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Mann JK, Reddy T, van der Stok M, Ngubane A, Mulaudzi T, Mchunu N, Nevhungoni P, Manickchund N, Manickchund P, Louise Cairns CH, Govender V, Ndung'u T, Suleman Moosa MY, Gosnell BI. Hen egg white bovine colostrum supplement reduces symptoms of mild/moderate COVID-19: a randomized control trial. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO882. [PMID: 37621850 PMCID: PMC10445555 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The ability of a hen egg white bovine colostrum supplement to prevent severe COVID-19 was tested in a double-blind randomized control study. Methods Adults with mild/moderate COVID-19, risk factors for severe disease, and within 5 days of symptom onset were assigned to the intervention (n = 77) or placebo (n = 79) arms. Symptoms were documented until day 42 post-enrollment and viral clearance was assessed at 11-13 days post-symptom onset. Results One participant developed severe COVID-19. The severe-type symptom score was lower in the active arm at 11-13 days post-symptom onset (p = 0.049). Chest pain, fever/chills, joint pain/malaise, and sore throat were significantly less frequent in the active arm. No differences in viral clearance were observed. Conclusion The intervention reduced symptoms of mild/moderate COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration DOH-27-062021-9191 (South African National Clinical Trials Register).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Kelly Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Tarylee Reddy
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Mary van der Stok
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Ayanda Ngubane
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Takalani Mulaudzi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Nobuhle Mchunu
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Portia Nevhungoni
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Nithendra Manickchund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Pariva Manickchund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | | | | | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Rathnapala ECN, Ahn DU, Abeyrathne EDNS. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ovotransferrin and the Functional Properties of Its Hydrolysates. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:608-622. [PMID: 34291210 PMCID: PMC8277180 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides have great potentials as nutraceutical and pharmaceutical
agents that can improve human health. The objectives of this research were to
produce functional peptides from ovotransferrin, a major egg white protein,
using single enzyme treatments, and to analyze the properties of the
hydrolysates produced. Lyophilized ovotransferrin was dissolved in distilled
water at 20 mg/mL, treated with protease, elastase, papain, trypsin, or
α-chymotrypsin at 1% (w/v) level of substrate, and incubated for
0–24 h at the optimal temperature of each enzyme (protease 55°C,
papain 37°C, elastase 25°C, trypsin 37°C,
α-chymotrypsin 37°C). The hydrolysates were tested for
antioxidant, metal-chelating, and antimicrobial activities. Protease, papain,
trypsin, and α-chymotrypsin hydrolyzed ovotransferrin relatively well
after 3 h of incubation, but it took 24 h with elastase to reach a similar
degree of hydrolysis. The hydrolysates obtained after 3 h of incubation with
protease, papain, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and after 24 h with elastase
were selected as the best products to analyze their functional properties. None
of the hydrolysates exhibited antioxidant properties in the oil emulsion nor
antimicrobial property at 20 mg/mL concentration. However, ovotransferrin with
α-chymotrypsin and with elastase had higher
Fe3+-chelating activities (1.06±0.88%,
1.25±0.24%) than the native ovotransferrin
(0.46±0.60%). Overall, the results indicated that the
single-enzyme treatments of ovotransferrin were not effective to produce
peptides with antioxidant, antimicrobial, or Fe3+-chelating
activity. Further research on the effects of enzyme combinations may be
needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, USA
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Rathnapala ECN, Ahn DU, Abeyrathne S. Functional properties of ovotransferrin from chicken egg white and its derived peptides: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:619-630. [PMID: 33814941 PMCID: PMC8006106 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With emerging trends in the food and pharmaceutical industries, potential applications of egg-derived bioactive compounds were recognized. Ovotransferrin is a major egg white functional protein responsible for multiple bioactivities. The objectives of this review are to provide scientific evidence of the functional properties of chicken ovotransferrin and its derived peptides and to identify future research approaches and applications. Various easy, economical, and non-toxic methods have been reported to produce ovotransferrin with high yield and purity, and chemical and enzymatic approaches have been employed to release bioactive peptides. The native ovotransferrin is known to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. The peptides produced from ovotransferrin also are reported to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, and anticancer properties. However, little or no application of these compounds in the food and pharmaceutical areas is available yet. Therefore, the practical application of OTF in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical areas are among the emerging areas of research.
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Mann JK, Ndung'u T. The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19. Future Virol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7543043 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading rapidly with no established effective treatments. While most cases are mild, others experience uncontrolled inflammatory responses with oxidative stress, dysregulation of iron and coagulation as features. Lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme are abundant, safe antimicrobials that have wide antiviral as well as immunomodulatory properties. In particular, lactoferrin restores iron homeostasis and inhibits replication of SARS-CoV, which is closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Ovotransferrin has antiviral peptides and activities that are shared with lactoferrin. Both lactoferrin and lysozyme are ‘immune sensing’ as they may stimulate immune responses or resolve inflammation. Mechanisms by which these antimicrobials may treat or prevent COVID-19, as well as sources and forms of these, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Kelly Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT & Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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