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Chaiyawat P, Sangkhathat S, Chiangjong W, Wongtrakoongate P, Hongeng S, Pruksakorn D, Chutipongtanate S. Targeting pediatric solid tumors in the new era of RNA therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 200:104406. [PMID: 38834094 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in pediatric cancer treatment, poor prognosis remained for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease, given the limitations of approved targeted treatments and immunotherapies. RNA therapeutics offer significant potential for addressing a broad spectrum of diseases, including cancer. Advances in manufacturing and delivery systems are paving the way for the rapid development of therapeutic RNAs for clinical applications. This review summarizes therapeutic RNA classifications and the mechanisms of action, highlighting their potential in manipulating major cancer-related pathways and biological effects. We also focus on the pre-clinical investigation of RNA molecules with efficient delivery systems for their therapeutic potential targeting pediatric solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ra-mathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; MILCH and Novel Therapeutics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Extracellular Vesicle Working Group, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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2
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Balmaceda NB, Petrillo A, Krishnan M, Zhao JJ, Kim S, Klute KA, Sundar R. State-of-the-Art Advancements in Gastroesophageal Cancer Treatment: Harnessing Biomarkers for Precision Care. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e431060. [PMID: 38771996 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_431060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal cancers (GECs) represent a significant clinical challenge. For early resectable GEC, the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors into the perioperative chemotherapy and chemoradiation treatment paradigms are being explored and showing promising results. Frontline management of metastatic GEC is exploring the role of targeted therapies beyond PD-1 inhibitors, including anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 agents, Claudin 18.2 inhibitors, and FGFR2 inhibitors, which have shown considerable efficacy in recent trials. Looking ahead, ongoing trials and emerging technologies such as bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and adoptive cell therapies like chimeric antigen receptor T cells are expected to define the future of GEC management. These advancements signify a paradigm shift toward personalized and immunotherapy-based approaches, offering the potential for improved outcomes and reduced toxicity for patients with GEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Baranda Balmaceda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Mridula Krishnan
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NB
| | - Joseph J Zhao
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunnie Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kelsey A Klute
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NB
| | - Raghav Sundar
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
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3
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Triantafillidis JK, Konstadoulakis MM, Papalois AE. Immunotherapy of gastric cancer: Present status and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:779-793. [PMID: 38516237 PMCID: PMC10950642 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i8.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we comment on the article entitled "Advances and key focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review (1999-2023)," which was published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology. We focused on the results of the authors' bibliometric analysis concerning gastric cancer immunotherapy, which they analyzed in depth by compiling the relevant publications of the last 20 years. Before that, we briefly describe the most recent data concerning the epidemiological parameters of gastric cancer (GC) in different countries, attempting to give an interpretation based on the etiological factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of the neoplasm. We then briefly discuss the conservative treatment (chemotherapy) of the various forms of this malignant neoplasm. We describe the treatment of resectable tumors, locally advanced neoplasms, and unresectable (advanced) cases. Special attention is given to modern therapeutic approaches with emphasis on immunotherapy, which seems to be the future of GC treatment, especially in combination with chemotherapy. There is also a thorough analysis of the results of the study under review in terms of the number of scientific publications, the countries in which the studies were conducted, the authors, and the scientific centers of origin, as well as the clinical studies in progress. Finally, an attempt is made to draw some con-clusions and to point out possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Triantafillidis
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, “Metropolitan General” Hospital, Holargos 15562, Attica, Greece. Hellenic Society for Gastrointestinal Oncology, 354 Iera Odos, Chaidari 12461, Attica, Greece
| | - Manousos M Konstadoulakis
- Second Department of Surgery, University of Athens School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens 11528, Attica, Greece
| | - Apostolos E Papalois
- Unit of Surgical Research and Training, Second Department of Surgery, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens 11528, Attica, Greece
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Adhikary S, Pathak S, Palani V, Acar A, Banerjee A, Al-Dewik NI, Essa MM, Mohammed SGAA, Qoronfleh MW. Current Technologies and Future Perspectives in Immunotherapy towards a Clinical Oncology Approach. Biomedicines 2024; 12:217. [PMID: 38255322 PMCID: PMC10813720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now established as a potent therapeutic paradigm engendering antitumor immune response against a wide range of malignancies and other diseases by modulating the immune system either through the stimulation or suppression of immune components such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. By targeting several immune checkpoint inhibitors or blockers (e.g., PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3) expressed on the surface of immune cells, several monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies have been developed and already translated clinically. In addition, natural killer cell-based, dendritic cell-based, and CAR T cell therapies have been also shown to be promising and effective immunotherapeutic approaches. In particular, CAR T cell therapy has benefited from advancements in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology, allowing the generation of several modified CAR T cells with enhanced antitumor immunity. However, the emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection could hijack a patient's immune system by releasing pro-inflammatory interleukins and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10, and IFN-γ and TNF-α, respectively, which can further promote neutrophil extravasation and the vasodilation of blood vessels. Despite the significant development of advanced immunotherapeutic technologies, after a certain period of treatment, cancer relapses due to the development of resistance to immunotherapy. Resistance may be primary (where tumor cells do not respond to the treatment), or secondary or acquired immune resistance (where tumor cells develop resistance gradually to ICIs therapy). In this context, this review aims to address the existing immunotherapeutic technologies against cancer and the resistance mechanisms against immunotherapeutic drugs, and explain the impact of COVID-19 on cancer treatment. In addition, we will discuss what will be the future implementation of these strategies against cancer drug resistance. Finally, we will emphasize the practical steps to lay the groundwork for enlightened policy for intervention and resource allocation to care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamay Adhikary
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Vignesh Palani
- Faculty of Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Ahmet Acar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye;
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Nader I. Al-Dewik
- Department of Pediatrics, Women’s Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 00974, Qatar;
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | | | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Division, Q3 Research Institute (QRI), Ypsilanti, MI 48917, USA
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Hung SI, Chu MT, Hou MM, Lee YS, Yang CK, Chu SY, Liu FY, Hsu HC, Pao SC, Teng YC, Chen CB, Chao A, Chung WH, Chang JWC, Lai CH. Personalized neoantigen-based T cell therapy triggers cytotoxic lymphocytes expressing polyclonal TCR against metastatic ovarian cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115928. [PMID: 38011788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoantigen-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a vital role in precise cancer cell elimination. In this study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of personalized neoantigen-based T cell therapy in inducing tumor regression in two patients suffering from heavily-burdened metastatic ovarian cancer. Our approach involved the development of a robust pipeline for ex vivo expansion of neoantigen-reactive T lymphocytes. Neoantigen peptides were designed and synthesized based on the somatic mutations of the tumors and their predicted HLA binding affinities. These peptides were then presented to T lymphocytes through co-culture with neoantigen-loaded dendritic cells for ex vivo expansion. Subsequent to cell therapy, both patients exhibited significant reductions in tumor marker levels and experienced substantial tumor regression. One patient achieved repeated cancer regression through infusions of T cell products generated from newly identified neoantigens. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a remarkable increase in neoantigen-reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the patients following cell therapy. These cytotoxic T lymphocytes expressed polyclonal T cell receptors (TCR) against neoantigens, along with abundant cytotoxic proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The efficacy of neoantigen targeting was significantly associated with the immunogenicity and TCR polyclonality. Notably, the neoantigen-specific TCR clonotypes persisted in the peripheral blood after cell therapy. Our findings indicate that personalized neoantigen-based T cell therapy triggers cytotoxic lymphocytes expressing polyclonal TCR against ovarian cancer, suggesting its promising potential in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Iu Hung
- Cancer Vaccine & Immune Cell Therapy Core Lab, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Tzu Chu
- Cancer Vaccine & Immune Cell Therapy Core Lab, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Mo Hou
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, De-Ming Road., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chan-Keng Yang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, De-Ming Road., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Yu Chu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yuan Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, De-Ming Road., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chih Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, De-Ming Road., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Cheng Pao
- Cancer Vaccine & Immune Cell Therapy Core Lab, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chuan Teng
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, De-Ming Road., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Angel Chao
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, De-Ming Road., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Cancer Vaccine & Immune Cell Therapy Core Lab, Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, De-Ming Road., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, No. 222, Maijin Road., Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - John Wen-Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, De-Ming Road., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 5, De-Ming Road., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5. Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Li X, You J, Hong L, Liu W, Guo P, Hao X. Neoantigen cancer vaccines: a new star on the horizon. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0395. [PMID: 38164734 PMCID: PMC11033713 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment that utilizes immune cells or drugs to activate the patient's own immune system and eliminate cancer cells. One of the most exciting advances within this field is the targeting of neoantigens, which are peptides derived from non-synonymous somatic mutations that are found exclusively within cancer cells and absent in normal cells. Although neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines have not received approval for standard cancer treatment, early clinical trials have yielded encouraging outcomes as standalone monotherapy or when combined with checkpoint inhibitors. Progress made in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics have greatly facilitated the precise and efficient identification of neoantigens. Consequently, personalized neoantigen-based vaccines tailored to each patient have been developed that are capable of eliciting a robust and long-lasting immune response which effectively eliminates tumors and prevents recurrences. This review provides a concise overview consolidating the latest clinical advances in neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines, and also discusses challenges and future perspectives for this innovative approach, particularly emphasizing the potential of neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines to enhance clinical efficacy against advanced solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
| | - Jian You
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Liping Hong
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
| | - Weijiang Liu
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300090, China
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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7
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Jiang X, Liu J, Lee MJ, Peng C, Luo T, Tillman L, Weichselbaum RR, Lin W. Nanoscale coordination polymer synergizes photodynamic therapy and toll-like receptor activation for enhanced antigen presentation and antitumor immunity. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122334. [PMID: 37776767 PMCID: PMC10841466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
While activating antitumor immunity with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists provides a promising approach toward cancer immunotherapy, existing TLR agonists, including resiquimod (R848), have shown poor tumor selectivity and ineffective TLR activation in tumors for optimal antitumor effects. We hypothesized that improved delivery of TLR agonists to tumors and their effective combination with tumor antigens could significantly enhance their antitumor efficacy. Here, we report a novel nanoscale coordination polymer, Ce6/R848, for the co-delivery of Ce6 photosensitizer to elicit immunogenic cell death via photodynamic therapy (PDT) and cholesterol-conjugated R848 (Chol-R848) for tumor-selective TLR7/8 activation. Upon light irradiation, Ce6-mediated PDT released tumor antigens while selectively delivered R848 activated TLR7/8 in the tumors to synergistically activate antigen-presenting cells and prime T cells for enhanced innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. Ce6/R848 achieved a 50% cure rate and 99.4% inhibition of tumor growth in subcutaneous MC38 colorectal tumors with minimal systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758, S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Morten J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Taokun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Langston Tillman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758, S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758, S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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8
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Perrinjaquet M, Richard Schlegel C. Personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines: An analysis of the clinical and commercial potential of ongoing development programs. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103773. [PMID: 37730103 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Neoantigen cancer vaccines harbor promise as next-generation immuno-oncology therapies, whereby cancer vaccines are tailored to the patient's tumor antigen and represent the future of personalized cancer therapy. While several biotech companies have ongoing development programs, little has been published about the true commercial potential of these innovative therapies and the challenges these products will face upon regulatory approval. In this paper, we provide an overview of neoantigen cancer vaccine development programs and discuss the commercial environment these therapies will face upon launch.
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Kaczmarek M, Poznańska J, Fechner F, Michalska N, Paszkowska S, Napierała A, Mackiewicz A. Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness-A Literature Review. Cells 2023; 12:2159. [PMID: 37681891 PMCID: PMC10486481 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the body's natural immune response against cancer cells by utilizing specific antigens present in the tumor microenvironment. The goal is to achieve a complete clinical response, where all measurable cancer cells are either eliminated or greatly reduced in size. With their potential to revolutionize cancer treatment, these therapies represent a promising avenue for researchers and clinicians alike. Despite over 100 years of research, the success of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been variable, particularly in advanced cancer patients, with various limitations, including the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, the presence of immunosuppressive cells, and the potential for tumor escape mechanisms. Additionally, the effectiveness of these therapies may be limited by the variability of the patient's immune system response and the difficulty in identifying appropriate antigens for each patient. Despite these challenges, tumor microenvironment-targeted vaccine cancer therapies have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies and have the potential to become a valuable addition to current cancer treatment and "curative" options. While chemotherapeutic and monoclonal antibody treatments remain popular, ongoing research is needed to optimize the design and delivery of these therapies and to identify biomarkers that can predict response and guide patient selection. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of cancer vaccines, various delivery methods, and the role of adjuvants in improving treatment outcomes. It also discusses the historical background of cancer vaccine research and examines the current state of major cancer vaccination immunotherapies. Furthermore, the limitations and effectiveness of each vaccine type are analyzed, providing insights into the future of cancer vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Poznańska
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Filip Fechner
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Natasza Michalska
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Sara Paszkowska
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Adrianna Napierała
- Scientific Society of Cancer Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland; (J.P.)
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
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10
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Lybaert L, Thielemans K, Feldman SA, van der Burg SH, Bogaert C, Ott PA. Neoantigen-directed therapeutics in the clinic: where are we? Trends Cancer 2023; 9:503-519. [PMID: 37055237 PMCID: PMC10414146 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy have brought immunotherapy to the forefront of cancer treatment; however, only subsets of patients benefit from current approaches. Neoantigen-driven therapeutics specifically redirect the immune system of the patient to enable or reinduce its ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. The tumor specificity of this strategy spares healthy and normal cells from being attacked. Consistent with this concept, initial clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of neoantigen-directed personalized vaccines. We review neoantigen-driven therapy strategies as well as their promise and clinical successes to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven A Feldman
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick A Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Mustafa Karim A, Eun Kwon J, Ali T, Jang J, Ullah I, Lee YG, Won Park D, Park J, Woo Jeang J, Chan Kang S. Triple-negative breast cancer: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and modern vaccine-based treatment strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115545. [PMID: 37044296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-standing scarcity of efficacious treatments and tumor heterogeneity have contributed to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype with a poor prognosis and aggressive behavior that accounts for 10-15% of all new cases of breast cancer. TNBC is characterized by the absence of progesterone and estrogen receptor expression and lacks gene amplification or overexpression of HER2. Genomic sequencing has detected that the unique mutational profile of both the somatic and germline modifications in TNBC is staggeringly dissimilar from other breast tumor subtypes. The clinical utility of sequencing germline BRCA1/2 genes has been well established in TNBC. Nevertheless, reports regarding the penetrance and risk of other susceptibility genes are relatively scarce. Recurring mutations (e.g., TP53 and PI3KCA mutations) occur together with rare mutations in TNBC, and the shared effects of genomic modifications drive its progression. Given the heterogeneity and complexity of this disease, a clinical understanding of the genomic modifications in TNBC can pave an innovative way toward its therapy. In this review, we summarized the most recent discoveries associated with the underlying biology of developmental signaling pathways in TNBC. We also summarize the recent advancements in genetics and epidemiology and discuss state-of-the-art vaccine-based therapeutic strategies for TNBC that will enable tailored therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Mustafa Karim
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanveer Ali
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Jinsoo Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Juha Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jeang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Arifianto MR, Meizikri R, Haq IBI, Susilo RI, Wahyuhadi J, Hermanto Y, Faried A. Emerging hallmark of gliomas microenvironment in evading immunity: a basic concept. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Over the last decade, since clinical trials examining targeted therapeutics for gliomas have failed to demonstrate a meaningful increase in survival, the emphasis has recently been switched toward innovative techniques for modulating the immune response against tumors and their microenvironments (TME). Cancerous cells have eleven hallmarks which make it distinct from normal ones, among which is immune evasion. Immune evasion in glioblastoma helps it evade various treatment modalities.
Summary
Glioblastoma’s TME is composed of various array of cellular actors, ranging from peripherally derived immune cells to a variety of organ-resident specialized cell types. For example, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a selective barrier between the systemic circulation and the brain, which effectively separates it from other tissues. It is capable of blocking around 98% of molecules that transport different medications to the target tumor.
Objectives
The purpose of this paper is to offer a concise overview of fundamental immunology and how ‘clever’ gliomas avoid the immune system despite the discovery of immunotherapy for glioma.
Conclusions
Herein, we highlight the complex interplay of the tumor, the TME, and the nearby normal structures makes it difficult to grasp how to approach the tumor itself. Numerous researchers have found that the brain TME is a critical regulator of glioma growth and treatment efficacy.
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13
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Shi L, Gu H. Cell membrane-camouflaged liposomes and neopeptide-loaded liposomes with TLR agonist R848 provides a prime and boost strategy for efficient personalized cancer vaccine therapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 48:102648. [PMID: 36584738 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in bioinformatics and nanotechnology offer great opportunities for personalized cancer vaccine development. However, the timely identification of neoantigens and unsatisfactory efficacy of therapeutic cancer vaccines remain two obstacles for clinical transformation. We propose a "prime and boost" strategy to facilitate neoantigen-based immunotherapy. To prime the immune system, we first constructed personalized liposomes with cancer cell membranes and adjuvant R848 to provide immunostimulatory efficacy and time for identifying tumor antigens. Liposomes loaded with personalized neopeptides and adjuvants were used to boost the immune response. In vitro experiments verified potent immune responses, including macrophage polarization, dendritic cell maturation, and T lymphocyte activation. In vivo B16F10 and TC-1 cancer model were used to investigate efficient tumor growth suppression. Liposomal vaccines with neopeptides could stimulate human dendritic cells and T lymphocytes in vitro. These results demonstrate that the "prime and boost" strategy provides simple, quick, and efficient personalized vaccines for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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14
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Han L, Rodriguez Messan M, Yogurtcu ON, Nukala U, Yang H. Analysis of tumor-immune functional responses in a mathematical model of neoantigen cancer vaccines. Math Biosci 2023; 356:108966. [PMID: 36642160 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer neoantigen vaccines have emerged as a promising approach to stimulating the immune system to fight cancer. We propose a simple model including key elements of cancer-immune interactions and conduct a phase plane analysis to understand the immunological mechanisms of cancer neoantigen vaccines. Analytical results are obtained for two widely used functional forms that represent the killing rate of tumor cells by immune cells: the law of mass action (LMA) and the dePillis-Radunskaya Law (LPR). Using the LMA, our results reveal that a slowly growing tumor can escape the immune surveillance and that there is a unique periodic solution. The LPR offers richer dynamics, in which tumor elimination and uncontrolled tumor growth are both present. We show that tumor elimination requires sufficient number of initial activated T cells in relationship to the malignant cells, which lends support to using the neoantigen cancer vaccine as an adjuvant therapy after the primary tumor is surgically removed or treated using radiotherapy. We also derive a sufficient condition for uncontrolled tumor growth under the assumption of the LPR. The juxtaposition of analyses with these two different choices for the killing rate function highlights their importance on model behavior and biological implications, by which we hope to spur further theoretical and experimental work to understand mechanisms underlying different functional forms for the killing rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Han
- Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, United States of America
| | - Marisabel Rodriguez Messan
- Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, United States of America
| | - Osman N Yogurtcu
- Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, United States of America
| | - Ujwani Nukala
- Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, United States of America
| | - Hong Yang
- Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, United States of America.
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15
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Chen YJ, Abila B, Mostafa Kamel Y. CAR-T: What Is Next? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030663. [PMID: 36765623 PMCID: PMC9913679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The year 2017 was marked by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first two chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapies. The approved indications were for the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and for the treatment of patients up to 25 years of age with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or in a second or later relapse. Since then, extensive research activities have been ongoing globally on different hematologic and solid tumors to assess the safety and efficacy of CAR-T therapy for these diseases. Limitations to CAR-T therapy became apparent from, e.g., the relapse in up to 60% of patients and certain side effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This led to extensive clinical activities aimed at overcoming these obstacles, so that the use of CAR-T therapy can be expanded. Attempts to improve on efficacy and safety include changing the CAR-T administration schedule, combining it with chemotherapy, and the development of next-generation CAR-T therapies, e.g., through the use of CAR-natural killer (CAR-NK) and CAR macrophages (CAR-Ms). This review will focus on new CAR-T treatment strategies in hematologic malignancies, clinical trials aimed at improving efficacy and addressing side effects, the challenges that CAR-T therapy faces in solid tumors, and the ongoing research aimed at overcoming these challenges.
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16
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Jin Y, Deng Z, Zhu T. Membrane protein trafficking in the anti-tumor immune response: work of endosomal-lysosomal system. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:413. [PMID: 36528587 PMCID: PMC9759898 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for multiple cancer types. In the recent decade, great progress has been made in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. ICIs work by reversing tumor-induced immunosuppression, resulting in robust activation of the immune system and lasting immune responses. Whereas, their clinical use faces several challenges, especially the low response rate in most patients. As an increasing number of studies have focused on membrane immune checkpoint protein trafficking and degradation, which interferes with response to immunotherapy, it is necessary to summarize the mechanism regulating those transmembrane domain proteins translocated into the cytoplasm and degraded via lysosome. In addition, other immune-related transmembrane domain proteins such as T-cell receptor and major histocompatibility are associated with neoantigen presentation. The endosomal-lysosomal system can also regulate TCR and neoantigen-MHC complexes on the membrane to affect the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy and cancer vaccines. In conclusion, we discuss the process of surface delivery, internalization, recycling, and degradation of immune checkpoint proteins, TCR, and neoantigen-MHC complexes on the endosomal-lysosomal system in biology for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Ting Zhu
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
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17
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Zhang R, Meng Z, Wu X, Zhang M, Piao Z, Jin T. PD‐L1
/
p‐STAT3
promotes the progression of
NSCLC
cells by regulating
TAM
polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5872-5886. [DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center Yanbian University Medical College Yanji China
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province Yanji China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center Yanbian University Medical College Yanji China
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province Yanji China
| | - Xuwei Wu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center Yanbian University Medical College Yanji China
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province Yanji China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Department of Health Examination Centre Yanbian University Hospital Yanji China
| | - Zhengri Piao
- Department of radiology Yanbian University Hospital Yanji China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center Yanbian University Medical College Yanji China
- Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province Yanji China
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18
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Research progress of neoantigens in gynecologic cancers. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109236. [PMID: 36113318 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of gynecological cancers have increased over the past decade. In the absence of effective treatment strategies, many advanced patients develop resistance to conventional therapies and have poor prognosis. Neoantigens have emerged as a novel tumor-specific antigen (TSA) that arises from genomic mutations in tumor cells. With higher immunogenicity than tumor-associated antigens (TAA), they have no risk of developing autoimmune response, leading them an attractive candidate for tumor therapeutic vaccines. With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the identification of neoantigens has been gradually improved, and the scope of application of neoantigen vaccines has continued to expand. Combined with other therapies such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or adoptive cell therapy (ACT), the application of neoantigen in gynecological cancers has extended to clinical practice. Here, we reviewed the preclinical and clinical studies of neoantigens in gynecological cancers.
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A Therapeutic Whole-Tumor-Cell Vaccine Covalently Conjugated with a TLR7 Agonist. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131986. [PMID: 35805071 PMCID: PMC9266217 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-protein or -peptide vaccine is not sufficient to arouse immune responses in cancer therapy. A whole-tumor-cell vaccine with complete cancer cell antigens and all conformations elicits robust immune responses and is a promising method for the treatment of advanced malignant tumors. In this study, we used 5-azacitidine to stimulate B16-F10 melanoma cells to express toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 on the cell surface and then chemically linked SZU-106, a small-molecule TLR7 agonist, to the cell surface with a pegylated linker to produce a novel whole-tumor-cell vaccine, abbreviated as Aza-BFcell-106. The vaccine stimulated mouse splenic lymphocytes and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to secrete cytokines, promoted the maturation of dendritic cells and enhanced the capability of dendritic cells to present antigens. In a mouse model of melanoma, the vaccine effectively inhibited tumor growth, decreased tumor volume and prolonged survival. Further combination of the vaccine with a chemokine inhibitor, reparixin, significantly increased the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells into the tumor environment, while the antitumor effect was significantly enhanced. The whole-tumor-cell vaccine Aza-BFcell-106 induced immune-activating responses in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, indicating that this vaccine has great potential to treat advanced malignant tumors.
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20
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Tang M, Cai JH, Diao HY, Guo WM, Yang X, Xing S. The progress of peptide vaccine clinical trials in gynecologic oncology. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2062982. [PMID: 35687860 PMCID: PMC9450897 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2062982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide vaccine are a type of immunotherapy that are synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of known or predicted tumor antigen epitopes. They are safe and well tolerated and have shown exciting results in gynecologic oncology. However, no peptide vaccine has yet been licensed in this field. This review examines peptide vaccine clinical trials in gynecology registered on ClinicalTrials.gov through January 1, 2022, analyzes the global progress and current achievements of peptide vaccines in gynecology, and explores the efforts focused on devising new methods to boost immunotherapeutic outcomes, including the use of adjuvants, multi-epitope vaccines, combinations of helper T cell epitopes, personalized peptide vaccines, synthetic long peptides, new peptide delivery, and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- GCP institution, Chengdu Women's and Children's Center Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hui Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Women's and Children's Center Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Yang Diao
- GCP institution, Chengdu Women's and Children's Center Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Mei Guo
- GCP institution, Chengdu Women's and Children's Center Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Obstetrics Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Center Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - ShaSha Xing
- GCP institution, Chengdu Women's and Children's Center Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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21
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Le I, Dhandayuthapani S, Chacon J, Eiring AM, Gadad SS. Harnessing the Immune System with Cancer Vaccines: From Prevention to Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:816. [PMID: 35632572 PMCID: PMC9146235 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination against infectious diseases is one of the most successful public health measures of our lifetime. More recently, therapeutic vaccination against established diseases such as cancer has proven to be more challenging. In the host, cancer cells evade immunologic regulation by multiple means, including altering the antigens expressed on their cell surface or recruiting inflammatory cells that repress immune surveillance. Nevertheless, recent clinical data suggest that two classes of antigens show efficacy for the development of anticancer vaccines: tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens. In addition, many different vaccines derived from antigens based on cellular, peptide/protein, and genomic components are in development to establish their efficacy in cancer therapy. Some vaccines have shown promising results, which may lead to favorable outcomes when combined with standard therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of the innate and adaptive immune systems, their interactions with cancer cells, and the development of various different vaccines for use in anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilene Le
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jessica Chacon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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22
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Challenges and Opportunities for Immunotherapeutic Intervention against Myeloid Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041069. [PMID: 35207340 PMCID: PMC8880446 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and deadly brain cancer, exemplifies the paradigm that cancers grow with help from an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In general, TME includes a large contribution from various myeloid lineage-derived cell types, including (in the brain) altered pathogenic microglia as well as monocyte-macrophages (Macs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and dendritic cell (DC) populations. Each can have protective roles, but has, by definition, been coopted by the tumor in patients with progressive disease. However, evidence demonstrates that myeloid immunosuppressive activities can be reversed in different ways, leading to enthusiasm for this therapeutic approach, both alone and in combination with potentially synergistic immunotherapeutic and other strategies. Here, we review the current understanding of myeloid cell immunosuppression of anti-tumor responses as well as potential targets, challenges, and developing means to reverse immunosuppression with various therapeutics and their status. Targets include myeloid cell colony stimulating factors (CSFs), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), several cytokines and chemokines, as well as CD40 activation and COX2 inhibition. Approaches in clinical development include antibodies, antisense RNA-based drugs, cell-based combinations, polarizing cytokines, and utilizing Macs as a platform for Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR)-based tumor targeting, like with CAR-T cells. To date, promising clinical results have been reported with several of these approaches.
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23
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He L, Wang X, Li C, Wan Y, Fang H. Bibliometric analysis of the 100 top-cited articles on immunotherapy of urological cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2035552. [PMID: 35148255 PMCID: PMC9009894 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2035552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To highlight the scientific progress in immunotherapy of urological cancer by identifying and analyzing the 100 top-cited (T100) articles from the last 15 years. Methods Papers in immunotherapy of urological cancer were identified from Clarivate Web of Science Core Collection database. Data of the T100 articles and papers published in recent 2 years, including citations, topic, year of publication, country of origin, institution and authorship, were extracted and analyzed. Results Of the T100 articles, the citation number ranged from 7387 to 183 with a mean of 590.66. The USA led the field with 80 T100 articles and 53097 citations. Pro Sharma P from MD Anderson Cancer Center was at the top of list with 8 T100 articles (3 as first author and 6 as corresponding author). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ranked first with 26 T100 articles and 22573 citations, followed by Johns Hopkins University with 21 T100 articles and 25095 citations. Forty-nine T100 articles were related to the renal cancer, followed by prostate cancer (29), bladder cancer (13) and urothelial cancer (13). According to the type of immunotherapy, most T100 articles were related to ICI (55 articles) and vaccine (19 articles). Conclusions It is the first bibliometric analysis to identify the T100 articles on immunotherapy of urological cancer. The USA made great contribution in the field of immunotherapy related to urological cancer. Renal, bladder and prostate cancers were the major organs treated by immunotherapy especially by ICIs and vaccines. The multiple aspects of ICIs research in renal and bladder cancer and the neoantigen-based vaccine therapy will be hotspots for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugeng He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changjiu Li
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuehua Wan
- Institute of Information Resource, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Library, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Babich M, Sharma A, Li T, Radosevich JA. Labyrinthin: A distinct pan-adenocarcinoma diagnostic and immunotherapeutic tumor specific antigen. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08988. [PMID: 35252607 PMCID: PMC8891966 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural analysis and detection of optimal cell surface localization of labyrinthin, a pan-adenocarcinoma target, was studied with respect to adenocarcinoma specificity vs. normal and non-adenocarcinoma cells. Patient-derived tissue microarray immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 729 commercially prepared tissue blocks of lung, colon, breast, pancreas, prostate, and ovary cancers combined, plus a National Cancer Institute (NCI) tissue microarray derived from another 236 cases. The results confirmed that anti-labyrinthin mouse monoclonal MCA 44-3A6 antibody recognized adenocarcinomas, but not normal or non-adenocarcinoma cancer cells. The consensus of multiple topology analysis programs on labyrinthin (255 amino acids) estimate a type II cell membrane associated protein with an N-terminus signal peptide. However, because the labyrinthin sequence is enveloped within the 758 amino acids of the intracellular aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase (ASPH), a purported tumor associated antigen, standard IHC methods that permeabilize cells can expose common epitopes. To circumvent antibody cross-reactivity, cell surface labyrinthin was distinguished from intracellular ASPH by FACS analysis of permeabilized vs non-permeabilized cells. All permeabilized normal, adeno-and non-adenocarcinoma cells produced a strong MCA 44-3A6 binding signal, likely reflecting co-recognition of intracellular ASPH proteins along with internalized labyrinthin, but in non-permeabilized cells only adenocarcinoma cells were positive for labyrinthin. Confocal microscopy confirmed the FACS results. Labyrinthin as a functional cell-surface marker was suggested when: 1) WI-38 normal lung fibroblasts transfected with labyrinthin sense cDNA displayed a cancerous phenotype; 2) antisense transfection of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells appeared more normal; and 3) MCA44-3A6 suppressed A549 cell proliferation. Collectively, the data indicate that labyrinthin is a unique, promising adenocarcinoma tumor-specific antigen and therapeutic target. The study also raises a controversial issue on the extent, specificity, and usefulness of ASPH as an adenocarcinoma tumor-associated antigen.
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Makuku R, Seyedmirzaei H, Tantuoyir MM, Rodríguez-Román E, Albahash A, Mohamed K, Moyo E, Ahmed AO, Razi S, Rezaei N. Exploring the application of immunotherapy against HIV infection in the setting of malignancy: A detailed review article. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108580. [PMID: 35121225 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), as of 2019, approximately 42.2 million people have died from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illnesses since the start of the epidemic. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced mortality, morbidity, and incidence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS-defining cancers, taming once-dreaded disease into a benign chronic infection. Although the treatment has prolonged the patients' survival, general HIV prevalence has increased and this increase has dovetailed with an increasing incidence of Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) among people living with HIV (PLWH). This is happening when new promising approaches in both oncology and HIV infection are being developed. This review focuses on recent progress witnessed in immunotherapy approaches against HIV-related, Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs), and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangarirai Makuku
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Homa Seyedmirzaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcarious M Tantuoyir
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Accra, Ghana; Biomedical Engineering Unit, University of Ghana Medical Center (UGMC), Accra, Ghana
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Román
- Center for Microbiology and Cell Biology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Assil Albahash
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kawthar Mohamed
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ernest Moyo
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yu J, Sun H, Cao W, Song Y, Jiang Z. Research progress on dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35074008 PMCID: PMC8784280 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines induce specific immune responses that can selectively eliminate target cells. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to explore DC vaccination in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as other nonleukemia malignancies. There are at least two different strategies that use DCs to promote antitumor immunity: in situ vaccination and canonical vaccination. Monocyte-derived DCs (mo-DCs) and leukemia-derived DCs (DCleu) are the main types of DCs used in vaccines for AML and MDS thus far. Different cancer-related molecules such as peptides, recombinant proteins, apoptotic leukemic cells, whole tumor cells or lysates and DCs/DCleu containing a vaster antigenic repertoire with RNA electroporation, have been used as antigen sources to load DCs. To enhance DC vaccine efficacy, new strategies, such as combination with conventional chemotherapy, monospecific/bispecific antibodies and immune checkpoint-targeting therapies, have been explored. After a decade of trials and tribulations, much progress has been made and much promise has emerged in the field. In this review we summarize the recent advances in DC vaccine immunotherapy for AML/MDS as well as other nonleukemia malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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27
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Wei C, Ma Y, Wang F, Liao Y, Chen Y, Zhao B, Zhao Q, Wang D, Tang D. Igniting Hope for Tumor Immunotherapy: Promoting the “Hot and Cold” Tumor Transition. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS: ONCOLOGY 2022; 16:11795549221120708. [PMID: 36147198 PMCID: PMC9486259 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has ushered a new era for
immunotherapy against malignant tumors through the killing effects of cytotoxic
T lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in long-lasting
tumor suppression and regression. Nevertheless, given that ICIs are highly
dependent on T cells in the TME and that most tumors lack T-cell infiltration,
promoting the conversion of such immunosuppressive “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors
is currently a key challenge in tumor immunotherapy. Herein, we systematically
outlined the mechanisms underlying the formation of the immunosuppressive TME in
cold tumors, including the role of immunosuppressive cells, impaired antigen
presentation, transforming growth factor-β, STAT3 signaling, adenosine, and
interferon-γ signaling. Moreover, therapeutic strategies for promoting cold
tumors to hot tumors with adequate T-cell infiltration were also discussed.
Finally, the prospects of therapeutic tools such as oncolytic viruses,
nanoparticles, and photothermal therapy in restoring immune activity in cold
tumors were thoroughly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wei
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yichao Ma
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian
Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiqun Liao
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian
Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuji Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian
Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery,
Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People’s
Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery,
Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People’s
Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Dong Tang, Department of General Surgery,
Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu
People’s Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Motofei IG. Nobel Prize for immune checkpoint inhibitors, understanding the immunological switching between immunosuppression and autoimmunity. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 21:599-612. [PMID: 34937484 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.2020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a revolutionary form of immunotherapy in cancer. However, the percentage of patients responding to therapy is relatively low, while adverse effects occur in a large number of patients. In addition, the therapeutic mechanisms of ICIs are not yet completely described. AREAS COVERED The initial view (articles published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) was that ICIs increase tumor-specific immunity. Recent data (collected from the same databases) suggest that the ICIs pharmacotherapy actually extends beyond the topic of immune reactivity, including additional immune pathways, such as disrupting immunosuppression and increasing tumor-specific autoimmunity. Unfortunately, there is no clear delimitation between these specific autoimmune reactions that are therapeutically beneficial, and nonspecific autoimmune reactions/toxicity that can be extremely severe side effects. EXPERT OPINION Immune checkpoint mechanisms perform a non-selective immune regulation, maintaining a dynamic balance between immunosuppression and autoimmunity. By blocking these mechanisms, ICIs actually perform an immunological reset, decreasing immunosuppression and increasing tumor-specific immunity and predisposition to autoimmunity. The predisposition to autoimmunity induces both side effects and beneficial autoimmunity. Consequently, further studies are necessary to maximize the beneficial tumor-specific autoimmunity, while reducing the counterproductive effect of associated autoimmune toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion G Motofei
- Department of Surgery/ Oncology, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Surgery/ Oncology, St. Pantelimon Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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29
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Erfanian N, Derakhshani A, Nasseri S, Fereidouni M, Baradaran B, Jalili Tabrizi N, Brunetti O, Bernardini R, Silvestris N, Safarpour H. Immunotherapy of cancer in single-cell RNA sequencing era: A precision medicine perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112558. [PMID: 34953396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and brought new aspects into tumor immunology. Effective immunotherapy will require using the suitable target antigens, optimizing the interaction between the antigenic peptide, the APC, and the T cell, and the simultaneous inhibitor of the negative regulatory process that inhibits immunotherapeutic effects and develop resistance. Tumor heterogeneity and its microenvironment is the leading cause of resistance in patients. Recently by emerging the single-cell RNA sequencing technology and its combination with immunotherapy, now we can specifically evaluate the mechanism of tumors in the face of immunotherapy agents at the single-cell resolution by detecting the transcriptional activity of immune checkpoints, screening neoantigens with high transcription levels, identifying rare cells, and other important processes. This review focuses on scRNA-seq, particularly on its application in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Erfanian
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Experimental Pharmacology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Saeed Nasseri
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fereidouni
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Jalili Tabrizi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Vaughan HJ, Green JJ. Recent Advances in Gene Therapy for Cancer Theranostics. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 20:100300. [PMID: 34738046 PMCID: PMC8562678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is great interest in developing gene therapies for many disease indications, including cancer. However, successful delivery of nucleic acids to tumor cells is a major challenge, and in vivo efficacy is difficult to predict. Cancer theranostics is an approach combining anti-tumor therapy with imaging or diagnostic capabilities, with the goal of monitoring successful delivery and efficacy of a therapeutic agent in a tumor. Successful theranostics must maintain a high degree of anticancer targeting and efficacy while incorporating high-contrast imaging agents that are nontoxic and compatible with clinical imaging modalities. This review highlights recent advancements in theranostic strategies, including imaging technologies and genetic engineering approaches. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and the Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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31
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Fotakis G, Trajanoski Z, Rieder D. Computational cancer neoantigen prediction: current status and recent advances. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:100052. [PMID: 35755950 PMCID: PMC9216660 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2021.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, immunotherapy has shown significant therapeutic efficacy in a broad range of cancer types. Antitumor immune responses are contingent on the recognition of tumor-specific antigens, which are termed neoantigens. Tumor neoantigens are ideal targets for immunotherapy since they can be recognized as non-self antigens by the host immune system and thus are able to elicit an antitumor T-cell response. There are an increasing number of studies that highlight the importance of tumor neoantigens in immunoediting and in the sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade. Therefore, one of the most fundamental tasks in the field of immuno-oncology research is the identification of patient-specific neoantigens. To this end, a plethora of computational approaches have been developed in order to predict tumor-specific aberrant peptides and quantify their likelihood of binding to patients' human leukocyte antigen molecules in order to be recognized by T cells. In this review, we systematically summarize and present the most recent advances in computational neoantigen prediction, and discuss the challenges and novel methods that are being developed to resolve them. Tumors have the ability to acquire immune escape mechanisms. Tumor-specific aberrant peptides (neoantigens) can elicit an immune response by the host immune system. The identification of neoantigens is one of the most fundamental tasks in the field of immuno-oncology research. A plethora of computational approaches have been developed in order to predict patient-specificneoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fotakis
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Z Trajanoski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Rieder
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Mondlane ER, Abreu-Mendes P, Martins D, Cruz R, Mendes F. The role of immunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma: Review. Int Braz J Urol 2021; 47:1228-1242. [PMID: 33650838 PMCID: PMC8486460 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ercília Rita Mondlane
- ESTeSCPolitécnico de CoimbraCoimbraPortugalPolitécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, DFARM, ESTeSC, SM Bispo, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Abreu-Mendes
- Centro Hospital Universitário de São JoãoServiço de UrologiaPortoPortugalServiço de Urologia, Centro Hospital Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.
- Universidade do PortoFaculdade de MedicinaPortoPortugalFaculdade de Medicina Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Diana Martins
- ESTeSCPolitécnico de CoimbraCoimbraPortugalPolitécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, DCBL, SM Bispo, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Universidade de CoimbraInstituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra CoimbraPortugalUniversidade de Coimbra, Instituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal.
- Universidade de CoimbraCentro de Biomedicina e Biotecnologia Inovadoras (CIBB)CoimbraPortugalUniversidade de Coimbra, Centro de Biomedicina e Biotecnologia Inovadoras (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centro Académico Clínico de CoimbraCoimbraPortugalCentro Académico Clínico de Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Universidade do PortoInstituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdePortoPortugalInstituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Cruz
- ESTeSCPolitécnico de CoimbraCoimbraPortugalPolitécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, DFARM, ESTeSC, SM Bispo, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Mendes
- ESTeSCPolitécnico de CoimbraCoimbraPortugalPolitécnico de Coimbra, ESTeSC, DCBL, SM Bispo, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Universidade de CoimbraInstituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra CoimbraPortugalUniversidade de Coimbra, Instituto de Investigação Clínica e Biomédica de Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal.
- Universidade de CoimbraCentro de Biomedicina e Biotecnologia Inovadoras (CIBB)CoimbraPortugalUniversidade de Coimbra, Centro de Biomedicina e Biotecnologia Inovadoras (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centro Académico Clínico de CoimbraCoimbraPortugalCentro Académico Clínico de Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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33
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Differences in and verification of genetic alterations in chemotherapy and immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23672-23688. [PMID: 34675134 PMCID: PMC8580330 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Metastatic melanoma has poor therapeutic response and may present resistance to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Significant differences are observed in the survival time of patients with metastatic melanoma based on the administration of chemotherapy or immunotherapy; thus, we have explored the important role of specific differential genes between the two therapies in their effect on treatment response in melanoma. Methods: Metastatic melanoma gene expression data (RNAseq, mutation and methylation) and patient clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and grouped according to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The differentially expressed genes of the two groups were further screened for signature genes through a protein–protein interaction network and Lasso-Cox regression model. Then, differences in the treatment response, overall survival, mutation and methylation of characteristic genes were compared. Finally, western blot and real-time qPCR technology were used to detect the expression differences of the signature genes in metastatic melanoma tumor tissues in patients undergoing chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Results: The overall survival of the chemotherapy-based treatment group was significantly higher than that of the immunotherapy-based group. The immune infiltration level of immature dendritic cells (DCs) in the chemotherapy group was significantly higher than that in the immunotherapy group. Finally, seven signature genes were selected: CCKBR, KCNJ11, NMU, MMP13, ITGA10, IGFBP1 and CEACAM5. The results of these signature genes were significantly differentiated between the chemotherapy and immunotherapy groups in terms of overall survival and disease progression in response to treatment. In addition, differences in the expression of these genes were verified by western blot and real-time qPCR. Conclusion: In this study, significant differences in the expression of signature genes were verified. The findings indicate that immature DCs with potential application value should be considered and high mutation sites of signature genes should be identified to reduce the occurrence of treatment resistance.
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Singh V, Kesharwani P. Recent advances in microneedles-based drug delivery device in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. J Control Release 2021; 338:394-409. [PMID: 34481019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles are unique, novel and an effective approach designed to deliver therapeutic agents and immunobiologicals in several diseases. These tiny needle patches are designed to load vaccine, small or large drug molecule, heavy molecular weighted proteins, genes, antibodies, nanoparticles and many more. These nanoparticles loaded microneedles deliver drugs deep within the skin near underlying neutrophils, langerhans and dendritic cells and induces required immunological response. With the drawbacks associated with conventional methods of cancer chemotherapy, the focus was shifted towards use of microneedles in not just anti-cancer vaccine/drug delivery but also for their early diagnosis. This delivery device is also suited for synergistic approaches such as chemotherapy or gene therapy combined with photothermal or photodynamic therapy. The painless self-administrative device offers an alternative over traditional routes of drug delivery including systemic administration via hypodermic needles. Additionally, these microneedles can be fabricated and altered in shape, size and geometry and the material polymer can be chosen depending on use and release mechanism. This review consolidates positive results obtained from studies done for different type of microneedle array in several tumor cell lines and animal models. It further highlights the use of biodegradable polymers such as hydrogel or any dissolving polymer that can be utilized for sustained codelivery of drug/vaccine to shun the need of multiple dosing. It covers the existing limitations that still needs to be resolved and further highlights on the future aspects of their use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanshikha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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35
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Sun H, Hu W, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Yao X, Teng L, Wang X, Chai D, Zheng J, Wang G. Using PAMPs and DAMPs as adjuvants in cancer vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5546-5557. [PMID: 34520322 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1964316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cancer has attracted considerable attention. As one of the immunotherapeutics, tumor vaccines exert great potential for cancer immunotherapy. The most important components in tumor vaccines are antigens and adjuvants, which determine the therapeutic safety and efficacy, respectively. After decades of research, many types of adjuvants have been developed. Although these adjuvants can induce strong and long-lasting immune responses in tumor immunity, they also cause more severe toxic side effects and are therefore not suitable for use in humans. With the development of innate immunity research, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are receiving more attention in vaccine design. However, whether they have the potential to become new adjuvants remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this review is to provide newideas for the research and development of new adjuvants by discussing the mechanisms and related functions of PAMPs and DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyou Sun
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Yan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zichun Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xuefan Yao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ling Teng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Center Of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center For The Collaboration And Innovation Of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center Of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center For The Collaboration And Innovation Of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Center Of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center For The Collaboration And Innovation Of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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36
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Liu H, Pan W, Tang C, Tang Y, Wu H, Yoshimura A, Deng Y, He N, Li S. The methods and advances of adaptive immune receptors repertoire sequencing. Theranostics 2021; 11:8945-8963. [PMID: 34522220 PMCID: PMC8419057 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response is a powerful tool, capable of recognizing, binding to, and neutralizing a vast number of internal and external threats via T or B lymphatic receptors with widespread sets of antigen specificities. The emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics provides opportunities for research in the fields of life sciences and medicine. The analysis and annotation for immune repertoire data can reveal biologically meaningful information, including immune prediction, target antigens, and effective evaluation. Continuous improvements of the immunological repertoire sequencing methods and analysis tools will help to minimize the experimental and calculation errors and realize the immunological information to meet the clinical requirements. That said, the clinical application of adaptive immune repertoire sequencing requires appropriate experimental methods and standard analytical tools. At the population cell level, we can acquire the overview of cell groups, but the information about a single cell is not obtained accurately. The information that is ignored may be crucial for understanding the heterogeneity of each cell, gene expression and drug response. The combination of high-throughput sequencing and single-cell technology allows us to obtain single-cell information with low-cost and high-throughput. In this review, we summarized the current methods and progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Congli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hu-nan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Nongyue He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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Entezari AA, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) in gastrointestinal cancers: recent innovations and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:335-346. [PMID: 34056991 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1937124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) is an intestinal signaling system that regulates intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion as well as intestinal homeostasis. In recent years, it has emerged as a promising target for chemoprevention and therapy for GI malignancies. AREAS COVERED The loss of GUCY2C signaling early in colorectal tumorigenesis suggests it could have a significant impact on tumor initiation. Recent studies highlight the importance of GUCY2C signaling in preventing colorectal tumorigenesis using agents such as linaclotide, plecanatide, and sildenafil. Furthermore, GUCY2C is a novel target for immunotherapy and a diagnostic marker for primary and metastatic diseases. EXPERT OPINION There is an unmet need for prevention and therapy in GI cancers. In that context, GUCY2C is a promising target for prevention, although the precise mechanisms by which GUCY2C signaling affects tumorigenesis remain to be defined. Furthermore, clinical trials are exploring its role as an immunotherapeutic target for vaccines to prevent metastatic disease. Indeed, GUCY2C is an emerging target across the disease continuum from chemoprevention, to diagnostic management, through the treatment and prevention of metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Entezari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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38
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Vaccines in Gastrointestinal Malignancies: From Prevention to Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060647. [PMID: 34199248 PMCID: PMC8231997 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are some of the most common and devastating malignancies and include colorectal, gastric, esophageal, hepatocellular, and pancreatic carcinomas, among others. Five-year survival rates for many of these malignancies remain low. The majority presents at an advanced stage with limited treatment options and poor overall survival. Treatment is advancing but not at the same speed as other malignancies. Chemotherapy and radiation treatments are still only partially effective in GI malignancies and cause significant side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel strategies in the treatment of GI malignancies. Recently, immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors have entered as potential new therapeutic options for patients, and thus, cancer vaccines may play a major role in the future of treatment for these malignancies. Further advances in understanding the interaction between the tumor and immune system have led to the development of novel agents, such as cancer vaccines.
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Li W, Amei A, Bui F, Norouzifar S, Lu L, Wang Z. Impact of Neoantigen Expression and T-Cell Activation on Breast Cancer Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122879. [PMID: 34207556 PMCID: PMC8228363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neoantigens are novel proteins presented on the cell surface and derived from the accumulation of somatic mutations in tumor cells. They can be recognized by the immune system and may play a crucial role in boosting immune responses against tumor cells. The impact of neoantigen expression and T-cell activation status on overall survival was investigated in a breast cancer cohort. We found that high neoantigen expression and T-cell activation status was correlated with improved patient survival in the study population. This result supports that neoantigens are promising to serve as immunogenic agents for immunotherapy in breast cancer. Abstract Neoantigens are derived from tumor-specific somatic mutations. Neoantigen-based synthesized peptides have been under clinical investigation to boost cancer immunotherapy efficacy. The promising results prompt us to further elucidate the effect of neoantigen expression on patient survival in breast cancer. We applied Kaplan–Meier survival and multivariable Cox regression models to evaluate the effect of neoantigen expression and its interaction with T-cell activation on overall survival in a cohort of 729 breast cancer patients. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used to assess the relationships between neoantigen expression and clinical pathological variables. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to identify correlations between neoantigen expression, mutation load, and DNA repair gene expression. ERCC1, XPA, and XPC were negatively associated with neoantigen expression, while BLM, BRCA2, MSH2, XRCC2, RAD51, CHEK1, and CHEK2 were positively associated with neoantigen expression. Based on the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, patients with a high level of neoantigen expression and activated T-cell status showed improved overall survival. Similarly, in the T-cell exhaustion and progesterone receptor (PR) positive subgroups, patients with a high level of neoantigen expression showed prolonged survival. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the T-cell activation and PR negative subgroups. In conclusion, neoantigens may serve as immunogenic agents for immunotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA;
| | - Amei Amei
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (Z.W.)
| | - Francis Bui
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (F.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Saba Norouzifar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (F.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Zuoheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (Z.W.)
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Juanes-Velasco P, Landeira-Viñuela A, Acebes-Fernandez V, Hernández ÁP, Garcia-Vaquero ML, Arias-Hidalgo C, Bareke H, Montalvillo E, Gongora R, Fuentes M. Deciphering Human Leukocyte Antigen Susceptibility Maps From Immunopeptidomics Characterization in Oncology and Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:642583. [PMID: 34123866 PMCID: PMC8195621 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.642583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variability across the three major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes (human leukocyte antigen [HLA] A, B, and C) may affect susceptibility to many diseases such as cancer, auto-immune or infectious diseases. Individual genetic variation may help to explain different immune responses to microorganisms across a population. HLA typing can be fast and inexpensive; however, deciphering peptides loaded on MHC-I and II which are presented to T cells, require the design and development of high-sensitivity methodological approaches and subsequently databases. Hence, these novel strategies and databases could help in the generation of vaccines using these potential immunogenic peptides and in identifying high-risk HLA types to be prioritized for vaccination programs. Herein, the recent developments and approaches, in this field, focusing on the identification of immunogenic peptides have been reviewed and the next steps to promote their translation into biomedical and clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vanessa Acebes-Fernandez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángela-Patricia Hernández
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina L. Garcia-Vaquero
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlota Arias-Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Halin Bareke
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique Montalvillo
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Gongora
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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41
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George A, Sahin I, Carneiro BA, Dizon DS, Safran HP, El-Deiry WS. Strategies to sensitize cancer cells to immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2595-2601. [PMID: 34019474 PMCID: PMC8475577 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1891817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen the emergence of immunotherapy as a promising modality for treating a variety of cancers. However, the initial data have led to the ultimate reality that such a treatment does not work effectively in all cancers, nor does it universally result in long-lasting benefits, which can be partly attributed to the development of drug resistance- itself a major challenge. Worse, in some cases, immunotherapy can lead to accelerated tumor growth known as hyperprogression. Tumor sensitization is being pursued as a means to circumvent resistance to immunotherapy, and perhaps as a means to prevent hyperprogression. Such approaches aim to counteract features of immune resistance demonstrated by refractory tumors, paving the way for improved treatment effectiveness when standard immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors are utilized. Sensitizing agents can be categorized by whether their target is a tumor-intrinsic or a tumor cell-extrinsic factor. Tumor-intrinsic sensitization strategies act directly on cancer cells, suppressing their anti-immune tendencies, whereas tumor cell-extrinsic sensitization strategies target the tumor microenvironment to more effectively mediate the desired therapeutic effects of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew George
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ilyas Sahin
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,The Warren Alpert Medical School, Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Don S Dizon
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,The Warren Alpert Medical School, Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Howard P Safran
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,The Warren Alpert Medical School, Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,The Warren Alpert Medical School, Cancer Center at Brown University, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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42
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Zhang Z, Lu M, Qin Y, Gao W, Tao L, Su W, Zhong J. Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672356. [PMID: 33936118 PMCID: PMC8085349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy works by stimulating and strengthening the body’s anti-tumor immune response to eliminate cancer cells. Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of cancer, particularly the success of immune checkpoint blockade targeting CTLA-4, PD-1 and PDL1, which has led to a breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy. Tumor neoantigens, a new approach to tumor immunotherapy, include antigens produced by tumor viruses integrated into the genome and antigens produced by mutant proteins, which are abundantly expressed only in tumor cells and have strong immunogenicity and tumor heterogeneity. A growing number of studies have highlighted the relationship between neoantigens and T cells’ recognition of cancer cells. Vaccines developed against neoantigens are now being used in clinical trials in various solid tumors. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in the classification of immunotherapy and the process of classification, identification and synthesis of tumor-specific neoantigens, as well as their role in current cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the application prospects and existing problems of neoantigens were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Manman Lu
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wuji Gao
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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43
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Wang N, Wang R, Zhang X, Li X, Liang Y, Ding Z. Spatially-resolved proteomics and transcriptomics: An emerging digital spatial profiling approach for tumor microenvironment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/vcm/2020002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Digital spatial profiling (DSP) is an emerging powerful technology for proteomics and transcriptomics analyses in a spatially resolved manner for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples developed by nanoString Technologies. DSP applies several advanced technologies, including high-throughput readout technologies (digital optical barcodes by nCounter instruments or next generation sequencing (NGS)), programmable digital micromirror device (DMD) technology, and microfluidic sampling technologies into traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) approaches, creating an innovative tool for discovery, translational research, and clinical uses. Since its launch in 2019, DSP has been rapidly adopted, especially in immuno-oncology and tumor microenvironment research areas, and has revealed valuable information that was inaccessible before. In this article, we report the successful setup and validation of the first DSP technology platform in China. Both DSP spatial protein and RNA profiling approaches were validated using FFPE colorectal cancer tissues. Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected in the areas enriched with tumor cells, stroma/immune cells, or normal epithelial cells, and multiplex spatial profiling of both proteins and RNAs were performed. DSP spatial profiling data were processed and normalized accordingly, validating the high quality and consistency of the data. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering as well as principal component analysis (PCA) grouped tumor, stroma/immune cells, and normal epithelial cells into distinct clusters, indicating that the DSP approach effectively captured the spatially resolved proteomics and transcriptomics profiles of different compartments within the tumor microenvironment. In summary, the results confirmed the expected sensitivity and robustness of the DSP approach in profiling both proteins and RNAs in a spatially resolved manner. As a novel technology in highly complex spatial analyses, DSP endows refined analytical power from the tumor microenvironment perspective with the potential of scaling up to more analyzable targets at relatively low cell input levels. We expect that the DSP technology will greatly advance a wide range of biomedical research, especially in immuno-oncology and tumor microenvironment research areas.
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44
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Zhang D, Lin Z, Wu M, Cai Z, Zheng Y, He L, Li Z, Zhou J, Sun L, Chen G, Zeng Y, Li J, Liu J, Yang H, Liu X. Cytosolic Delivery of Thiolated Neoantigen Nano-Vaccine Combined with Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Boost Anti-Cancer T Cell Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003504. [PMID: 33747739 PMCID: PMC7967047 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although tumor-specific neoantigen-based cancer vaccines hold tremendous potential, it still faces low cross-presentation associated with severe degradation via endocytosis pathway. Herein, a thiolated nano-vaccine allowing direct cytosolic delivery of neoantigen and Toll like receptor 9 agonist CpG-ODN is developed. This approach is capable of bypassing the endo-/lysosome degradation, increasing uptake and local concentration of neoantigen and CpG-ODN to activate antigen-presenting cells, significantly strengthening the anti-cancer T-cell immunity. In vivo immunization with thiolated nano-vaccine enhanced the lymph organ homing and promoted the antigen presentation on dendritic cells, effectively inhibited tumor growth, and significantly prolonged the survival of H22-bearing mice. Strikingly, further combination of the thiolated nano-vaccine with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibody (αPD-1) could efficiently reverse immunosuppression and enhance response rate of tumors, which led to enhanced tumor elimination, complete prevention of tumor re-challenge, and long-term survival above 150 d. Collectively, a versatile methodology to design cancer vaccines for strengthening anti-cancer T-cell immunity in solid tumors is presented, which could be further remarkably enhanced by combining with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350002P. R. China
| | - Ziguo Lin
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
| | - Ming Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- Mengchao Med‐X CenterFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Zhixiong Cai
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- Mengchao Med‐X CenterFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Youshi Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- Mengchao Med‐X CenterFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Lei He
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- Mengchao Med‐X CenterFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Zhenli Li
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- Mengchao Med‐X CenterFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350002P. R. China
| | - Liqin Sun
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350002P. R. China
| | - Geng Chen
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- Mengchao Med‐X CenterFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- Mengchao Med‐X CenterFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350002P. R. China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- Mengchao Med‐X CenterFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350002P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian ProvinceMengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350025P. R. China
- Mengchao Med‐X CenterFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002P. R. China
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45
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Pereira ACL, Bezerra KS, Santos JLS, I N Oliveira J, Freire VN, Fulco UL. In silico approach of modified melanoma peptides and their immunotherapeutic potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2836-2845. [PMID: 33470998 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide and high lethality. Conventional forms of treatment are not effective in advanced cancer stages. Hence, immunotherapeutic approaches have been tested to modulate immune response against tumor cells. Some vaccine models using tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) such as glycoprotein 100 (gp100) have been studied, but their expected effectiveness has not been shown until now. Antigen immunogenicity is a crucial point to improve the immune response, and therefore mutations are inserted in peptide sequences. It is possible to understand the interactions which occur between peptides and immune system molecules through computer simulation, and this is essential in order to guide efficient vaccine models. In this work, we have calculated the interaction binding energies of crystallographic data based on modified gp100 peptides and HLA-A*0201 using density functional theory (DFT) and the molecular fractionation with conjugated caps (MFCC) approach. Our results show the most relevant residue-residue interactions, the impact of three mutations in their binding sites, and the main HLA-A*0201 amino acids for peptide-HLA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C L Pereira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal-RN, Brazil.
| | - K S Bezerra
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal-RN, Brazil.
| | - J L S Santos
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal-RN, Brazil.
| | - J I N Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal-RN, Brazil.
| | - V N Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
| | - U L Fulco
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal-RN, Brazil.
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46
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Francian A, Widmer A, Olsson T, Ramirez M, Heald D, Rasic K, Adams L, Martinson H, Kullberg M. Delivery of toll-like receptor agonists by complement C3-targeted liposomes activates immune cells and reduces tumour growth. J Drug Target 2021; 29:754-760. [PMID: 33472457 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1878364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of antigen presenting cells (APCs) is necessary for immune recognition and elimination of cancer. Our lab has developed a liposome nanoparticle that binds to complement C3 proteins present in serum. These C3-liposomes are specifically internalised by APCs and other myeloid cells, which express complement C3-binding receptors. Known immune stimulating compounds, toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, were encapsulated within the C3-liposomes, including monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), R848, and CpG 1826, specific for TLR4, TLR7/8, and TLR9 respectively. When recognised by their respective TLRs within the myeloid cells, these compounds trigger signal cascades that ultimately lead to increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation markers (CD80, CD83, CD86 and CD40). RT-PCR analysis of murine bone marrow cells treated with C3-liposomes revealed a significant increase in gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, IRF7, and IP-10). Furthermore, treatment of 4T1 tumour-bearing mice with C3-liposomes containing TLR agonists resulted in reduced tumour growth, compared to PBS treated mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that C3-liposome delivery of TLR agonists activates APCs and induces tumour-specific adaptive immune responses, leading to reduced tumour growth in a breast cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Francian
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Ashley Widmer
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Troy Olsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Marisabel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Darion Heald
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Keaton Rasic
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Luke Adams
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Holly Martinson
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Max Kullberg
- WWAMI School of Medical Education, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
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47
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Shibata H, Zhou L, Xu N, Egloff AM, Uppaluri R. Personalized cancer vaccination in head and neck cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:978-988. [PMID: 33368875 PMCID: PMC7935792 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by an accumulation of somatic mutations that represent a source of neoantigens for targeting by antigen-specific T cells. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a relatively high mutation burden across all cancer types, and cellular immunity to neoantigens likely plays a key role in HNSCC clinical outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have brought new treatment options and hopes to patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC. However, many patients do not benefit from CPI therapies, highlighting the need for novel immunotherapy or combinatorial strategies. One such approach is personalized cancer vaccination targeting tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens, either as single agents or in combination with other therapies. Recent advances in next-generation genomic sequencing technologies and computational algorithms have enabled efficient identification of somatic mutation-derived neoantigens and are anticipated to facilitate the development of cancer vaccine strategies. Here, we review cancer vaccine approaches against HNSCC, including fundamental mechanisms of a cancer vaccine, considerations for selecting appropriate antigens, and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Liye Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ann Marie Egloff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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48
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Pallerla S, Abdul AURM, Comeau J, Jois S. Cancer Vaccines, Treatment of the Future: With Emphasis on HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E779. [PMID: 33466691 PMCID: PMC7828795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. With improvements in early-stage diagnosis and targeted therapies, there has been an improvement in the overall survival rate in breast cancer over the past decade. Despite the development of targeted therapies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as monoclonal antibodies and their toxin conjugates, all metastatic tumors develop resistance, and nearly one-third of HER2+ breast cancer patients develop resistance to all these therapies. Although antibody therapy has shown promising results in breast cancer patients, passive immunotherapy approaches have limitations and need continuous administration over a long period. Vaccine therapy introduces antigens that act on cancer cells causing prolonged activation of the immune system. In particular, cancer relapse could be avoided due to the presence of a longer period of immunological memory with an effective vaccine that can protect against various tumor antigens. Cancer vaccines are broadly classified as preventive and therapeutic. Preventive vaccines are used to ward off any future infections and therapeutic vaccines are used to treat a person with active disease. In this article, we provided details about the tumor environment, different types of vaccines, their advantages and disadvantages, and the current status of various vaccine candidates with a focus on vaccines for breast cancer. Current data indicate that therapeutic vaccines themselves have limitations in terms of efficacy and are used in combination with other chemotherapeutic or targeting agents. The majority of breast cancer vaccines are undergoing clinical trials and the next decade will see the fruitfulness of breast cancer vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Pallerla
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (S.P.); (J.C.)
| | | | - Jill Comeau
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (S.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Seetharama Jois
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences and School of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA; (S.P.); (J.C.)
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49
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Kumari S, Mukherjee S, Sinha D, Abdisalaam S, Krishnan S, Asaithamby A. Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8151. [PMID: 33142765 PMCID: PMC7663574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT), an integral component of curative treatment for many malignancies, can be administered via an increasing array of techniques. In this review, we summarize the properties and application of different types of RT, specifically, conventional therapy with x-rays, stereotactic body RT, and proton and carbon particle therapies. We highlight how low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation induces simple DNA lesions that are efficiently repaired by cells, whereas high-LET radiation causes complex DNA lesions that are difficult to repair and that ultimately enhance cancer cell killing. Additionally, we discuss the immunogenicity of radiation-induced tumor death, elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which radiation mounts innate and adaptive immune responses and explore strategies by which we can increase the efficacy of these mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which RT modulates immune signaling and the key players involved in modulating the RT-mediated immune response will help to improve therapeutic efficacy and to identify novel immunomodulatory drugs that will benefit cancer patients undergoing targeted RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Kumari
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Shibani Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Debapriya Sinha
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Salim Abdisalaam
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Aroumougame Asaithamby
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.K.); (D.S.); (S.A.)
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50
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Kumbhari A, Egelston CA, Lee PP, Kim PS. Mature Dendritic Cells May Promote High-Avidity Tuning of Vaccine T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584680. [PMID: 33193401 PMCID: PMC7662095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines can elicit tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but durable reductions in tumor burden require vaccines that stimulate high-avidity CTLs. Recent advances in immunotherapy responses have led to renewed interest in vaccine approaches, including dendritic cell vaccine strategies. However, dendritic cell requirements for vaccines that generate potent anti-tumor T-cell responses are unclear. Here we use mathematical modeling to show that, counterintuitively, increasing levels of immature dendritic cells may lead to selective expansion of high-avidity CTLs. This finding is in contrast with traditional dendritic cell vaccine approaches that have sought to harness ex vivo generated mature dendritic cells. We show that the injection of vaccine antigens in the context of increased numbers of immature dendritic cells results in a decreased overall peptide:MHC complex load that favors high-avidity CTL activation and expansion. Overall, our results provide a firm basis for further development of this approach, both alone and in combination with other immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumbhari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Colt A. Egelston
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Peter P. Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Peter S. Kim
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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