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Dimitriadis K, Damianaki A, Bletsa E, Pyrpyris N, Tsioufis P, Theofilis P, Beneki E, Tatakis F, Kasiakogias A, Oikonomou E, Petras D, Siasos G, Aggeli K, Tsioufis K. Renal Congestion in Heart Failure: Insights in Novel Diagnostic Modalities. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00224. [PMID: 38427026 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure is increasingly prevalent and is estimated to increase its burden in the following years. A well-reported comorbidity of heart failure is renal dysfunction, where predominantly changes in the patient's volume status, tubular necrosis or other mechanical and neurohormonal mechanisms seem to drive this impairment. Currently, there are established biomarkers evaluating the patient's clinical status solely regarding the cardiovascular or renal system. However, as the coexistence of heart and renal failure is common and related to increased mortality and hospitalization for heart failure, it is of major importance to establish novel diagnostic techniques, which could identify patients with or at risk for cardiorenal syndrome and assist in selecting the appropriate management for these patients. Such techniques include biomarkers and imaging. In regards to biomarkers, several peptides and miRNAs indicative of renal or tubular dysfunction seem to properly identify patients with cardiorenal syndrome early on in the course of the disease, while changes in their serum levels can also be helpful in identifying response to diuretic treatment. Current and novel imaging techniques can also identify heart failure patients with early renal insufficiency and assess the volume status and the effect of treatment of each patient. Furthermore, by assessing the renal morphology, these techniques could also help identify those at risk of kidney impairment. This review aims to present all relevant clinical and trial data available in order to provide an up-to-date summary of the modalities available to properly assess cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- From the First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evanthia Bletsa
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pyrpyris
- From the First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- From the First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- From the First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Beneki
- From the First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotis Tatakis
- From the First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kasiakogias
- From the First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Sotiria Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Aggeli
- From the First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- From the First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Abdel-Aziz HM, Ibrahem NE, Mekawy NH, Fawzy A, Mohamad NM, Samy W. Nicorandil and Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapeutic Effect after Ureteral Obstruction in Adult Male Albino Rats. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:124-138. [PMID: 35319402 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220322113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem for which renal fibrogenesis is the final treatment target. OBJECTIVE In our work, we have highlighted two new strategies, nicorandil and Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), as effective in reversing renal fibrosis induced by partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO). METHODS The current study included 96 male albino rats randomly divided into four groups, with 24 rats per group; Group I, the control group; Group II, PUUO, where two-thirds of the left ureter was entrenched in the psoas muscle; Group III, same surgical procedure as in Group II for 7 days, and then the rats received 15 mg/kg/day nicorandil once daily for 21 days; and Group IV, same surgical procedure as in Group II for 7 days, and then rats were given 3 × 106 of labeled MSCs injected intravenous, and left for 21 days. Blood and kidney tissues were collected for biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. RESULTS Both the nicorandil and BM-MSCs treatment groups could ameliorate kidney damage evidenced by inhibition of MDA elevation and total antioxidant capacity reduction caused by PUUO. Also, there was a significant reduction observed in TNF, TGF, IL6, collagen I, and α-SMA in addition to improvement in histological examination. However, a significant difference was found between the BM-MSCs and nicorandil-treated groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BM-MSCs and nicorandil improved renal fibrosis progression through their antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects in male albino rats subjected to PUUO, with BM-MSCs being more effective compared to nicorandil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla E Ibrahem
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noura H Mekawy
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Fawzy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noura Mostafa Mohamad
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Shi S, Zhang B, Li Y, Xu X, Lv J, Jia Q, Chai R, Xue W, Li Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Song Q, Hu Y. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: An Emerging Link in the Pathophysiology of Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:837270. [PMID: 35282359 PMCID: PMC8914047 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.837270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the heart and kidney is carried out through various bidirectional pathways. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological condition in which acute or chronic dysfunction in the heart or kidneys induces acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. Complex hemodynamic factors and biochemical and hormonal pathways contribute to the development of CRS. In addition to playing a critical role in generating metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells and serving as signaling hubs during several vital processes, mitochondria rapidly sense and respond to a wide range of stress stimuli in the external environment. Impaired adaptive responses ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing cell death and tissue damage. Subsequently, these changes result in organ failure and trigger a vicious cycle. In vitro and animal studies have identified an important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis may be a promising therapeutic strategy to interrupt the vicious cycle between HF and acute kidney injury (AKI)/CKD. In this review, we hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a central role in the development and progression of CRS. We first focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HF and AKI/CKD, then discuss the current research evidence supporting that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in various types of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Lv
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiulei Jia
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoning Chai
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huaqin Wu
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qingqiao Song
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yuanhui Hu
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Terashita M, Taki Y, Sumi H, Sugaya T, Koike J, Ikemori A, Shibagaki Y, Tominaga N. Albuminuria and Renal Pathology in Right Heart Failure: Congestive Kidney? Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:656-657. [PMID: 35257080 PMCID: PMC8897300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Rahdar A, Hasanein P, Bilal M, Beyzaei H, Kyzas GZ. Quercetin-loaded F127 nanomicelles: Antioxidant activity and protection against renal injury induced by gentamicin in rats. Life Sci 2021; 276:119420. [PMID: 33785340 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (Q) is formulated into oil-in-water F127 microemulsions to improve its bioavailability. The size of the Q-loaded microemulsions system was about 8 nm by dynamic light scattering analysis. To compare antioxidant activity of bulk solution and microemulsion of Q, free radical scavenging activity was evaluated against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The IC50 values were 56.77 and 187.68 μM, respectively. The drug in the bulk form released 16.34 times faster than microemulsion form. Although gentamicin (GM) has potent efficacy against gram-negative bacteria, it induces renal toxicity. Poor solubility and low bioavailability of Q as a bioflavonoid with potent antioxidant activity, limit its therapeutic application. We aimed to compare the effect of free Q and nanoencapsulated (NEQ) against GM-induced renal damage in Wistar rats. Forty-two animals were divided into six groups. Control and GM groups received apo-nanomicelles and GM (100 mg/kg) for 10 days. Two groups received Q (50 mg/kg, i.g.) and NEQ (50 mg/kg, i.g.) respectively for 10 days. Remaining two groups received Q and NEQ (50 mg/kg, i.g.) plus GM (100 mg/kg, i.p.) simultaneously for 10 days. After the experiments, serum and kidneys were used for biochemical, molecular and histological examinations. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to explore kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression as a specific protein biomarker of renal injury. Our findings indicated oxidative stress and altered histological features in renal tissue with deviated serum renal biomarkers in GM-treated rats. Although Q treatment in GM group tried to protect against GM-induced nephrotoxicity, but there were still differences compared to control rats. However, NEQ administration corrected elevations in the levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid and decrements in serum total proteins of GM group. Meanwhile, NEQ restored renal oxidative injury in GM rats through attenuation of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of antioxidant defense systems, glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase. NEQ could also normalize GM-induced abnormal renal histology features including fibrosis. Furthermore, the result of immunohistochemistry study confirmed these findings by undetecting KIM-1 expression in NEQ treated GM group, meanwhile showing this renal biomarker in GM and Q treated GM groups. Therefore, NEQ seems to be useful in protecting against renal oxidative stress and kidney damage in a rat model of GM nephrotoxicity which deserve further evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Parisa Hasanein
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Hamid Beyzaei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece.
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Dehe L, Shaqura M, Nordine M, Habazettl H, von Kwiatkowski P, Schluchter H, Shakibaei M, Mousa SA, Schäfer M, Treskatsch S. Chronic Naltrexone Therapy Is Associated with Improved Cardiac Function in Volume Overloaded Rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:733-743. [PMID: 33484395 PMCID: PMC8266787 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial opioid receptors were demonstrated in animals and humans and seem to colocalize with membranous and sarcolemmal calcium channels of the excitation-contraction coupling in the left ventricle (LV). Therefore, this study investigated whether blockade of the cardiac opioid system by naltrexone would affect cardiac function and neurohumoral parameters in Wistar rats with volume overload-induced heart failure. METHODS Volume overload in Wistar rats was induced by an aortocaval fistula (ACF). Left ventricular cardiac opioid receptors were identified by immunohistochemistry and their messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) as well as their endogenous ligand mRNA quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Following continuous delivery of either the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone or vehicle via minipumps (n = 5 rats each), hemodynamic and humoral parameters were assessed 28 days after ACF induction. Sham-operated animals served as controls. RESULTS In ACF rats mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors colocalized with voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels in left ventricular cardiomyocytes. Chronic naltrexone treatment of ACF rats reduced central venous pressure (CVP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and improved systolic and diastolic left ventricular functions. Concomitantly, rat brain natriuretic peptide (rBNP-45) and angiotensin-2 plasma concentrations which were elevated during ACF were significantly diminished following naltrexone treatment. In parallel, chronic naltrexone significantly reduced mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptor mRNA, while it increased the endogenous opioid peptide mRNA compared to controls. CONCLUSION Opioid receptor blockade by naltrexone leads to improved LV function and decreases in rBNP-45 and angiotensin-2 plasma levels. In parallel, naltrexone resulted in opioid receptor mRNA downregulation and an elevated intrinsic tone of endogenous opioid peptides possibly reflecting a potentially cardiodepressant effect of the cardiac opioid system during volume overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Dehe
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammed Shaqura
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Nordine
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Habazettl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology Campus Charité Mitte, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra von Kwiatkowski
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Schluchter
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Pettenkoferstraße 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Shaaban A Mousa
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Treskatsch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
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Adaptive Autophagy Offers Cardiorenal Protection in Rats with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:7158975. [PMID: 32655948 PMCID: PMC7322605 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7158975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Understanding the multifactorial changes involved in the kidney and heart after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is prerequisite for further mechanisms and early intervention, especially autophagy changes. Here, we discussed the role of adaptive autophagy in the heart and kidney of rats with AMI. Methods A rat model of AMI was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. Animals were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after the operation to assess the morphological and functional changes of the heart and kidney, as well as the autophagy pathway. In vitro, HK-2 and AC16 cell injuries and the autophagy pathway were assayed after autophagy was inhibited by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) in a hypoxia incubator. Results We found that the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) significantly decreased in the model group at weeks 2 and 4. At weeks 2 and 4, the level of urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (uKIM1) of the model group was significantly higher than the sham group. At week 4, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalcin (uNGAL) and urinary albumin also significantly increased. At week 2, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), ATG5, and Beclin1 were significantly elevated in the heart and kidney compared with the sham-operated rats, but there was no change in p62 levels. At week 4, LC3-II did not significantly increase and p62 levels significantly increased. In addition, 3-MA markedly increased KIM1, NGAL, and the activity of caspase-3 in the hypoxic HK-2 and AC16 cell. Conclusion Autophagy will undergo adaptive changes and play a protective role in the heart and kidney of rats after AMI.
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Ellagic acid ameliorates cisplatin toxicity in chemically induced colon carcinogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:205-215. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Genipin alleviates vascular hyperpermeability following hemorrhagic shock by up-regulation of SIRT3/autophagy. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:52. [PMID: 29760950 PMCID: PMC5943516 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genipin (GP) is commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases; however, the protective action of GP against vascular hyperpermeability (VH) has not been reported. We previously reported that intrinsic apoptotic signaling (IAS) is involved in VH following hemorrhagic shock (HS). GP inhibits apoptosis, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that GP protects against HS-induced VH in vitro and in vivo. We report that this protective effect is related to the inhibition of IAS by up-regulation of autophagy via sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). The endothelial cell hyperpermeability induced by HS was enhanced by GP; this was attenuated by 3-methyladenine (3MA), a specific inhibitor of autophagy, indicating the involvement of autophagy. Consistent with these results, we found that 3MA reversed the effects of GP on up-regulation of autophagy, and also diminished the protective effect of GP against IAS activation following HS. Furthermore, knockout of SIRT3 inhibited GP-induced autophagy, indicating the requirement of SIRT3 in the regulation of autophagy by GP. In rats, GP improved HS-induced VH, which was repressed by 3MA and 3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (3-TYP), a SIRT3 inhibitor. In conclusion, these findings suggest that autophagy plays a protective effect in VH following HS; the protective effect of autophagy is reinforced by GP, which protects against IAS and VH by up-regulating SIRT3.
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Güven Bağla A, Içkin Gülen M, Ercan F, Aşgün F, Ercan E, Bakar C. Changes in kidney tissue and effects of erythropoietin after acute heart failure. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:340-353. [PMID: 29671622 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1443347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of cardiac function causes renal damage. Renal failure after heart failure is attributed to hemodynamic derangement including reduced renal perfusion and increased venous pressure. One mechanism involves apoptosis and is defined as cardiorenal syndrome type 1. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine that induces erythropoiesis under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) plays a regulatory role in cellular response to hypoxia. Protective effects of EPO on heart, kidney and nervous system are unrelated to red blood cell production. We investigated early changes in and effects of EPO on renal tissues of rats with myocardial infarction by morphology and immunohistochemistry. Coronary artery ligation was used to induce myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. Group 1 comprised sham operated rats; groups 2, 3 and 4 included rats after coronary artery ligation that were sacrificed 6 h after ligation and that were treated with saline, 5,000 U/kg EPO or 10,000 U/kg EPO, respectively; group 5 included rats sacrificed 1 h after ligation. Group 2 showed increased renal tubule damage. Significantly less tubule damage was observed in EPO treated groups. EPO and EPO receptor (EPO-R) immunostaining intensities increased slightly for group 5 and became more intense for group 2. EPO and EPO-R immunostaining was observed in the interstitial area, glomerular cells and tubule epithelial cells of EPO treated groups. HIF-1α immunostaining was observed in collecting tubules in the medulla only in group 2. Caspase-3 immunostaining is an indicator of apoptosis. Caspase-3 staining intensity decreased in renal medulla of EPO treated groups. EPO treatment may exert a protective effect on the renal tissues of patients with cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Güven Bağla
- a Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Çanakkale
| | - M Içkin Gülen
- a Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Çanakkale
| | - F Ercan
- b Marmara University , School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology , Istanbul
| | - F Aşgün
- c Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Çanakkale
| | - E Ercan
- d Department of Cardiology , Medical Park Hospital , Izmir
| | - C Bakar
- e Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , School of Medicine, Department of Public Health , Çanakkale , Turkey
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