID: 31057622 PMCID: PMC6463611 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8963191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-factor gradual optimization method was developed in this experiment in order to improve the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) effect of volatile compounds in pepper chicken soup. The different extraction conditions included fibers with different coating materials, sample volume, extraction temperature, and extraction time. The total peak areas and the numbers of valid peaks were compared and analyzed as the indicators of condition optimization. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed that the four factors all have significant impact on the extraction effect of volatiles in pepper chicken soup. Using the principal component analysis (PCA), the optimal conditions of HS-SPME were inferred below: an extraction fiber of 50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS, a sample volume of 7 g, an extraction temperature of 65°C, and an extraction time of 30 min. Compared to the original extraction conditions, the optimized conditions were especially advantageous for the comprehensive analysis of volatiles, which could be potentially used in further study of soup.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gerhardt N, Birkenmeier M, Schwolow S, Rohn S, Weller P. Volatile-Compound Fingerprinting by Headspace-Gas-Chromatography Ion-Mobility Spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) as a Benchtop Alternative to 1H NMR Profiling for Assessment of the Authenticity of Honey. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1777-1785. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gerhardt
- Institute
for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Birkenmeier
- Institute
for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwolow
- Institute
for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg
School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Weller
- Institute
for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalysis, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|