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Agostini S, Mancuso R. Special Issue "Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3647. [PMID: 38612459 PMCID: PMC11011614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms inducing phenotypic changes without altering the DNA genome are increasingly recognized as key factors modulating gene expression and, consequently, cell functions [...].
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Chen YC, Liaw YC, Nfor ON, Hsiao CH, Zhong JH, Wu SL, Liaw YP. Epigenetic regulation of Parkinson's disease risk variant GPNMB cg17274742 methylation by sex and exercise from Taiwan Biobank. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1235840. [PMID: 37744396 PMCID: PMC10513104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1235840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with an elusive etiology that involves the interaction between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Recently, epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, have been recognized to play an important role in the onset of PD. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a type I transmembrane protein crucial for immune cell activation and maturation, has emerged as a potential biomarker for the risk of PD. This research aims to investigate the influence of exercise and gender on the regulation of methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in individuals. Methods We analyze data from 2,474 participants in the Taiwan Biobank, collected from 2008 and 2016. Methylation levels at the GPNMB cg17274742 CpG site were measured using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC beads. After excluding individuals with incomplete data or missing information on possible risk factors, our final analysis included 1,442 participants. We used multiple linear regression models to assess the association between sex and exercise with adjusted levels of GPNMB cg17274742 for age, BMI, smoking, drinking, coffee consumption, serum uric acid levels, and hypertension. Results Our results demonstrated that exercise significantly influenced the methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in males (β = -0.00242; p = 0.0026), but not in females (β = -0.00002362; p = 0.9785). Furthermore, male participants who exercised showed significantly lower levels of methylation compared to the reference groups of the female and non-exercising reference groups (β = -0.00357; p = 0.0079). The effect of the interaction between gender and exercise on the methylation of GPNMB cg17274742 was statistically significant (p = 0.0078). Conclusion This study suggests that gender and exercise can modulate GPNMB cg17274742, with hypomethylation observed in exercise men. More research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and implications of these epigenetic changes in the context of risk and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Liaw
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Han Zhong
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Changhua National University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Surguchov A. α-Synuclein and Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010150. [PMID: 36672131 PMCID: PMC9857298 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases with common pathological lesions associated with the excessive accumulation and abnormal intracellular deposition of toxic species of α-synuclein. The shared clinical features are chronic progressive decline of motor, cognitive, and behavioral functions. These disorders include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy body, and multiple system atrophy. Vigorous research in the mechanisms of pathology of these illnesses is currently under way to find disease-modifying treatment and molecular markers for early diagnosis. α-Synuclein is a prone-to-aggregate, small amyloidogenic protein with multiple roles in synaptic vesicle trafficking, neurotransmitter release, and intracellular signaling events. Its expression is controlled by several mechanisms, one of which is epigenetic regulation. When transmitted to the nucleus, α-synuclein binds to DNA and histones and participates in epigenetic regulatory functions controlling specific gene transcription. Here, we discuss the various aspects of α-synuclein involvement in epigenetic regulation in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Surguchov
- Department of Neurology, Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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4
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Scarfò G, Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Franzoni F, Martini C. Exploring the Role of Lipid-Binding Proteins and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on the Neuroprotective Effects of Nutraceutical Supplementation and Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2116. [PMID: 36358488 PMCID: PMC9686611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is primarily composed of lipids, and their homeostasis is crucial to carry on normal neuronal functions. In order to provide an adequate amount of lipid transport in and out of the central nervous system, organisms need a set of proteins able to bind them. Therefore, alterations in the structure or function of lipid-binding proteins negatively affect brain homeostasis, as well as increase inflammation and oxidative stress with the consequent risk of neurodegeneration. In this regard, lifestyle changes seem to be protective against neurodegenerative processes. Nutraceutical supplementation with antioxidant molecules has proven to be useful in proving cognitive functions. Additionally, regular physical activity seems to protect neuronal vitality and increases antioxidant defenses. The aim of the present review was to investigate mechanisms that link lipid-binding protein dysfunction and oxidative stress to cognitive decline, also underlining the neuroprotective effects of diet and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Ling L, Wang F, Yu D. Beyond neurodegenerative diseases: α-synuclein in erythropoiesis. Hematology 2022; 27:629-635. [PMID: 35621991 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2078041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) is a highly conserved and thermostable protein that is widely distributed in human brain. An intracellular aggregation of α-syn in dopaminergic neurons is the hallmark of a group of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease. Interestingly, α-syn is also highly expressed in red blood cells and is considered as one of the most abundant proteins in red blood cells. Moreover, α-syn is thought to play a regulatory role during normal erythropoiesis. However, whether α-syn participates in the pathogenesis of erythroid diseases has not been reported. In this review, we discuss the protein structure of α-syn and the importance of α-syn in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Medical College, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Medical College, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Yangzhou University, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Duonan Yu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Medical College, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Dysregulation of a Heme Oxygenase–Synuclein Axis in Parkinson Disease. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a key driver of the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress protein that catalyzes the conversion of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide and free ferrous iron, is elevated in PD-affected neural tissues and promotes iron deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction in models of the disease, pathways also impacted by α-synuclein. Elevated expression of human HO-1 in astrocytes of GFAP.HMOX1 transgenic mice between 8.5 and 19 months of age elicits a parkinsonian phenotype characterized by nigrostriatal hypodopaminergia, locomotor incoordination and overproduction of neurotoxic native S129-phospho-α-synuclein. Two microRNAs (miRNA) known to regulate α-synuclein, miR-153 and miR-223, are significantly decreased in the basal ganglia of GFAP.HMOX1 mice. Serum concentrations of both miRNAs progressively decline in wild-type (WT) and GFAP.HMOX1 mice between 11 and 18 months of age. Moreover, circulating levels of miR-153 and miR-223 are significantly lower, and erythrocyte α-synuclein concentrations are increased, in GFAP.HMOX1 mice relative to WT values. MiR-153 and miR-223 are similarly decreased in the saliva of PD patients compared to healthy controls. Upregulation of glial HO-1 may promote parkinsonism by suppressing miR-153 and miR-223, which, in turn, enhance production of neurotoxic α-synuclein. The aim of the current review is to explore the link between HO-1, α-synuclein and PD, evaluating evidence derived from our laboratory and others. HO-1, miR-153 and miR-223 and α-synuclein may serve as potential biomarkers and targets for disease-modifying therapy in idiopathic PD.
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Micheli L, Creanza TM, Ceccarelli M, D'Andrea G, Giacovazzo G, Ancona N, Coccurello R, Scardigli R, Tirone F. Transcriptome Analysis in a Mouse Model of Premature Aging of Dentate Gyrus: Rescue of Alpha-Synuclein Deficit by Virus-Driven Expression or by Running Restores the Defective Neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696684. [PMID: 34485283 PMCID: PMC8415876 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone are neurogenic niches where neural stem and progenitor cells replicate throughout life to generate new neurons. The Btg1 gene maintains the stem cells of the neurogenic niches in quiescence. The deletion of Btg1 leads to an early transient increase of stem/progenitor cells division, followed, however, by a decrease during adulthood of their proliferative capability, accompanied by apoptosis. Since a physiological decrease of neurogenesis occurs during aging, the Btg1 knockout mouse may represent a model of neural aging. We have previously observed that the defective neurogenesis of the Btg1 knockout model is rescued by the powerful neurogenic stimulus of physical exercise (running). To identify genes responsible for stem and progenitor cells maintenance, we sought here to find genes underlying this premature neural aging, and whose deregulated expression could be rescued by running. Through RNA sequencing we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of the dentate gyrus isolated from Btg1 wild-type or Btg1 knockout adult (2-month-old) mice submitted to physical exercise or sedentary. In Btg1 knockout mice, 545 genes were deregulated, relative to wild-type, while 2081 genes were deregulated by running. We identified 42 genes whose expression was not only down-regulated in the dentate gyrus of Btg1 knockout, but was also counter-regulated to control levels by running in Btg1 knockout mice, vs. sedentary. Among these 42 counter-regulated genes, alpha-synuclein (Snca), Fos, Arc and Npas4 showed significantly greater differential regulation. These genes control neural proliferation, apoptosis, plasticity and memory and are involved in aging. In particular, Snca expression decreases during aging. We tested, therefore, whether an Snca-expressing lentivirus, by rescuing the defective Snca levels in the dentate gyrus of Btg1 knockout mice, could also reverse the aging phenotype, in particular the defective neurogenesis. We found that the exogenous expression of Snca reversed the Btg1 knockout-dependent decrease of stem cell proliferation as well as the increase of progenitor cell apoptosis. This indicates that Snca has a functional role in the process of neural aging observed in this model, and also suggests that Snca acts as a positive regulator of stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Creanza
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio D'Andrea
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- Preclinical Neuroscience, European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Ancona
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- Preclinical Neuroscience, European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scardigli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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8
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Xu M, Zhu J, Liu XD, Luo MY, Xu NJ. Roles of physical exercise in neurodegeneration: reversal of epigenetic clock. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:30. [PMID: 34389067 PMCID: PMC8361623 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic clock is defined by the DNA methylation (DNAm) level and has been extensively applied to distinguish biological age from chronological age. Aging-related neurodegeneration is associated with epigenetic alteration, which determines the status of diseases. In recent years, extensive research has shown that physical exercise (PE) can affect the DNAm level, implying a reversal of the epigenetic clock in neurodegeneration. PE also regulates brain plasticity, neuroinflammation, and molecular signaling cascades associated with epigenetics. This review summarizes the effects of PE on neurodegenerative diseases via both general and disease-specific DNAm mechanisms, and discusses epigenetic modifications that alleviate the pathological symptoms of these diseases. This may lead to probing of the underpinnings of neurodegenerative disorders and provide valuable therapeutic references for cognitive and motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - JiaYi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xian-Dong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ming-Ying Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Nan-Jie Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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9
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Daniele S, Baldacci F, Piccarducci R, Palermo G, Giampietri L, Manca ML, Pietrobono D, Frosini D, Nicoletti V, Tognoni G, Giorgi FS, Lo Gerfo A, Petrozzi L, Cavallini C, Franzoni F, Ceravolo R, Siciliano G, Trincavelli ML, Martini C, Bonuccelli U. α-Synuclein Heteromers in Red Blood Cells of Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:885-893. [PMID: 33579836 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) contain the majority of α-synuclein (α-syn) in blood, representing an interesting model for studying the peripheral pathological alterations proved in neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of total α-syn, amyloid-β (Aβ1-42), tau, and their heteroaggregates in RBCs of Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to healthy controls (HC). METHODS By the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, RBCs concentrations of total α-syn, Aβ1-42, tau, and their heteroaggregates (α-syn/Aβ1-42 and α-syn/tau) were measured in 27 individuals with LBD (Parkinson's disease dementia, n = 17; dementia with Lewy bodies, n = 10), 51 individuals with AD (AD dementia, n = 37; prodromal AD, n = 14), and HC (n = 60). RESULTS The total α-syn and tau concentrations as well as α-syn/tau heterodimers were significantly lower in the LBD group and the AD group compared with HC, whereas α-syn/Aβ1-42 concentrations were significantly lower in the AD dementia group only. RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers had a higher diagnostic accuracy for differentiating patients with LBD versus HC (AUROC = 0.80). CONCLUSION RBC α-syn heteromers may be useful for differentiating between neurodegenerative dementias (LBD and AD) and HC. In particular, RBC α-syn/tau heterodimers have demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for differentiating LBD from HC. However, they are not consistently different between LBD and AD. Our findings also suggest that α-syn, Aβ1-42, and tau interact in vivo to promote the aggregation and accumulation of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Linda Giampietri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Manca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Frosini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Nicoletti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Tognoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Sean Giorgi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lo Gerfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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10
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Epigenetics in Lewy Body Diseases: Impact on Gene Expression, Utility as a Biomarker, and Possibilities for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134718. [PMID: 32630630 PMCID: PMC7369933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewy body disorders (LBD) include Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). They are synucleinopathies with a heterogeneous clinical manifestation. As a cause of neuropathological overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases, the establishment of a correct clinical diagnosis is still challenging, and clinical management may be difficult. The combination of genetic variation and epigenetic changes comprising gene expression-modulating DNA methylation and histone alterations modifies the phenotype, disease course, and susceptibility to disease. In this review, we summarize the results achieved in the deciphering of the LBD epigenome. To provide an appropriate context, first LBD genetics is briefly outlined. Afterwards, a detailed review of epigenetic modifications identified for LBD in human cells, postmortem, and peripheral tissues is provided. We also focus on the difficulty of identifying epigenome-related biomarker candidates and discuss the results obtained so far. Additionally, epigenetic changes as therapeutic targets, as well as different epigenome-based treatments, are revised. The number of studies focusing on PD is relatively limited and practically inexistent for DLB. There is a lack of replication studies, and some results are even contradictory, probably due to differences in sample collection and analytical techniques. In summary, we show the current achievements and directions for future research.
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Swenson S, Blum K, McLaughlin T, Gold MS, Thanos PK. The therapeutic potential of exercise for neuropsychiatric diseases: A review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116763. [PMID: 32305746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have a myriad of health benefits. There is much to be learned from the effects of exercise and its potential for prevention, attenuation and treatment of multiple neuropsychiatric diseases and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, recent data and research on exercise benefits with respect to major health crises, such as, that of opioid and general substance use disorders, make it very important to better understand and review the mechanisms of exercise and how it could be utilized for effective treatments or adjunct treatments for these diseases. In addition, mechanisms, epigenetics and sex differences are examined and discussed in terms of future research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Swenson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Western Univesity Health Sciences, Graduate College, Pomona, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark S Gold
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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12
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Ferioli M, Zauli G, Maiorano P, Milani D, Mirandola P, Neri LM. Role of physical exercise in the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms in inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging process. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14852-14864. [PMID: 30767204 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The genetic heritage for decades has been considered to respond only to gene promoters or suppressors, with specific roles for oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes. Epigenetics is progressively attracting increasing interest because it has demonstrated the capacity of these regulatory processes to regulate the gene expression without modifying gene sequence. Several factors may influence epigenetics, such as lifestyles including food selection. A role for physical exercise is emerging in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this review, we resume physiological and pathological implications of epigenetic modification induced by the physical activity (PA). Inflammation and cancer mechanisms, immune system, central nervous system, and the aging process receive benefits due to PA through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, the modulation of epigenetic processes by physical exercise positively influences prevention, development, and the course of inflammatory and cancer diseases, as well as neurodegenerative illnesses. This growing field of studies gives rise to a new role for PA as an option in prevention strategies and to integrate pharmacological therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ferioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Maiorano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Exercise Modalities Improve Aversive Memory and Survival Rate in Aged Rats: Role of Hippocampal Epigenetic Modifications. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8408-8419. [PMID: 31250382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of aging and different exercise modalities on aversive memory and epigenetic landscapes at brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cFos, and DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (Bdnf, cFos, and Dnmt3a, respectively) gene promoters in hippocampus of rats. Specifically, active epigenetic histone markers (H3K9ac, H3K4me3, and H4K8ac) and a repressive mark (H3K9me2) were evaluated. Adult and aged male Wistar rats (2 and 22 months old) were subjected to aerobic, acrobatic, resistance, or combined exercise modalities for 20 min, 3 times a week, during 12 weeks. Aging per se altered histone modifications at the promoters of Bdnf, cFos, and Dnmt3a. All exercise modalities improved both survival rate and aversive memory performance in aged animals (n = 7-10). Exercise altered hippocampal epigenetic marks in an age- and modality-dependent manner (n = 4-5). Aerobic and resistance modalities attenuated age-induced effects on hippocampal Bdnf promoter H3K4me3. Besides, exercise modalities which improved memory performance in aged rats were able to modify H3K9ac or H3K4me3 at the cFos promoter, which could increase gene transcription. Our results highlight biological mechanisms which support the efficacy of all tested exercise modalities attenuating memory deficits induced by aging.
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Cressatti M, Song W, Turk AZ, Garabed LR, Benchaya JA, Galindez C, Liberman A, Schipper HM. Glial HMOX1 expression promotes central and peripheral α-synuclein dysregulation and pathogenicity in parkinsonian mice. Glia 2019; 67:1730-1744. [PMID: 31180611 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Expression of human heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in astrocytes of GFAP.HMOX1 transgenic (TG) mice between 8.5 and 19 months of age results in a parkinsonian phenotype characterized by neural oxidative stress, nigrostriatal hypodopaminergia associated with locomotor incoordination, and overproduction of α-synuclein. We identified two microRNAs (miR-), miR-153 and miR-223, that negatively regulate α-synuclein in the basal ganglia of male and female GFAP.HMOX1 mice. Serum concentrations of both miRNAs progressively declined in the wild-type (WT) and GFAP.HMOX1 mice between 11 and 19 months of age. Moreover, at each time point surveyed, circulating levels of miR-153 were significantly lower in the TG animals compared to WT controls, while α-synuclein protein concentrations were elevated in erythrocytes of the GFAP.HMOX1 mice at 19 months of age relative to WT values. Primary WT neurons co-cultured with GFAP.HMOX1 astrocytes exhibited enhanced protein oxidation, mitophagy and apoptosis, aberrant expression of genes regulating the dopaminergic phenotype, and an imbalance in gene expression profiles governing mitochondrial fission and fusion. Many, but not all, of these neuronal abnormalities were abrogated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of α-synuclein, implicating α-synuclein as a potent, albeit partial, mediator of HO-1's neurodystrophic effects in these parkinsonian mice. Overexpression of HO-1 in stressed astroglia has previously been documented in the substantia nigra of idiopathic PD and may promote α-synuclein production and toxicity by downmodulating miR-153 and/or miR-223 both within the CNS and in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cressatti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wei Song
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ariana Z Turk
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurianne R Garabed
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joshua A Benchaya
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carmela Galindez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adrienne Liberman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hyman M Schipper
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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High Levels of β-Amyloid, Tau, and Phospho-Tau in Red Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Neuropathology in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5030475. [PMID: 31281579 PMCID: PMC6590616 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common Neurodegenerative Disease (ND), primarily characterised by neuroinflammation, neuronal plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau. α-Synuclein (α-syn) and its heteroaggregates with Aβ and tau have been recently included among the neuropathological elements of NDs. These pathological traits are not restricted to the brain, but they reach peripheral fluids as well. In this sense, Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are emerging as a good model to investigate the biochemical alterations of aging and NDs. Herein, the levels of homo- and heteroaggregates of ND-related proteins were analysed at different stages of disease progression. In particular, a validated animal model of AD, the SAMP8 (Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone) and its control strain SAMR1 (Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Resistant) were used in parallel experiments. The levels of the aforementioned proteins and of the inflammatory marker interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were examined in both brain and RBCs of SAMP8 and SAMR1 at 6 and 8 months. Brain Aβ, tau, and phospho-tau (p-tau) were higher in SAMP8 mice than in control mice and increased with AD progression. Similar accumulation kinetics were found in RBCs, even if slower. By contrast, α-syn and its heterocomplexes (α-syn-Aβ and α-syn-tau) displayed different accumulation kinetics between brain tissue and RBCs. Both brain and peripheral IL-1β levels were higher in SAMP8 mice, but increased sooner in RBCs, suggesting that inflammation might initiate at a peripheral level before affecting the brain. In conclusion, these results confirm RBCs as a valuable model for monitoring neurodegeneration, suggesting peripheral Aβ, tau, and p-tau as potential early biomarkers of AD.
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16
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Triptolide Inhibits Preformed Fibril-Induced Microglial Activation by Targeting the MicroRNA155-5p/SHIP1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6527638. [PMID: 31182996 PMCID: PMC6512043 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6527638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that various forms of α-synuclein- (αSyn-) mediated microglial activation are associated with the progression of Parkinson's disease. MicroRNA-155-5p (miR155-5p) is one of the most important microRNAs and enables a robust inflammatory response. Triptolide (T10) is a natural anti-inflammatory component, isolated from a traditional Chinese herb. The objective of the current study was to identify the role and potential regulatory mechanism of T10 in αSyn-induced microglial activation via the miR155-5p mediated SHIP1 signaling pathway. Mouse primary microglia were exposed to monomers, oligomers, and preformed fibrils (PFFs) of human wild-type αSyn, respectively. The expressions of TNFα and IL-1β, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qPCR, demonstrated that PFFs initiated the strongest immunogenicity in microglia. Application of inhibitors of toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2, TLR4, and TLR9 indicated that PFFs activated microglia mainly via the NF-κB pathway by binding TLR1/2 and TLR4. Treatment with T10 significantly suppressed PFF-induced microglial activation and attenuated the release of proinflammatory cytokines including TNFα and IL-1β. Levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, IKKα/β, p-IKKα/β, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, PI3K, p-PI3K, t-Akt, p-Akt and SHIP1 were measured via Western blot. Levels of miR155-5p were measured by qPCR. The results demonstrated that SHIP1 acted as a downstream target molecule of miR155-5p. Treatment with T10 did not alter the expression of IRAK1 and TRAF6, but significantly decreased the expression of miR155-5p, resulting in upregulation of SHIP1 and repression of NF-κB activity, suggesting inhibition of inflammation and microglial activation. The protective effects of T10 were abolished by the use of SHIP1 siRNA and its inhibitor, 3AC, and miR155-5p mimics. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that treatment with T10 suppressed microglial activation and attenuated the release of proinflammatory cytokines by suppressing NF-κB activity via targeting the miR155-5p/SHIP1 pathway in PFFs-induced microglial activation.
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Bennett SA, Cobos SN, Meykler M, Fallah M, Rana N, Chen K, Torrente MP. Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30958470 DOI: 10.3791/59104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD), cause the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives each year. Effective treatment options able to halt disease progression are lacking. Despite the extensive sequencing efforts in large patient populations, the majority of ALS and PD cases remain unexplained by genetic mutations alone. Epigenetics mechanisms, such as the post-translational modification of histone proteins, may be involved in neurodegenerative disease etiology and progression and lead to new targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Mammalian in vivo and in vitro models of ALS and PD are costly and often require prolonged and laborious experimental protocols. Here, we outline a practical, fast, and cost-effective approach to determining genome-wide alterations in histone modification levels using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system. This protocol allows for comprehensive investigations into epigenetic changes connected to neurodegenerative proteinopathies that corroborate previous findings in different model systems while significantly expanding our knowledge of the neurodegenerative disease epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Bennett
- Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York
| | - Samantha N Cobos
- Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana P Torrente
- Chemistry Department, Brooklyn College; Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York;
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