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Newport MT, Dayrit FM. The Lipid-Heart Hypothesis and the Keys Equation Defined the Dietary Guidelines but Ignored the Impact of Trans-Fat and High Linoleic Acid Consumption. Nutrients 2024; 16:1447. [PMID: 38794685 PMCID: PMC11123895 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to a perceived epidemic of coronary heart disease, Ancel Keys introduced the lipid-heart hypothesis in 1953 which asserted that high intakes of total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol lead to atherosclerosis and that consuming less fat and cholesterol, and replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat, would reduce serum cholesterol and consequently the risk of heart disease. Keys proposed an equation that would predict the concentration of serum cholesterol (ΔChol.) from the consumption of saturated fat (ΔS), polyunsaturated fat (ΔP), and cholesterol (ΔZ): ΔChol. = 1.2(2ΔS - ΔP) + 1.5ΔZ. However, the Keys equation conflated natural saturated fat and industrial trans-fat into a single parameter and considered only linoleic acid as the polyunsaturated fat. This ignored the widespread consumption of trans-fat and its effects on serum cholesterol and promoted an imbalance of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet. Numerous observational, epidemiological, interventional, and autopsy studies have failed to validate the Keys equation and the lipid-heart hypothesis. Nevertheless, these have been the cornerstone of national and international dietary guidelines which have focused disproportionately on heart disease and much less so on cancer and metabolic disorders, which have steadily increased since the adoption of this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian M. Dayrit
- Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City 1108, Philippines
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2
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Cheng CCW, Wu JH, Louie JCY. Trans-fat labelling information on prepackaged foods and beverages sold in Hong Kong in 2019. Public Health Nutr 2022; 26:1-8. [PMID: 36415081 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022002464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the labelling status of trans-fat of pre-packaged foods sold in Hong Kong. DESIGN Data from 19 027 items in the 2019 FoodSwitch Hong Kong database were used. Ingredient lists were screened to identify specific (e.g. partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, PHVO) and non-specific trans-fat ingredient indicators (e.g. hydrogenated oil). Trans-fat content was obtained from the on-pack nutrition labels, which was converted into proportion of total fat (%total fat). Descriptive statistics were calculated for trans-fat content and the number of specific, non-specific and total trans-fat ingredients indicators found on the ingredients lists. Comparisons were made between regions using one-way ANOVA and χ2 for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. SETTING Cross-sectional audit. PARTICIPANTS Not applicable. RESULTS A total of 729 items (3·8 % of all products) reported to contain industrially produced trans-fat, with a median of 0·4 g/100 g or 100 ml (interquartile range (IQR): 0·1-0·6) and 1·2 %totalfat (IQR: 0·6-2·9). 'Bread and bakery products' had the highest proportion of items with industrially produced trans-fat (18·9 %). 'Non-alcoholic beverages' had the highest proportion of products of 'false negatives' labelling (e.g. labelled as 0 trans-fat but contains PHVO; 59·3 %). The majority of products with trans-fat indicator originated from Asia (70 %). CONCLUSIONS According to the labelling ∼4 % of pre-packaged food and beverages sold in Hong Kong in 2019 contained industrially produced trans-fat, and a third of these had trans-fat >2 %total fat. The ambiguous trans-fat labelling in Hong Kong may not effectively assist consumers in identifying products free from industrially produced trans-fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chi Wai Cheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, 5S-14 Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, 1 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jason Hy Wu
- Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, 5S-14 Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, 1 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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3
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de Brito Medeiros L, Alves SPA, de Bessa RJB, Soares JKB, Costa CNM, de Souza Aquino J, Guerra GCB, de Souza Araújo DF, Toscano LT, Silva AS, Alves AF, Lemos MLP, de Araujo WJ, de Medeiros AN, de Oliveira CJB, de Cassia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga R. Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18963. [PMID: 34556715 PMCID: PMC8460723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa de Brito Medeiros
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB Brazil
| | - Susana Paula Almeida Alves
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui José Branquinho de Bessa
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- grid.411182.f0000 0001 0169 5930Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG Brazil
| | - Camila Neves Meireles Costa
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB Brazil
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XFaculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | - Lydiane Tavares Toscano
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba, João PessoaParaíba, 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Mateus Lacerda Pereira Lemos
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
| | - Wydemberg José de Araujo
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
| | - Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
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Ren X, Vilhjálmsdóttir BL, Rohde JF, Walker KC, Runstedt SE, Lauritzen L, Heitmann BL, Specht IO. Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Polyunsaturated and Trans Fatty Acids During Pregnancy and Offspring Weight Development. Front Nutr 2021; 8:625596. [PMID: 33842522 PMCID: PMC8027310 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.625596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) may have an impact on offspring weight development. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines to evaluate whether levels of these fatty acids during pregnancy influenced offspring weight development. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with DHA and/or EPA supplementation or cohort studies, which examined levels of DHA, EPA, or TFAs in maternal or neonatal blood samples and recorded offspring weight, were included. Overall, 27 RCTs and 14 observational studies were identified. The results showed that DHA and/or EPA supplementation doses >650 mg/day resulted in slightly higher birth weight (MD 87.5 g, 95% CI 52.3-122.6, n = 3,831) and combined BMI and BMI z score at 5-10 years (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.04-0.18, n = 3,220). These results were rated as moderate quality. Results from the observational studies were generally inconsistent. High TFA levels during pregnancy seemed to be associated with lower birth weight. Finally, this review and meta-analysis supports a relationship between high maternal or neonatal DHA and/or EPA levels and higher offspring birth weight and weight in childhood. More high-quality long-term studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ren
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitta Lind Vilhjálmsdóttir
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Christina Walker
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Elizabeth Runstedt
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Paediatric and International Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sydney Medical School, The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Section for General Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Olmer Specht
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Poles J, Tiozzo E, Konefal J, Rodriguez A, Woolger JM, Lewis JE. The Effects of a Nutrition Education Program on Dietary Intake and Biomarkers in HIV+ Adults. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 16:511-520. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827620986790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. People living with HIV (PLWH) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary behavior modification may assist in the treatment of CVD, but the optimal dose of nutrition education is unknown. The current aim was to determine if a weekly 1-hour nutrition education program would improve multiple outcomes among PLWH. Methods. Participants (n = 62) were assessed on dietary intake, serum biomarkers, and physical characteristics at baseline and 3 months, and percent change was calculated. Participants were grouped into 3 attendance categories of the classes: none, fair, or good. Analyses of covariance were performed on the outcomes. Results. Calories, protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugar, added sugar, and glycemic load were significantly different (all P values <.05). Those who attended no class typically had increases in these variables versus those with fair or good attendance. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; P = .006) and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio ( P = .083) were different, as those who attended no class or had fair attendance worsened, but those with good attendance improved. Conclusions. Several outcomes improved more so among those with good class attendance versus those with either fair or no attendance. Thus, an interactive nutrition education program may be an effective tool to help improve the health of PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Poles
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, University of Miami School of Education and Human Development, Miami, Florida
| | - Eduard Tiozzo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Janet Konefal
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Allan Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Judi M. Woolger
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - John E. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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6
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Angers P, Arul J, Jacques H. Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers or the Potential Wild Card in
Trans
Fats. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Angers
- Department of Food Sciences Université Laval 2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods Université Laval 2440 boulevard Hochelaga Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food Sciences Université Laval 2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods Université Laval 2440 boulevard Hochelaga Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Hélène Jacques
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods Université Laval 2440 boulevard Hochelaga Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
- School of Nutrition Université Laval 2425 rue de l'Agriculture Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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7
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Abd-Rabo FH, Elshaghabee FM, Sakr SS, El-Arabi NI, El-Maaty SA. Different dietary fats impact on biochemical and histological parameters and gene expression of lipogenesis-related genes in rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Dervishi E, González-Calvo L, Blanco M, Joy M, Sarto P, Martin-Hernandez R, Ordovás JM, Serrano M, Calvo JH. Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Profiling in Longissimus thoracis Muscle, Subcutaneous Fat, and Liver of Light Lambs in Response to Concentrate or Alfalfa Grazing. Front Genet 2019; 10:1070. [PMID: 31737049 PMCID: PMC6834778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of gene expression and metabolic pathways in response to a feeding system is critical for identifying key physiological processes and genes associated with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in lamb meat. The main objective of this study was to investigate transcriptional changes in L. thoracis (LT) muscle, liver, and subcutaneous fat (SF) of lambs that grazed alfalfa (ALF) and concentrate-fed (CON) slaughtered at 23 kg and using the Affymetrix Ovine Gene 1.1 ST whole-genome array. The study also evaluated the relationship between meat traits in LT muscle, including color, pigments and lipid oxidation during 7 days of display, α-tocopherol content, intramuscular fat (IMF) content and the fatty acid (FA) profile. Lambs that grazed on alfalfa had a greater α-tocopherol concentration in plasma than CON lambs (P < 0.05). The treatment did not affect the IMF content, meat color or pigments (P > 0.05). Grazing increased the α-tocopherol content (P < 0.001) and decreased lipid oxidation on day 7 of display (P < 0.05) in LT muscle. The ALF group contained a greater amount of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C18:3 n−3, C20:5 n−3, C22:5 n−3, and C22:6 n−3 than did the CON group (P < 0.05). We identified 41, 96 and four genes differentially expressed in LT muscle, liver, and subcutaneous fat, respectively. The most enriched biological processes in LT muscle were skeletal muscle tissue development, being the genes related to catabolic and lipid processes downregulated, except for CPT1B, which was upregulated in the ALF lambs. Animals grazing alfalfa had lower expression of desaturase enzymes in the liver (FADS1 and FADS2), which regulate unsaturation of fatty acids and are directly involved in the metabolism of n−3 PUFA series. The results found in the current study showed that ingesting diets richer in n−3 PUFA might have negative effects on the de novo synthesis of n−3 PUFA by downregulating the FADS1 and FADS2 expression. However, feeding diets poorer in n−3 PUFA can promote fatty acid desaturation, which makes these two genes attractive candidates for altering the content of PUFAs in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Dervishi
- Livestock Gentec, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Laura González-Calvo
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mireia Blanco
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Margalida Joy
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Sarto
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jose M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jorge H Calvo
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA)-Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Su Z, Nie Y, Huang X, Zhu Y, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G. Mitophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Therapeutic Potential and Concerns. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31649547 PMCID: PMC6795753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other metabolic diseases. It is well known that insulin resistance, especially hepatic insulin resistance, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Current research has shown that hepatic fatty acid accumulation can cause hepatic insulin resistance through increased gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired insulin signal pathway. Mitochondria are the major sites of fatty acid β-oxidation, which is the major degradation mechanism of fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatic fatty acid–induced hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial dynamics and function. Therefore, mitophagy can promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to inhibit hepatic fatty acid accumulation and improve hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we review advances in our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and hepatic insulin resistance. Additionally, we also highlight the potential value of mitophagy in the treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Koba S, Takao T, Shimizu F, Ogawa M, Ishii Y, Yokota Y, Furuyama F, Tsunoda F, Shoji M, Harris WS, Takada A. Comparison of plasma levels of different species of trans fatty acids in Japanese male patients with acute coronary syndrome versus healthy men. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284:173-180. [PMID: 30921600 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It remains unclear how trans fatty acid (TFA) at low-level intake affect lipid levels and the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The study aimed to investigate how plasma TFA composition differs between male patients with ACS and healthy men. METHODS Plasma fatty acid (FA) composition (as determined by gas chromatography) was analyzed in ACS patients on hospital admission and compared to that of age-adjusted healthy men. RESULTS Total FA and TFA levels were similar between ACS and control subjects. Palmitelaidic acid, ruminant-derived TFA (R-TFA), levels were lower in ACS patients (0.17 ± 0.06 vs. 0.20 ± 0.06 of total FA, in ACS and control, respectively, p<0.01), and were significantly directly associated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (rho = 0.269) and n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) (rho = 0.442). Linoleic trans isomers (total C18:2 TFA), primary industrially-produced TFA (IP-TFAs), were significantly higher in ACS patients (0.68 ± 0.17 vs. 0.60 ± 0.20 of total FA, in ACS and control, respectively). Total trans-C18:1 isomers were comparable between ACS and control. Differences between ACS and controls in C18:1 trans varied by specific C18:1 trans species. Absolute concentrations of trans-C18:2 isomers were significantly directly associated with LDL-C and non-HDL-C in ACS men. The ACS patients showed significantly lower levels of both n-6 and n-3 PUFA (i.e., eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids). CONCLUSIONS There were several case-control differences in specific TFA that could potential affect risk for ACS. Japanese ACS patients, especially middle-aged patients, may consume less R-TFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Koba
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Takao
- Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Shimizu
- Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ogawa
- Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Ishii
- Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuya Yokota
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Furuyama
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Tsunoda
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Shoji
- The Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine and Omegaquant LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Akikazu Takada
- The International Projects on Food and Health (NPO), Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Gotoh N, Yoshinaga K, Kagiono S, Katoh Y, Mizuno Y, Beppu F, Nagai T, Mizobe H, Yoshida A, Nagao K. Evaluating the Content and Distribution of Trans Fatty Acid Isomers in Foods Consumed in Japan. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:193-202. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | | | - Satoshi Kagiono
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Yukiko Katoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Yota Mizuno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | | | | | | | - Koji Nagao
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University
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12
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Montakhab-Yeganeh H, Babaahmadi-Rezaei H, Doosti M. Effect of elaidic acid on ABCA1 expression in raw 264.7 cells. Is it through PPAR-gamma? EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:864-870. [PMID: 30233285 PMCID: PMC6141816 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Trans Fatty Acids have shown a strong correlation with cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms explaining their atherogenicity are still unclear. ABCA1, which is involved in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, has been considered as a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. In vitro studies of the effects of PPAR-γ on lipid homeostasis in macrophage cells suggested a role for PPAR-γ in the regulation of ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux to apoA-I pathway. Thus, in this study we examined the effect of elaidic acid (EA) as the most abundant TFA on expression of ABCA1 and PPAR-γ in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line. Accordingly, after determining appropriate concentrations of EA using MTT, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of EA, and at the end, gene expression was assayed by Real-Time PCR. Our results shown that the expression of ABCA1 decreased in the treated group in comparison with the control group by 1.7, 2.3, and 5.1 fold, after 12 h treatment for 0.5, 1, and 2 mM EA concentration respectively. In addition, after 24 h treatment with EA, the rate of decreasing ABCA1 expression was 2.1, 2.6, 5.7 fold, respectively (P < 0.01). However, EA had no significant effect on PPAR-γ mRNA expression. Therefore, it could be concluded that the atherogenic effect of EA may be mediated by reducing ABCA1 expression in RAW 264.7 cells; however, this reduction has not mediated through altering PPAR-γ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahmood Doosti
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Kuiper HC, Wei N, McGunigale SL, Vesper HW. Quantitation of trans-fatty acids in human blood via isotope dilution-gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1076:35-43. [PMID: 29396366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trans-fatty acids (TFA) are geometric isomers of naturally occurring cis-fatty acids. High dietary TFA intake has been associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about TFA levels in humans. To address this data need, we developed and validated a new isotope dilution-gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (ID-GC-NCI-MS) method for quantitation of 27 fatty acids (FA) including 4 major TFA in human plasma, serum, and red blood cells (RBC) from 66 donors. Quantitation was performed with 18 isotope labeled internal standards and results are presented in μM and % of total FA. This method has high sensitivity and specificity due to use of pentafluorobenzyl-bromide derivatization combined with NCI-MS and a 200m column to optimize positional and geometric FA isomer separation. The four major TFA, palmitelaidic acid, elaidic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, and linoelaidic acid, were detected in all samples, with median total TFA concentrations of 17.7μM in plasma, 19.6μM in serum, and 21.5μM in RBC. The % of total FA for the TFA was 0.20% in plasma, 0.20% in serum, and 0.30% in RBC. Patterns for % FA are similar to those reported in other studies. We developed a highly specific, ID-GC-NCI-MS method to quantitate TFA and other FA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Kuiper
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Na Wei
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samantha L McGunigale
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hubert W Vesper
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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14
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Alexander SP, Kelly E, Marrion NV, Peters JA, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Davies JA. THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Transporters. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174 Suppl 1:S360-S446. [PMID: 29055035 PMCID: PMC5650669 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18 provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.13883/full. Transporters are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2017, and supersedes data presented in the 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature Committee of the Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ph Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Neil V Marrion
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Simon D Harding
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Christopher Southan
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jamie A Davies
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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