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Beressa G, Whiting SJ, Kuma MN, Lencha B, Belachew T. Association between anemia in pregnancy with low birth weight and preterm birth in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310329. [PMID: 39264971 PMCID: PMC11392424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia in pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight (LBW) or preterm birth (PTB). However, the evidence from primary studies on anemia in pregnancy with LBW and PTB is contentious. Moreover, a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize these findings have not been conducted for Ethiopia. This study aimed to synthesize the best available evidence and quantify the strength and direction of the association of anemia in Ethiopia. METHODS This review examined women with singleton pregnancies with low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB). We retrieved studies from PubMed, Wiley, Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar from inception to February 2, 2024. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines anemia in pregnancy as a low blood haemoglobin (Hgb) concentration below 11 g/dl or a hematocrit level of < 33%. When the newborn's weight was below 2500 g, LBW was considered. Preterm birth refers to the birth of a baby before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Meta-analysis was conducted using fixed and random effects models. The degree of heterogeneity, publication bias, and quality of the evidence of studies was assessed. RESULTS There were 35 and 8 studies, with 14,319 and 3,265 respondents included in the meta-analysis for LBW and PTB, respectively. Neonates born to women who had normal Hgb levels were less likely to be LBW [pooled odds ratio (POR) = 0.22, 95% CI: (0.17, 0.28); I2 = 80%] (low-quality evidence). Neonates born to women with normal Hgb levels had a lower risk of PTB [POR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.28; I2 = 19%] (very low-quality evidence). The effect size estimate remained significant after sub-group analysis based on study design and province, except in two retrospective cohort studies for LBW. CONCLUSION The findings suggest major implications for strengthening the implementation of nutrition policies to prevent anemia during pregnancy in Ethiopia. Further research is warranted to assess interventions that are effective in combating maternal anemia to reduce rates of LBW and PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Beressa
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Susan J. Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Melesse Niguse Kuma
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Lencha
- Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Nasir M, Ayele HM, Aman R, Hussein K. Magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in governmental health facilities of Shashemene Town, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1409752. [PMID: 39296845 PMCID: PMC11408211 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1409752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anemia during pregnancy is a common issue that significantly affects the health of both the mother and her child. Globally, anemia is a major public health concern, affecting both developing and developed countries, with approximately 1.3 billion people affected. Pregnant women are among the most vulnerable to anemia. Objective To assess the magnitude and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Shashemene Town, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 pregnant women in Shashemene Town in April 2022. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires, along with laboratory examinations of blood and stool samples. The data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Bivariate logistic regression was performed, and variables with a p-value of <0.25 were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CIs were calculated, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Finally, the results are presented using narration, descriptive statistics, such as tables, graphs, and charts. Results The prevalence of anemia was found to be 30.9% (95% CI: 26.4, 35.4%). Factors significantly associated with a reduced risk of anemia included high dietary diversity (AOR = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.105-0.451), no history of excessive menstrual bleeding (AOR = 0.162, 95% CI 0.076-0.345), age 25-34 years (AOR = 0.391, 95% CI 0.173-0.883), and age ≥ 35 years (AOR = 0.068, 95% CI 0.011-0.444). Conversely, a mild upper arm circumference (MUAC) of <23 cm (AOR = 4.939, 95% CI 2.330-10.469), no use of contraceptives (AOR = 4.935, 95% CI 2.207-11.032), and no iron supplementation use (AOR = 3.588, 95% CI 1.794-7.175) were significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia. Conclusion According to the WHO classification, anemia in this study was found to be a moderate public health issue. High dietary diversity, no previous excessive menstrual bleeding, and age were significantly associated with a reduced risk of anemia, whereas a MUAC of <23 cm, no contraceptive use, and no iron supplementation were significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia. Therefore, promoting diverse diets among pregnant women, providing counseling on the benefits of family planning and iron-folic acid supplements, and improving women's education and empowerment are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekiya Nasir
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Molla Ayele
- Maternal and Child Health Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rameto Aman
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
| | - Kelil Hussein
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
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Shimels T, Gashawbeza B, Fenta TG. Validation of the Amharic version of perceived access to healthcare services for patients with cervical cancer in Ethiopia: A second-order confirmatory factor analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300815. [PMID: 38748736 PMCID: PMC11095753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accessing healthcare services is a multifaceted phenomenon involving various elements, encompassing the demand, identification, reach, and utilization of healthcare needs. The literature offers methods for capturing patients' perceptions of healthcare access. However, to accurately measure patient perceptions, it is imperative to ensure the validity and reliability of such instruments by designing and implementing localized language versions. AIM The primary aim of this study was to validate the Amharic version of the perceived access to health-care services among patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in Ethiopia. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted among cervical cancer patients at oncology centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A consecutive sampling approach was used and data collection took place from January 1 to March 30, 2023. Following initial validation and pretesting, a KoboCollect mobile phone application was employed for data collection. Subsequently, the collected data underwent cleaning in Microsoft Excel and analysis through Amos software v.26 and R programming. Various validity and reliability tests, such as content validity, convergent validity, face validity, divergent validity, known-group validity, and reliability tests, were executed. A second-order confirmatory factor analysis was developed to calculate incremental model fit indices, including CFI and TLI, along with absolute measures, namely SRMR and RMSEA. RESULTS A total of 308 participants were involved in the study, with 202 (65.6%) being patients referred from outside Addis Ababa. The initial evaluation of content validity by expert panels indicated that all criteria were met, with a CVR range of 0.5 to 1, I-CVI values ranging from 0.75 to 1, an S-CVI value of 0.91, and face validity values ranging from 2.4 to 4.8. The internal consistency of items within the final constructs varied from 0.76 to 0.93. Convergent, known-group, and most divergent validity tests fell within acceptable fit ranges. Common incremental fit measures for CFI and TLI were achieved with corresponding values of 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. The absolute fit measures of SRMR and RMSEA were 0.04 and 0.07, indicating good and moderate fit, respectively. CONCLUSION The study indicated a high internal consistency and validity of items with good fit to the data, suggesting potential accuracy of the domains. A five-domain structure was developed which enables adequate assessment of perceived access to health-care services of patients with cervical cancer in Ethiopia. We suggest that the tool can be utilized in other patient populations with a consideration of additional constructs, such as geographic accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Shimels
- Research Directorate, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Biruck Gashawbeza
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teferi Gedif Fenta
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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AlQarni AM, Alghamdi AA, Aljubran HJ, Bamalan OA, Abuzaid AH, AlYahya MA, AlAwami AM, Al Shubbar MD, Al Yousif GF. Exploring the Impact of Iron Deficiency Anaemia on Glycated Haemoglobin A1c Levels in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review. Int J Womens Health 2024; 16:797-809. [PMID: 38765207 PMCID: PMC11100956 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s462163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is fundamental in monitoring glycaemic control during pregnancy. However, several conditions could affect this test's accuracy, including iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Hence, this systematic review delves into the underexplored connection between IDA, iron replacement therapy (IRT), and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) during pregnancy. An electronic search of the Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Embase databases was conducted by six authors. From a comprehensive search strategy, 968 records were obtained. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven studies were included, comprising 365 women selected for analysis. Six studies indicated a positive correlation between IDA and HbA1c levels, while one found no correlation. The average HbA1c level of the included studies in pregnant women was 5.64%. In comparison, it was found that non-pregnant women had lower HbA1c levels. Among the included studies, the mean HbA1c levels decreased from 5.1% to 4.89% after treating pregnant women with IRT. The review emphasises the complexity of interpreting HbA1c levels in pregnant women with IDA, highlighting the influence of pregnancy-induced physiological changes. In addition, this suggests that HbA1c should not be the sole criterion for diabetes management in pregnant women with IDA. Future research should focus on alternative glycaemic monitoring methods unaffected by IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M AlQarni
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A Alghamdi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain J Aljubran
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Bamalan
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Abuzaid
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A AlYahya
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M AlAwami
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ghada F Al Yousif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Bakrim S, Hichou NE, Driss EKB, Aboulaghras S, Balahbib A, Bouyahya A, Masrar A. Prevalence of anemia and associated factors in a Moroccan population from the Northwestern region of Morocco (M'diq-Fnideq-Martil Prefecture). Pan Afr Med J 2023; 44:131. [PMID: 37333783 PMCID: PMC10276341 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.44.131.35991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction anemia remains a major public health challenge worldwide, frequently having multifactorial causes and wide-ranging, largely underestimated repercussions. The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of anemia and identify associated factors in a group of children, adults, and pregnant women. Methods our sample consisted of a total of 1360 volunteers (group I: 410 school-aged children aged 5-11 years; group II: 533 adults aged 16 to 65 years; group III: 417 pregnant women aged 17 to 45 years) randomly selected from different towns of the M'diq-Fnideq prefecture, Morocco from March 2018 to September 2018. Data on socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary status were collected from a questionnaire survey. A complete blood count was performed using a hematology analyzer, Sysmex KX21N® (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan), in the hematology laboratory of the Mohamed VI Hospital of M'diq. Results anemia was found in 31% of children, 52.4% of adults, and 22.5% of pregnant women. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was the most dominant type of anemia in children, adults, and pregnant women with percentages of 40.6%, 48.7%, and 43.5%, respectively. Mild anemia was much more common than moderate and severe anemia in all groups. Furthermore, anemia was associated with low socioeconomic and educational levels in adults (22.8% versus 27.9%) and pregnant women (18.1% versus 16.8%). Schoolchildren with illiterate parents and low socioeconomic levels are the most affected by anemia, with a prevalence of 75% and 69.44%, respectively. Also, children with insufficient stature are at a high risk for anemia compared to children of normal stature (p<0.001). As for weight for age, the odds ratio (OR) was 4.32. A significant difference between underweight and anemia was revealed (p<0.001). A frequency of meat product, vegetables, and fruit consumption lower than 1.5 times per week increases the risk of anemia in schoolchildren. Conclusion these findings showed a significant prevalence of anemia in all study groups associated with socioeconomic, anthropometric, and nutritional factors. However, further studies are needed to focus on interventions and etiologies in order to limit potential complications, especially in schoolchildren and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Molecular Engineering, Biotechnology and Innovation Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
- Hematology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Central Hematology Laboratory, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Najoua El Hichou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - El Khalil Ben Driss
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Azlarab Masrar
- Hematology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Central Hematology Laboratory, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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Dejene BE, Abuhay TM, Bogale DS. Predicting the level of anemia among Ethiopian pregnant women using homogeneous ensemble machine learning algorithm. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 36138398 PMCID: PMC9494842 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 115,000 maternal deaths and 591,000 prenatal deaths occurred in the world per year with anemia, the reduction of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. The world health organization divides anemia in pregnancy into mild anemia (Hb 10-10.9 g/dl), moderate anemia (Hb 7.0-9.9 g/dl), and severe anemia (Hb < 7 g/dl). This study aims to predict the level of anemia among pregnant women in the case of Ethiopia using homogeneous ensemble machine learning algorithms. METHODS This study was conducted following a design science approach. The data were gathered from the Ethiopian demographic health survey and preprocessed to get quality data that are suitable for the machine learning algorithm to develop a model that predicts the levels of anemia among pregnant. Decision tree, random forest, cat boost, and extreme gradient boosting with class decomposition (one versus one and one versus rest) and without class decomposition were employed to build the predictive model. For constructing the proposed model, twelve experiments were conducted with a total of 29,104 instances with 23 features, and a training and testing dataset split ratio of 80/20. RESULTS The overall accuracy of random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and cat boost without class decompositions is 91.34%, 94.26%, and 97.08.90%, respectively. The overall accuracy of random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and cat boost with one versus one is 94.4%, 95.21%, and 97.44%, respectively. The overall accuracy of random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and cat boost with one versus the rest are 94.4%, 94.54%, and 97.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION Finally, the researcher decided to use cat boost algorithms with one versus the rest for further use in the development of artifacts, model deployment, risk factor analysis, and generating rules because it has registered better performance with 97.6% accuracy. The most determinant risk factors of anemia among pregnant women were identified using feature importance. Some of them are the duration of the current pregnancy, age, source of drinking water, respondent's (pregnant women) occupation, number of household members, wealth index, husband/partner's education level, and birth history.
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Sangeetha T, Anand AV, Begum TN. Assessment of Inter-relationship between Anemia and COPD In Accordance with Altitude. Open Respir Med J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18743064-v16-e2206270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Anemia, a common blood disorder has been analysed for the risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a predominant respiratory condition. The COPD patients have been found to have anemia due to inflammation, accounting for about 7.5-33%.
Objectives:
To predict the influence of anemia in the COPD occurrence as well as to depict the role of change in altitudes in the occurrence of anemic as well as COPD.
Methodology:
A total of 17 hematological parameters has been analysed in the anemic and COPD patients along with the control samples of low and high altitude regions and the significance of the results has been calculated.
Results:
The hematological parameter comparison between anemia and COPD samples of two different altitudes showed highly significant variations (p<0.001) as well as slighter significant variations (p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.1) in most of the parameters as well as the prevalence of anemic condition among the COPD patients was significant.
Conclusion:
The considered hematological parameters shown to have a considerable influence in the occurrence of anemia and COPD as well as in the occurrence of anemia in COPD patients along with the change in altitudes.
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The effect of maternal anaemia on low birth weight among newborns in Northwest Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15280. [PMID: 36088384 PMCID: PMC9464186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLow birth weight is an indicator of maternal-related multifactorial problems such as malnutrition, illness, and work overload. As a result, low birth weight is associated with maternal anaemia, and both of them were significant public health issues in developing nations. Low birth weight and anaemia are caused by insufficient nutrient intake, which is especially severe during pregnancy. So, this study aimed to assess the effect of maternal anaemia during the late trimester on low birth weight among newborns in Northwest Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 211 participants for the primary data collection. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data, while blood samples were collected using standard operating procedures. For further analysis, the data file was imported into Stata version 16 (MP) software. The binary logistic regression model was used to investigate significant factors related to low birth weight. Finally, the statistical significance of the variables was determined using a p value of ≤ 0.05. The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the late trimester and newborns was 34 (16.11%, 95% CI: 11.42, 21.78) and 64 (30.33%, 95% CI: 24.20, 37.01), respectively. The mean ± standard deviation of the newborn babies' weight was 3.19 ± 0.49 kg. The proportion of low birth weight among newborns was 26 (12.32%, 95% CI: 8.20, 17.53%). The independent effect of anaemia on low birth weight was 4.19 times while all other factors were constant (COR = 4.19, 95% CI: 1.70, 10.30). Maternal educational status [unable to read and write (AOR = 10.94, 95% CI: 1.74, 68.58) and attained secondary education (AOR = 8.06, 95% CI: 1.53, 42.36)], and maternal anaemia (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.29, 9.55) were associated with low birth weight after adjusting with all other variables. In this study, the proportion of low birth weight was high. Here, maternal anaemia alone had a significant independent role in the development of low birth weight. Maternal education status and anaemic conditions were associated with low birth weight among newborns. Early detection and treatment of maternal anaemia during pregnancy is crucial with the usual nutritional-related care.
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Prevalence and predictors of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267005. [PMID: 35895619 PMCID: PMC9328503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
In Ethiopia limited information is available regarding the prevalence and predictors of anemia in pregnancy. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the pooled prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia and also identified its predictors.
Materials and methods
The published primary studies were searched in the following electronic databases; PubMed/Medline, Google scholars, AJOL, and EMBASE. All primary studies published from 01/01/2010 to 30/05/2020 and written in English language were included without restriction on study setting and design. Critical appraisal of all available articles was done and extracted data was analyzed using STATA software version 14. The pooled prevalence of anemia was presented using a forest plot. The I2 statistical test for heterogeneity, and the Egger’s and Begg’s tests for publication bias were used. The relative risk was used to assess the association of predictor variables with anemia.
Result
After screening 274 articles, sixty studies were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 26.4(95% CI: 23.1, 29.6). Sub-group analysis showed higher pooled prevalence from community-based studies than institutional-based studies. Factors that were protective against maternal anemia included urban residence, formal education and smaller family size. Short birth interval and not having antenatal care (ANC) are associated with a higher risk of maternal anemia. Women with low dietary diversity [RR: 2.61(95% CI, 1.85, 3.68)], mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 23 cm [RR: 2.35(95% CI, 1.53, 3.68)] and those not taking iron-folic acid [RR: 1.53(95% CI: 1.30, 1.81)] also had a higher risk of anemia.
Conclusion
Almost one in four pregnant women in Ethiopia had anemia. Being literate, living in urban areas with small family size and adequate birth spacing, as well as good dietary diversity are associated with a lower risk of anemia in pregnancy.
Registration number
(ID: CRD42020211054).
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Balis B, Dessie Y, Debella A, Alemu A, Tamiru D, Negash B, Bekele H, Getachew T, Eyeberu A, Mesfin S, Eshetu B, Merga BT, Habte S, Yadeta TA. Magnitude of Anemia and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:867888. [PMID: 35719616 PMCID: PMC9198702 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.867888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia is a significant public health issue, accounting for 20–40% of maternal deaths. Despite the government's commitment and the interventions of various stakeholders, the magnitude and major risk factors of anemia remain unabated. Though there are few documented studies on anemia among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia in general, in the study area in particular, some of the variables such as helminthics and history of caesarian section in relation to anemia need to be studied. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in University Hospital in eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 456 clients who were attending antenatal care in Hiwot Fana specialized university hospital from 01 to 30 June 2021. Systematic sampling was used to select the study participants. A pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and sample collection were used to collect the data. The data were coded, double-entered to Epi data version 3.1, cleaned, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to present frequency distributions. Variables with p-value < 0.25 during bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariate logistic regression models to control for all possible confounders to identify the factors associated with a magnitude of anemia. Odds ratio along with 95% CI were estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. Result A total of 456 participants were interviewed, with a response rate of 96.9%. The magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was 112 [(25.3%) 95%CI: (21.5–29.2%)], of which, 27 (6.10%), 36 (8.13%), and 49 (11.08%) had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Birth interval < 2 years [AOR: 3.24, (95% CI: (1.88, 4.32)], number of children ≥2 [AOR: 2.54, (95% CI: (1.12, 4.64)], monthly income < 1,000 birr [AOR: 2.89, (95% CI: (1.31, 5.58)], third trimester pregnancy [AOR: 2.89, (95% CI: 4.86, 12.62)], and abnormal menstrual history [AOR: 2.28, (95% CI: (1.69, 5.24)] were the factors significantly associated with anemia. Conclusion Anemia among pregnant women was relatively high compared to previous studies. Birth intervals, number of children, history of menstrual disorder, monthly income, and trimester of pregnancy were all significantly associated with anemia in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Tamiru
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Sinetibeb Mesfin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Bajrond Eshetu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Habte
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.,School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Efendi S, Sjattar EL, Syam Y. Health counseling support medication adherence to reguler pulmonary tuberculosis patients. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abdallah F, John SE, Hancy A, Paulo HA, Sanga A, Noor R, Lankoande F, Chimanya K, Masumo RM, Leyna GH. Prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending reproductive and child health clinics in Mbeya region, Tanzania. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000280. [PMID: 36962486 PMCID: PMC10021601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaemia is a global public health issue, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia and to identify factors associated with the condition among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. A cross sectional study was conducted with 420 pregnant women (<28 weeks of gestation) attending antenatal visits in the 7 districts of the Mbeya Region. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and eating habits using a 24hours dietary recall. A blood sample was collected and tested for hemoglobin content using the HemoCue 201+. Multivariate analysis was performed using standard logistic regression to explore the association between anaemia status with socio-demographic, reproductive and nutritional factors. Overall prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women was 25.5%. Out of 107 pregnant women diagnosed with anaemia and, sixty six had mild anaemia. In a multivariate logistical regression analysis anaemic women was associated with pregnant women coming from lower socio-economic status [adjusted OR = 2.40, 95%CI (1.05, 5.48)]. Moreover, anaemia was less associated with pregnant women who were living in Mbeya district council [adjusted OR = 0.28, 95%CI (0.11, 0.72)], consume at least once a day dark green leafy vegetables [adjusted OR = 0.53, 95% CI (0.30, 0.94)], and vegetable liquid cooking oil [adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.34, 0.98)]. The prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women falls in the category of moderate public health problem according to the WHO classification. Low socio-economic status, consumption of green leafy vegetables and vegetable liquid cooking oil were significantly and independently associated with anaemia during pregnancy. Thus, special attention should be given to pregnant women who are in lower socio-economic status and those not consuming vegetables. Interventions that integrate health and nutrition education in reproductive and child health clinics are needed to combat anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdallah
- Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sauli E John
- Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Adam Hancy
- Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Heavenlight A Paulo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, MUHAS, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Abraham Sanga
- The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ramadhan Noor
- The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fatoumata Lankoande
- The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kudakwashe Chimanya
- The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ray M Masumo
- Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Germana H Leyna
- Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, MUHAS, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Fite MB, Assefa N, Mengiste B. Prevalence and determinants of Anemia among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:219. [PMID: 34861892 PMCID: PMC8643002 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is one of the world's leading cause of disability and the most serious global public health issues. This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out very prudently in order to give up the pooled prevalence and determinants of anemia in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODOLOGY To carry out this ephemeral systematic review and meta-analysis, a correlated literature review was done from various sources, PubMed Medline and Google Scholar Journals. Anemia related searching engine was used to make the study more evocative and intensive. We used modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for cross sectional studies to evaluate the quality of the study in relations of their inclusion. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was tracked to conduct this study. The pooled effect size was computed using the review manager and Compressive Meta-analysis software. RESULTS Twenty-fife studies, which encompassed 15,061 pregnant women, were chosen for the analysis. From those an overall prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in SSA was 35.6%. However, the result from meta-analysis showed that women who were infected with intestinal parasite were 3.59 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those who were not infected [OR:3.59, 95% CI (2.44,5.28)].The result showed that women who had no iron and folic-acid supplementation were 1.82 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those women who had iron and folic-acid supplementation {OR:1.82, 95% CI (1.22,2.70]. Women who had women were in third trimester pregnancy were 2.37 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those who were in first and second trimester [OR:2.37, 95% CI (1.78, 3.24)]. Women who had low dietary diversity score were 3.59 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those who had high dietary diversity score [OR: 3.59, 95% CI (2.44, 5.28]. CONCLUSIONS Our finding from this systematic review and meta-analysis displays the high case in prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Predictors for this includes: intestinal parasite, iron and folic-acid supplementation, third trimester pregnancy and dietary diversified intake score were statistically correlated positively with anemia in pregnancy. These need cautious evaluation of impact of prevention effort for operational policy, programs and design nutrition intrusions for refining maternal food consumption during pregnancy. Also, dietary education intrusion requires to be prearranged to satisfy the desires of pregnant women. The finding of this work will be used as an evidences for policy makers of Africa; entirely for maternal and child health care. Lastly, we suggested further investigations to be carried out in the area of the study for more rigorous and comprehensive recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Belete Fite
- Department of Public health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| | - Nega Assefa
- Department of Public health, School of public health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bizatu Mengiste
- Department of Public health, School of public health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Shimels T. Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacted Healthcare Service Uptake at Hospitals in Addis Ababa? Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:689-698. [PMID: 34703167 PMCID: PMC8512930 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus has caused a profound impact on service utilization or delivery practices of health facilities globally. This study aims to evaluate the trend of health service utilization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st through 30th of August 2020 using a mixed-methods design. For the quantitative evaluation, ten months' time-series data, starting from September 2019 to July 2020 was retrieved from the HMIS unit of each hospital. Microsoft excel v.2010 was used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected using a semi-structured key-informant interview guide and analyzed using QDA-minor software. Results Twelve service delivery departments were included in the evaluation of each hospital. Of all, OPD, ART, VCT, PICT, and EPI services showed major disruption in both hospitals following the COVID-19 outbreak. Noticeable change was recorded in March and April for most units. Qualitative exploration showed multiple challenges namely; inadequate supply, poor infrastructure, low service utilization, staff workload, increased risk, poor job satisfaction of health professionals, and perception or attitude-related problems to be persistent at the hospitals. Conclusion Main service delivery units of the hospitals, such as OPD, ART, VCT, PICT, and EPI have faced massive depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The facilities had also encountered multifaceted challenges most from the internal environment. Immediate action should be in place to halt the negative impacts of the pandemic on the identified spots and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Shimels
- Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Azza A, Susilo C. The Cultural Assessment Model as an Evaluation Indicator for Nutritional Adequacy in Pregnant Women with Pre-eclampsia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia is one of the complications of pregnancy in many communities with low socioeconomic conditions. The lack of intake of quality nutrition can be a precipitating factor in the occurrence of this complication.
AIM: This study aims to find out the nutritional adequacy for pregnant women through the transcultural model assessment using correlational design and a cross-sectional approach in pregnant women at the third trimester.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diagnosis of pre-eclampsia was identified through a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg and proteinuria. There were 222 samples with purposive sampling. The data were obtained through questionnaires and the interview results were used as secondary data. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (CI) of 95%, and the alpha value of 0.05.
RESULTS: The analysis of the nutritional adequacy with the incidence of pre-eclampsia confirmed that the carbohydrate with OR of 5.250 (OR = 3.545, 95% CI = 2.098, 13.158), folic acid (OR = 16,838, 95% CI = 2.222, 127.64), and vegetable (OR of 4.00, 95% CI = 1.619, 9.885) which are related to the incidence of pre-eclampsia.
CONCLUSION: The fulfillment of the daily nutrition of pregnant women is greatly influenced by the culture and myth developed in society. An assessment using the transcultural model approach can give a lot of information about the influence of culture in pregnant women’s daily life.
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Kare AP, Gujo AB. Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Care Clinic in Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Health Serv Insights 2021; 14:11786329211036303. [PMID: 34376992 PMCID: PMC8327009 DOI: 10.1177/11786329211036303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and children. Nevertheless, information regarding the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant in the study area is limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in Adare General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2020, to December 15, 2020, among 340 pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years who came for focused antenatal care follow-up. Trained data collectors administered questionnaires, and collected capillary blood and stool samples. Data were coded and entered into EPI Info 7 and the analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Factors associated with anemia were assessed using binary logistic regression. Those variables that had a P-value less than .25 on bi-variable regression analysis were considered for multi-variable regression analysis. Statistical significance was declared with P < .05. Result The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 24.1% (95% CI: 19.55%-28.69%). The majority of anemia cases were mildly anemic (62.2.0%). Increased odds of anemia was found among pregnant women with household monthly income ⩽2550 Ethiopian Birr (⩽69.67 United States Dollar) (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.76), not attended formal education (AOR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.42, 10.54), not using iron tablets (AOR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.33, 5.27) and infected with Plasmodium vivax (AOR = 7.58; 95% CI: 3.11, 18.47). Conclusions Anemia had moderate public health significance in the study. Low monthly family income, educational status, iron tablet consumption during pregnancy and Plasmodium vivax infection were found to be independent predictors for anemia in pregnancy. The burden of anemia should be alleviated through enhancing maternal socio-economic status, prevention of illnesses targeting pregnant women, and strengthening the expansion of prenatal iron-folate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assefa Philipos Kare
- Department of Social and Population Health, Yirgalem Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia
| | - Amelo Bolka Gujo
- Department of Social and Population Health, Yirgalem Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia
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Hemoglobin Level and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Rural Southwest Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9922370. [PMID: 34104652 PMCID: PMC8159627 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9922370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Anemia is a situation in which the number and size of red blood cells, or the concentration of hemoglobin, fall below established cut-off values. Low hemoglobin level during pregnancy favors the alteration of placental angiogenesis and resulted in restricting the availability of nutrients to the fetus and consequently causing fetal growth retardation and low weight at birth. This study is aimed at assessing the hemoglobin level and associated factors among pregnant women in rural communities of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was carried out among 367 pregnant women from June 1 to 30, 2020. Systematic random sampling was used to select study subjects. Hemoglobin level was measured by using HemoCue HB 301. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study subjects. A multivariable linear regression model was employed after the linearity, normality, multicollinearity, and homoscedasticity assumptions were checked. The unstandardized beta (β) coefficient along with a 95% confidence interval was computed to estimate the association between explanatory and dependant variables. Statistical significance was declared at P value < 0.05. Results The mean (± SD) hemoglobin level of the respondents was 12.66 (±1.44) g/dl. The overall magnitude of anemia (hemoglobin level < 11 g/dl) among pregnant women was found to be 85 [23.16%, (95% CI: 18.3%-27.5%)]. Meal frequency [β = 0.40, (95% CI: 0.12, 0.69), P = 0.005], interpregnancy interval [β = 0.08, (95% CI: 0.02, 0.15), P = 0.007], mid-upper arm circumference measurement [β = 0.13, (95% CI: 0.07, 0.20), P ≤ 0.001], own fruits/vegetable [β = 0.55, (95% CI: 0.79, 0.31), P ≤ 0.001], coffee consumption [β = −1.00, (95% CI: -1.31, -0.68), P ≤ 0.001], and having history of still birth [β = −0.63, (95% CI: -1.06, -0.20), P = 0.004] were significantly associated with the hemoglobin level of pregnant women. Conclusions Anemia was identified to be a moderate public health problem in the study area. Therefore, nutritional counseling should focus on the necessity of at least one extra meal, promotion of fruits/vegetable consumption, and improving the nutritional status of the women during antenatal care follow-up. Moreover, early screening and management of women with a history of stillbirth for anemia are also essential.
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Jugha VT, Anchang-Kimbi JK, Anchang JA, Mbeng KA, Kimbi HK. Dietary Diversity and Its Contribution in the Etiology of Maternal Anemia in Conflict Hit Mount Cameroon Area: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Nutr 2021; 7:625178. [PMID: 33614694 PMCID: PMC7889504 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.625178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the Mount Cameroon area, maternal anemia remains a major public health concern. We hypothesized that nutrient inadequacy may account for the level of anemia in pregnancy. Thus, this study examined the relative effect of dietary diversity on maternal anemia in the study area. Methods: A total of 1,014 consenting pregnant women were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Information on socio-demographic, antenatal characteristics, malaria and anemia control measures were documented. Dietary diversity (DD) was evaluated using the 24-h recall method and hemoglobin (Hb) levels (g/dl) measured using a portable Hb meter. Malaria parasitaemia was diagnosed by blood microscopy. Anemia status was trimester specific. Logistic regression analysis was used determine predictors of maternal anemia. Results: Among the pregnant women enrolled, the mean DD score was 3.5±0.8 SD and only 10.4% had adequate dietary diversity. Anemia prevalence was 40.9%. Majority of the women consumed starchy staples (99.3%) while least consumed foods were dairy (4.5%), eggs (8.3%), fruits and vegetable (vitamin A-rich) (8.6%). A significant lower prevalence of anemia was associated with intake of dairy (P < 0.001), animal protein (P = 0.006), vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (P < 0.001). Furthermore, mean Hb levels were higher (P < 0.001) among women with diverse diets (12.39 ± 1.34) than in those with less diverse diets (10.85 ± 1.33). Predictors of anemia were as follows: study setting [Odd Ratio (OR) = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.07-1.94], occupation (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.16-3.43), number of clinic visits (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.27-2.91), trimester of pregnancy (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.45-7.38), malaria parasitaemia (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.33-2.68), out of home eating (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.03-2.13), and DD (OR = 9.8, 95% CI: 4.56-20.80). The attributable risk of anemia due to dietary diversity was 82.9%. Conclusion: In the study area, DD is a major risk factor for maternal anemia. This finding underscores the importance of content specific nutrition education during clinic visits to improve intake of protein and iron-rich food in anemia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Tita Jugha
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Helen Kuokuo Kimbi
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
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Girma S, Teshome T, Worku M, Solomon T, Kehulu S, Aman R, Bonsa M, Assefa T, Gezahegn H. Anemia and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia. J Blood Med 2020; 11:479-485. [PMID: 33376435 PMCID: PMC7765680 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s285190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, anemia is a public health problem, particularly in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Pregnant women are at a higher risk for anemia and anemic pregnant women often develop complications. Early diagnosis of pregnant women for anemia saves both the life of the newborn and hers. Therefore, the present study intended to assess anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women attending at Madda Walabu University Goba referral hospital. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 3 to May 3, 2019, among pregnant women attending Madda Walabu University Goba referral hospital. A total of 353 respondents were included in the study by using systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected using both face-to-face interview and hemoglobin measurement. The collected data were entered into SPSS and analyzed using both bi-variable and multiple logistic regressions. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 in the multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of anemia was 46.2% (95%CI: 40.9%, 51.5%). Factors significantly associated with anemia were positive stool examination for parasites (AOR=2.9, 95%CI 1.255-6.856), lower consumption of fruits and vegetables (AOR=2.7, 95%CI 1.47-4.86), no iron supplementation (AOR=2.2, 95%CI 1.07-4.45), large family size (AOR=2.1, 95%CI 1.13-3.77), and absence of abortion history (AOR=0.4, 95%CI 0.24-0.77). CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was high. Pregnant women with a previous history of abortion, positive stool for parasite, lower consumption of fruits and vegetables, no iron supplementation and large family size above five were risk factors for anemia. Therefore, encouraging pregnant women to take iron supplementation and to eat fruits and vegetables are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewnet Girma
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Goba, Bale, Ethiopia
| | - Tsion Teshome
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Goba, Bale, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Worku
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Goba, Bale, Ethiopia
| | - Tinbit Solomon
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Goba, Bale, Ethiopia
| | - Selam Kehulu
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Goba, Bale, Ethiopia
| | - Reyana Aman
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Goba, Bale, Ethiopia
| | - Mitiku Bonsa
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Goba, Bale, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Assefa
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Goba, Bale, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Gezahegn
- Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, School of Medicine, Medical Physiology Unit, Goba, Bale, Ethiopia
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Determinants of Anemia among Pregnant Women at Public Hospitals in West Shewa, Central Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study. Anemia 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/2865734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Anemia is highly dominant among pregnant women due to the need for iron for women themselves and their fetuses. Nearly half a billion globally and around one-third in Ethiopia of pregnant women were affected by anemia which has both health and economic impact. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public hospitals in the West Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Central Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in the West Shewa zone, Ethiopia, from February to April 2019. A consecutive sampling was used to select study participants. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire, and the collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 23 for analyses. Descriptive statistics such as tables, graphs, and proportions were used to present the data. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were computed to identify the determinants of anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and
value <0.05 were used to determine the presence of an association. Result. A total of 426 women (142 cases and 284 controls) participated in this study with a 95.3% response rate. Family size >5 (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.34–6.50), peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) (AOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.14–7.13), having the previous history of abortion (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.08–7.47), birth interval <2 years (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.20–5.70), antepartum hemorrhage (APH) (AOR = 6.05, 95% CI: 1.95–18.81), and not using latrine (AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.30–9.24) were the identified determinants of anemia. Conclusions. Family size, PUD, abortion, birth interval, APH, and unable to use latrine were the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, the intervention on anemia prevention should consider the promotion of family planning methods and counseling on latrine utilization.
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Nutritional-Related Predictors of Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Central Ethiopia: An Unmatched Case-Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8824291. [PMID: 33294455 PMCID: PMC7691012 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8824291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Anemia is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries especially among pregnant women. Nearly half of pregnant women in Ethiopia have anemia which has both health and economic impacts. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying nutritional-related predictors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Central Ethiopia, 2019. Methods An unmatched case-control study was conducted at public hospitals in Central Ethiopia from February to April 2019. The consecutive sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire, and the collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and SPSS version 23 for analysis. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were computed to identify predictors of anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value < 0.05 was used to determine the presence of an association. Result A total of 426 pregnant women (142 cases and 284 controls) had participated in this study. Taking tea/coffee immediately after food (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.39-3.99), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of mothers of <23 centimeters (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI: 2.26-6.49), the presence of forbidden food during pregnancy (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.24-3.88), not taking additional food (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.17-3.40), unable to take fruit (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.3-15.47), loss of appetite (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.28-4.09), low dietary diversity score (DDS) (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.83-5.90), and medium DDS (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.46-5.70) were found to be determinants of anemia. Conclusions Taking tea or coffee immediately after food, MUAC of mothers, the presence of forbidden food, not taking additional food, frequency of taking fruit, and dietary diversity were predictors of anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, interventions targeted at prevention of anemia among pregnant mothers should emphatically consider those identified determinants. This finding also highlights the need for strong nutritional counseling to prevent anemia among pregnant mothers during antenatal care follow-ups along with other interventions.
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Yalew M, Adane B, Damtie Y, Kefale B, Arefaynie M, Yasin T. Trend and determinants of anemia change among pregnant and/or lactating women in Ethiopia: A multivariate decomposition analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241975. [PMID: 33206682 PMCID: PMC7673507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though anemia was highly targeted in different global strategies, many pregnant and/or lactating women and children were suffering from it and its complications. Besides this, prior trend analysis has not been conducted among pregnant and/or lactating women in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the trend and determinants of anemia change among pregnant and/or lactating women in Ethiopia. METHODS The study utilized two consecutive Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) datasets. A total of 6,106 and 5,641 pregnant and/or lactating women in 2011 and 2016 survey respectively were included in the analysis. The data were analyzed by using Stata version 14.0. Logit based decomposition analysis was done to identify contributing factors for anemia change and statistical significance was determined by using P-value. RESULTS The trend of anemia was increased from 19% in 2011 to 29% in 2016 EDHS. The analysis revealed that, 8% of the overall change in anemia was because of the change in women's composition. Changes in the composition of pregnant and/or lactating women according to region, economic status and tobacco and/or cigarette use were the major sources of the change. Greater than 90% of the increase in anemia was due to differences in the coefficient. Mostly, the change in behaviors of the Amhara population, those who had a history of terminated pregnancy and use tobacco and/or cigarette were the sources of the change. CONCLUSIONS Anemia among pregnant and/or lactating women was increased against government interventions over the last half-decade in Ethiopia. Programmatic interventions targeting Somali and Dire Dawa regions are still needed to decrease anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Yalew
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Bezawit Adane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yitayish Damtie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Kefale
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Arefaynie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Toyeb Yasin
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Tan J, He G, Qi Y, Yang H, Xiong Y, Liu C, Wang W, Zou K, Lee AH, Sun X, Liu X. Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:670. [PMID: 33160312 PMCID: PMC7648278 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current evidence about anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains elusive in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anemia and IDA and their risk factors in Chinese pregnant women. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted during their antenatal visits. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 24 hospitals from 16 provinces across China were selected. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect information from participants and to extract clinical data from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia and IDA. Results In total, 12,403 pregnant women were enrolled, including 1018 (8.2%) at the first trimester, 3487 (28.1%) at the second, and 7898 (63.7%) at the third. Overall, 19.8% of women were diagnosed with anemia and 13.9% were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of anemia and IDA varied among regions and increased by gestational month, peaking at the eighth gestational month (24.0% for anemia and 17.8% for IDA). Pregnant women at advanced stage of gestation, non-local residents, multiple gestations, multiparity, pre-pregnancy underweight, and those experiencing severe nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, were associated with higher risks of anemia and IDA. Conclusions The prevalence of anemia and IDA during pregnancy are similar to those from developed countries and vary across regions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Guolin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education; West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yana Qi
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education; West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiquan Xiong
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Zou
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xin Sun
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education; West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, China.
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Magnitude of Anemia and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Najo General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Anemia 2020; 2020:8851997. [PMID: 33133691 PMCID: PMC7593740 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8851997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is one of the major causes of morbidity for pregnant women in resource-limited regions. Yet robust research-based evidence on this vital public health problem in remote areas where the problem could be massive is quite limited in Ethiopia, one of the developing countries. Thus, this study is aimed to assess the magnitude of anemia and its associated risk factors among pregnant women attending one of the health facilities in Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed in 2019. A total of 384 pregnant women attending the antenatal care (ANC) unit of Najo General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, were included in the study. Their sociodemographic characteristics, and medical, obstetric, and gynecological history were collected using pretested interview questionnaires. Blood samples were collected from each participant for the determination of malaria parasite and hemoglobin (Hb) level. In addition, stool samples were collected for examination of intestinal parasites. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 25. The overall magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was 37.8% (95% CI, 32.8%–42.3%). The proportion of mild anemia, moderate anemia, and severe anemia was 24%, 11%, and 2.3%, respectively. Some variables such as absence of malaria infection (AOR: 0.195, 95% CI: 0.066–0.576), lack of history of abortion (AOR: 0.469, 95% CI: 0.265–0.830), and absence of history of anemia (AOR: 0.227, 95% CI: 0.134–0.385) were identified as protective variables of anemia during pregnancy, while urban residence (AOR: 1.753, 95% CI: 1.013–3.034) was unexpectedly found as a predisposing factor. Despite the higher number of anemic pregnant women observed in the current study, pregnancy-associated anemia is moderate public health importance in the study area.
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Utilization of a Diet Optimization Model in Ensuring Adequate Intake among Pregnant Women in Selangor, Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234720. [PMID: 31783474 PMCID: PMC6927000 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Achieving nutritional requirements for pregnant women in rural or suburban households while maintaining the intake of local and culture-specific foods can be difficult. Usage of a linear programming approach can effectively generate diet optimization models that incorporate local and culturally acceptable menus. This study aimed to determine whether a realistic and affordable diet that achieves recommended nutrient intakes for pregnant women could be formulated from locally available foods in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the dietary intake of 78 pregnant women using a 24-h dietary recall and a 3-day food record. A market survey was also carried out to estimate the cost of raw foods that are frequently consumed. All linear programming analyses were done using Excel Solver to generate optimal dietary patterns. Our findings showed that the menus designed from diet optimization models using locally available foods would improve dietary adequacy for the seven food groups based on the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines 2010 (MDG 2010) and the 14 nutrients based on Recommended Nutrient Intake 2017 (RNI 2017) in pregnant women. However, inadequacies remained for iron and niacin, indicating that these nutrients may require supplementation.
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Okia CC, Aine B, Kiiza R, Omuba P, Wagubi R, Muwanguzi E, Apecu RO, Okongo B, Oyet C. Prevalence, Morphological Classification, And Factors Associated With Anemia Among Pregnant Women Accessing Antenatal Clinic At Itojo Hospital, South Western Uganda. J Blood Med 2019; 10:351-357. [PMID: 31695541 PMCID: PMC6815785 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s216613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the prevalence, morphological classification, and risk factors of anemia among pregnant mothers attending antenatal clinic at Itojo hospital, Ntungamo district, southwestern Uganda. PATIENTS AND METHODS After obtaining an informed consent, 5mL of blood was collected from the vein of each participant for complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral film report. The CBC was performed using HumaCount 80 hematology analyzer (HUMAN Gesellschaft für Biochemica und Diagnostica mbH Max-Planck-Ring 21 65,205 Wiesbaden Germany). Peripheral blood smears were made and stained using Wright's Romanowsky stain and examined under ×1000 magnification for morphological classification of anemia. Structured questionnaires were administered to each participant to collect information on patients' demography and risk factors of anaemia in pregnancy. The data generated were prepared in EXCEL and later transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the association of socio-demographic characteristics of the participants with anemia. A 95% confidence level was used and statistical significance was reached at p<0.05. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-three participants (n=163) were recruited for the study with the median age of 25 years and range of (17 to 40 years). The overall prevalence of anemia was 12 (7.4%), the morphological classification was 1 (8.3%) normocytic normochromic anemia, 6 (50%) microcytic hypochromic anemia, and 5 (41.7%) macrocytic anemia. Spouse occupation (p=0.03), household income (p=0.04), use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (p=0.001), history of urinary tract infection (p=0.002), use of haematinics (p≤0.001), and history of postpartum hemorrhage (p=0.03) were significantly associated with anemia in pregnancy. CONCLUSION Despite the reported high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in other areas within the country, anemia prevalence was low in this study. Routine screening for anemia at all antenatal care clinics countrywide is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Catherine Okia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Boaz Aine
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ronald Kiiza
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Patrick Omuba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Robert Wagubi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Enoch Muwanguzi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Richard Onyuthi Apecu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Benson Okongo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Caesar Oyet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Allied Health, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
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Berhe B, Mardu F, Legese H, Gebrewahd A, Gebremariam G, Tesfay K, Kahsu G, Negash H, Adhanom G. Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women in Adigrat General Hospital, Tigrai, northern Ethiopia, 2018. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:310. [PMID: 31151463 PMCID: PMC6544916 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anemia remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia, which causes maternal and fetal severe consequences. In Tigrai, there are limited literatures on prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women. Thus, a hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of anemia in Adigrat General Hospital. Data was analyzed and computed using SPSS version 22. p value = 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results Overall prevalence of Anemia among the pregnant women attending Adigrat General Hospital was 7.9%. About 62.5% and 37.5% of the anemic women were with mild (Hgb: 10.0–10.9 g/d1) and moderate (Hgb: 7–9.9 g/dl) type respectively. Factors like, residing in rural areas increases risk of anemia by 6 times (AOR = 6, 95% CI 1.34, 27.6, p = 0.019), participants having current blood loss (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.16, 10.2, p = 0.026), having history of recent abortion (AOR = 7.9, 95% CI 2.23, 28.1, p = 0.001) and gestational age in the third trimester (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.39, 17.6, p = 0.013) were statistically associated with anemia. Generally, prevalence of anemia is found to be low in the study area. However, it should be given due attention. Therefore, strong endeavor is needed to control anemia among pregnant women by assessing different micronutrient deficiencies for further prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brhane Berhe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Aderajew Gebrewahd
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Guesh Gebremariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Kahsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
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