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Khan AA, Zafar MS, Fareed MA, AlMufareh NA, Alshehri F, AlSunbul H, Lassila L, Garoushi S, Vallittu PK. Fiber-reinforced composites in dentistry - An insight into adhesion aspects of the material and the restored tooth construct. Dent Mater 2023; 39:141-151. [PMID: 36604257 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to highlight the insight into adhesion aspects within the components of the glass FRC (i.e., fiber and matrix) and between resin luting material and the glass FRC construction. METHODS The fundamentals of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) based FRCs and their advantages in forming a solid adhesive interface with indirect FRC restoration, dental adhesive, and luting cement are elaborated. The important resin matrix systems and glass fibers used in FRCs are discussed. This is principally based on a survey of the literature over Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and a review of the relevant studies and publications in scientific papers in international peer-reviewed journals for the specific topic of biomaterials science. The keywords used for the search approach were: adhesion, fiber-reinforced composite, glass fiber, and semi-interpenetrating polymer network. RESULTS The polymer matrix systems of semi-IPN-based FRCs and formation of secondary-IPN layer are pivotal for bonding of multiphasic indirect dental constructs and repair. Additionally, describing areas of indication for FRCs in dentistry, explaining the adhesion aspects of FRC for the cohesion of the material itself, and for obtaining durable adhesion when the FRC construct is luted to tooth and remaining dentition. Current progress in the field of FRC research and future directions are summarized and presented. SIGNIFICANCE By understanding the isotropic-anisotropic nature of fibers and the interfacial adhesion within the components of the FRC; between resin cement and the FRC construction, the clinically successful FRC-based multiphasic indirect tooth construct can be achieved. The interfacial adhesion within the components of the FRC and between resin luting material and the FRC construction play a key role in adhesion-based unibody dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah, Medina, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amber Fareed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nawaf Abdulrahman AlMufareh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Health Care Needs, Ministry of Health, Abha Specialist Dental Center, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alshehri
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan AlSunbul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Kalevi Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
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Pornamazeh T, Geramy A, Heidari S, Rajabizadeh M, Kamali E, Ghadirian H. Comparison of the debonding force of metal, glass and polyethylene Fiber reinforced composite retainers: Mechanical and finite element analyses. Int Orthod 2022; 20:100685. [PMID: 36153239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The studies evaluating the efficiency of fiber reinforce composite (FRC) retainers are few and contradictory. This study aimed to compare the debonding force of metal, glass FRC (GFRC) and polyethylene FRC (PFRC) retainers, assess the interactions between the materials and forces, and pattern of load distribution by finite element analysis (FEA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight sound lower incisors were collected and randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=8; each sample included 2 teeth). Next, 15mm of the three retainers (multi-stranded metal wire, GFRC, and PFRC) were bonded to the lingual surface of the teeth and debonding force was measured by a universal testing machine. For FEA, 3D models were designed. The data related to geometrical models and material properties were transferred to ANSYS software. A 187-Newton load was applied to the incisal edge of the two centrals. Then different parameters were assessed. The three groups were compared by one-way Anova and Tukey's test. Type one error was considered to be 0.05. RESULTS The debonding force decreased in the order: Metal (143.71N)≥GFRC (108.29N)>PFRC (45.08N). The difference between metal retainer and GFRC was not significant. In contrast, PFRC group showed significantly lower debonding force compared to other groups (P<0.05). FEA showed stress peak value in metal-composite interface. Maximum total deformation was noted in central, followed by lateral and canine. CONCLUSIONS Glass-FRC can serve as an alternative to metal retainers as the difference in debonding force is not significant. However, the difficulty of repairing or replacing the Glass-FRC should be taken into account given the large number of failure in the interproximal dental area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Pornamazeh
- Department of Orthodontics, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Allahyar Geramy
- Department of Orthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soolmaz Heidari
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Elaheh Kamali
- Department of Orthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannaneh Ghadirian
- Department of Orthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Firlej M, Zaborowicz K, Zaborowicz M, Firlej E, Domagała I, Pieniak D, Igielska-Kalwat J, Dmowski A, Biedziak B. Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Orthodontic Retainers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5775. [PMID: 35565167 PMCID: PMC9100403 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic retention is the final important stage of orthodontic treatment, the aim of which is to consolidate the functional and aesthetic position of teeth. Among adults, fixed retainers made of different types of wires are the most common. The aim of this study was to analyse the mechanical properties of a new generation of fixed orthodontic retainers-printed by 3D printers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted using samples made of Nextdent MFH C&B N1 resin in the form of cuboid bars with nominal dimensions of width b = 3 mm, thickness d = 0.8 mm; 1 mm; 1.2 mm, length l = 30 mm for each type. The influence of the thickness of the retainers on their strength under loaded conditions was evaluated. Flexural strength, elastic properties, deflection, and creep were compared. The samples were aged in an artificial saliva bath at 37 ± 1 °C during the strength tests. RESULTS It was shown that differences in the thickness of the samples affected their elastic and strength properties. The highest average flexural modulus, the highest deflection, creep, and strength was characteristic of the samples with the highest thickness (1.2 mm). Samples with an average thickness of 1 mm had the lowest modulus of elasticity. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical properties of 3D printed retainers show that they can be an alternative to metal retainers and the procedure of making new retainers, especially when patients have aesthetic requirements or allergies to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Firlej
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (M.F.); (E.F.); (I.D.); (J.I.-K.); (B.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Zaborowicz
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (M.F.); (E.F.); (I.D.); (J.I.-K.); (B.B.)
| | - Maciej Zaborowicz
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Firlej
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (M.F.); (E.F.); (I.D.); (J.I.-K.); (B.B.)
| | - Ivo Domagała
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (M.F.); (E.F.); (I.D.); (J.I.-K.); (B.B.)
| | - Daniel Pieniak
- Faculty of Transport and Computer Science, University of Economics and Innovations in Lublin, Projektowa 4, 20-209 Lublin, Poland; (D.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Joanna Igielska-Kalwat
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (M.F.); (E.F.); (I.D.); (J.I.-K.); (B.B.)
| | - Artur Dmowski
- Faculty of Transport and Computer Science, University of Economics and Innovations in Lublin, Projektowa 4, 20-209 Lublin, Poland; (D.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Barbara Biedziak
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Maius, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (M.F.); (E.F.); (I.D.); (J.I.-K.); (B.B.)
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Ohtonen J, Lassila L, Säilynoja E, Vallittu PK. The Effect of Material Type and Location of an Orthodontic Retainer in Resisting Axial or Buccal Forces. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092319. [PMID: 33947055 PMCID: PMC8125435 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of retainer material and retainer position on a tooth to resist movement of the tooth in a simulation model. Bidirectional continuous glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) retainers and control retainers of steel wires were tested. The FRC retainers had a polymer matrix of bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (bis-GMA) and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), and it was cured with a photoinitiator system. The retainers were adhered to a lower jaw Frasaco model in two different positions. Resistance against the movement of one tooth was measured from two directions. The average load values within the FRC retainer groups were higher than within the metal retainer groups. The load values for the groups loaded from the axial direction were higher than those loaded from the buccal direction. FRC retainers, which were located 1–2 mm from the incisal edge, showed higher load values than those located 4–5 mm from the incisal edge. There was a significant difference in load values between FRC retainers and metal retainers (p < 0.01). The wire position and the direction of force also had significant effects (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between metal retainer groups. The results of this study suggest that metal retainers are more flexible, allowing for tooth movements of larger magnitude than with FRC retainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Ohtonen
- BioCity Turku Biomaterials and Medical Device Research Program, Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.L.); (P.K.V.)
- City of Kotka Municipal Health Centre, 48600 Kotka, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Lippo Lassila
- BioCity Turku Biomaterials and Medical Device Research Program, Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.L.); (P.K.V.)
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre—TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Säilynoja
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre—TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- GC Group, Stick Tech Ltd., 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Pekka K. Vallittu
- BioCity Turku Biomaterials and Medical Device Research Program, Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.L.); (P.K.V.)
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre—TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- City of Turku Welfare Division, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Patil A, Acharya SR, Ginjupalli K. Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Two Newer Composite Resin Materials: An in Vitro Study. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Tanaka CB, Ershad F, Ellakwa A, Kruzic JJ. Fiber reinforcement of a resin modified glass ionomer cement. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1516-1523. [PMID: 33010942 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understand how discontinuous short glass fibers and braided long fibers can be effectively used to reinforce a resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) for carious lesion restorations. METHODS Two control groups (powder/liquid kit and capsule) were prepared from a light cured RMGIC. Either discontinuous short glass fibers or braided polyethylene fiber ribbons were used as a reinforcement both with and without pre-impregnation with resin. For the former case, the matrix was the powder/liquid kit RMGIC, and for the latter case the matrix was the capsule form. Flexural strength was evaluated by three-point beam bending and fracture toughness was evaluated by the single-edge V-notch beam method. Compressive strength tests were performed on cylindrical samples. Results were compared by analysis of variances and Tukey's post-hoc test. Flexural strength data were analyzed using Weibull statistical analysis. RESULTS The short fiber reinforced RMGIC both with and without pre-impregnation showed a significant increase of ∼50% in the mean flexural strength and 160-220% higher fracture toughness compared with the powder/liquid RMGIC control. Reinforcement with continuous braided fibers gave more than a 150% increase in flexural strength, and pre-impregnation of the braided fibers with resin resulted in a significant flexural strength increase of more than 300% relative to the capsule control. However, for the short fiber reinforced RMGIC there was no significant benefit of resin pre-impregnation of the fibers. The Weibull modulus for the flexural strength approximately doubled for the fiber reinforced groups compared to the control groups. Finally, compressive strength was similar for all the groups tested. SIGNIFICANCE By using a RMGIC as a matrix, higher flexural strength was achieved compared to reported values for short fiber reinforced GICs. Additionally, the short fibers provided effective toughening of the RMGIC matrix by a fiber bridging mechanism. Finally, continuous braided polyethylene fibers gave much higher flexural strength than discontinuous glass fibers, and their effectiveness was enhanced by pre-impregnation of the fibers with resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina B Tanaka
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frances Ershad
- School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ayman Ellakwa
- School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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Nagani NI, Ahmed I, Tanveer F, Khursheed HM, Farooqui WA. "Clinical comparison of bond failure rate between two types of mandibular canine-canine bonded orthodontic retainers- a randomized clinical trial". BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:180. [PMID: 32600325 PMCID: PMC7325010 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bonded retainers are widely used as they are esthetically pleasing, easily acceptable, provide greater stability, compliance free and causes no soft tissue irritation and speech problems. Though, fracture and bond failure are their shortcomings. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the number of bond failures and type of failure pattern between two types of mandibular canine-canine bonded retainers. METHODS Total 60 subjects were recruited initially and were assessed for eligibility, out of which 6 were excluded and 2 were lost to follow up. They were randomly divided into two groups. Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) retainers were inserted in group 1 subjects while group 2 subjects received multistranded stainless steel (MSW) retainers. The subjects were recalled after every 3 months over a period of 1 year. Bond failure rate and failure pattern based on adhesive remnant index were evaluated at each visit. The bond failure rate and failure pattern were compared between the two retainers by using Chi-square test. RESULTS The bond failure rates were 42.94% for FRC retainer and 31.41% for MSW retainer. Hence, total number of bond failures in both retainers were 37.17%. The difference of bond failure between two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.012). Type "0" failure pattern was detected commonly with both types of retainers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that multistranded stainless steel wire retainer is a superior option to be used for fixed lingual retention in mandibular arch as it exhibited lower bond failure as compared to fiber reinforced composite retainer. Adhesive failure is the most common type of bond failure observed with both types of fixed retainers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID NCT03881813 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ); March 19, 2019, retrospective registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Iqbal Nagani
- Department Of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute Of Oral Health Sciences (DIKIOHS), Dow University Of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. .,Present Address: Adam Plaza, flat no 103, opp: New Town Masjid, Gurumandir, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Department Of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute Of Oral Health Sciences (DIKIOHS), Dow University Of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiqa Tanveer
- Department Of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute Of Oral Health Sciences (DIKIOHS), Dow University Of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Marium Khursheed
- Department Of Orthodontics, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute Of Oral Health Sciences (DIKIOHS), Dow University Of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed Farooqui
- Department of Research, School of Public Health, Dow University Of Health Sciences Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Natural Tooth Pontic Using Recent Adhesive Technologies: An Esthetic and Minimally Invasive Prosthetic Solution. Case Rep Dent 2020; 2020:7619715. [PMID: 32089901 PMCID: PMC7025038 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7619715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An implant-supported crown represents an established and validated option for single-tooth replacement; however, a restorative solution should be selected according to a wide number of factors including patient's desire, expectations, specific clinical conditions, and financial possibilities. The aim of this case report is to describe a conservative rehabilitation strategy for the replacement of a periodontally compromised mandibular incisor: the extracted natural tooth was used as a pontic bonded to adjacent elements with polyethylene fiber and resin composite. This way, a chairside fabrication of a resin-bonded fiber-reinforced prosthesis is possible, using the patient's own tooth. After showing a satisfactory functional and esthetic result, advantages and pitfalls of this technique along with available data on the literature regarding the natural tooth pontic are addressed. Both patients and clinicians should be aware of minimally invasive, successful solutions for single-tooth replacement; whether indicated or necessary, the natural tooth pontic technique leaves open other treatment options for the future.
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Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Orthodontic Retainer: In Vitro Effect of Tooth Brushing on the Surface Wear and Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051028. [PMID: 32106404 PMCID: PMC7084318 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fiber reinforced composites (FRCs) are metal free materials that have many applications in dentistry. In clinical orthodontics, they are used as retainers after active treatment in order to avoid relapse. However, although the modulus of the elasticity of FRCs is low, the rigidity of the material in the form of a relatively thick retainer with a surface cover of a flowable resin composite is known to have higher structural rigidity than stainless steel splints. The aim of the present study is to measure load and bending stress of stainless steel wires, as well as flowable resin composite covered and spot-bonded FRC retainer materials after tooth brushing. These materials were tested with a three point bending test for three different conditions: no brushing, 26 min of brushing, and 60 min of brushing. SEM images were taken before and after different times of tooth brushing. Results showed that stainless steel was not significantly affected by tooth brushing. On the other hand, a significant reduction of values at maximum load at fracture was reported for both FRC groups, and uncovered FRCs were most affected. Concerning maximum bending stress, no significant reduction by pretreatment conditions was reported for the materials tested. SEM images showed no evident wear for stainless steel. Flowable resin composite covered FRCs showed some signs of composite wear, whereas spot-bonded FRCs, i.e., without the surface cover of a flowable resin composite, showed signs of wear on the FRC and exposed glass fibers from the FRC’s polymer matrix. Because of the significant changes of the reduction of maximum load values and the wear for spot-bonded FRCs, this technique needs further in vitro and in vivo tests before it can be performed routinely in clinical practice.
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Effect of Long-Term Brushing on Deflection, Maximum Load, and Wear of Stainless Steel Wires and Conventional and Spot Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236043. [PMID: 31801235 PMCID: PMC6929004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) retainers are an aesthetic alternative to conventional Stainless Steel splints. They are generally used with a full bonded technique, but some studies demonstrated that they could be managed with a spot bonding technique to significantly decrease their rigidity. In order to propose this FRC spot bonding technique for clinical use, the aim of this study was to evaluate mechanical properties and surface wear of fibers left uncovered. Tests were made by simulating tooth brushing, comparing FRC spot bonding technique splints with stainless steel and FRC traditional technique splints. Specimens were tested both at 0.1 mm of deflection and at maximum load, showing higher values of rigidity for the FRC full bonded technique. After tooth brushing, no significant reduction in values at 0.1 mm deflection was reported, while we found a similar reduction in these values for the Stainless Steel and FRC spot bonding technique at maximum load, and no significant variation for the FRC full bonded technique. SEM images after tooth brushing showed wear for FRC fibers left uncovered, while no relevant wear signs in metal and conventional FRC fibers were noticed. Results showed that FRC spot bonding technique has advantages in mechanical properties when compared to the FRC traditional full bonding technique, also after tooth brushing. However, the surface wear after tooth brushing in the FRC spot bonding technique is considerable and other tests must be performed before promoting this technique for routine clinical use.
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Scribante A, Vallittu PK, Özcan M, Lassila LVJ, Gandini P, Sfondrini MF. Travel beyond Clinical Uses of Fiber Reinforced Composites (FRCs) in Dentistry: A Review of Past Employments, Present Applications, and Future Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1498901. [PMID: 30426003 PMCID: PMC6217899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1498901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reinforcement of resins with short or long fibers has multiple applications in various engineering and biomedical fields. The use of fiber reinforced composites (FRCs) in dentistry has been described in the literature from more than 40 years. In vitro studies evaluated mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fatigue resistance, fracture strength, layer thickness, bacterial adhesion, bonding characteristics with long fibers, woven fibers, and FRC posts. Also, multiple clinical applications such as replacement of missing teeth by resin-bonded adhesive fixed dental prostheses of various kinds, reinforcement elements of dentures or pontics, and direct construction of posts and cores have been investigated. In orthodontics, FRCs have been used also for active and passive orthodontic applications, such as anchorage units, en-masse movement units, and postorthodontic tooth retention. FRCs have been extensively tested in the literature, but today the advances in new technologies involving the introduction of nanofillers or new fibers along with understanding the design principles of FRC devices open new fields of research for these materials both in vitro and in vivo. The present review describes past and present applications of FRCs and introduces some future perspectives on the use of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Pekka K. Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterial Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- City of Turku, Welfare Division, Turku, Finland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zurich, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Dental Materials Unit, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lippo V. J. Lassila
- Department of Biomaterial Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paola Gandini
- Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Sfondrini
- Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
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Richert R, Robinson P, Viguie G, Farges JC, Ducret M. Multi-Fiber-Reinforced Composites for the Coronoradicular Reconstruction of Premolar Teeth: A Finite Element Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4302607. [PMID: 29984233 PMCID: PMC6011147 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4302607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A coronoradicular reconstruction (CRR) has conventionally used a metallic inlay core (MIC) or a single-fiber-reinforced composite (sFRC) but extensive dentin removal can lead to root fracture. We propose herein a multi-fiber-reinforced composite (mFRC) based on a bundle of thin flexible fibers that can be adapted to the root anatomy without removing additional dentin. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical behavior of the root reconstructed with mFRC, MIC, or sFRC using a finite element analysis (FEA). Models with or without a ferrule effect were created using Autodesk© software and divided into four parts: root, post, bonding composite or cement, and zirconia crown. For both models, extreme stress values (ESV), stress distribution, and risk of fracture were calculated for an oblique force (45°) of 100 N applied to the top of the buccal cusp. Results indicated that mFRC and mFRCG present a lower risk of fracture of the root and of the CRR without ferrule and thus could be valuable alternatives for premolar CRR. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical success of these CRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Richert
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France
| | | | - Gilbert Viguie
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Farges
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, UMS3444 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/Université Lyon 1, UMS3444 BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
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Spot-Bonding and Full-Bonding Techniques for Fiber Reinforced Composite (FRC) and Metallic Retainers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102096. [PMID: 28976936 PMCID: PMC5666778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber reinforced Composite (FRC) retainers have been introduced as an aesthetic alternative to conventional metallic splints, but present high rigidity. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate bending and fracture loads of FRC splints bonded with conventional full-coverage of the FRC with a composite compared with an experimental bonding technique with a partial (spot-) resin composite cover. Stainless steel rectangular flat, stainless steel round, and FRC retainers were tested at 0.2 and 0.3 mm deflections and at a maximum load. Both at 0.2 and 0.3 mm deflections, the lowest load required to bend the retainer was recorded for spot-bonded stainless steel flat and round wires and for spot-bonded FRCs, and no significant differences were identified among them. Higher force levels were reported for full-bonded metallic flat and round splints and the highest loads were recorded for full-bonded FRCs. At the maximum load, no significant differences were reported among spot- and full-bonded metallic splints and spot-bonded FRCs. The highest loads were reported for full bonded FRCs. The significant decrease in the rigidity of spot-bonded FRC splints if compared with full-bonded retainers suggests further tests in order to propose this technique for clinical use, as they allow physiologic tooth movement, thus presumably reducing the risk of ankylosis.
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