1
|
Hassan M, Abdelnabi HA, Mohsin S. Harnessing the Potential of PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:273. [PMID: 38399327 PMCID: PMC10892810 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnologies have become increasingly prominent in the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE), offering substantial potential to advance the field forward. These advancements manifest in two primary ways: the localized application of nanoengineered materials to enhance bone regeneration and their use as nanovehicles for delivering bioactive compounds. Despite significant progress in the development of bone substitutes over the past few decades, it is worth noting that the quest to identify the optimal biomaterial for bone regeneration remains a subject of intense debate. Ever since its initial discovery, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has found widespread use in BTE due to its favorable biocompatibility and customizable biodegradability. This review provides an overview of contemporary advancements in the development of bone regeneration materials using PLGA polymers. The review covers some of the properties of PLGA, with a special focus on modifications of these properties towards bone regeneration. Furthermore, we delve into the techniques for synthesizing PLGA nanoparticles (NPs), the diverse forms in which these NPs can be fabricated, and the bioactive molecules that exhibit therapeutic potential for promoting bone regeneration. Additionally, we addressed some of the current concerns regarding the safety of PLGA NPs and PLGA-based products available on the market. Finally, we briefly discussed some of the current challenges and proposed some strategies to functionally enhance the fabrication of PLGA NPs towards BTE. We envisage that the utilization of PLGA NP holds significant potential as a potent tool in advancing therapies for intractable bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahar Mohsin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi J, Wu H, Liu G. Novel Strategies for Spatiotemporal and Controlled BMP-2 Delivery in Bone Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241276733. [PMID: 39305020 PMCID: PMC11418245 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241276733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been commercially approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in bone defects and diseases. BMP-2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In bone tissue engineering, BMP-2 incorporated into scaffolds can be used for stimulating bone regeneration in organoid construction, drug testing platforms, and bone transplants. However, the high dosage and uncontrollable release rate of BMP-2 challenge its clinical application, mainly due to the short circulation half-life of BMP-2, microbial contamination in bone extracellular matrix hydrogel, and the delivery method. Moreover, in clinical translation, the requirement of high doses of BMP-2 for efficacy poses challenges in cost and safety. Based on these, novel strategies should ensure that BMP-2 is delivered precisely to the desired location within the body, regulating the timing of BMP-2 release to coincide with the bone healing process, as well as release BMP-2 in a controlled manner to optimize its therapeutic effect and minimize side effects. This review highlights improvements in bone tissue engineering applying spatiotemporal and controlled BMP-2 delivery, including molecular engineering, biomaterial modification, and synergistic therapy, aiming to provide references for future research and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Gengyan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holkar K, Kale V, Ingavle G. Cell-Instructive Mineralized Microenvironment Regulates Osteogenesis: A Growing SYMBIOSIS of Cell Biology and Biomaterials Engineering in Bone Tissue Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4867-4877. [PMID: 37387693 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the objectives of bone tissue engineering is to produce scaffolds that are biocompatible, osteoinductive, and mechanically equivalent to the natural extracellular matrix of bone in terms of structure and function. Reconstructing the osteoconductive bone microenvironment into a scaffold can attract native mesenchymal stem cells and differentiate them into osteoblasts at the defect site. The symbiotic relationship between cell biology and biomaterial engineering could result in composite polymers containing the necessary signals to recreate tissue- and organ-specific differentiation. In the current work, drawing inspiration from the natural stem cell niche to govern stem cell fate, the cell-instructive hydrogel platforms were constructed by engineering the mineralized microenvironment. This work employed two different hydroxyapatite delivery strategies to create a mineralized microenvironment in an alginate-PEGDA interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel. The first approach involved coating of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres and then encapsulating the coated microspheres in an IPN hydrogel for a sustained release of nHAp, whereas the second approach involved directly loading nHAp into the IPN hydrogel. This study demonstrate that both direct encapsulation and a sustained release approach showed enhanced osteogenesis in target-encapsulated cells; however, direct loading of nHAp into the IPN hydrogel increased the mechanical strength and swelling ratio of the scaffold by 4.6-fold and 1.14-fold, respectively. In addition, the biochemical and molecular studies revealed improved osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential of encapsulated target cells. Being less expensive and simple to perform, this approach could be beneficial in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Holkar
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Ganesh Ingavle
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan S, Wang D, Zhang L, Gan T, Yao H, Zhu H, He Y, Yang K. LIPUS-S/B@NPs regulates the release of SDF-1 and BMP-2 to promote stem cell recruitment-osteogenesis for periodontal bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1226426. [PMID: 37469445 PMCID: PMC10353878 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1226426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) have been widely used as the carrier for sustainable drug delivery. However, the drug release from the NPs was usually incomplete and uncontrollable. Herein, a low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) assisted SDF-1/BMP-2@nanoparticles (S/B@NPs) system was fabricated to facilitate stem cell recruitment-osteogenesis for periodontal bone regeneration. Methods: In this work, S/B@NPs were prepared with double-emulsion synthesis method. Then the S/B release profile from NPs was evaluated with or without low intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment. Afterwards, the stem cell recruiting and osteoinductive capacities of LIPUS-S/B@NPs were detected with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in vitro and in a rat periodontal bone defect model. Results: The results indicated that S/B@NPs were successfully prepared and LIPUS could effectively regulate the release of S/B and increase their final releasing amount. Moreover, LIPUS-S/B@NPs system significantly promoted hPDLCs migrating and osteogenesis in vitro and recruiting rBMSCs to the rat periodontal defect and facilitated bone regeneration in vivo. Conclusion: Our LIPUS assisted S/B@NPs system can effectively facilitate stem cell recruitment and periodontal bone regeneration. Considering its reliable safety and therapeutic effect on bone fracture, LIPUS, as an adjuvant therapy, holds great potential in the regulation of drug delivery systems for bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Gan
- Department of Ultrasound, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiman He
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Z, Xu Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Jiang D, Jia R. Preparation and Biocompatibility of Core-Shell Microspheres for Sequential, Sustained Release of BMP-2 and VEGF. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4072975. [PMID: 36467885 PMCID: PMC9718627 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4072975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Bone defect repair remains a challenge in orthopedics. This study describes the development and potential effectiveness of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) shell-core microspheres for promoting bone regeneration. Poly(L-lactic acid)/polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLLA/PLGA) core-shell microspheres loaded with VEGF and BMP-2 were prepared by a coaxial electrospray technique, and their surface morphology, core-shell distribution, and particle size were examined. Different groups of microspheres were prepared with different placement of the growth factors, and the encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release curves were measured. Additionally, the effects of the different groups of microspheres on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells were investigated. The prepared microspheres had a core-shell structure with good homogeneity and dispersion, a clear boundary, and a smooth surface. On scanning electron microscopy, the mean diameter of the microspheres was similar for all six preparations (P > 0.05). During in vitro release, growth factor was initially released via a brief burst release from the outer shell of the microsphere followed by a slower sustained release. The release of growth factors from the inner core remained relatively slow and sustained. Sequential release of different growth factors was achieved through the inconsistent release rates from the microsphere shell and inner core. All groups of microspheres showed no cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and the ability to promote osteoblast proliferation. The microspheres loaded with BMP-2 also promoted osteoblast differentiation, and VEGF-loaded microspheres promoted the proliferation and differentiation of vascular endothelial cells. The BMP-2 (core)/VEGF (shell) microsphere group best promoted osteoblast differentiation. The microspheres prepared in this study exhibited slow sequential release of BMP-2 and VEGF and showed good biocompatibility along with the ability to promote osteoblast differentiation and vascular endothelial cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86# Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Zhenchao Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiyang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yilu Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Wu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Dingyu Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Runze Jia
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Granel H, Bossard C, Collignon AM, Wauquier F, Lesieur J, Rochefort GY, Jallot E, Lao J, Wittrant Y. Osteogenic Effect of Fisetin Doping in Bioactive Glass/Poly(caprolactone) Hybrid Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22279-22290. [PMID: 35811886 PMCID: PMC9260777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Treating large bone defects or fragile patients may require enhancing the bone regeneration rate to overcome a weak contribution from the body. This work investigates the osteogenic potential of nutrient fisetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, as a doping agent inside the structure of a SiO2-CaO bioactive glass-poly(caprolactone) (BG-PCL) hybrid scaffold. Embedded in the full mass of the BG-PCL hybrid during one-pot synthesis, we demonstrate fisetin to be delivered sustainably; the release follows a first-order kinetics with active fisetin concentration being delivered for more than 1 month (36 days). The biological effect of BG-PCL-fisetin-doped scaffolds (BG-PCL-Fis) has been highlighted by in vitro and in vivo studies. A positive impact is demonstrated on the adhesion and the differentiation of rat primary osteoblasts, without an adverse cytotoxic effect. Implantation in critical-size mouse calvaria defects shows bone remodeling characteristics and remarkable enhancement of bone regeneration for fisetin-doped scaffolds, with the regenerated bone volume being twofold that of nondoped scaffolds and fourfold that of a commercial trabecular bovine bone substitute. Such highly bioactive materials could stand as competitive alternative strategies involving biomaterials loaded with growth factors, the use of the latter being the subject of growing concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Granel
- INRAE,
Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), ECREIN Team, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Cédric Bossard
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire De Physique De Clermont Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Anne-Margaux Collignon
- Descartes
University of Paris Faculty of Dental Surgery, Laboratoires Pathologies,
Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales,1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge, Île-De-France 92120, France
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- INRAE,
Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), ECREIN Team, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- Descartes
University of Paris Faculty of Dental Surgery, Laboratoires Pathologies,
Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales,1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge, Île-De-France 92120, France
| | - Gael Y. Rochefort
- Descartes
University of Paris Faculty of Dental Surgery, Laboratoires Pathologies,
Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales,1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge, Île-De-France 92120, France
| | - Edouard Jallot
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire De Physique De Clermont Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Jonathan Lao
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire De Physique De Clermont Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRAE,
Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), ECREIN Team, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes 63001, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Effects of Coculture Fibroblasts and Vascular Endothelial Cells on Proliferation and Osteogenesis of Adipose Stem Cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6288695. [PMID: 35069787 PMCID: PMC8776444 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6288695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The development of tissue engineering provides a new method for the clinical treatment of bone defects, but the problems of slow formation and slow vascularization of tissue engineered bone have always existed. Studies have shown that the combined culture system of vascular endothelial cells and adipose stem cells is superior to single cell in repairing bone defects. With the excellent proliferation ability, secretion of synthetic collagen and a variety of regulatory factors and fibroblasts can differentiate into osteoblasts and have the potential to be excellent seed cells involved in tissue engineering bone construction. Objective To investigate the effects of combined culture of fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and adipose stem cells on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells. Methods The cells were divided into 4 groups: adipose stem cell group, adipose stem cell+vascular endothelial cell coculture group, adipose stem cell+fibroblast coculture group, and adipose stem cell+vascular endothelial cell+fibroblast coculture group. The morphological changes of the cells were observed under an inverted microscope. After 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of coculture, the proliferation of adipose stem cells in each group was detected by a CCK-8 method and the growth curve was plotted. Adipose stem cells in each group were stained with alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase at days 7, 14, 21, and 28. At the third week of coculture, Western blot was used to detect the expression level of bone morphogenetic protein 2 of adipose stem cells in each group. Results and Conclusions. (1) After 14 days of culture, some cells in the adipose stem cell+vascular endothelial cell+fibroblast coculture group fused into clumps and distributed in nests, while the adipose stem cells in the adipose stem cell group had a single cell morphology and no cell clusters were observed. (2) The cell growth curves were basically the same in each group, and the absorbance value increased gradually. The absorbance value of the adipocyte+vascular endothelial cell+fibroblast coculture group was the highest, followed by the adipocyte+fibroblast coculture group and then the adipocyte+fibroblast coculture group. (3) Alizarin red staining showed negative reaction in each group on the 7th day, and a small number of red positive cells gradually appeared in each group as time went on. On the 28th day, red positive cells were found in all groups, and most of them were in the coculture group of adipose stem cells+vascular endothelial cells+fibroblasts, showing red focal. The coculture group of adipose stem cells+vascular endothelial cells and adipose stem cells+fibroblasts was less, and the adipose stem cell group was the least. On day 28 of alkaline phosphatase staining, cells in each group had red positive particles, and the adipose stem cell+vascular endothelial cell+fibroblast coculture group and adipose stem cell+fibroblast coculture group had the most, followed by the adipose stem cell+vascular endothelial cell coculture group and then the adipose stem cell group. (4) Bone morphogenetic protein 2 was expressed in all groups, especially in adipose stem cell+fibroblast coculture group and adipose stem cell+vascular endothelial cell+ fibroblast coculture group. (5) Fibroblast could promote adipose stem cell osteogenic differentiation better than vascular endothelial cells, but the proliferation effect was not as good as vascular endothelial cells. The coculture system of fibroblast combined with vascular endothelial cells and adipose stem cells promoted the proliferation of adipose stem cells and the rapid and efficient differentiation of adipose stem cells into osteoblasts.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sneha K, Rani A, Chandra R, Kumar S, Jannu R, Muppirala S. The G-Force conundrum in platelet-rich fibrin generation: Management of a problem hidden in plain sight. Contemp Clin Dent 2022; 13:150-155. [PMID: 35846586 PMCID: PMC9285831 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_830_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A force of 400 g at 2700 revolutions per minute (RPM) results in an optimum leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). Most of centrifuges with varying characteristics generate a g-force in excess of 700 g at 2700 RPM. In this context, the study explores the effect of the original centrifugation protocol and a modified protocol tailor-made to lower the RPM to generate a g-force of ~ 400 g on platelet concentration, clot size and growth factors release in L-PRF prepared in two different commercially available centrifuges. Materials and Methods: Twenty five subjects each were assigned to the following groups; R1 and R2 where L-PRF was obtained from two laboratory swing-out centrifuges (Remi 8C® and Remi C854®, Mumbai, India), respectively. PRF was obtained from each subject within a group using two protocols; Original (O) protocol: conforming to the original centrifugation cycle (2700 RPM for 12 min) and Modified (M) protocol. Clot size, growth factor estimation, and platelet counts were measured at 20, 40, and 60 min from all the L-PRF clots, respectively. Results: At the third time period (40–60 min), there were no significant differences in clot sizes with the original protocol (P = 0.09), but a highly significant difference was noticed with the modified protocol in both the centrifuges (P = 0.001). Our results showed an increased concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor with modified protocol than with original protocol with both the centrifuges (P = 0.001). By the end of second and third time periods, more platelet concentration was observed with modified protocol than with the original protocol in both the centrifuges (P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study infers that the centrifuge type and relative centrifugal force can affect the quality and quantity of cells and growth factors and an optimum relationship between g-force and RPM should be maintained to obtain L-PRF with adequate cell viability and optimum growth factor release.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Fu G, Gong Y, Li B, Li W, Liu D, Yang X. BMP-2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing mitochondrial activity. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2022; 22:123-131. [PMID: 35234167 PMCID: PMC8919656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become seed cells and basic elements for bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles and mechanisms of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) on osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. METHODS Primary MSCs were isolated from the femur and tibia bone of rats and then transfected with BMP-2 and PGC-1α adenovirus vectors. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red staining were used to measure osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Real-time PCR and western blot assays were performed to assess osteogenic differentiation-related proteins levels. The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and II and mitochondrial fluorescence intensity were used to explore mitochondria status during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. RESULTS We found that the ability of BMP-2 overexpressed (OE) group osteogenic differentiation was significantly improved, compared with the negative control (NC) group. The results also indicated that BMP-2 can promote the activity of mitochondria. We further used the gain- and loss-of-function approaches to demonstrate that BMP-2 promotes mitochondrial activity by up-regulating PGC-1α to promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results explored the important role of BMP-2 in the osteoblast differentiation of MSCs from a new perspective, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for bone defect and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guangmin Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yahui Gong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dacheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China,Corresponding author: Xiaoning Yang, Department of orthopaedics, Xuzhou No.1 People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
İYİLİKCİ B, TAŞDEMİR U, ÖZMEN Ö, KIZILDAĞ A. Effect of Tideglusib with Bone Grafting on New Bone Formation. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.943229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
11
|
Zhao D, Zhu T, Li J, Cui L, Zhang Z, Zhuang X, Ding J. Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)-based composite bone-substitute materials. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:346-360. [PMID: 32954053 PMCID: PMC7475521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research and development of the ideal artificial bone-substitute materials to replace autologous and allogeneic bones for repairing bone defects is still a challenge in clinical orthopedics. Recently, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based artificial bone-substitute materials are attracting increasing attention as the benefit of their suitable biocompatibility, degradability, mechanical properties, and capabilities to promote bone regeneration. In this article, we comprehensively review the artificial bone-substitute materials made from PLGA or the composites of PLGA and other organic and inorganic substances, elaborate on their applications for bone regeneration with or without bioactive factors, and prospect the challenges and opportunities in clinical bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duoyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshandong Road, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Liguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 4 Chongshandong Road, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Xiuli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
BMP-2 and VEGF-A modRNAs in collagen scaffold synergistically drive bone repair through osteogenic and angiogenic pathways. Commun Biol 2021; 4:82. [PMID: 33469143 PMCID: PMC7815925 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone has a remarkable potential for self-healing and repair, yet several injury types are non-healing even after surgical or non-surgical treatment. Regenerative therapies that induce bone repair or improve the rate of recovery are being intensely investigated. Here, we probed the potential of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) engineered with chemically modified mRNAs (modRNA) encoding the hBMP-2 and VEGF-A gene to therapeutically heal bone. Induction of osteogenesis from modRNA-treated BMSCs was confirmed by expression profiles of osteogenic related markers and the presence of mineralization deposits. To test for therapeutic efficacy, a collagen scaffold inoculated with modRNA-treated BMSCs was explored in an in vivo skull defect model. We show that hBMP-2 and VEGF-A modRNAs synergistically drive osteogenic and angiogenic programs resulting in superior healing properties. This study exploits chemically modified mRNAs, together with biomaterials, as a potential approach for the clinical treatment of bone injury and defects.
Collapse
|
13
|
Xue Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Zhu X, Hu R, Xu W. Role of the HIF‑1α/SDF‑1/CXCR4 signaling axis in accelerated fracture healing after craniocerebral injury. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2767-2774. [PMID: 32945380 PMCID: PMC7453606 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic state of the brain tissue surrounding craniocerebral injury induces an increase in the secretion of HIF-1α during the healing process. HIF-1α can promote mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) migration to ischemic and hypoxic sites by regulating the expression levels of molecules such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in the microenvironment. Stem cells express the SDF-1 receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and serve a key role in tissue repair, as well as a number of physiological and pathological processes. The present study aimed to determine the role of HIF-1α/SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in the process of accelerated fracture healing during craniocerebral injury. Cultured MSCs underwent HIF-1α knockdown to elucidate its effect on the proliferative ability of MSCs, and the effect of SDF-1 in MSCs was investigated. It was also determined whether HIF-1α could promote osteogenesis via SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling and recruit MSCs. The results indicated that HIF-1α knockdown suppressed MSC proliferation in vitro, and SDF-1 promoted cell migration via binding to CXCR4. Furthermore, HIF-1α knockdown inhibited MSC migration via SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling. Considering the wide distribution and diversity of roles of SDF-1 and CXCR4, the present results may form a basis for the development of novel strategies for the treatment of craniocerebral injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhikun Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200331, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200331, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200331, P.R. China
| | - Ruixi Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200331, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200331, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Vasconcellos LMR, do Prado RF, Sartori EM, Mendonça DBS, Mendonça G, Marciano FR, Lobo AO. In vitro osteogenesis process induced by hybrid nanohydroxyapatite/graphene nanoribbons composites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:81. [PMID: 31254104 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes combine high bend and mechanical strength, which is advantageous for many structural and biomedical purposes. Recently, some biomaterials, based on carbon nanostructures and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp), have been investigated as bone substitutes in order to improve regeneration. The aim of this study was to access the expression of some RNA transcripts (involved in the process of osteoblast differentiation) by mesenchymal stem cells cultured over different nanocomposite surfaces. A multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was firstly grown using chemical vapor deposition and then exfoliated using chemical and oxygen plasma treatments to obtain graphene nanoribbons (GNR). The hybrid composites nHAp/GNR were prepared using the wet method assisted by ultrasound irradiation with different amounts of GNR (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt %). Five groups were tested in cell cultures. Group 1: synthesized nHAp; Group 2: synthesized GNR; Group 3: nHAp and 1.0% of GNR; Group 4: nHAp and 2.0% of GNR and group 5: nHAp and 3.0% of GNR. Real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were performed, and all data was submitted to Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests, at a significance level of 5%. As a result, three nanocomposites with different proportions of GNR were successfully produced. After cell culture, the expression of osteogenic genes demonstrated no significant differences among the groups and periods. However, bone morphogenetic protein II (BMP II), integrin binding sialoprotein (IBSP), and Osterix highest expressions were observed in the group containing 3.0% of GNR. In conclusion, our hybrid composites may be useful in bone interventions requiring mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts for healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Renata Falchete do Prado
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mattias Sartori
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Gustavo Mendonça
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fernanda Roberta Marciano
- Scientific and Technological Institute, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584 - Itaquera, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil
| | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- Scientific and Technological Institute, Universidade Brasil, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584 - Itaquera, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil.
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Post-graduation Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|