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Laky M, Müller M, Laky B, Arslan M, Wehner C, Husejnagic S, Lettner S, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Short-term results of the combined application of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser in the treatment of periodontal disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6119-6126. [PMID: 33813638 PMCID: PMC8531101 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers have been previously used as an adjunct in periodontal therapy. The aim of this single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined application of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation in periodontal treatment. Materials and methods Twenty-two patients with at least one site of ≥ 6 mm periodontal probing depth (PPD) after mechanical debridement with curettes and sonic instruments at periodontal reevaluation were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to either a combined Nd:YAG/Er:YAG laser therapy (test group) or a “turned off” laser therapy (control group). The Nd:YAG laser was used for periodontal pocket deepithelialization and to stabilize the resulting blood clot. The Er:YAG laser was primarily used for root surface modification. PPD (mm), clinical attachment level (CAL, mm), and bleeding on probing (BOP, +/−) at the site of laser treatment were evaluated at baseline and 2 months after treatment. Results The mean improvements from baseline to 2-month follow-up for PPD were significantly better in the laser group (2.05 ± 0.82 mm) compared to the control group (0.64 ± 0.90 mm; p = 0.001). Likewise, the gain in CAL was significantly better in the laser group (1.50 ± 1.10 mm) than in the control group (0.55 ± 1.01mm; p = 0.046). Conclusions The combined application of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation as an adjunct to conventional non-surgical therapy showed a significant beneficial effect on periodontal treatment results. Clinical relevance Combined Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation could be a useful procedure additionally to conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy to improve periodontal treatment results. Clinical trial registration ISRCTN registry #ISRCTN32132076
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laky
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Müller
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brenda Laky
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Muazzez Arslan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Wehner
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Selma Husejnagic
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Lettner
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Division for Dental Student Training and Patient Care, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Otomo K, Goto A, Yamanaka Y, Hori T, Nakayama H, Nemoto T. High-peak-power 918-nm laser light source based two-photon spinning-disk microscopy for green fluorophores. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:238-242. [PMID: 32703417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High-speed imaging of living specimen was performed using two-photon microscopy equipped with a spinning-disk scanning unit. Typically, a high-peak-power laser light source is needed to simultaneously induce two-photon excitation processes at several hundred focal points, generating the limitations of excitable fluorophores. Therefore, a high-peak-power neodymium-based 918-nm laser light source was used for intravital imaging of the most popular fluorophores, green fluorescent proteins. As a result, the proposed system obtained approximately 30 times brighter fluorescent signal than that obtained using a conventional mode-locked titanium:sapphire laser light source. Furthermore, the system visualized four-dimensional (xyz-t) calcium responses of pancreatic acinar cells agonist stimulations in the living G-CaMP7-expressing mouse with 60 million μm3 volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Otomo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Advanced Studies Sciences (SOKENDAI), 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan.
| | - Ai Goto
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamanaka
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan
| | - Takashi Hori
- IMRA America, Inc., 1044 Woodridge Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakayama
- Yokogawa Electric Corporation, 2-3 Hokuyoudai, Kanazawa, 920-0177, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Advanced Studies Sciences (SOKENDAI), 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Kita 14 Nishi 9, Kita, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan
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Grzech-Leśniak K, Nowicka J, Pajączkowska M, Matys J, Szymonowicz M, Kuropka P, Rybak Z, Dobrzyński M, Dominiak M. Effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans: in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:129-137. [PMID: 30145724 PMCID: PMC6343019 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Nd:YAG laser with flat-top handpiece on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. The incidence of C. albicans (opportunistic commensal) and S. mutans (facultatively anaerobic) infections is increasing, despite available treatments. Cultures of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans were irradiated using Nd:YAG laser (LightWalker, Fotona) with flat-top handpiece (Genova, LightWalker, Fotona) at the following parameters: group G1: 0.25 W, 10 Hz, 15 s, 3 J and group G2: 1 W, 10 Hz, 60s, 59 J. The results were evaluated directly and 24 h after irradiation using a quantitative culture method (estimation of colony-forming units in 1 ml of suspension, cfu/ml), and microscopic analysis with Janus green stain and compared with control group in which laser was not applied. C. albicans was reduced by 20 up to 54% for G1, and for G2 by 10 up to 60% directly after the application. The cfu/ml values for S. mutans decreased by 13% (p = 0.1771) for G1 and 89% (p < 0.0001) for G2. In both test groups 24 h after the application, the number of colony-forming units decreased by 15–46% for G1 and by 15–64% for G2. The arrested cell division, increasing the surface area and increasing the number of metabolically inactive cells, were observed in morphometric analysis. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses revealed a reduction in cell number and a significant decrease of cell metabolism after laser application for both C. albicans and S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Department Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowicka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pajączkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Matys
- Private Dental Practice, Lipowa 18, 67-400, Wschowa, Poland. .,"Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Szymonowicz
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rybak
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marzena Dominiak
- Department Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425, Wrocław, Poland
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Grzech-Leśniak K, Sculean A, Gašpirc B. Laser reduction of specific microorganisms in the periodontal pocket using Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers: a randomized controlled clinical study. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1461-70. [PMID: 29766330 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and clinical outcomes following nonsurgical treatment by either scaling and root planing, combination of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers, or by Er:YAG laser treatment alone. The study involved 60 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis, randomly assigned into one of three treatment groups of 20 patients. The first group received scaling and root planing by hand instruments (SRP group), the second group received Er:YAG laser treatment alone (Er group), and the third group received combined treatment with Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers (NdErNd group). Microbiological samples, taken from the periodontal pockets at baseline and 6 months after treatments, were assessed with PET Plus tests. The combined NdErNd laser (93.0%), followed closely by Er:YAG laser (84.9%), treatment resulted in the highest reduction of all bacteria count after 6 months, whereas SRP (46.2%) failed to reduce Treponema denticola, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Capnocytophaga gingivalis. Full-mouth plaque and bleeding on probing scores dropped after 6 months and were the lowest in both laser groups. The combination of NdErNd resulted in higher probing pocket depth reduction and gain of clinical attachment level (1.99 ± 0.23 mm) compared to SRP (0.86 ± 0.13 mm) or Er:YAG laser alone (0.93 ± 0.20 mm) in 4-6 mm-deep pockets. Within their limits, the present results provide support for the combination of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers to additionally improve the microbiological and clinical outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy in patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.
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