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Stiegler C, Kapitza C, Weber F, Patalakh W, Schäfer C. Case report: A rare cause of intestinal perforation in a third-trimester pregnant woman. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1387043. [PMID: 39021822 PMCID: PMC11251912 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1387043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An acute abdomen is a medical emergency that requires early diagnosis and treatment. In pregnancy, this process is significantly more challenging, and radiological findings are sometimes unclear due to the enlarged uterus displacing other structures. Moreover, endometriosis-related complications are rare, and the disease is often undiagnosed. Case presentation We report a case of acute perforation of the cecum and appendix during pregnancy (35 weeks of gestation) caused by a previously unknown, deep infiltrating endometriosis with focal ulceration of the affected bowel wall, which sonographically seemed to be acute appendicitis. Conclusion Despite the relatively low risk, clinicians should be aware of possible endometriosis-associated complications in pregnancy with potentially life-threatening events, even in previously unknown endometriosis. Further studies should evaluate intestinal complications during pregnancy in relation to previous treatment of intestinal endometriosis (conservative vs. surgical).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Stiegler
- Medical Department II, Klinikum Neumarkt, Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany
| | - Christopher Kapitza
- Medical Department II, Klinikum Neumarkt, Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wladimir Patalakh
- Department for Surgery, Klinikum Neumarkt, Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany
| | - Claus Schäfer
- Medical Department II, Klinikum Neumarkt, Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, Germany
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2
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Mueller C, Luna Russo M, Schabl L, Kessler H. Multidisciplinary surgical management of severe posterior compartment endometriosis. Surg Endosc 2024:10.1007/s00464-024-10969-7. [PMID: 38898342 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, and hormone-dependent disease that affects approximately 10% of women in reproductive age. Endometriosis is categorized into different types, as superficial, deep, and ovarian endometriosis. When deep endometriosis occurs, the sigmoid and rectum are often affected (Becker et al. in Hum Reprod Open, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoac009 ). In the following article, we aim to demonstrate stepwise surgery for stage IV endometriosis involving the anterior rectosigmoid. METHODS We present the case of a 26-year-old obese (BMI 35.87) woman with severe posterior pelvic compartment endometriosis, persistent abdominal pain, and constipation. On preoperative MRI of the pelvis, a 13 cm conglomerate incorporating both ovaries (kissing ovaries), uterine serosa, and the anterior rectosigmoid was observed (Fig. 1). Accordingly, interdisciplinary laparoscopic surgery with a gynecologist and colorectal surgeon was planned. RESULTS The total laparoscopic approach is demonstrated step by step in the video. CONCLUSIONS Deep endometriosis is a rare condition. When involvement of other organs (e.g., the bowel) is suspected, preoperative endometriosis-specific imaging should be performed for optimal surgical planning. Experienced endometriosis multidisciplinary surgical teams can provide specialized and high-quality care for patients suffering from this debilitating disease (Luna Russo et al. in Minerva Ginecol, 2020, https://doi.org/10.23736/S0026-4784.20.04544-X ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Mueller
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Miguel Luna Russo
- Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lukas Schabl
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hermann Kessler
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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3
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Delgadillo Chabolla LE, Alpuing Radilla LA, Koythong T, Sunkara S, Mendez Y, Wang Q, Guan X. Exploring the feasibility of indocyanine green fluorescence for intraoperative ureteral visualisation in robotic transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopy surgery during endometriosis resection. Int J Med Robot 2024; 20:e2636. [PMID: 38757434 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the feasibility of use of indocyanine green (ICG) in identifying and minimising urinary tract injury during surgical resection of endometriosis through robotic transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopy surgery (RvNOTES). METHODS We conducted a retrospective case series in two academic tertiary care hospitals. We examined 53 patients who underwent RvNOTES hysterectomy with planned endometriosis resection. RESULTS The study involved 53 patients undergoing RvNOTES with ICG fluorescence for endometriosis resection. Mean patient age was 37.98 ± 6.65 years. Operative time averaged 181.32 ± 53.94 min, with estimated blood loss at 45.57 ± 33.62 mL. Postoperative stay averaged 0.23 ± 0.47 days. No ICG-related complications occurred. CONCLUSION No complications occurred with ICG fluorescence in RvNOTES. It appears to be a safe option for ureteral localisation and preservation. ICG fluorescence is widely used in diverse medical specialities for identifying ureters during complex surgeries. Larger studies are needed to firmly establish its advantages in intraoperative ureteral visualisation during RvNOTES for deep infiltrative endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda A Alpuing Radilla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tamisa Koythong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sowmya Sunkara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yamely Mendez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qianqing Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoming Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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4
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Thanasa A, Thanasa E, Antoniou IR, Kontogeorgis G, Gerokostas EE, Kamaretsos E, Paraoulakis I, Simopoulou E, Mousia M, Thanasas I. Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: Early Diagnosis of a Rare Iatrogenic Complication Following Cesarean Section. Cureus 2024; 16:e56284. [PMID: 38623122 PMCID: PMC11018261 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal wall endometriosis is a rare form of extrapelvic endometriosis, frequently diagnosed with delay in most cases. It is typically iatrogenic and primarily associated with procedures such as cesarean sections or other gynecological surgeries. In our patient, endometriosis at the laparotomy scar was diagnosed relatively early, approximately two months after the onset of symptoms, which manifested 10 months after the last cesarean section. The patient, who had an obstetric history of three cesarean sections, presented at the Gynecology outpatient clinic of the General Hospital of Trikala, complaining of pain associated with menstruation located in the lower abdomen, near the surgical scar. Based on clinical and imaging findings, abdominal wall endometriosis was suspected, leading to a decision for wide excision of the endometriotic lesion. Histological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and three months after the surgery, the patient reported complete resolution of symptoms. This case report emphasizes the importance of integrating advanced diagnostic methods alongside classic clinical findings for the accurate diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis. It also highlights the contribution of surgical treatment through wide excision of the endometriotic lesion, in facilitating early diagnosis, achieving cure, and minimizing the risk of disease recurrence in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Thanasa
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Efthymia Thanasa
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | | | | | - Evangelos Kamaretsos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Trikala, Trikala, GRC
| | - Ioannis Paraoulakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Trikala, Trikala, GRC
| | | | - Maria Mousia
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Trikala, Trikala, GRC
| | - Ioannis Thanasas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Trikala, Trikala, GRC
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5
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Tan S, Leonardi M, Lo G, Lee E. Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometriosis in infertile women: Ovarian endometrioma, deep endometriosis, and superficial endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2024; 92:102450. [PMID: 38096645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex chronic inflammatory process characterised by the presence of endometrial-like glandular tissue outside the uterine cavity, typically within the pelvic structures. This condition affects up to 10-15 % of women and those assigned female at birth, and can result in chronic pelvic pain and in/subfertility. Treatment goals include medical, surgical options and alternative therapies. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) is the currently recommended first line investigation for endometriosis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reserved for those with equivocal ultrasound findings. In this paper, we aim to outline the commonly seen sonographic appearances of endometriosis divided into anterior, middle and posterior pelvic compartments. Limitations to ultrasound imaging include high operator dependence and patient factors. New imaging techniques and research into the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) into the detection of endometriosis is currently underway, with possibility of reduced diagnostic delay and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Tan
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Mathew Leonardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Glen Lo
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin University Medical School, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Western Ultrasound for Women, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Emmeline Lee
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Western Ultrasound for Women, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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6
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Gaillard M, Meylaerts L, Govaerts K. Extrapelvic Endometriosis Mimicking Peritoneal Surface Malignancy: Case Report and a Review of Literature. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:131-143. [PMID: 37359914 PMCID: PMC10284773 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrapelvic endometriosis is a rare presentation of endometriosis with atypical clinical symptoms. It can mimic peritoneal surface malignancy, as well as some abdominal infectious diseases. A 29-year-old Moroccan woman presented with abdominal pain, progressive abdominal distention, and an intermittent inflammatory syndrome. Imaging revealed multiple, progressively growing abdominal cysts. She had elevated tumor markers CA125 and CA19.9. Despite thorough investigation, several differential diagnoses persisted for a long time. Definitive pathological diagnosis could only be established after debulking surgery. Literature review on malignant and benign conditions causing multicystic abdominal distention is provided. When definitive diagnosis is not established, but suspicion for peritoneal malignancy remains, a debulking procedure can be undertaken. Organ preservation can be pursued whenever benign disease is still considered. In case of malignancy, short-term (curative) debulking procedure with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gaillard
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | | | - Kim Govaerts
- Department of Radiology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium
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7
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Klein S, Tourangeau-Young R, Biglione A. Appendiceal Endometriosis Presenting As Chronic Appendicitis: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e37825. [PMID: 37214070 PMCID: PMC10198667 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of endometriosis has multiple theories, with controversy over which may demonstrate the prominent pathophysiology. The most common extra-pelvic organ system affected by endometriosis is the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal endometriosis (GE) accounts for 3 to 37% of all endometriosis cases, and appendiceal endometriosis is present in around 3% of GE cases, therefore constituting less than 1% of all endometriosis cases. In this report, we present a 24-year-old female with a past medical history significant for endometriosis status post two excisional laparoscopies who presented with eight months' duration of right lower quadrant pain, constant and stabbing, with rebound tenderness. Appendectomy and histopathology demonstrated focal endometriosis, diffuse serosal fibrovascular adhesions involving the appendiceal serosa/subserosa, as well as a dilated lumen filled with hemorrhagic content. When the appendix is not considered in endometriosis pathology, patients are at increased risk for unresolved pain and further laparoscopic procedures. Prophylactic appendectomy appears to be a worthwhile consideration in patients with chronic pelvic pain, given the high frequency of appendiceal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Klein
- Internal Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA
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8
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Szukiewicz D. Aberrant epigenetic regulation of estrogen and progesterone signaling at the level of endometrial/endometriotic tissue in the pathomechanism of endometriosis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:193-235. [PMID: 36863794 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a term referring to a condition whereby the endometrial tissue is found outside the uterine cavity. This progressive and debilitating condition affects up to 15% of women of reproductive age. Due to the fact that endometriosis cells may express estrogen receptors (ERα, Erβ, GPER) and progesterone (P4) receptors (PR-A, PR-B), their growth, cyclic proliferation, and breakdown are similar to the processes occurring in the endometrium. The underlying etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are still not fully explained. The retrograde transport of viable menstrual endometrial cells with the retained ability to attach within the pelvic cavity, proliferate, differentiate and invade into the surrounding tissue explains the most widely accepted implantation theory. Endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) with clonogenic potential constitute the most abundant population of cells within endometrium that resemble the properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Accordingly, formation of the endometriotic foci in endometriosis may be due to a kind of EnSCs dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates the underestimated role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hormone-mediated epigenetic modifications of the genome in EnSCs or even MSCs were attributed an important role in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The roles of excess estrogen exposure and P4 resistance were also found to be crucial in the development of epigenetic homeostasis failure. Therefore, the aim of this review was to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the epigenetic background of EnSCs and MSCs and the changed properties due to estrogen/P4 imbalances in the context of the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology & Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Therapeutic effects of melatonin on endometriosis, targeting molecular pathways: Current knowledge and future perspective. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154368. [PMID: 36774757 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis, the very serious disease in women creates a huge financial burden worldwide, which is comparable to diabetes mellitus. In addition to the typical pelvic pain, endometriosis is related to low life quality and decreased work efficiency; clinical consequences include mood complaints, metabolic impairments, inflammation, immunologic problems, and elevated malignancy risks. Several risk factors are correlated with endometriosis including elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress, long-lasting inflammation, raised immune tolerance, as well as autoimmunity. Melatonin is a natural molecule present throughout both the plant and animal kingdoms. It has numerous functions as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Due to the anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-invasive features of melatonin, it performances as a beneficial agent to limit endometriosis; this involves several pathways including antiestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects, as well as reducing the growth of E2-induced endometriotic tissue. Moreover, melatonin can favor sleep quality and decrease the unwanted signs in the patients. However, most of the data on melatonin accured from experimental works and additional clinical trials are needed. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the influence of melatonin on endometriosis. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: Not applicable.
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10
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de Carvalho MDSR, Pellino G, Pereira AMG, Bray-Beraldo F, Lopes RGC, Di Saverio S. Prevalence of urinary dysfunction after minimally invasive surgery for deep rectosigmoid endometriosis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:83. [PMID: 36773124 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and progression of lower urinary tract symptoms following laparoscopic surgery for deep-infiltrating endometriosis of the rectosigmoid and identify preoperative factors associated with worse postoperative outcomes. METHODS Prospective, observational study. SETTINGS single-center, referral hospital for endometriosis. Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for deep-infiltrating endometriosis of the rectosigmoid colon between October 2016 and October 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES urinary function was assessed with the validated Portuguese language version of the International Prostate Symptom Score, which is also used in women. The score was collected before and after surgery. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre and postoperative scores and the chi-square test compared symptoms categorized by severity. RESULTS Fifty-three patients were assessed and 44 were included. Concerning urinary symptoms after surgery, the irritative symptoms prevailed over the obstructive ones. Additionally, 58.8% and 54.5% of the women reported moderate or severe symptoms at pre and postoperative, respectively. In at least one questionnaire category, the postoperative questionnaire scores increased in ten (22.7%) participants. A statistically significant difference was found comparing the changes from absent/mild to moderate/severe IPSS categories (P = 0.039). No significant changes were identified in any of the International Prostate Symptom Score pre and postoperatively (P = 0.876). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of pre and postoperative urinary symptoms. Patients with preoperative moderate/severe International Prostate Symptom Score are at risk of persisting urinary dysfunction after surgery for rectosigmoid deep endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Sousa Ribeiro de Carvalho
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo Street, 1800, São Paulo, Vila Clementino, CEP 04039-004, Brazil.
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Colorectal Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Gomes Pereira
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo Street, 1800, São Paulo, Vila Clementino, CEP 04039-004, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bray-Beraldo
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Coloproctology, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Guedes Coelho Lopes
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, Pedro de Toledo Street, 1800, São Paulo, Vila Clementino, CEP 04039-004, Brazil
| | - Salomone Di Saverio
- Cambridge Endometriosis & Endoscopic Surgery Unit (CEESU) and Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of General Surgery, University of Insubria, University Hospital of Varese, ASST Sette Laghi, Regione Lombardia, Italy
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11
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Alsahabi J, Dendini M, Al-Zahrani EF, Alosiami A, Bamanie E. Paraurethral Endometriosis as a Common Pathology in an Uncommon Location: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature. Cureus 2023; 15:e35024. [PMID: 36938183 PMCID: PMC10022841 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraurethral endometriosis is an extremely rare condition. To the best of our knowledge, only seven cases with details on variable risk factors have been reported in the English literature. Herein, we present the case of a third nulliparous patient described in the literature at the time of diagnosis. A 30-year-old woman presented with mild urinary symptoms. A well-defined 2.3 cm paraurethral cystic lesion was found on clinical examination, and MRI findings were suggestive of hemorrhagic content, with no evidence of pelvic endometriosis. Complete surgical excision was performed, and the patient's symptoms improved. The patient experienced no recurrence for 10 months postoperatively. The histopathological findings were suggestive of endometriosis. These findings might indicate that embryonic remnants are possible causes of the pathogenesis of paraurethral endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Alsahabi
- Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Division, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammad Dendini
- Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Division, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Eman F Al-Zahrani
- Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Division, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz Alosiami
- Radiology, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Radiology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Radiology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Elham Bamanie
- Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Division, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
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Metzemaekers J, Blikkendaal M, v. Nieuwenhuizen K, Bronsgeest K, Rhemrev J, Smeets M, English J, Jansen F, Both S, Twijnstra A. Preoperative pain measurements in correlation to deep endometriosis classification with Enzian. Deep endometriosis classification in relation to pain. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2022; 14:245-253. [DOI: 10.52054/fvvo.14.3.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deep Endometriosis (DE) classification studies with Enzian never compared solitary (A, B, C, F), and combinations of anatomical locations (A&B, A&C, B&C, A&B&C), in correlation to pain. Therefore, the results of these studies are challenging to translate to the clinical situation.
Objectives: We studied pain symptoms and their correlation with the solitary and combinations of anatomical locations of deep endometriosis lesion(s) classified by the Enzian score.
Materials and Methods: A prospective multi-centre study was conducted with data from university and non-university hospitals. A total of 419 surgical DE cases were collected with the web-based application called EQUSUM (www.equsum.org).
Main outcome measures: Preoperative reported numeric rating scale (NRS) were collected along with the Enzian classification. Baseline characteristics, pain scores, surgical procedure and extent of the disease were also collected.
Results: In general, more extensive involvement of DE does not lead to an increase in the numerical rating scale for pain measures. However, dysuria and bladder involvement do show a clear correlation AUC 0.62 (SE 0.04, CI 0.54-0.71, p< 0.01). Regarding the predictive value of dyschezia, we found a weak, but significant correlation with ureteric involvement; AUC 0.60 (SE 0.04, CI 0.53-0.67, p< 0.01).
Conclusions:TPain symptoms poorly correlate with anatomical locations of deep endometriosis in almost all pain scores, with the exception of bladder involvement and dysuria which did show a correlation. Also, dyschezia seems to have predictive value for DE ureteric involvement and therefore MRI or ultrasound imaging (ureter and kidney) could be recommended in the preoperative workup of these patients.
What’s new? Dyschezia might have a predictive value in detecting ureteric involvement.
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13
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Szukiewicz D. Epigenetic regulation and T-cell responses in endometriosis – something other than autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943839. [PMID: 35935991 PMCID: PMC9355085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like glands and stroma located outside the uterine cavity. This common, estrogen dependent, inflammatory condition affects up to 15% of reproductive-aged women and is a well-recognized cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite the still unknown etiology of endometriosis, much evidence suggests the participation of epigenetic mechanisms in the disease etiopathogenesis. The main rationale is based on the fact that heritable phenotype changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence are common triggers for hormonal, immunological, and inflammatory disorders, which play a key role in the formation of endometriotic foci. Epigenetic mechanisms regulating T-cell responses, including DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modifications, deserve attention because tissue-resident T lymphocytes work in concert with organ structural cells to generate appropriate immune responses and are functionally shaped by organ-specific environmental conditions. Thus, a failure to precisely regulate immune cell transcription may result in compromised immunological integrity of the organ with an increased risk of inflammatory disorders. The coexistence of endometriosis and autoimmunity is a well-known occurrence. Recent research results indicate regulatory T-cell (Treg) alterations in endometriosis, and an increased number of highly active Tregs and macrophages have been found in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis. Elimination of the regulatory function of T cells and an imbalance between T helper cells of the Th1 and Th2 types have been reported in the endometria of women with endometriosis-associated infertility. This review aims to present the state of the art in recognition epigenetic reprogramming of T cells as the key factor in the pathophysiology of endometriosis in the context of T-cell-related autoimmunity. The new potential therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic modulation and/or adoptive transfer of T cells will also be outlined.
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14
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Kiyokawa T. Peritoneal Pathology Review: Mullerian, Mucinous and Mesothelial Lesions. Surg Pathol Clin 2022; 15:259-276. [PMID: 35715161 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the pathology of selected benign and malignant lesions of the female peritoneum and their often-encountered differential diagnoses. It includes endometriosis and its related lesions, endosalpingiosis, pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) and related ovarian/appendiceal pathology, and malignant and benign mesothelial tumors. The current terminology associated with PMP is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kiyokawa
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishimbashi Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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15
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Lukac S, Schmid M, Pfister K, Janni W, Schäffler H, Dayan D. Extragenital Endometriosis in the Differential Diagnosis of Non- Gynecological Diseases. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 119:361-367. [PMID: 35477509 PMCID: PMC9472266 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic, benign disease that affects approximately 10% of women of childbearing age. Its characteristic clinical features are dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, dysuria, dyspareunia, and infertility. The manifestations of extragenital endometriosis (EE) are a diagnostic challenge, as this disease can mimic other diseases due to its unusual location with infiltration of various organs and corresponding symptoms. METHODS This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search of the literature on the commonest extragenital sites of endometriosis, including the relevant current guideline. RESULTS Current evidence on the treatment of extragenital endometriosis consists largely of cohort studies and cross-sectional studies. The treatment is either surgical and/or conservative (e.g., hormonal therapy). Gastrointestinal endometriosis is the most common form of EE, affecting the rectum and sigmoid colon in nearly 90% of cases and typically presenting with dyschezia. Urogenital endometriosis is the second most common form of EE. It affects the bladder in more than 85% of cases and may present with dysuria, hematuria, or irritable bladder syndrome. The diaphragm is the most common site of thoracic endometri - osis, potentially presenting with period-associated shoulder pain or catamenial pneumothorax. Endometriosis affecting a nerve often presents with sciatica. In abdominal wall endometriosis, painful nodules arise in scars from prior abdominal surgery. CONCLUSION There is, as yet, no causally directed treatment for chronic endometriosis. The treatment is decided upon individually in discussion with the patient, in consideration of risk factors and after assessment of the benefits and risks. Timely diagnosis is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lukac
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marinus Schmid
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Pfister
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Henning Schäffler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Davut Dayan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Chan Sun M, Sunnoo K, Vencatachellum I. Learning to live with endometriosis: Findings from a phenomenological study among women in Mauritius, a state in the Indian Ocean. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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17
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Horn LC, Höhn AK, Burghaus S, Schäfer SD, Ulrich UA, Schmidt D. [S2k guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis-Recommendations for pathology]. DER PATHOLOGE 2021; 43:117-125. [PMID: 34596734 PMCID: PMC8888474 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Die vorliegende Übersicht fasst die relevanten Aspekte der S2k-Leitlinie Endometriose zusammen. Die Empfehlungen umfassen die Aufarbeitung und Befunderhebung bei Biopsien und Resektaten, die bei der klinischen Diagnose einer Endometriose entnommen wurden. Die Leitlinie berücksichtigt neben praktischen Aspekten der Pathologie ebenso die klinischen Notwendigkeiten an die Histopathologie für eine optimale Diagnostik und Therapie der Patientinnen. Basierend auf der in der pathologischen Literatur gebräuchlichsten Definition der Endometriose des Corpus uteri (Adenomyosis uteri) wurde diese in der Leitlinie definiert als der Nachweis des Endometrioseherdes im Myometrium in einem Abstand zur endomyometranen Grenze von einem mittelgroßen Gesichtsfeld (100fache Vergrößerung), was metrisch rund 2,5 mm entspricht. Bei Darmresektaten soll zum Status der Resektionsränder Stellung genommen werden. Ebenso definiert werden Anforderungen im Kontext endometrioseassoziierter Karzinome (z. B. Hormonrezeptorbestimmungen, immunhistochemische Untersuchung auf Ausfall der DNA-Mismatch-Reparaturproteine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Christian Horn
- Abteilung Mamma‑, Gynäko- & Perinatalpathologie, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Liebigstraße 26, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.
| | - Anne Kathrin Höhn
- Abteilung Mamma‑, Gynäko- & Perinatalpathologie, Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Liebigstraße 26, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
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18
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Alvarado LER, Bahmad H, Mejia O, Hollembeak H, Poppiti R, Howard L, Muddasani K. Rectal endometriosis presenting as toxic megacolon. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2021; 11:e2021319. [PMID: 34540725 PMCID: PMC8432386 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2021.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bowel is the most common site of extragenital endometriosis, with involvement of the locoregional sigmoid colon and anterior rectum seen most often. The clinical presentation varies depending on how soon patients seek medical care, thus requiring changes in management strategies. Endometriosis can cause a life-threatening surgical emergency with progressive obliteration of the bowel lumen leading to obstruction and late complications including toxic megacolon and transmural necrosis. Case presentation We report the case of a 41-year-old woman presenting with an acute abdomen and complete large bowel obstruction complicated by sepsis and toxic megacolon. The patient underwent emergency total colectomy with ileostomy. Medical history was significant for chronic, vague, and episodic lower abdominal pain self-medicated with herbal tea and laxatives. Pathologic examination demonstrated colonic endometriosis within the bowel wall as the cause of obstruction, ischemia, and transmural necrosis. Conclusions Although a rare clinical entity, this case highlights two important points. First, it demonstrates the value of performing proper and complete clinical work up to rule out or in all possible causes of colonic obstruction, including intestinal endometriosis. Second, it suggests a potential benefit of a formalized multidisciplinary approach, including surgery, in the management of medically unresponsive endometriosis. In conclusion, this case shows that endometriosis can cause life-threatening colonic obstruction in women of childbearing age. Prompt early intervention is warranted, particularly when obstruction is only partial and ischemia has not supervened, to conceivably prevent the development of a toxic megacolon requiring colectomy and avoid late complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisham Bahmad
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Odille Mejia
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Heather Hollembeak
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miami Beach, FL, USA.,Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lydia Howard
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Kiranmayi Muddasani
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Department of General Surgery, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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19
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Ring-Enhancing Lesion: A Rare Computed Tomographic and Ultrasounographic Finding of Extrapelvic Endometriosis. J Emerg Med 2021; 61:e123-e125. [PMID: 34511298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Kho Lily CL, Goh C, Lim YK. Isolated Bladder Endometriosis in a Patient With Previous Cesarean Sections. J Med Cases 2021; 11:370-373. [PMID: 34434349 PMCID: PMC8383495 DOI: 10.14740/jmc3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Urological endometriosis is rare and accounts for approximately 1% of women with endometriosis. The pathophysiology of bladder endometriosis may be divided into two different causes, namely primary and secondary. The primary form occurs spontaneously and manifests in a form of a generalized pelvic disease whereas the secondary form is thought to be iatrogenic and typically occurs after pelvic surgery such as Cesarean section or hysterectomy. We present a case report on a patient presenting with an invasive bladder mass initially thought to be from a pelvic malignancy. The final histology showed isolated bladder endometriosis. She had a significant past medical history of two previous Cesarean sections. A review of her magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images demonstrated the presence of a Cesarean scar niche which may be linked to her bladder endometriosis. There is a need to improve awareness of the possible link between Cesarean scar niche with bladder endometriosis. This is important as it raises the clinical question of whether appropriate repair of Cesarean scar niches can prevent future complications such as bladder endometriosis which can potentially be associated with significant morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chye Lee Kho Lily
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Charissa Goh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yong Kuei Lim
- Timothy Lim Clinic for Women and Cancer Surgery, Mount Alvernia Hospital, Singapore
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21
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Szukiewicz D, Stangret A, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Olivares EG, Soriţău O, Suşman S, Szewczyk G. Estrogen- and Progesterone (P4)-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications of Endometrial Stromal Cells (EnSCs) and/or Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) in the Etiopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1174-1193. [PMID: 33411206 PMCID: PMC8316205 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common chronic inflammatory condition in which endometrial tissue appears outside the uterine cavity. Because ectopic endometriosis cells express both estrogen and progesterone (P4) receptors, they grow and undergo cyclic proliferation and breakdown similar to the endometrium. This debilitating gynecological disease affects up to 15% of reproductive aged women. Despite many years of research, the etiopathogenesis of endometrial lesions remains unclear. Retrograde transport of the viable menstrual endometrial cells with retained ability for attachment within the pelvic cavity, proliferation, differentiation and subsequent invasion into the surrounding tissue constitutes the rationale for widely accepted implantation theory. Accordingly, the most abundant cells in the endometrium are endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs). These cells constitute a particular population with clonogenic activity that resembles properties of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Thus, a significant role of stem cell-based dysfunction in formation of the initial endometrial lesions is suspected. There is increasing evidence that the role of epigenetic mechanisms and processes in endometriosis have been underestimated. The importance of excess estrogen exposure and P4 resistance in epigenetic homeostasis failure in the endometrial/endometriotic tissue are crucial. Epigenetic alterations regarding transcription factors of estrogen and P4 signaling pathways in MSCs are robust in endometriotic tissue. Thus, perspectives for the future may include MSCs and EnSCs as the targets of epigenetic therapies in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis. Here, we reviewed the current known changes in the epigenetic background of EnSCs and MSCs due to estrogen/P4 imbalances in the context of etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stangret
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique G. Olivares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Soriţău
- Laboratory of Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology, Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii St, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Suşman
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Hatieganu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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An Unusual Cause of Large Bowel Obstruction in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis. ACG Case Rep J 2021; 8:e00638. [PMID: 34307716 PMCID: PMC8294864 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a rare cause of large bowel obstruction and has been infrequently reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We present an unusual case of a young woman with ulcerative colitis, who presented with a large bowel obstruction with colonic stricture and peripancreatic mass concerning for malignancy. The evaluation revealed endometriosis, and her large bowel obstruction was successfully managed with leuprolide and colonic stenting.
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23
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Iwamuro M, Tanaka T, Sugihara Y, Harada K, Hiraoka S, Kondo Y, Okada H. Two Cases of Endometriosis in the Cecum Detected by Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography with Air/Carbon Dioxide Insufflation. Intern Med 2021; 60:1697-1701. [PMID: 33390498 PMCID: PMC8222140 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6418-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report two patients with endometriosis in the cecum. Both patients presented with a protruding, subepithelial tumor on colonoscopy and were diagnosed with cecal endometriosis after surgical resection. It is notable that the cecal lesions were not initially identified on computed tomography (CT), while CT colonography with air/carbon dioxide insufflation resulted in the detection of the cecal tumor. These cases highlight the possibility of false-negative results on conventional CT in patients with cecal endometriosis. We consider CT colonography with air/carbon dioxide insufflation useful for detecting cecal tumors in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | | | - Keita Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Sakiko Hiraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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24
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Carbone MG, Campo G, Papaleo E, Marazziti D, Maremmani I. The Importance of a Multi-Disciplinary Approach to the Endometriotic Patients: The Relationship between Endometriosis and Psychic Vulnerability. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081616. [PMID: 33920306 PMCID: PMC8069439 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition, which is distinguished by the presence of the endometrial-like glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Pain and infertility are the most commonly expressed symptoms, occurring in 60% and 40% of cases, respectively. Women with endometriosis, especially those with pelvic pain, also have a greater vulnerability to several psychiatric disorders. There is, in particular, a tendency to contract affective or anxiety disorders as well as panic-agoraphobic and substance use disorders. Endometriosis with pelvic pain, infertility and psychic vulnerability usually leads to disability and a markedly lower quality of life for women of reproductive age. Thus, the burden of endometriosis is not limited to the symptoms and dysfunctions of the disease; it extends to the social, working and emotional spheres, leading to a severe impairment of global functioning. An analysis of scientific literature revealed a close relationship between specific temperamental traits, the expression of several psychiatric symptoms, chronicity of pain, risk of substance use and lower probability of a positive outcome. Endometriosis symptoms and the impact of related psychological consequences, increased vulnerability and the possible onset of psychiatric symptoms may influence coping strategies and weaken resilience, so triggering a vicious cycle leading to a marked deterioration in the quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach consisting of a medical team composed of gynecologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, experts in Dual Disorder, algologists and sexologists, would guarantee the setting of a target and taking the best decision on a personalized treatment plan. That approach would allow the prompt detection of any psychopathological symptoms and improve the endometriosis-related physical symptoms, bringing a healthier quality of life and a greater likelihood of a positive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Glauco Carbone
- PISA-School of Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Campo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Enrico Papaleo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (E.P.)
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- 1st Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences-UniCamillus, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Icro Maremmani
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences-UniCamillus, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Association for the Application of Neuroscientific Knowledge to Social Aims (AU-CNS), 55045 Pietrasanta, Lucca, Italy
- Vincent P. Dole Dual Disorder Unit, 2nd Psychiatric Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- G. De Lisio Institute of Behavioral Sciences, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-993045
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25
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Koyama R, Aiyama T, Yokoyama R, Nakano S. Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by Ileal Endometriosis with Appendiceal and Lymph Node Involvement Treated with Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e930141. [PMID: 33755660 PMCID: PMC8006474 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.930141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 40-year-old Final Diagnosis: Intestinal endometriosis Symptoms: Abdominal pain Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Koyama
- Department of Surgery, Abashiri-Kosei General Hospital, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aiyama
- Department of Surgery, Abashiri-Kosei General Hospital, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, Abashiri-Kosei General Hospital, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shiro Nakano
- Department of Surgery, Abashiri-Kosei General Hospital, Abashiri, Hokkaido, Japan
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26
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Yaghi M, Nassar H, Zadeh C, Faraj W. Incidental appendiceal mass as the only manifestation of endometriosis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/2/e239090. [PMID: 33619136 PMCID: PMC7903092 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Appendiceal endometriosis is a rare condition that remains difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Herein, we present a case of appendiceal endometriosis presenting as a neuroendocrine tumor. A 34-year-old Caucasian woman was found to have an appendiceal mass with a small fluid collection on routine transvaginal ultrasound. The patient denied any symptoms. Features were consistent with those of a neuroendocrine tumour of the appendix. Laparoscopic appendectomy followed by histopathology revealed endometriosis with negative cytology for malignant cells. Preoperative characteristics of appendiceal tumours in women of childbearing age should be further investigated. Establishing clinical and surgical guidelines is the key to avoid invasive procedures and related adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Yaghi
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Nassar
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Catherina Zadeh
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Walid Faraj
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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27
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Tahmina S, Daniel M, Kalra S. Reflex anuria causing acute kidney injury following myomectomy: A case report. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:1195-1198. [PMID: 33522051 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reflex anuria is a rare cause of acute renal failure, which may occur following ureteric manipulation or painful stimuli to adjacent organs during pelvic surgery. This condition, relatively unfamiliar to the general gynecologist, should be considered even when no obvious cause of anatomical obstruction is found. We present a case of reflex anuria in a 28-year-old woman for two large intramural fibroids. Evaluation did not reveal any organic obstruction of the urinary tract. Bilateral ureteric stenting and other supportive measures resulted in diuresis and improvement of renal function. Stents were removed after 10 days and patient was discharged on the 15th postoperative day with normal renal parameters. Intrarenal arteriolar spasm or ureteric spasm following pelvic manipulation can cause reflex anuria and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure in cases following pelvic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Tahmina
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Mary Daniel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Sidhartha Kalra
- Department of Urology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Prodromidou A, Machairas N, Paspala A, Hasemaki N, Sotiropoulos GC. Diagnosis, surgical treatment and postoperative outcomes of hepatic endometriosis: A systematic review. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:17-23. [PMID: 31630985 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue and stroma in extra-uterine locations. Hepatic endometriosis (HE) is one of the rarest forms of extrapelvic endometriosis. We aimed to summarize the existing evidence on HE with special consideration to natural history, diagnosis and surgical treatment. Three electronic databases were systematically searched for articles published up to March 2019. All appropriate observational studies and case reports addressing cases of women with HE were considered eligible for inclusion. A total of 27 studies which comprised 32 patients with HE were included. Mean age of patients was 39.7 years. Ten (62.5%) were nulliparous and 24 (75%) were women of reproductive age. Eleven patients (36.7%) had a history of pelvic endometriosis of various sites. Abdominal pain was the primary symptom in 28 patients (87.5%). Preoperative diagnosis of endometriosis was available for 5 patients and 6 underwent a preoperative diagnostic procedure. Cyst resection, minor and major liver resections were performed in 14/31, 9/31 and 8/31 patients, respectively. Preoperative diagnosis of HE is challenging due to variable radiologic features and clinical symptomatology. Nonetheless, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a liver mass especially in premenopausal women with a history of endometriosis. The type of resection of the endometriotic lesion is based on the extent and the location of the disease and presented with favourable outcomes concerning morbidity, symptom relief and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Prodromidou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, "Metaxa" Memorial Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Machairas
- Third Department of Surgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Paspala
- Third Department of Surgery, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Natasha Hasemaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios C Sotiropoulos
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, "Laiko" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Santos-Manzur A, Valdez-Bocanegra DR, Ornelas-Flores MC, Pineda-Díaz J, Stoopen-Margain E. Ileal obstruction caused by transmural endometriosis in a patient with simultaneous C. difficile colitis and Influenza AH1N1. Case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 76:522-525. [PMID: 33207423 PMCID: PMC7596015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bowel obstruction or intestinal occlusion caused by endometriosis is very rare. Endometriotic nodules induce luminal stenosis and ileal obstruction. Transmural endometriosis infiltrates the four layers of the intestinal wall. Diagnosis is established through pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. The treatment of choice is bowel resection via laparoscopy or laparotomy.
Introduction Small bowel obstruction secondary to endometriosis is extremely rare. This etiology is reported in 0.10% of cases and diagnosed incidentally. Case presentation 32-year old female, critically ill patient was diagnosed with small bowel obstruction. After medical stabilization of multiple comorbidities, diagnostic laparoscopy was done and converted to open right ileocolectomy with ileo-transverse anastomosis. Definite diagnosis was ileal obstruction caused by transmural endometriosis. The patient's recovery was uneventful. At one-year follow-up, she remains asymptomatic. Discussion We present the uncommon case of ileal obstruction due to transmural endometriosis that was treated surgically. We also present current literature review focusing on diagnostic and treatment methods of this rare disease. Conclusion Endometriosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of small bowel obstruction. The treatment of choice is bowel resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janet Pineda-Díaz
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, ABC Medical Center, Mexico
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Endometriosis Associated Infertility: A Critical Review and Analysis on Etiopathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090460. [PMID: 32916976 PMCID: PMC7559069 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis represents a frequently diagnosed gynecological affliction in the reproductive timespan of women, defined by symptoms ranging from pelvic pain to infertility. A complex interplay between the genetic profile, hormonal activity, menstrual cyclicity, inflammation status, and immunological factors define the phenotypic presentation of endometriosis. To date, imaging techniques represent the gold standard in diagnosing endometriosis, of which transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging bring the most value to the diagnostic step. Current medical treatment options for endometriosis-associated infertility focus on either stimulating the follicular development and ovulation or on inhibiting the growth and development of endometriotic lesions. Techniques of assisted reproduction consisting of superovulation with in vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination represent effective treatment alternatives that improve fertility in patients suffering from endometriosis. Emerging therapies such as the usage of antioxidant molecules and stem cells still need future research to prove the therapeutic efficacy in this pathology.
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Ćorić M, Gregov M, Šarić MJ, Mikuš M, Grgić F, Knežević N, Matošević P, Brozović I. One-stage, radical laparoscopic endometriosis excision involving three different organ systems: A case report from tertiary referral center. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2284026520928246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We present a case of an extensive endometriosis involving left paracolpium and left parametrium, rectovaginal septum, urinary bladder, left interiliac region between artery and vein, left ureter and rectum, presenting as dysmenorrhoea, alternating bouts of diarrhea and constipation and hydronephrosis. Methods: Laparoscopic surgery made by a multidisciplinary team consist of gynecologic, abdominal surgeon and urologist. Results: Successfully managed deep infiltrated endometriosis. Conclusion: The aim of this report is to demonstrate benefit of one-stage, minimally invasive radical surgical procedure performed in a tertiary referral center. To the best of our knowledge, this report presents an extremely complex case because we successfully managed deep infiltrating endometriosis in three different organ systems at the same time, using minimally invasive nerve-sparing technique. A case with the same constellation has not been published yet since reported cases of extrapelvic endometriosis chiefly address one organ system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ćorić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Gregov
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Mislav Mikuš
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franjo Grgić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ivo Brozović
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Siraj F, Dulal J, Sharma S, Gupta P, Vasudeva P, Malik A. Benign Mimickers of Urinary Bladder Cancer: a Case Series. Indian J Surg Oncol 2020; 11:161-164. [PMID: 33364688 PMCID: PMC7732960 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-020-01152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the leading malignancies in the world associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, several benign lesions of the bladder can mimic urothelial carcinoma clinically and radiologically owing to overlapping signs and symptoms. Thus, rendering a correct diagnosis is imperative as it will have a significant impact on the management of patients. We present an amalgamation of five cases having a high suspicion of urothelial malignancy, which were subsequently diagnosed as benign entities with better prognosis and thus warranted a different therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Siraj
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Room number 610, 6th floor, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeewendra Dulal
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Room number 610, 6th floor, New Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Room number 610, 6th floor, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Room number 610, 6th floor, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Vasudeva
- Department of Urology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Malik
- Department of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, Room number 610, 6th floor, New Delhi, India
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Chan-Tiopianco M, Huang CY, Jiang LY, Lai CR, Wang PH, Chen YJ. Endometriosis of the Paralumbar Muscles: A Case Report and Literature Review. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2020; 9:170-174. [PMID: 33101921 PMCID: PMC7545041 DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_81_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to report a case of deep endometriosis of the paralumbar muscles (psoas, multifidus, and erector spinae) and review existing literature on its management. A 34-year-old female with a history of endometriosis was seen for infertility. Paralumbar muscle masses seen on computed tomography (CT) scan were sampled, confirming endometriosis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist was given for 2 months. The patient was primed for assisted reproduction. A literature review was conducted to provide an understanding of paralumbar muscle endometriosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of multifidus and erector spinae muscle endometriosis and fifth case of psoas muscle endometriosis. Because the available information is scarce, data from the existing literature on deep endometriosis may aid in the diagnosis and management. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT scan are essential imaging techniques to map lesions. Excision seems prudent, but the approach should be individualized depending on the patient's presentation and her preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareesol Chan-Tiopianco
- Department of Surgical Services, San Lazaro Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ManilaMed - Medical Center Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chen-Yu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ru Lai
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Elmohr MM, Elsayes KM, Pickhardt PJ. Non-neoplastic conditions mimicking peritoneal carcinomatosis at CT imaging. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20200401. [PMID: 32516560 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The general appearance of peritoneal carcinomatosis at abdominal CT and other cross-sectional imaging modalities consists of varying amounts of peritoneal-based soft tissue implants (mass-forming or infiltrative), peritoneal fluid, and occasionally calcification. However, a wide variety of common and uncommon neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions can closely mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis at imaging. Neoplastic mimics of peritoneal carcinomatosis include primary peritoneal and sub peritoneal tumors, as well as peritoneal lymphomatosis and sarcomatosis.Broad categories of non-neoplastic mimics of peritoneal carcinomatosis include tumor-like conditions, systemic processes, atypical infections, and fat-based conditions. For many entities, suggestive or specific patient information and/or CT imaging findings exist that may allow the radiologist to narrow the differential diagnosis. In this article, we review the salient clinical and cross-sectional imaging features of non-neoplastic mimics of peritoneal carcinomatosis and malignancy, with emphasis on the CT findings and the additional clues that may suggest the correct benign diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohab M Elmohr
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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Agely A, Bolan C, Metcalfe A, VanBuren W, Menias C. Genitourinary manifestations of endometriosis with emphasis on the urinary tract. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:1711-1722. [PMID: 31919646 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common benign condition affecting women. The disease has a broad spectrum of presentations from incidental lesions in asymptomatic women to causing significant and debilitating morbidity in others. Ectopic endometrial glands are located in predictable locations throughout the pelvis, including implantation on the ovaries and in the rectouterine cul-de-sac. Less commonly, the urinary tract may be involved. As genitourinary manifestations may remain symptomatically occult or masquerade as other diagnoses, it is essential for the radiologist to be aware of the imaging features, consider this diagnosis, and potentially save the patient from delayed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agely
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - C Bolan
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - A Metcalfe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - W VanBuren
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Menias
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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36
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Mason BR, Chatterjee D, Menias CO, Thaker PH, Siegel CL, Yano M. Encyclopedia of endometriosis: a pictorial rad-path review. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:1587-1607. [PMID: 31919647 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of reproductive age women and represents a significant cause of pelvic pain and infertility. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of endometriosis is often delayed by years. Endometriosis may manifest as cystic lesions in the ovaries known as endometriomas. Superficial endometriosis is typically detected by laparoscopy along the pelvic peritoneum as these lesions tend to be difficult to detect by imaging. Deep infiltrative endometriosis may be detected by ultrasound, CT or MRI in classic locations within the pelvis, such as the posterior cul-de-sac and uterosacral ligaments. Endometriosis may also involve the thorax, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and locations such as the abdominal wall and abdominal organs. We present MRI and CT case examples, together with corresponding laparoscopic and histopathology images to enhance radiologists' understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Mason
- Department of Radiology, Stillwater Medical Center, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Premal H Thaker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cary Lynn Siegel
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8131, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Motoyo Yano
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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Ananth PK, Humphries LA, Nezhat CH. Use of a shaving technique for surgical management of partial ureteral obstruction due to endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2020; 113:1328-1329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Deep invasive gastrointestinal endometriosis (DIGIE) is a frequent and severe presentation of endometriosis. Although most cases invade the rectosigmoid colon, DIGIE can involve any portion of the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the rectum, and is commonly multifocal and multicentric. Although histopathologic confirmation with surgery remains the gold standard for diagnosis, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the key non-invasive imaging modalities for initial assessment. US may be preferred as a screening study because of its easy availability and low-cost. Pelvic MRI and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) provide substantial advantages for disease mapping in the pre-operative period, particularly in extensive bowel endometriosis. Although medical management of DIGIE with hormonal therapy can help control symptoms, disease course can be relentless and require surgical intervention. Surgical options depend on, the location; length; depth; circumference; multicentric or multifocal disease. With procedures including simple excision, fulguration of superficial lesions, shaving, disc excision, and segmental resection. A successful treatment outcome is largely dependent on good communication between the treating surgeon and the radiologist, who can provide vital information for effective surgical planning by reporting the key elements that we elaborate upon in this paper.
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Abstract
Endometriosis is a disease of reproductive age women that is commonly characterized by symptoms that often negatively impact quality of life. The clinical management of endometriosis remains highly variable and mostly influenced by geographic location, practice patterns, and breadth of clinician experience. This variability in treatment has inspired a trend towards multidisciplinary and specialized care of patients suffering from this disease. Surgical sampling, followed by histologic confirmation of endometrial-like tissue, remains the standard for the definitive diagnosis of endometriosis. However, the high sensitivity and specificity of MRI and ultrasound has shed light on the path towards non-surgical diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis. Molecular variability and intricacy of this disease has limited the development of biologic markers to target for non-invasive diagnosis and pharmacologic therapies. Surgical management of advanced-stage endometriosis can be difficult, mostly secondary to the invasive nature of the disease, and anatomical distortion requiring advanced surgical skills to manage. The high prevalence of chronic pelvic pain and other complex pain syndromes in patients with endometriosis also requires knowledge in the management of these types of issues in order to provide comprehensive care. Menopausal endometriosis, extrapelvic presentation, and potential malignant transformation of lesions are infrequent, requiring a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Luna Russo
- Section of Benign Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA -
| | - Julia N Chalif
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Endometriosis-It is not just benign. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020; 49:101744. [PMID: 32283226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common disease, not uncommonly debilitating with severe negative impact on all domains of life for women. The long-standing approach is that endometriosis is one of many gynecological benign conditions. Nevertheless, there is a growing body of evidence linking endometriosis and invasiveness. The aim of this commentary is to address the topic of the attitude toward endometriosis as a benign disease while summarizing the current literature regarding the debate that surrounds this topic.
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Secosan C, Balulescu L, Brasoveanu S, Balint O, Pirtea P, Dorin G, Pirtea L. Endometriosis in Menopause-Renewed Attention on a Controversial Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E134. [PMID: 32121424 PMCID: PMC7151055 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease characterized by the ectopic presence of endometrial tissue, has been the topic of renewed research and debate in recent years. The paradigm shift from the belief that endometriosis only affects women of reproductive age has drawn attention to endometriosis in both premenarchal and postmenopausal patients. There is still scarce information in literature regarding postmenopausal endometriosis, the mostly studied and reported being the prevalence in postmenopausal women. Yet, other important issues also need to be addressed concerning diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management. We aimed at summarizing the currently available data in literature in order to provide a concise and precise update regarding information available on postmenopausal endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Secosan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.B.); (O.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Ligia Balulescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.B.); (O.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Simona Brasoveanu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.B.); (O.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Oana Balint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.B.); (O.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Paul Pirtea
- Department of Ob Gyn and Reproductive Medicine, Hopital Foch—Faculté de Medicine Paris Ouest (UVSQ), 92151 Suresnes, France;
| | - Grigoraș Dorin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.B.); (O.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Laurentiu Pirtea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeş”, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; (C.S.); (S.B.); (O.B.); (G.D.); (L.P.)
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Zhu MY, Fei FM, Chen J, Zhou ZC, Wu B, Shen YY. Endometriosis of the duplex appendix: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2094-2102. [PMID: 31423443 PMCID: PMC6695541 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duplication of the appendix is an infrequent congenital malformation with a complex classification. The horseshoe appendix is a subtype of the duplex appendix and is rarely reported in the literature. Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease that rarely occurs in the appendix. Moreover, horseshoe appendix combined with endometriosis has not been previously reported. CASE SUMMARY Here, we describe a 44-year-old woman who was admitted with a 1-d history of migratory lower right quadrant pain. Physical examination was consistent with the signs of acute appendicitis. The patient underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy. The distal tip of the appendix was in contact with the cecum by another base, or "horseshoe appendix". In addition, a small intestinal mass and an ovarian mass were identified. Subsequently, appendectomy, partial resection of the small intestine, and right oophorectomy were successively performed. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of acute inflammation of the duplex appendix with endometriosis, small intestine endometriosis, and ovarian endometriosis. CONCLUSION Surgeons need to be aware of the possibility of the duplex appendix when performing an appendectomy, and this study emphasizes the importance of exploring the entire abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yuan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fa-Ming Fei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Yu Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Endometrioma of the Liver: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Reports Hepatol 2019; 2019:4734606. [PMID: 31275671 PMCID: PMC6582834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4734606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis first described by Finkel in 1986. A thorough review of the literature revealed 28 cases of hepatic endometriosis. This unusual condition offers several diagnostic challenges due to its variable appearance on imaging and need for histologic analysis to establish a definitive diagnosis. We present a 42-year-old female initially treated for presumed hydatid cyst that was later found to be endometriosis in the liver. The case highlights the importance of considering endometriosis in the differential for a patient presenting with a solitary liver mass regardless of age and previous history of endometriosis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE We report an unusual case of endometriosis of the appendix with simultaneous invasion of the sigmoid colon. METHODS Clinical, radiological, surgical, and histological data of the patient were reviewed, as well as the current literature on gastrointestinal endometriosis. RESULTS A 41-year-old woman presented to the emergency department of our hospital with acute right lower quadrant pain, pronounced tenderness elevated white blood cell count, and increased C-reactive protein. Abdominal CT scan suggested a mucocele of the appendix. The patient was first treated with antibiotics, followed by en bloc resection of the appendix and of the sigmoid colon 2 months later. Histological examination revealed an endometriotic nodule of the appendix filling the appendiceal lumen and resulting in a mucocele which invaded the sigmoid colon wall. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of gastrointestinal endometriosis can be challenging due to the variety of symptoms it can produce. Although extremely rare, a concomitant double gastrointestinal location of endometriosis may be possible and should be considered in women of reproductive age.
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