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Schoenmakers DH, van den Berg S, Timmers L, Adang LA, Bäumer T, Bosch A, van de Casteele M, Datema MR, Dekker H, Donnelly C, Driessens MHE, Graessner H, Greger V, Haddad T, Höglinger GU, van den Hout H, Jonker C, Langeveld M, Lambert LJ, Neacy E, Nieuwland M, Klockgether T, van der Knaap MS, Papadopoulou A, Plueschke K, van Rijn S, Rosenberg N, Saunier-Vivar EF, Dos Santos Vieira B, Hollak CEM, Goettsch WG, Wolf NI. Framework for Multistakeholder Patient Registries in the Field of Rare Diseases: Focus on Neurogenetic Diseases. Neurology 2024; 103:e209743. [PMID: 39173102 PMCID: PMC11379353 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Progress in genetic diagnosis and orphan drug legislation has opened doors to new therapies in rare neurogenetic diseases (RNDs). Innovative therapies such as gene therapy can improve patients' quality of life but come with academic, regulatory, and financial challenges. Registries can play a pivotal role in generating evidence to tackle these, but their development requires multidisciplinary knowledge and expertise. This study aims to develop a practical framework for creating and implementing patient registries addressing common challenges and maximizing their impact on care, research, drug development, and regulatory decision making with a focus on RNDs. A comprehensive 3-step literature and qualitative research approach was used to develop the framework. A qualitative systematic literature review was conducted, extracting guidance and practices leading to the draft framework. Subsequently, we interviewed representatives of 5 established international RND registries to add learnings from hands-on experiences to the framework. Expert input on the draft framework was sought in digital multistakeholder focus groups to refine the framework. The literature search; interviews with 5 registries; and focus groups with patient representatives (n = 4), clinicians (n = 6), regulators, health technology assessment (HTA) bodies and payers (n = 7), industry representatives (n = 7), and data/information technology (IT) specialists (n = 5) informed development of the framework. It covers the interests of different stakeholders, purposes for data utilization, data aspects, IT infrastructure, governance, and financing of rare disease registries. Key principles include that data should be rapidly accessible, independent, and trustworthy. Governance should involve multiple stakeholders. In addition, data should be highly descriptive, machine-readable, and accessible through a shared infrastructure and not spread over multiple isolated repositories. Sustainable and independent financing of registries is deemed important but remains challenging because of a lack of widely supported funding models. The proposed framework will guide stakeholders in establishing or improving rare disease registries that fulfill requirements of academics and patients as well as regulators, HTA bodies, and commercial parties. There is a need for more clarity regarding quality requirements for registries in regulatory and HTA context. In addition, independent financing models for registries should be developed, as well as well-defined policies on technical uniformity in health data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne H Schoenmakers
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Sibren van den Berg
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Timmers
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Laura A Adang
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Bäumer
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Annet Bosch
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van de Casteele
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mareen R Datema
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Hanka Dekker
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Conan Donnelly
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte H E Driessens
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Holm Graessner
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Valerie Greger
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Tala Haddad
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Hannerieke van den Hout
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Jonker
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Langeveld
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Laurie J Lambert
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Eileen Neacy
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Nieuwland
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Andri Papadopoulou
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly Plueschke
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne van Rijn
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Noa Rosenberg
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Elise F Saunier-Vivar
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Bruna Dos Santos Vieira
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Carla E M Hollak
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Wim G Goettsch
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- From the Department of Child Neurology (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Emma's Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit; Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center (D.H.S., M.S.v.d.K., N.I.W.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms; Medicine for Society (D.H.S., S.v.d.B., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Platform at Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.v.d.B., A.B., M.R.D., N.R., C.E.M.H.), Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam; National Health Care Institute (Zorginstituut Nederland) (L.T.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Division of Child Neurology (L.A.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Institute of Systems Motor Science (T.B.), CBBM, Universität of Lübeck; Centre of Rare Diseases (T.B.), University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases (A.B.), Department of Pediatrics, Emma Childrens' Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; National Health Care Institute RIZIV-INAMI (M.v.d.C.), Brussels, Belgium; VKS (H.D.), Dutch Patient Organization for Metabolic Diseases, Zwolle; United for Metabolic Diseases (UMD) (H.D.), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry (C.D.), Washington, Tyne & Wear, United Kingdom; VSOP-Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases (M.H.E.D.), Soest, the Netherlands; Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (H.G.), University of Tübingen; Centre for Rare Disease (H.G.), University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Yaya foundation for 4H Leukodystrophy (V.G.), Minneapolis, MN; Orphanet (T.H.), INSERM US14 Rare Disease Platform, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (G.U.H.), LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases e.V. (DZNE) (G.U.H., T.K.), Munich; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (G.U.H.), Germany; Department of Pediatrics (H.v.d.H.), Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam; European Medicines Agency (C.J., K.P.), Amsterdam; Medicines Evaluation Board (C.J.), Utrecht; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (M.L.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Health Technology Technologies Agendcy in Health (CADTH) (L.J.L.), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CHDI Management, Inc. (E.N.), the company that manages the scientific activities of CHDI Foundation, Inc., New York, NY; National Health Care Institute (M.N., W.G.G.), Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology (M.S.v.d.K.), Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; European Commission (A.P.), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Patient Advocate Organization 'Vereniging HCHWA-d' (HCHWA-D Association) (S.v.R.), the Netherlands; European Leukodystrophies Association (E.F.S.-V.), Paris, France; Medical BioSciences Department (B.d.S.V.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; and WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Policy and Regulation (W.G.G.), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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