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Ortega MA, Rios L, Fraile-Martinez O, Liviu Boaru D, De Leon-Oliva D, Barrena-Blázquez S, Pereda-Cerquella C, Garrido-Gil MJ, Manteca L, Buján J, García-Honduvilla N, García-Montero C, Rios-Parra A. Bioceramic versus traditional biomaterials for endodontic sealers according to the ideal properties. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:279-292. [PMID: 37747049 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Odontology, as a scientific discipline, continuously collaborates with biomaterials engineering to enhance treatment characteristics and patients' satisfaction. Endodontics, a specialized field of dentistry, focuses on the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental disorders affecting the dental pulp, root, and surrounding tissues. A critical aspect of endodontic treatment involves the careful selection of an appropriate endodontic sealer for clinical use, as it significantly influences treatment outcomes. Traditional sealers, such as zinc oxide-eugenol, fatty acid, salicylate, epoxy resin, silicone, and methacrylate resin systems, have been extensively used for decades. However, advancements in endodontics have given rise to bioceramic-based sealers, offering improved properties and addressing new challenges in endodontic therapy. In this review, a classification of these materials and their ideal properties are presented to provide evidence-based guidance to clinicians. Physicochemical properties, including sealing ability, stability over time and space, as well as biological properties such as biocompatibility and antibacterial characteristics, along with cost-effectiveness, are essential factors influencing clinicians' decisions based on individual patient evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura Rios
- Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claude Pereda-Cerquella
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Maria J Garrido-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Rios-Parra
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Mehra N, Singh A, Kaushik M, Goud S, Battula SM. Efficacy of 2% Paradichlorobenzene, 10% Citric Acid, 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, and 0.2% Chitosan at Removing Calcium Hydroxide From the Root Canals. Cureus 2023; 15:e49607. [PMID: 38161850 PMCID: PMC10755254 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic infections often require the use of an intracanal medicament. Calcium hydroxide is the most commonly used intracanal medicament. However, retrieval of calcium hydroxide (CH) medicaments is a challenge. AIM This study evaluated the efficacy of 2% paradichlorobenzene, 10% citric acid, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 0.2% chitosan in removing calcium hydroxide from the root canals. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty single-rooted mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected for the study. After access opening, cleaning and shaping were performed following a standardized irrigation protocol, and the samples were pre-weighed for baseline weight. CH was placed in canals until the apex, and the specimen was incubated at 37 °C and 100% relative humidity for seven days. These samples were weighed again for quantitative analysis and subjected to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for volumetric analysis using ITK SNAP software (Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory (PICSL), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA). The samples were randomly divided into four groups based on the irrigant used for the removal of medicament. Group 1: 2% paradichlorobenzene; group 2: 10% citric acid; group 3: 17% EDTA; and group 4: 0.2% chitosan, all in combination with sonic agitation. After the removal of CH, weight and volumetric analyses were repeated, and the percentage difference was calculated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was done using the one-way ANOVA test for both weight and volumetric assessment, and the inter-group comparison was made using the post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS The maximum retrieval was observed with 2% paradichlorobenzene by both weight (96.75%) and volumetric (91.42%) assessment, with p=0.00 and p=0.01, respectively. This was followed by 0.2% chitosan, 10% citric acid, and the least, 17% EDTA. CONCLUSION Two percent paradichlorobenzene combined with sonic agitation was most efficient in removing CH, followed by 0.2% chitosan, 10% citric acid, and 17% EDTA chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mehra
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, IND
| | - Ankeeta Singh
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Folks, New Delhi, IND
| | - Mamta Kaushik
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, IND
| | - Soujanya Goud
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Secunderabad, IND
| | - Sai Madhuri Battula
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Army College of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
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0.1% Nano-silver mediates PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and alleviates chronic apical periodontitis in rats. Odontology 2023; 111:154-164. [PMID: 36057921 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate whether the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T-helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) balance are associated with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) relived by 0.1% nano-silver. CAP rat models were established by opening the first molars of the right and left mandible and exposing the pulp cavity to the oral cavity. CAP model was verified by cone-beam computed tomography, X-ray digital radiovisiography, and hematoxylin-eosin (H and E) staining. The rats were randomly divided into the sham, Ca(OH)2, and 0.1% nano-silver groups (n = 12 in each group) 2 weeks after surgery. The pathological changes in the apical area were detected by H and E staining. PD-1, PD-L1, RORγT, IL-17, and Foxp3 in periapical tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Th17/Treg and PD-1/PD-L1 were analyzed by flow cytometry. After 7, 14, and 21 days of 0.1% nano-silver treatment, inflammatory cells in the apical region were slightly reduced and inflammatory infiltration was relieved compared with the sham group. RORγT, IL-17, PD-1, and PD-L1 decreased and Foxp3 increased after 7, 14, and 21 days of 0.1% nano-silver treatment compared with the sham group (p < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences with Ca(OH)2 group (p > 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed that 0.1% nano-silver solution decreased Th17/Treg and PD-1/PD-L1 ratio. 0.1% Nano-silver significantly reduced the inflammation of CAP in rats. PD-1/PD-L1 was included in Th17/Treg balance restored by 0.1% nano-silver.
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Alhussain BS, Alshehri AM, Alrasheed MA, Algadhi SK, Alahmad FA. Endodontics Retreatment and Successful Removal of Endodontic Sealers Using Lasers: A Systematic Review. ANNALS OF DENTAL SPECIALTY 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/ekiqcpebrz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yazdanpanahi N, Behzadi A, Zare Jahromi M. Long-term pH Alterations in the Periradicular Area Following the Application of Calcium Hydroxide and MTA. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2021; 22:90-95. [PMID: 34150944 PMCID: PMC8206601 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2020.86534.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A rise in pH and the presence of calcium ions play an important role in prevention or management of external root resorption. PURPOSE This study assessed the long-term pH alterations in the periradicular area following the application of calcium hydroxide (CH) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) intracanal medicaments. MATERIALS AND METHOD This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 45 single-canal extracted human teeth. After decoronation and root canal instrumentation, defects (3×3×1mm) were created in the middle third of the roots. Following smear layer removal, the root surface (except for the defect) was sealed with nail varnish. Five teeth served as negative controls and were filled with distilled water. The remaining 40 teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=20) for application of MTA and CH as intr-acanal medicaments. Periapical radiographs were obtained to ensure optimal quality of obturation. After coronal sealing with glass ionomer, the teeth were incubated at 37°C, and their pH was measured at 1 and 2 weeks, and 1 and 3 months, using a pH-meter. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test and Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS The mean pH was significantly higher in CH group at 1 and 2 weeks (p< 0.01) but no difference was noted at 1 and 3 months (p= 0.52). The mean pH in both groups was significantly higher at 2 weeks compared with other time points (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION CH may be preferred for use in the first weeks following the initiation of root resorption to provide a high pH. MTA can be later applied to maintain the high pH for a longer period of time without the need for medicament exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Yazdanpanahi
- Dental Graduate Student, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Behzadi
- Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare Jahromi
- Dept. of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Laky M, Müller M, Laky B, Arslan M, Wehner C, Husejnagic S, Lettner S, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Short-term results of the combined application of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser in the treatment of periodontal disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6119-6126. [PMID: 33813638 PMCID: PMC8531101 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers have been previously used as an adjunct in periodontal therapy. The aim of this single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined application of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation in periodontal treatment. Materials and methods Twenty-two patients with at least one site of ≥ 6 mm periodontal probing depth (PPD) after mechanical debridement with curettes and sonic instruments at periodontal reevaluation were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to either a combined Nd:YAG/Er:YAG laser therapy (test group) or a “turned off” laser therapy (control group). The Nd:YAG laser was used for periodontal pocket deepithelialization and to stabilize the resulting blood clot. The Er:YAG laser was primarily used for root surface modification. PPD (mm), clinical attachment level (CAL, mm), and bleeding on probing (BOP, +/−) at the site of laser treatment were evaluated at baseline and 2 months after treatment. Results The mean improvements from baseline to 2-month follow-up for PPD were significantly better in the laser group (2.05 ± 0.82 mm) compared to the control group (0.64 ± 0.90 mm; p = 0.001). Likewise, the gain in CAL was significantly better in the laser group (1.50 ± 1.10 mm) than in the control group (0.55 ± 1.01mm; p = 0.046). Conclusions The combined application of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation as an adjunct to conventional non-surgical therapy showed a significant beneficial effect on periodontal treatment results. Clinical relevance Combined Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation could be a useful procedure additionally to conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy to improve periodontal treatment results. Clinical trial registration ISRCTN registry #ISRCTN32132076
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laky
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Müller
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brenda Laky
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muazzez Arslan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Wehner
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Selma Husejnagic
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Lettner
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Division for Dental Student Training and Patient Care, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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