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Mice with double knockout of Egr-1 and RCAN1 exhibit reduced inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152377. [PMID: 36933529 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents one of the major opportunistic pathogens, which causes nosocomial infections in immunocompromised individuals. The molecular mechanisms controlling the host immune response to P. aeruginosa infections are not completely understood. In our previous study, early growth response 1 (Egr-1) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) were found to positively and negatively regulate the inflammatory responses, respectively, during P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, and both of them had an impact on activating NF-κB pathway. Herein, we examined the inflammatory responses of Egr-1/RCAN1 double knockout mice using a mouse model of P. aeruginosa acute pneumonia. As a result, the Egr-1/RCAN1 double knockout mice showed reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and MIP-2), diminished inflammatory cell infiltration and decreased mortality, which were similar to those of Egr-1-deficienct mice but different from those of RCAN1-deficient mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that Egr-1 mRNA transcription preceded RCAN1 isoform 4 (RCAN1.4) mRNA transcription in macrophages, and the macrophages with Egr-1 deficiency exhibited decreased RCAN1.4 mRNA levels upon P. aeruginosa LPS stimulation. Moreover, Egr-1/RCAN1 double-deficient macrophages had reduced NF-κB activation compared to RCAN1-deficient macrophages. Taken together, Egr-1 predominates over RCAN1 in regulating inflammation during P. aeruginosa acute lung infection, which influences RCAN1.4 gene expression.
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Qin H, Zhang L, Li M, Liu Y, Sun S, Nie W, Bai B, Li G, Zhang G. EGR1/NOX4 pathway regulates oxidative stress and further facilitates fibrosis progression in keloids responses to TGF-β1. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 108:138-145. [PMID: 36608994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As classic benign fibroproliferative tumors, keloids remain a major therapeutic challenge due to their complex pathological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To determine the functional role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/early growth response factor-1 (EGR1)/NADPH oxidases 4 (NOX4) axis in the pathogenesis of keloid fibrosis. METHODS Differentially expressed genes in keloid tissues and normal skins were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Then, the human skin fibroblast cell line was treated with TGF-β1 at a dose of 10 ng/mL in order to stimulate the TGF-β1/SMAD pathway and the pathway was blocked using the SB431542. Furthermore, EGR1/NOX4 was over-expressed and inhibited by transfecting overexpression plasmids and small interfering RNAs, respectively. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species were measured using the DCFH-DA assay, and the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes were assessed by Western blot analysis. Alternately, dual-luciferase reporter analysis verified the targeting relationship between EGR1 and NOX4. RESULTS The TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway was significantly activated in keloid tissues to promote dermal fibrosis. The level of ROS was increased in keloid fibroblasts. Moreover, TGF-β1 could facilitate the expression of EGR1 through regulating the SMAD pathway in keloids and promoting the fibrotic phenotype of keloid fibroblasts. EGR1 could regulate the production of ROS by targeting NOX4. Furthermore, NOX4-derived ROS could promote fibrotic-like phenotype of keloid fibroblasts and play an important role in keloid fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of the TGF-β1/EGR1/NOX4 pathway in keloid fibrosis, and the TGF-β1/EGR1/NOX4 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianbo Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenting Nie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Bai
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gaokai Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Li J, Zhang J, Yang M, Huang X, Zhang M, Fang X, Wu S. Kirenol alleviates diabetic nephropathy via regulating TGF-β/Smads and the NF-κB signal pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1690-1700. [PMID: 36073930 PMCID: PMC9467559 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kirenol possesses anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and anti-arthritic effects. However, its reno-protective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study explores the reno-protective effects of kirenol against DN and clarifies the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mesangial cells were treated with 20 µM kirenol and 10 ng/mL human recombinant TGF-β1 or 30 mM glucose for 24 h. Then the cells were harvested to assay the expression of the target genes or proteins. Thirty C57BL/6J male mice were given high-fat diet with streptozotocin injection to induce diabetes and then were randomized into three groups (n = 10): vehicle administration (DM group), 2 mg/kg kirenol (DM + kirenol group) and 200 mg/kg metformin (Met group) for 3 months, orally. A healthy group (Con, n = 10) was included as the control. RESULTS Compared to the DM group, kirenol treatment decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and NF-κB (0.64- and 0.43-fold) as well as the accumulation of FN and Col IV (0.58- and 0.35-fold); moreover, the expression of IκBα was restored to normal level by kirenol treatment both in vivo and in vitro. After kirenol treatment, IL-6 expression was decreased 0.35- and 0.57-fold, and TNF-α expression was decreased 0.34- and 0.46-fold, in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Furthermore, kirenol alleviated the glomerular basement membrane thickness and foot process fusion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Kirenol could alleviate DN by downregulating the TGF-β/Smads and the NF-κB signal pathway. Our study provides a potential mechanism for the treatment of DN with kirenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaocui Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiansong Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Podgorniak T, Dhanasiri A, Chen X, Ren X, Kuan PF, Fernandes J. Early fish domestication affects methylation of key genes involved in the rapid onset of the farmed phenotype. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1281-1298. [PMID: 35006036 PMCID: PMC9542679 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.2017554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal domestication is a process of environmental modulation and artificial selection leading to permanent phenotypic modifications. Recent studies showed that phenotypic changes occur very early in domestication, i.e., within the first generation in captivity, which raises the hypothesis that epigenetic mechanisms may play a critical role on the early onset of the domestic phenotype. In this context, we applied reduced representation bisulphite sequencing to compare methylation profiles between wild Nile tilapia females and their offspring reared under farmed conditions. Approximately 700 differentially methylated CpG sites were found, many of them associated not only with genes involved in muscle growth, immunity, autophagy and diet response but also related to epigenetic mechanisms, such as RNA methylation and histone modifications. This bottom-up approach showed that the phenotypic traits often related to domestic animals (e.g., higher growth rate and different immune status) may be regulated epigenetically and prior to artificial selection on gene sequences. Moreover, it revealed the importance of diet in this process, as reflected by differential methylation patterns in genes critical to fat metabolism. Finally, our study highlighted that the TGF-β1 signalling pathway may regulate and be regulated by several differentially methylated CpG-associated genes. This could be an important and multifunctional component in promoting adaptation of fish to a domestic environment while modulating growth and immunity-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Podgorniak
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Anusha Dhanasiri
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Xianquan Chen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xu Ren
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pei-Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Fernandes
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Wen W, Huang B, Ye S. Metformin Ameliorates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Diabetes by Increasing Vitamin D Receptor Expression. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:4001-4010. [PMID: 36582506 PMCID: PMC9792813 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s389918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is used as a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a significant role in the development of renal tubular damage in diabetic kidney disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of EMT in diabetic kidney disease are unclear and how to inhibit this process remains to be explored. METHODS C57 mice were randomly divided into four groups, including the normal control group (NC group), the Type 2 diabetes group (T2DM group), the metformin group (MET group), and glibenclamide group (GLIB). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), urinary albumin, RBP, PCX, and creatinine were measured. Renal pathology was observed with HE staining. Molecular mechanism of VDR expression are regulated by metformin through wound healing assay, and Western blot analysis of VDR, Ecad, and SMA in HK2 cells. RESULTS In animal experiments, compared with the NC group, the T2DM group showed decreased body weight, increased levels of FBG, HbA1c, UAlb/UCR, URBP/UCR, and UPCX/UCR, decreased levels of VDR protein and mRNA expression in renal tissues (P < 0.05), and significantly increased renal pathological damage in mice in the T2DM group. Compared with the T2DM group, mice in the GLIB and MET groups had higher body weight and lower FBG, HbA1c, UAlb/UCR, URBP/UCR, and UPCX/UCR (P < 0.05). In addition, renal pathological damage was significantly reduced in the MET group compared to the GLIB group. In HK2 cells, high glucose promoted the reduction of VDR and the development of EMT compared to the NC group. In addition, we found that Metformin can up-regulate VDR and inhibit EMT. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the renoprotective effect of metformin is independent of glycemic control and metformin is involved in the progression of EMT by regulating VDR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Laboratory for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shandong Ye, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Romdhoniyyah DF, Harding SP, Cheyne CP, Beare NAV. Metformin, A Potential Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmol Ther 2021; 10:245-260. [PMID: 33846958 PMCID: PMC8079568 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, no generally approved medical treatment can delay the onset of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or slow the progression of degenerative changes. Repurposing drugs with beneficial effects on AMD pathophysiology offers a route to new treatments which is faster, cost-effective, and safer for patients. Recent studies indicate a potential role for metformin in delaying AMD development and progression. In this context, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to look for beneficial associations between metformin and AMD. METHODS We systematically searched Medline and Embase (via Ovid), Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for clinical studies in humans that examined the associations between metformin treatment and AMD published from inception to February 2021. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) considering a random effect model in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Five retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria. There are no prospective studies that have reported the effect of metformin in AMD. The meta-analysis showed that people taking metformin were less likely to have AMD although statistical significance was not met (pooled adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.54-1.05, I2 = 98.8%). Subgroup analysis of the association between metformin and early and late AMD could not be performed since the data was not available from the included studies. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of retrospective data suggests a signal that metformin may be associated with decreased risk of any AMD. It should be interpreted with caution because of the failure to meet statistical significance, the small number of studies, and the limitation of routine record data. However prospective studies are warranted in generalizable populations without diabetes, of varied ethnicities, and AMD stages. Clinical trials are needed to determine if metformin has efficacy in treating early and late-stage AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Fathin Romdhoniyyah
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Simon P Harding
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher P Cheyne
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas A V Beare
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Member of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
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Son M, Oh S, Choi J, Jang JT, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on Hypertensive Nephropathy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084230. [PMID: 33921823 PMCID: PMC8073021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induces renal fibrosis or tubular interstitial fibrosis, which eventually results in end-stage renal disease. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis. Though previous studies showed that Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) and dieckol (DK) had inhibitory action on angiotensin (Ang) I-converting enzyme, which converts Ang I to Ang II. It is known that Ang II is involved in renal fibrosis; however, it was not evaluated whether ECE or DK attenuated hypertensive nephropathy by decreasing EMT. In this study, the effect of ECE and DK on decreasing Ang II and its down signal pathway of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R)/TGFβ/SMAD, which is related with the EMT and restoring renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), was investigated. Either ECE or DK significantly decreased the serum level of Ang II in the SHRs. Moreover, the renal expression of AT1R/TGFβ/SMAD was decreased by the administration of either ECE or DK. The mesenchymal cell markers in the kidney of SHRs was significantly decreased by ECE or DK. The fibrotic tissue of the kidney of SHRs was also significantly decreased by ECE or DK. The ratio of urine albumin/creatinine of SHRs was significantly decreased by ECE or DK. Overall, the results of this study indicate that ECE and DK decreased the serum levels of Ang II and expression of AT1R/TGFβ/SMAD, and then decreased the EMT and renal fibrosis in SHRs. Furthermore, the decrease in EMT and renal fibrosis could lead to the restoration of renal function. It seems that ECE or DK could be beneficial for decreasing hypertensive nephropathy by decreasing EMT and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Junwon Choi
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
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Yokoyama S, Kawai T, Yamamoto K, Yibin H, Yamamoto H, Kakino A, Takeshita H, Nozato Y, Fujimoto T, Hongyo K, Takahashi T, Nakagami F, Akasaka H, Takami Y, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Sawamura T, Rakugi H. RAGE ligands stimulate angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1) via RAGE/AT1 complex on the cell membrane. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5759. [PMID: 33707701 PMCID: PMC7952713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and the G protein-coupled angiotensin II (AngII) type I receptor (AT1) play a central role in cardiovascular diseases. It was recently reported that RAGE modifies AngII-mediated AT1 activation via the membrane oligomeric complex of the two receptors. In this study, we investigated the presence of the different directional crosstalk in this phenomenon, that is, the RAGE/AT1 complex plays a role in the signal transduction pathway of RAGE ligands. We generated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing RAGE and AT1, mutated AT1, or AT2 receptor. The activation of two types of G protein α-subunit, Gq and Gi, was estimated through the accumulation of inositol monophosphate and the inhibition of forskolin-induced cAMP production, respectively. Rat kidney epithelial cells were used to assess RAGE ligand-induced cellular responses. We determined that RAGE ligands activated Gi, but not Gq, only in cells expressing RAGE and wildtype AT1. The activation was inhibited by an AT1 blocker (ARB) as well as a RAGE inhibitor. ARBs inhibited RAGE ligand-induced ERK phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of rat renal epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that the activation of AT1 plays a central role in RAGE-mediated cellular responses and elucidate the role of a novel molecular mechanism in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina Yokoyama
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Huang Yibin
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akemi Kakino
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hikari Takeshita
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nozato
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hongyo
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nakagami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takami
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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Yi H, Huang C, Shi Y, Cao Q, Chen J, Chen XM, Pollock CA. Metformin Attenuates Renal Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Adenine-Induced Renal Injury Through Inhibiting TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:603802. [PMID: 33614642 PMCID: PMC7889967 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.603802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that all progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is pathologically characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis process. Multiple studies have shown the critical role of inflammation and fibrosis in the development of CKD. Hence strategies that target inflammatory and fibrotic signaling pathways may provide promising opportunities to protect against renal fibrosis. Metformin has been used as the first-line glucose-lowering agent to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for over 50 years. Accumulating evidence suggests the potential for additional therapeutic applications of metformin, including mitigation of renal fibrosis. In this study, the anti-fibrotic effects of metformin independent of its glucose-lowering mechanism were examined in an adenine -induced mouse model of CKD. Expressions of inflammatory markers MCP-1, F4/80 and ICAM, fibrotic markers type IV collagen and fibronectin, and the cytokine TGF-β1 were increased in adenine-induced CKD when compared to control groups and significantly attenuated by metformin treatment. Moreover, treatment with metformin inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3, ERK1/2, and P38 and was associated with activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the kidneys of adenine-treated mice. These results indicate that metformin attenuates adenine-induced renal fibrosis through inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling pathways and activation of AMPK, independent of its glucose-lowering action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Chunling Huang
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Di Gregorio J, Robuffo I, Spalletta S, Giambuzzi G, De Iuliis V, Toniato E, Martinotti S, Conti P, Flati V. The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition as a Possible Therapeutic Target in Fibrotic Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607483. [PMID: 33409282 PMCID: PMC7779530 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which leads to scarring and loss of function of the affected organ or tissue. Indeed, the fibrotic process affects a variety of organs and tissues, with specific molecular background. However, two common hallmarks are shared: the crucial role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and the involvement of the inflammation process, that is essential for initiating the fibrotic degeneration. TGF-β in particular but also other cytokines regulate the most common molecular mechanism at the basis of fibrosis, the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT has been extensively studied, but not yet fully explored as a possible therapeutic target for fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the crosstalk between fibrosis and EMT may represent an opportunity for the development of a broadly effective anti-fibrotic therapy. Here we report the evidences of the relationship between EMT and multi-organ fibrosis, and the possible therapeutic approaches that may be developed by exploiting this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sonia Spalletta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, E. Profili Hospital, Fabriano, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Giambuzzi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Iuliis
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Martinotti
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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11
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Role of CGRP in Neuroimmune Interaction via NF-κB Signaling Genes in Glial Cells of Trigeminal Ganglia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176005. [PMID: 32825453 PMCID: PMC7503816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the trigeminal system causes the release of various neuropeptides, cytokines, and other immune mediators. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is a potent algogenic mediator, is expressed in the peripheral sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglion (TG). It affects the inflammatory responses and pain sensitivity by modulating the activity of glial cells. The primary aim of this study was to use array analysis to investigate the effect of CGRP on the glial cells of TG in regulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling genes and to further check if CGRP in the TG can affect neuron-glia activation in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. The glial cells of TG were stimulated with CGRP or Minocycline (Min) + CGRP. The effect on various genes involved in NF-κB signaling pathway was analyzed compared to no treatment control condition using a PCR array analysis. CGRP, Min + CGRP or saline was directly injected inside the TG and the effect on gene expression of Egr1, Myd88 and Akt1 and protein expression of cleaved Caspase3 (cleav Casp3) in the TG, and c-Fos and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the spinal section containing trigeminal nucleus caudalis was analyzed. Results showed that CGRP stimulation resulted in the modulation of several genes involved in the interleukin 1 signaling pathway and some genes of the tumor necrosis factor pathway. Minocycline pre-treatment resulted in the modulation of several genes in the glial cells, including anti-inflammatory genes, and neuronal activation markers. A mild increase in cleav Casp3 expression in TG and c-Fos and GFAP in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CGRP injected animals was observed. These data provide evidence that glial cells can participate in neuroimmune interaction due to CGRP in the TG via NF-κB signaling pathway.
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12
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Guo J, Zheng HJ, Zhang W, Lou W, Xia C, Han XT, Huang WJ, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu WJ. Accelerated Kidney Aging in Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1234059. [PMID: 32774664 PMCID: PMC7407029 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1234059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With aging, the kidney undergoes inexorable and progressive changes in structural and functional performance. These aging-related alterations are more obvious and serious in diabetes mellitus (DM). Renal accelerated aging under DM conditions is associated with multiple stresses such as accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The main hallmarks of cellular senescence in diabetic kidneys include cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, telomere shortening, and diabetic nephropathy-associated secretory phenotype. Lysosome-dependent autophagy and antiaging proteins Klotho and Sirt1 play a fundamental role in the accelerated aging of kidneys in DM, among which the autophagy-lysosome system is the convergent mechanism of the multiple antiaging pathways involved in renal aging under DM conditions. Metformin and the inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 are recommended due to their antiaging effects independent of antihyperglycemia, besides angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers. Additionally, diet intervention including low protein and low AGEs with antioxidants are suggested for patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, their long-term benefits still need further study. Exploring the interactive relationships among antiaging protein Klotho, Sirt1, and autophagy-lysosome system may provide insight into better satisfying the urgent medical needs of elderly patients with aging-related DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenjiao Lou
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenhui Xia
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xue Ting Han
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jun Huang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Nephrology, and Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, No. 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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13
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Chen GG, Woo PYM, Ng SCP, Wong GKC, Chan DTM, van Hasselt CA, Tong MCF, Poon WS. Impact of metformin on immunological markers: Implication in its anti-tumor mechanism. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107585. [PMID: 32473961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug, has been known to have antitumor properties for around 15 years. Although there are a number of reports attributing the antitumor function of metformin to its impact on energy homeostasis and oxygen re-distribution in tumor microenvironment, detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the past several years, there is an increasing number of publications indicating that metformin can affect various immunological components including lymphocytes, macrophages, cytokines and several key immunological molecules in both human and animal studies. These interesting results appear to be in line with emerging data that suggest associations between immune responses and energy homeostasis/oxygen re-distribution, which may explain effective impacts of metformin on immunotherapies against autoimmune diseases as well as cancers. This review article is to analyse and discuss recent development in the above areas with aim to justify metformin as a new adjuvant for immunotherapy against human cancers. We hope that our summary will help to optimize the application of metformin for various types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peter Y M Woo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie C P Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - George K C Wong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny T M Chan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles A van Hasselt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael C F Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Pan Q, Lu X, Zhao C, Liao S, Chen X, Guo F, Yang C, Liu HF. Metformin: the updated protective property in kidney disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8742-8759. [PMID: 32364526 PMCID: PMC7244070 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a frontline hypoglycemic agent, which is mainly prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus with obesity. Emerging evidence suggests that metformin also exerts protective effects against various kidney diseases. Some postulate that kidney disease is actually a metabolic disease, accompanied by nonresolving pathophysiologic pathways controlling oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, fibrosis, and senescence, as well as insufficient host defense mechanisms such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and autophagy. Metformin may interfere with these pathways by orchestrating AMPK signaling and AMPK-independent pathways to protect the kidneys from injury. Furthermore, the United States Food and Drug Administration declared metformin is safe for patients with mild or moderate kidney impairment in 2016, assuaging some conservative attitudes about metformin management in patients with renal insufficiency and broadening the scope of research on the renal protective effects of metformin. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which metformin imparts renal protection and its potential in the treatment of various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengbiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
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15
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Cai Y, Zhang H, Fan C, Zeng Y, Zou S, Wu C, Wang L, Fang S, Li P, Xue Y, Guan M. Renoprotective effects of brown adipose tissue activation in diabetic mice. J Diabetes 2019; 11:958-970. [PMID: 31020790 PMCID: PMC6899899 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been regarded as a potential target organ to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders. However, the effect of BAT activation on the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. METHODS Diabetic mice were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat diet. To activate BAT, mice were administered 1 mg/kg per day, i.p., CL316,243, a β3 -adrenergic receptor agonist, for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, serum lipids, adipokines, 24-hour urinary albumin, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and circulating microRNA (miRNA) levels were analyzed, in addition to renal pathology. Histological changes (fibrosis, inflammation) were evaluated in the kidneys, as was the expression of oxidative stress-related genes. Renal signaling pathways (fibroblast growth factor [Fgf]21/β-klotho/FGF receptor 1c and AMP-activated protein kinase[AMPK]/sirtuin 1 [Sirt1]/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α [Pgc1α]) were also evaluated. RESULTS Compared with untreated STZ-diabetic mice, CL316,243 treatment reduced blood glucose, albeit not significantly (20.58 ± 3.55 vs 23.60 ± 3.90 mM), and significantly decreased triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Simultaneously, BAT activation significantly decreased 24-hour urinary albumin (34.21 ± 6.28 vs 70.46 ± 15.81 μg/24 h; P < 0.05) and 8-OHdG, improved renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and ameliorated renal morphological abnormalities. In addition to enhancing BAT activity, CL316,243 significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations and renal Fgf21 sensitivity, and reactivated the renal AMPK/Sirt1/Pgc1α signaling pathway. Furthermore, CL316,243 treatment increased levels of some circulating miRNAs and downregulated expression of their target genes in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS Activating BAT could improve kidney injury in diabetic mice via metabolic improvements and renal AMPK activation by beneficial adipokines and miRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Adipokines/blood
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Circulating MicroRNA/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/blood
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ying Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Birth Control, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Hong‐Bin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Cun‐Xia Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHainan General HospitalHaikouChina
| | - Yan‐Mei Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shao‐Zhou Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chun‐Yan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shu Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yao‐Ming Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mei‐Ping Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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16
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Balakumar P, Sambathkumar R, Mahadevan N, Muhsinah AB, Alsayari A, Venkateswaramurthy N, Jagadeesh G. A potential role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-induced renal abnormalities: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104314. [PMID: 31229564 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an orchestrated event where epithelial cells progressively undergo biochemical changes and transition into mesenchymal-like cells by gradually losing their epithelial characteristics. EMT plays a crucial pathologic role in renal abnormalities, especially renal fibrosis. A number of bench studies suggest the potential involvement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in renal EMT process and associated renal abnormalities. EMT appears to be an important pathologic mechanism for the deleterious renal effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone, the two major RAAS components. Mechanistically, the renal RAAS-TGF-β-Smad3 signalling pathway plays an important pathologic role in EMT-associated renal abnormalities. Intriguingly, the RAAS antagonists such as losartan, telmisartan, eplerenone, and spironolactone have the potential to prevent renal EMT in bench studies. This review describes the key mechanistic role of RAAS overactivation in EMT-induced renal abnormalities. Moreover, drugs interrupting the RAAS at different levels in the cascade ameliorating the EMT-associated renal abnormalities are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nanjaian Mahadevan
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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17
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Molecular targets of fenofibrate in the cardiovascular-renal axis: A unifying perspective of its pleiotropic benefits. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Shi Y, Xu L, Tao M, Fang L, Lu J, Gu H, Ma S, Lin T, Wang Y, Bao W, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Blockade of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 alleviates renal injury associated with hyperuricemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F488-F505. [PMID: 30566000 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00234.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with the progression of kidney diseases. It remains unknown whether enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase, can regulate metabolism of serum uric acid and progression of renal injury induced by hyperuricemia. In this study, we demonstrated that blockade of EZH2 with 3-DZNeP, a selective EZH2 inhibitor, or silencing of EZH2 with siRNA inhibited uric acid-induced renal fibroblast activation and phosphorylation of Smad3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in cultured renal fibroblasts. Inhibition of EZH2 also suppressed proliferation of renal fibroblasts and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular cells. In a mouse model of renal injury induced by hyperuricemia, EZH2 and trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine27 expression levels were enhanced, which was coincident with renal damage and increased expression of lipocalin-2 and cleaved caspase-3. Inhibition of EZH2 with 3-DZNeP blocked all these responses. Furthermore, 3-DZNeP treatment decreased the level of serum uric acid and xanthine oxidase activity, alleviated renal interstitial fibrosis, inhibited activation of transforming growth factor-β/Smad3, EGFR/ERK1/2, and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways, as well as reduced expression of multiple chemokines/cytokines. Collectively, EZH2 inhibition can reduce the level of serum uric acid and alleviate renal injury and fibrosis through a mechanism associated with inhibition of multiple signaling pathways. Targeting EZH2 may be a novel strategy for the treatment of hyperuricemia-induced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiasun Lu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuchen Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Wenfang Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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