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Luo Y, Tan Z, Zhang H, Tang S, Sooranna SR, Xie J. Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique and the Effectiveness of the Sunscreen Components Isolated from Bletilla striata. Molecules 2024; 29:2786. [PMID: 38930851 PMCID: PMC11206547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bletilla striata is the dried tuber of B. striata (Thund.) Reichb.f., which has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant and wound healing effects. Traditionally, it has been used for hemostasis therapy, as well as to treat sores, swelling and chapped skin. In this study, we used the ultraviolet (UV) absorbance rate of B. striata extracts as the index, and the extraction was varied with respect to the solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, ultrasonic time and temperature in order to optimize the extraction process for its sunscreen components. The main compounds in the sunscreen ingredients of Baiji (B. striata) were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The sunscreen properties were subsequently evaluated in vitro using the 3M tape method. The results show that the optimal extraction conditions for the sunscreen components of B. striata were a solid-liquid ratio of 1:40 (g/mL), an ethanol concentration of 50%, an ultrasonic time of 50 min and a temperature of 60 °C. A power of 100 W and an ultrasonic frequency of 40 Hz were used throughout the experiments. Under these optimized conditions, the UV absorption rate of the isolated sunscreen components in the UVB region reached 84.38%, and the RSD was 0.11%. Eighteen compounds were identified, including eleven 2-isobutyl malic acid glucose oxybenzyl esters, four phenanthrenes, two bibenzyl and one α-isobutylmalic acid. An evaluation of the sunscreen properties showed that the average UVB absorption values for the sunscreen samples from different batches of B. striata ranged from 0.727 to 1.201. The sunscreen ingredients of the extracts from B. striata had a good UV absorption capacity in the UVB area, and they were effective in their sunscreen effects under medium-intensity sunlight. Therefore, this study will be an experimental reference for the extraction of sunscreen ingredients from the B. striata plant, and it provides evidence for the future development of B. striata as a candidate cosmetic raw material with UVB protection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China;
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhenyuan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.T.); (H.Z.); (S.T.)
| | - Hancui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.T.); (H.Z.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuai Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.T.); (H.Z.); (S.T.)
| | - Suren R. Sooranna
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
- Life Science and Clinical Research Center, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Jizhao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Z.T.); (H.Z.); (S.T.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530021, China
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Naseer M, Asad N, Javaid A, Moughal R, Akram H, Mudassir S, Asif MI, Maheshwary N, Ahmed A. Participants' Experiences and Satisfaction With Sun Protection Factor (SPF) 100 Sunscreen in Actual Use Conditions. Cureus 2024; 16:e61212. [PMID: 38939303 PMCID: PMC11208887 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Exposure to sunlight's ultraviolet (UV) radiation poses various health risks, including sunburn, skin damage, and heightened skin cancer risk. Sunblock usage has surged due to widespread advertising campaigns. Individuals spending time outdoors should employ protective measures like wearing hats, applying sunblock with a high sun protection factor (SPF), covering exposed skin, and seeking shade to mitigate UV exposure's harmful effects. This study's objective is to assess participants' experiences and satisfaction with SPF 100 sunscreen in actual use conditions. Methodology This study employed a prospective, single-center design involving 100 participants aged 18 to 70 years. Eligible individuals had Fitzpatrick skin types I-III and were engaged in outdoor activities, excluding those with certain medical conditions or medication use. Each participant received sunscreen tubes (Solero SPF 100, Helix Pharma Pvt. Ltd., Karachi, Pakistan), and clinical evaluations were conducted on the day before and after and day 22 visits, with sunblock application and UV-induced erythema assessments performed. Results Our study enrolled participants with a mean age of 25.6 ± 7.1 years, ranging from 15 to 55 years, with females comprising 84% (84) of the sample. Results revealed widespread satisfaction and acceptance of SPF 100 sunscreen, without any reported adverse reactions. A significant majority expressed their willingness to purchase and recommend the sunscreen to others. Furthermore, the majority of healthcare providers expressed satisfaction with prescribing this sunscreen. Conclusions In conclusion, SPF 100 sunscreen demonstrated excellent tolerability and acceptability among participants, suggesting its potential utility in both personal sun protection routines and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Naseer
- Department of Dermatology, Shaheed Benazirabad Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women, Nawabshah, PAK
| | - Nazia Asad
- Department of Dermatology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Ramla Moughal
- Department of Dermatology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi, PAK
| | - Hadia Akram
- Department of Dermatology, Anam Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Shafia Mudassir
- Department of Dermatology, Silk Skin Clinic, Rawalpindi, PAK
| | | | - Neeta Maheshwary
- Department of Medical Affairs, Helix Pharma Pvt. Ltd., Karachi, PAK
| | - Arjumand Ahmed
- Department of Medical Affairs, Helix Pharma Pvt. Ltd., Karachi, PAK
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da Silva SP, da Costa CBL, de Freitas AFS, da Silva JDF, Costa WK, da Silva WSFL, Machado JCB, da Silva SMS, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL, da Costa Silva Neto J, da Silva MV, de Oliveira AM, Paiva PMG, Napoleão TH. Saline extract of Portulaca elatior leaves with photoprotective and antioxidant activities does not show acute oral and dermal toxicity in mice. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:179-190. [PMID: 37008695 PMCID: PMC10050472 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate saline extracts from the leaves (LE) and stem (SE) of Portulaca elatior in relation to their phytochemical composition and photoprotective and antioxidant effects, as well as to evaluate the toxicity of the leaf extract. The extracts were characterized for protein concentration and phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as for thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles. Total antioxidant capacity and DPPH and ABTS+ scavenging activities were determined. In the photoprotective activity assay, the sun protection factor (SPF) was calculated. The toxicity evaluation of LE included in vitro hemolytic assay and in vivo oral and dermal acute toxicity assays in Swiss mice. LE showed the highest protein, phenol, and flavonoid (8.79 mg/mL, 323.46 mg GAE/g, and 101.96 QE/g, respectively). TLC revealed the presence of flavonoids, reducing sugars, terpenes, and steroids in both extracts. In HPLC profiles, LE contained flavonoids, while SE contained flavonoids and ellagic tannins. The antioxidant activity assays showed the lowest IC50 values (34.15-413.3 µg/mL) for LE, which presented relevant SPF (> 6) at 50 and 100 µg/mL. LE demonstrated low hemolytic capacity, and no signs of intoxication were observed in mice treated orally or topically at 1000 mg/kg. However, at 2000 mg/kg, an increase in the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and a reduction in lymphocytes were observed; animals treated topically with 2000 mg/kg displayed scratching behavior during the first hour of observation and showed edema and erythema that regressed after six days. In conclusion, LE did not present acute oral or dermal toxicity in Swiss mice at a dose of 1000 mg/kg and showed slight toxicity in animals treated with 2000 mg/kg. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-022-00160-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suéllen Pedrosa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wêndeo Kennedy Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Carla Barbosa Machado
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Analítico e Tecnológico de Fitoterápicos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Souza da Silva
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Analítico e Tecnológico de Fitoterápicos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Desenvolvimento Analítico e Tecnológico de Fitoterápicos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Jacinto da Costa Silva Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco Brazil
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Fan J, Buma WJ. Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Studies of the Lower Electronically Excited States of Flavone. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1649-1655. [PMID: 36776109 PMCID: PMC9969512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The spectroscopic and dynamics properties of flavone─the core chromophore of a wide variety of naturally occurring ultraviolet protecting filters─have been studied under supersonic beam conditions using (1 + 1') resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization spectroscopic techniques. Excitation spectra recorded under such conditions are found to differ significantly from previously reported spectra. Pump-probe studies find that intersystem crossing is the dominant decay pathway of the excited singlet manifold, in agreement with previous solution phase studies and quantum chemical predictions for the isolated molecule. Microsolvation studies on flavone-water clusters reveal that the addition of one and two water molecules leads to considerable shifts in excitation energies but that further complexation does not result in further noticeable shifts. The relaxation pathways of the electronically excited states, on the other hand, do not appear to be influenced by interactions with the solvent molecules. Finally, photoionization spectra have enabled the accurate determination of the adiabatic ionization energy to the ground state of the molecular ion─key to the antioxidant properties of flavone─as 65,415 cm-1 (8.110 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Fan
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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Flavones: Six Selected Flavones and Their Related Signaling Pathways That Induce Apoptosis in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810965. [PMID: 36142874 PMCID: PMC9505532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a horrific disease that, to date, has no cure. It is caused by various factors and takes many lives. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism and if it does not function correctly in cancer cells, it can lead to severe disease. There are various signaling pathways for regulating apoptosis in cancer cells. Flavonoids are non-artificial natural bioactive compounds that are gaining attention as being capable of for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Among these, in this study, we focus on flavones. Flavones are a subclass of the numerous available flavonoids and possess several bioactive functions. Some of the most reported and well-known critical flavones, namely apigenin, acacetin, baicalein, luteolin, tangeretin, and wogonin, are discussed in depth in this review. Our main aim is to investigate the effects of the selected flavones on apoptosis and cell signaling pathways that contribute to death due to various types of cancers.
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Valorization of the Photo-Protective Potential of the Phytochemically Standardized Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Leaf Extract in UVA-Irradiated Human Skin Fibroblasts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165144. [PMID: 36014384 PMCID: PMC9415354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves of Olea europaea are a by-product of the olive oil industry and a dietary supplement with acknowledged antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity but underestimated photoprotective potential. We investigated the protective effects of the LC-PDA-MS/MS standardized ethanol-water extract of olive leaves (OLE), containing 26.2% total phenols and 22.2% oleuropein, with underlying mechanisms against the UVA-induced oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Hs68 cells were pre-treated (24 h) with OLE (2.5-25 μg/mL) or the reference antioxidants, quercetin and ascorbic acid (25 μg/mL), followed by irradiation (8 J/cm2). OLE significantly reduced the UVA-induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and increased the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) expression and post-radiation viability of fibroblasts by inhibiting their apoptosis. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways appeared to be inhibited by OLE, but the activity of caspase 9 was the most reduced. We hypothesized that the TrxR up-regulation by OLE could have prevented the UVA-induced apoptosis of Hs68 cells. In addition, a significant decrease in UVA-induced secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) was shown in human lymphocyte culture in response to OLE treatment. In summary, our results support the beneficial effect of OLE in an in vitro model and indicate its great potential for use in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as a topical photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Castro TLAD, Ferreira BD, Cardoso CAL. Photoprotective action, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of aqueous extracts of Campomanesia sessiliflora O. Berg. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE QUÍMICA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v50n3.97095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Campomanesia sessiliflora O. Berg is a medicinal plant that is object of very few studies in the literature. In this context, the antioxidant activity, sun protection factor (SPF) and toxicity in Artemia salina Leachs were analysed, as well as the contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins in aqueous extracts prepared by infusion and maceration of C. sessiliflora leaves. Maceration showed higher levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids regarding infusion and the two samples had the same tannin content. The LD50 was similar for the extracts, both were considered as low toxicity in the test with A. salina. Infusion presented a SPF of 9.98, while maceration presented a SPF of 6.74. Maceration presented better contents of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity and infusion presented a better SPF. The extracts have the potential of incorporation into multifunctional products.
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Marzuki I, Nasution R, Bahi M, Marianne M. Isolation of Caffeine from Scurrula ferruginea Jack Danser (Coffee Parasite) as a Sunscreen in Lotion Formula. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to determine the sunscreen activity of the extract, extract lotion, subfraction, and pure compound of Scurrula ferruginea Jack Danser and to determine the physical properties of the extract lotion. S. ferruginea was extracted by the maceration method using ethanol solvent. The sunscreen activity was evaluated using the spectrophotometric method and calculated by the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). The results of elucidation structure by using GC-MS and FTIR, the pure compound was suspected as a caffeine compound. This caffeine has a good sunscreen activity with an SPF value of 21.358 ± 0.011. The results of the SPF value of the extract, extract lotion, subfractions (A-E), and subfractions (A-E) lotion was range of 32.270 ± 0.227 to 38.171 ± 0.440; 21.358 ± 0.098 to 34.665 ± 0.315; 27.383 ± 0.407 to 34.719 ± 0.162 and 23.448 ± 0.147 to 32.039 ± 0.171 at concentrations of 2%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 12%, respectively. The SPF value of the extract, extract lotion, subfraction, and pure compound are included in the ultra category. The results of physical properties of the extract lotion meet the standards set by Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 1996.
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Antioxidant Activity, Sun Protection Activity, and Phytochemical Profile of Ethanolic Extracts of Daemonorops acehensis Resin and Its Phytosomes. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Daemonorops (Indonesian: jernang) resin is one of Indonesia’s leading non-timber forest products and can be developed as a source of natural antioxidants and sun protection. This study aimed to select promising solvents for extracting a Daemonorops acehensis resin and phytosome formulation with high antioxidant capacities and sun protection factor (SPF) values. Jernang resin was extracted using a water–ethanol mixture in five different ratios. The promising extract was then mixed with soy lecithin in three different formulations. A promising extract and phytosome were then selected based on their antioxidant capacities and sun protection factor (SPF) values. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis was also performed on five extracts to identify the components in the extracts that might be responsible for the biological activity. The results showed that the ethanol solvent variation and phytosome formulation influenced the antioxidant capacity and SPF value. A hundred-percent ethanolic extract and F1 phytosome exhibited the highest antioxidant capacities and SPF values. A qualitative analysis revealed the various classes of compounds in the extract and phytosome. A flavylium chromophore, dracorhodin, dominated the resin extract and was presumed to be the marker compound responsible for their antioxidant capabilities and SPF values. These findings are important for manufacturing sunscreens containing active compounds of bioactive natural resins.
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Intsia bijuga Heartwood Extract and Its Phytosome as Tyrosinase Inhibitor, Antioxidant, and Sun Protector. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) wood (Indonesian: Merbau) is commercial wood with high economic value and is most commonly found in Indonesia. Intsia wood extractives have biological activities related to their potential as natural active ingredients for antiaging cosmetics This study aimed to select the best extraction solvent and phytosome formulation of I. bijuga heartwood extract as an active ingredient for topical antiaging cosmetics. There were five and three variations on extraction solvent and phytosome formulation, respectively. Three main antiaging activity parameters, namely antioxidant, antityrosinase, and sun protection factor (SPF) values, were considered in selecting the best extract and phytosome formula. The results showed that 50% ethanol possessed good antioxidant and antityrosinase activity, but was lower in SPF value, which was significantly different than in other extracts. The phytochemical profile revealed robidanol and robinetin as the main constituent in five I. bijuga extracts. Phytosome F3 possessed high antioxidant, antityrosinase, and SPF values compared to other 50% ethanol phytosome extracts. It could be concluded that I. bijuga ethanol extracts and its phytosome are potent enough to be developed as an antiaging active ingredient in topical use cosmetics.
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Mendoza DJ, Maliha M, Raghuwanshi VS, Browne C, Mouterde LMM, Simon GP, Allais F, Garnier G. Diethyl sinapate-grafted cellulose nanocrystals as nature-inspired UV filters in cosmetic formulations. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100126. [PMID: 34522878 PMCID: PMC8424589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by nature’s photoprotection mechanisms, we report an effective UV-blocking nanomaterial based on diethyl sinapate-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-DES). The colloidal stability and UV-blocking performance of CNC-DES in aqueous glycerol (a common humectant in petroleum-free cosmetic formulations) and in a commercially available moisturizing cream were studied. Grafting the water-insoluble DES onto CNCs renders it dispersible in these water-based formulations, thanks to the excellent water-dispersibility of CNC nanoparticles. Glycerol dispersions containing 0.1 to 1.5 wt% CNC-DES display very high UV-blocking activity owing to the anti-UV DES moieties anchored onto CNCs. A facial cream blended with 1.5 wt% CNC-DES exhibits an SPF of 5.03, which is higher than a commercially available sunscreen with the same active ingredient concentration (SPF = 3.84). DPPH radical scavenging assay also showed the antioxidant potential of CNC-DES, albeit coinciding with a significant reduction in antioxidant activity after grafting DES onto CNCs. Cytotoxicity measurements revealed the CNC-DES not to cause significant cytotoxicity to murine fibroblast cells after 24 h of exposure. Overall, CNC-DES exhibits strong anti-UV and antioxidant properties and is water-dispersible, biocompatible, non-greasy, and lightweight. This study demonstrates the exceptional potential of DES-grafted CNCs as nature-inspired UV filters in the next generation of cosmetic formulations, including those for sensitive skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Mendoza
- 15 Alliance Lane (Building 59), Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - M Maliha
- 15 Alliance Lane (Building 59), Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - V S Raghuwanshi
- 15 Alliance Lane (Building 59), Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - C Browne
- 15 Alliance Lane (Building 59), Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - L M M Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - G P Simon
- 14 Alliance Lane (Building 72), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - F Allais
- 15 Alliance Lane (Building 59), Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - G Garnier
- 15 Alliance Lane (Building 59), Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
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12
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Wong NK, Rankine CD, Dessent CEH. Measurement of the Population of Electrosprayed Deprotomers of Coumaric Acids Using UV-Vis Laser Photodissociation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6703-6714. [PMID: 34342453 PMCID: PMC8389988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of deprotonation sites in multifunctional molecules following electrospray ionization is important to better inform a wide range of spectroscopic and photophysical studies that use electrospray to prepare molecular species for study in the gas phase. We demonstrate that low-resolution UV-vis laser photodissociation spectroscopy can be applied in situ to identify the deprotomers of three coumaric acids, trans-para-coumaric acid (CMA), trans-caffeic acid (CA), and trans-ferulic acid (FA), formed via electrospray. Electronic absorption spectra of the deprotonated coumaric acids are recorded via photodepletion and photofragmentation following electrospray from solutions of ethanol and acetonitrile. By comparing the experimental spectra to wave function theory calculations, we are able to confirm the presence of phenoxide and carboxylate deprotomers upon electrospray for all three coumaric acids, when sprayed from both protic and aprotic solvents. Ratios of the phenoxide:carboxylate deprotomers are obtained by generating summed theoretical absorption spectra that reproduce the experimental spectra. We find that choice of electrospray solvent has little effect on the ratio of deprotomers obtained for deprotonated CMA and CA but has a greater impact for FA. Our results are in excellent agreement with previous work conducted on deprotonated CMA using IR spectroscopy and demonstrate that UV photodissociation spectroscopy of electrosprayed ions has potential as a diagnostic tool for identifying deprotomeric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie
G. K. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Conor D. Rankine
- School
of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K.
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Debiasi BW, Raiser AL, Dourado SHA, Torres MDPR, Andrighetti CR, Bonacorsi C, Battirola LD, Ribeiro EB, Valladão DMS. Phytochemical screening of Cordia glabrata (MART.) A.DC. extracts and its potential antioxidant, photoprotective, antimicrobial and antiviral activities. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248083. [PMID: 34190769 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Cordia have shown biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antiviral, and antifungal activities. The species Cordia glabrata (MART) A.DC. Has no information concerning its phytochemical profile and possible biological activities. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate this profile in ethanolic extracts of young, adult and senescent leaves, as well as their antioxidant, photoprotective, antimicrobial, and virucidal potentials. Phytochemical analysis was performed by TLC (thin-layer chromatography) and showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and terpenes. The evaluation by UPLC-MS/MS (Ultra performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometer) evidenced the presence of caffeic (3.89 mgL-1), p-cumaric (6.13 mgL-1), and ferulic (0.58 mgL-1) acids, whilst, in GC/MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis there was a greater amount of palmitic (51.17%), stearic (20.34%), linoleic (9.62%), and miristic (8.16%) fatty acids. The DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS+ (2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radicals were used to verify the potential antioxidant activity, observing a better activity for the leaf extract in the adult phenological stage: 54.63 ± 1.06 µgmL-1 (DPPH) and 44.21 ± 1.69 mM (ABTS). The potential photoprotective activity of the extracts was determined by spectrophotometry and the in vitro values of SPF (Sun Protection Factor) in young and adult leaves (5.47 and 5.41, respectively) showed values close to the minimum SPF of 6.0 required by ANVISA (Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency). It was not observed an antimicrobial activity for Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2000 μgmL-1, however the anti-herpetic assay against the Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) showed a potent virucidal activity at the tested concentrations with CV50 value <0.195 μgmL-1 and a Selectivity Index (SI = CC50 / CV50) greater than 448. The results obtained in this study suggest that extracts of leaves of C. glabrata in their adult phenological stage have potential antioxidant, photoprotective and virucidal activity, considering in vitro test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Debiasi
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences - PPGCAM, Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - A L Raiser
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, Institute of Health Sciences, Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - S H A Dourado
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, Institute of Health Sciences, Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences - PPGCS, Campus Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - M de P R Torres
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, Institute of Health Sciences, Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - C R Andrighetti
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, Institute of Health Sciences, Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - C Bonacorsi
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, Institute of Health Sciences, Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - L D Battirola
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences, Campus Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - E B Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, Institute of Health Sciences, Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - D M S Valladão
- Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - UFMT, Institute of Health Sciences, Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
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14
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An In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation of the Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Effect of Flavone Apigenin against SK-MEL-24 Human Melanoma Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:5552664. [PMID: 34239802 PMCID: PMC8241515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5552664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important class of natural compounds with successful preclinical results in the management of cancer is the flavonoids. Due to the plethora of biological activities, apigenin (4',5,7 trihydroxyflavone) is a main representant of the flavone subclass. Although the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects of apigenin were studied on a significant number of human and murine melanoma cell lines, in order to complete the data existing in the literature, the aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro effect of apigenin on SK-MEL-24 human melanoma cell line as well as in vivo on tumor angiogenesis using the aforementioned cell line on the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Results have shown that in the range of tested doses, the phytocompound presents significant antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and antimigratory potential at 30 μM, respectively, 60 μM. Moreover, the phytocompound in both tested concentrations limited melanoma cell growth and migration and induced a reduced angiogenic reaction limiting melanoma cell development.
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15
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Sandi DAD, Susiani EF, Adnyana IK, Wikaningtyas P. In Vitro Determination of Sun Protection Factor of Water Extract of Aerodramus fuciphagus from Central Kalimantan. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2021. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v4i2.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunscreen is a cosmetic substance that has the ability to reflect or absorb sunlight actively. It can prevent skin irritation due to UV rays. One of the natural ingredients with a sunscreen effect is the Edible-nest swiftlet's (Aerodramus fuciphagus) nest (ESN). This study aimed to determine the value of the sun protective factor (SPF) of the ESN water extract. The ESN water extract solution with variation concentration, this is 2000, 2500, 5000, 6000, and 7000 ppm, were measured by spectrophotometric UV-Vis at wavelength 290-375 nm with 5 nm intervals to determine the value of SPF, percentage of erythema transmission (%Te), and percentage of pigmentation transmission (%Tp) of ESN water extract. The result showed that the ESN water extract's SPF values at the concentration 2000, 2500, 5000, 6000, and 7000 ppm were 7.80; 9.68; 18.75; 20.58; and 22.24. The value of %Te of each concentration were 15.60±0.19; 10.03±0.42; 1.24±0.04; 0.81±0.01 and 0.56±0.01. While the value of %Tp of each concentration was showed the sunblock category. In conclusion, the ESN water extract from Central Kalimantan at the concentration of 6000 ppm has potential in ultraviolet protection against the skin in the ultra category with sunblock category mechanism. Further, it can be developed into sunscreen cosmetics from natural ingredients.
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16
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DeRango-Adem EF, Blay J. Does Oral Apigenin Have Real Potential for a Therapeutic Effect in the Context of Human Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:681477. [PMID: 34084146 PMCID: PMC8167032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.681477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (4′, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone) is a plant flavone that has been found to have various actions against cancer cells. We evaluated available evidence to determine whether it is feasible for apigenin to have such effects in human patients. Apigenin taken orally is systemically absorbed and recirculated by enterohepatic and local intestinal pathways. Its bioavailability is in the region of 30%. Once absorbed from the oral route it reaches maximal circulating concentration (Cmax) after a time (Tmax) of 0.5–2.5h, with an elimination half-life (T1/2) averaging 2.52 ± 0.56h. Using a circulating concentration for efficacy of 1–5μmol/L as the target, we evaluated data from both human and rodent pharmacokinetic studies to determine if a therapeutic concentration would be feasible. We find that oral intake of dietary materials would require heroic ingestion amounts and is not feasible. However, use of supplements of semi-purified apigenin in capsule form could reach target blood levels using amounts that are within the range currently acceptable for other supplements and medications. Modified formulations or parenteral injection are suitable but may not be necessary. Further work with direct studies of pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes are necessary to fully evaluate whether apigenin will contribute to a useful clinical strategy, but given emerging evidence that it may interact beneficially with chemotherapeutic drugs, this is worthy of emphasis. In addition, more effective access to intestinal tissues from the oral route raises the possibility that apigenin may be of particular relevance to gastrointestinal disorders including colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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17
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Saito GP, Matsumoto ACL, Assis RP, Brunetti IL, Cebim MA, Davolos MR. Zn(ferulate)-LSH Systems as Multifunctional Filters. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082349. [PMID: 33920742 PMCID: PMC8072700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive UV solar radiation exposure causes human health risks; therefore, the study of multifunctional filters is important to skin UV protective ability and also to other beneficial activities to the human organism, such as reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for cellular damages. Potential multifunctional filters were obtained by intercalating of ferulate anions into layered simple metal hydroxides (LSH) through anion exchange and precipitation at constant pH methods. Ultrasound treatment was used in order to investigate the structural changes in LSH-ferulate materials. Structural and spectroscopic analyses show the formation of layered materials composed by a mixture of LSH intercalated with ferulate anions, where carboxylate groups of ferulate species interact with LSH layers. UV-VIS absorption spectra and in vitro SPF measurements indicate that LSH-ferulate systems have UV shielding capacity, mainly UVB protection. The results of reactive species assays show the ability of layered compounds in capture DPPH•, ABTS•+, ROO•, and HOCl/OCl− reactive species. LSH-ferulate materials exhibit antioxidant activity and singular optical properties that enable their use as multifunctional filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pereira Saito
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.P.S.); (A.C.L.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Ana Carolina Lanfredi Matsumoto
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.P.S.); (A.C.L.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Renata Pires Assis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (I.L.B.)
| | - Iguatemy Lourenço Brunetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.P.A.); (I.L.B.)
| | - Marco Aurélio Cebim
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.P.S.); (A.C.L.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Marian Rosaly Davolos
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara 14800-060, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.P.S.); (A.C.L.M.); (M.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-016-33019634
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18
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Inai N, Yokogawa D, Yanai T. Investigating the Nonradiative Decay Pathway in the Excited State of Silepin Derivatives: A Study with Second-Order Multireference Perturbation Wavefunction Theory. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:559-569. [PMID: 33416309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence quantum yield for fluorescent organic molecules is an important molecular property, and tuning it up is desired for various applications. For the computational estimation of the fluorescence quantum yield, the theoretical prediction of the nonradiative decay rate constant has become an attractive subject of study. The rate constant of thermally activated nonradiative decay is related to the activation energy in the photoreaction; thus, the accuracy and reliability of the excited-state potential energies in the quantum chemical computation are critical. In this study, we employed a second-order multireference perturbation wavefunction theory for studying the thermally activated decay via conical intersection (CI) of 1,1-dimethyldibenzo[b,f]silepin derivatives. The correlation between the computed activation energy to reach the CI geometry in the S1 state and the experimentally determined fluorescence quantum yield implied that silepins nonradiatively decay via the CI triggered by the twisting of the central C-C bond. Geometry optimization of the transition state using multireference perturbation theory drastically reduced the estimated activation energy. Our computation gave reasonable predictions of the activation free energies of photoexcited 1,1-dimethyldibenzo[b,f]silepin. The energy profiles and geometry optimizations using proper quantum chemical methods played a critical role in reliable estimation of the rate constant and fluorescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Inai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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19
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Ku WJ, Lin CJ, Lin PH. UV-Protection Performance of Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Extracts: A Natural Ultraviolet Screening Agent. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20985650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for sunscreen products has been rising in recent years due to increasing cases of skin damage caused byultraviolet radiation (UVR). Recent studies have proved that some materials in commercial sunscreen products are harmful to the marine ecosystem. Therefore, the development of a photoprotective and environmentally friendly screening agent has been a leading direction for the cosmetic industry. Calophyllum inophyllum is a seaside plant found in the Pacific Rim, regarded as a potential source of biodiesel feedstock given the high oil content of its seeds. Due to the harsh environment of its natural habitat, C. inophyllum has developed UV-absorbing secondary metabolites, which are natural sources for screening agents. In this study, samples of seed extracts of C. inophyllum were subjected to in vitro UV, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and cytotoxicity analysis; all the samples extracted by solvents of various polarities showed different chemical compositions by FTIR spectroscopy and levels of cytotoxicity. The n-hexane seed extract showed the highest UVA and UVB absorption efficiencies. In the in vitro cytotoxicity test on human skin fibroblast cells, seed oil of C. inophyllum demonstrated low cytotoxicity. Results have shown that seed extracts of C. inophyllum can be an ideal material for a natural high-efficiency screening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Ku
- Forest Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Jung Lin
- Forest Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei
| | - Po-Heng Lin
- Forest Utilization Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei
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20
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Fedorova DD, Nazarova DS, Avetyan DL, Shatskiy A, Belyanin ML, Kärkäs MD, Stepanova EV. Divergent Synthesis of Natural Benzyl Salicylate and Benzyl Gentisate Glucosides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3173-3180. [PMID: 33008263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein is reported the first total synthesis of benzyl salicylate and benzyl gentisate glucosides present in various plant species, in particular the Salix genus, such as Populus balsamifera and P. trichocarpa. The method permits the synthesis of several natural phenolic acid derivatives and their glucosides starting from salicylic or gentisic acid. The divergent approach afforded access to three different acetylated glucosides from a common synthetic intermediate. The key step in the total synthesis of naturally occurring glycosides-the selective deacetylation of the sugar moiety-was achieved in the presence of a labile benzyl ester group by employing mild deacetylation conditions. The protocol permitted synthesis of trichocarpine (4 steps, 40% overall yield), isotrichocarpine (3 steps, 51% overall yield), trichoside (6 steps, 40% overall yield), and deoxytrichocarpine (3 steps, 42% overall yield) for the first time (>95% purity). Also, the optimized mild deacetylation conditions allowed synthesis of 2-O-acetylated derivatives of all four glycosides (5-17% overall yield, 90-95% purity), which are rare plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L Avetyan
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Maxim L Belyanin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Elena V Stepanova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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21
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Pavel TI, Chircov C, Rădulescu M, Grumezescu AM. Regenerative Wound Dressings for Skin Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102954. [PMID: 33066077 PMCID: PMC7601961 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is considered the most prevalent cancer type globally, with a continuously increasing prevalence and mortality growth rate. Additionally, the high risk of recurrence makes skin cancer treatment among the most expensive of all cancers, with average costs estimated to double within 5 years. Although tumor excision is the most effective approach among the available strategies, surgical interventions could be disfiguring, requiring additional skin grafts for covering the defects. In this context, post-surgery management should involve the application of wound dressings for promoting skin regeneration and preventing tumor recurrence and microbial infections, which still represents a considerable clinical challenge. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an up-to-date overview regarding the current status of regenerative wound dressings for skin cancer therapy. Specifically, the recent discoveries in natural biocompounds as anti-cancer agents for skin cancer treatment and the most intensively studied biomaterials for bioactive wound dressing development will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Iulian Pavel
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (T.I.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (T.I.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Marius Rădulescu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-402-3997
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (T.I.P.); (C.C.); (A.M.G.)
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22
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Photoprotective Potential of the Natural Artocarpin against In Vitro UVB-Induced Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1042451. [PMID: 33014267 PMCID: PMC7520682 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1042451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a well-known pattern of programmed cell death, occurs in multicellular organisms not only for controlling tissue homeostasis but also for getting rid of severely damaged cells in order to protect the redundant growth of abnormal cells undergoing cancerous cells. The epidermis of the human skin, composed largely of keratinocytes (KCs), is renewed continuously. Therefore, KCs apoptosis plays a critical role in the maintenance of epidermis structure and function. However, regulated cell death can be disturbed by environmental factors especially ultraviolet radiation (UV) B, leading to the formation of sunburn cells (KCs undergoing UVB-induced apoptosis) and impairing the skin integrity. In the present study, we firstly reported the potential of the natural artocarpin (NAR) to regulate UVB-induced human KCs apoptosis. The NAR showed antilipid peroxidation with an IC50 value of 18.2 ± 1.6 μg/mL, according to TBARS assay while the IC50 value of trolox, a well-known antioxidant, was 7.3 ± 0.8 μg/mL. For cell-based studies, KCs were pretreated with 3.1 μg/mL of the NAR for 24 hr and then exposed to UVB at 55 mJ/cm2. Our data indicated that the NAR pretreatment reduces UVB-induced oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and nitric oxide and therefore prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species- (RNS-) mediated apoptosis. The NAR pretreatment has been shown also to reduce the UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesions by absorbing UVB radiation and regulating the cell cycle phase. Additionally, the NAR pretreatment was found to modulate the expression of cleaved caspases-3 and 8 that trigger different signalling cascades leading to apoptosis. Thus, these results provide a basis for the investigation of the photoprotective effect of the NAR isolated from A. altilis heartwood and suggest that it can be potentially used as an agent against UVB-induced skin damages.
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23
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Chu CC, Hasan ZABA, Chua SK, Nyam KL. Formulation and Characterization of Novel Nanostructured Lipid Carriers with Photoprotective Properties Made from Carnauba Wax, Beeswax, Pumpkin Seed Oil, and UV Filters. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Chin Chu
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI University Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia
| | - Zafarizal Aldrin Bin Azizul Hasan
- Consumer Product Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology DivisionMalaysian Palm Oil Board Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang Selangor 43000 Malaysia
| | - Siaw Kim Chua
- Consumer Product Development Unit, Advanced Oleochemical Technology DivisionMalaysian Palm Oil Board Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang Selangor 43000 Malaysia
| | - Kar Lin Nyam
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied SciencesUCSI University Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia
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24
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Lorigo M, Cairrao E. Antioxidants as stabilizers of UV filters: an example for the UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-019-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sunlight is one of the main harmful exogenous factors that induce the reactive oxygen species formation. The human skin is the first line of photoprotection against harmful exogenous factors, such as UV radiations. The topical application of sunscreens, containing UV-B filters, is widely used to protect against UV-induced damage. Octylmethoxycinnamate is the world’s most widely used UV-B filter in sunscreens. However, recent studies have demonstrated that this substance is an endocrine disruptor compound and with potential to damage DNA. Thus, the safety of this organic filter is a current concern for human health, and it was urgent to develop new photoprotective strategies. In this sense, due to the potential to neutralize the UV-induced free radicals, the use of antioxidants as UV filter stabilizers presented as a novel promising strategy.
Research
The purpose of this review was to assess the use of antioxidants as stabilizers for UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate. For this, we discuss the chemical and physical characteristics of UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate, emphasizing the stability, photostability, and reactivity of this UV filter. The use of antioxidants in sunscreens will also be addressed, from a perspective of the main characteristics that allowed their use in sunscreen formulations. Then, the concomitant use of both was described from a historical and physical chemical perspective, always emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of this association.
Conclusions
The combination of antioxidants with UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate in appropriated formulations represents a viable strategy to protect the human skin against UV-induced damage.
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25
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Lopreiato M, Cocchiola R, Falcucci S, Leopizzi M, Cardone M, Di Maio V, Brocco U, D'Orazi V, Calvieri S, Scandurra R, De Marco F, Scotto d'Abusco A. The Glucosamine-derivative NAPA Suppresses MAPK Activation and Restores Collagen Deposition in Human Diploid Fibroblasts Challenged with Environmental Levels of UVB. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 96:74-82. [PMID: 31769510 DOI: 10.1111/php.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation is the driving force of life on earth, but it can cause photoaging and skin cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of the glucosamine-derivative 2-(N-Acetyl)-L-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose (NAPA) on human primary fibroblasts (FBs) stimulated in vitro with environmental levels of UVB radiation. FBs were irradiated with 0.04 J cm-2 UVB dose, which resulted a mild dosage as shown by the cell viability and ROS production measurement. This environmental UVB dose induced activation of MAP kinase ERK 1/2, the stimulation of c-fos and at lower extent of c-jun, and in turn AP-1-dependent up-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8 and suppression of collagen type I expression. On the contrary, 0.04 J cm-2 UVB dose was not able to stimulate metalloprotease production. NAPA treatment was able to suppress the up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 via the inhibition of MAP kinase ERK phosphorylation and the following AP-1 activation, and was able to attenuate the collagen type I down-regulation induced by the UVBs. Taken together, our results show that NAPA, considering its dual action on suppression of inflammation and stimulation of collagen type I production, represents an interesting candidate as a new photoprotective and photorepairing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rossana Cocchiola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Susanna Falcucci
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Michele Cardone
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sapienza University of Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Maio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino-Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Umberto Brocco
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio D'Orazi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Calvieri
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sapienza University of Roma, Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Scandurra
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Federico De Marco
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
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Puglia C, Santonocito D. Cosmeceuticals: Nanotechnology-Based Strategies for the Delivery of Phytocompounds. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2314-2322. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190709211101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are innovative emerging health and beauty aid products that combine the benefits of
cosmetic active ingredients and often innovative technological solutions of formulation and delivery. For decades,
phytocompounds have been used in cosmetics as sunscreen, moisturizing, antiaging, and skin-based therapy.
When compared to synthetic cosmetic ingredients, phytocompounds are generally milder, have a more favourable
toxicity profile, and are biodegradable. The major concerns in the usage of phytocompounds are their low solubility,
low penetration and physico-chemical instability when applied on the skin. To overcome these issues, different
nanotechnology-based systems have been proposed and some of them are already on the market. Nanotechnologies
can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds, facilitate skin permeation and increase
their stability against light and temperature. Liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, transfersomes, ethosomes,
nanostructured lipid carriers, and cyclodextrins are examples of nanotechnology-based systems currently in use to
improve the performances of phytocompounds in skin care. This review focuses on cosmeceuticals that explore
nanotechnology-based systems for the delivery of phytocompounds and emphasizes how these approaches can
improve product performances with respect to conventional cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Viale Andrea Doria n°6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Santonocito
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Viale Andrea Doria n°6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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Mella C, Torres CC, Godard C, Claver C, Pecchi G, Campos CH. Heterogeneous palladium SALOPHEN onto porous polymeric microspheres as catalysts for heck reaction. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Catalysts based on porous polymeric microspheres were prepared from N,N′-Bis(3,3′-allyl-salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine Pd(II) (PdAS) metallo-monomer, styrene (STY), and divinylbenzene (DVB) as co-monomers. The effects of the STY/PdAS mass ratio of co-monomers were investigated to synthesize the optimal catalyst. All the prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid-state diffuse-reflectance UV Vis (DRS UV-Vis) spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Increasing the PdAS content from 1 to 5 wt%, based on the mass feed of monomers, produced well-defined spherical polymer resins with particle diameters of ~200 μm and high surface areas (>500 m2/g). XPS spectra shown a unique Pd2+ signal associated with the PdAS complex immobilized on a porous resin matrix. The catalytic performances of porous polymer microspheres were evaluated for Heck reaction between iodobenzene and methyl acrylate to produce methyl cinnamate, giving up to 100 % selectivity for the trans-isomer. The resin with 5 wt% PdAS showed the best catalytic activity in methyl cinnamate synthesis. Finally, the best catalytic system was evaluated in octinoxate production producing the target product with the same levels of conversion and selectivity for trans-isomer as was detected for methyl cinnamate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Mella
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad de Concepción , Edmundo Larenas 129 , Concepción , Chile
| | - Cecilia C. Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas , Universidad Andres Bello , Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100 , Talcahuano , Chile
| | - Cyril Godard
- Department Physical and Inorganic Chemistry , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Carmen Claver
- Department Physical and Inorganic Chemistry , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Gina Pecchi
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad de Concepción , Edmundo Larenas 129 , Concepción , Chile
- Millenium Nuclei on Catalytic Processes Towards Sustainable Chemistry (CSC) , Concepción , Chile
| | - Cristian H. Campos
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad de Concepción , Edmundo Larenas 129 , Concepción , Chile
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Chaiprasongsuk A, Janjetovic Z, Kim TK, Jarrett SG, D'Orazio JA, Holick MF, Tang EKY, Tuckey RC, Panich U, Li W, Slominski AT. Protective effects of novel derivatives of vitamin D 3 and lumisterol against UVB-induced damage in human keratinocytes involve activation of Nrf2 and p53 defense mechanisms. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101206. [PMID: 31039479 PMCID: PMC6488822 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested whether novel CYP11A1-derived vitamin D3- and lumisterol-hydroxyderivatives, including 1,25(OH)2D3, 20(OH)D3, 1,20(OH)2D3, 20,23(OH)2D3, 1,20,23(OH)3D3, lumisterol, 20(OH)L3, 22(OH)L3, 20,22(OH)2L3, and 24(OH)L3, can protect against UVB-induced damage in human epidermal keratinocytes. Cells were treated with above compounds for 24 h, then subjected to UVB irradiation at UVB doses of 25, 50, 75, or 200 mJ/cm2, and then examined for oxidant formation, proliferation, DNA damage, and the expression of genes at the mRNA and protein levels. Oxidant formation and proliferation were determined by the DCFA-DA and MTS assays, respectively. DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay. Expression of antioxidative genes was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Nuclear expression of CPD, phospho-p53, and Nrf2 as well as its target proteins including HO-1, CAT, and MnSOD, were assayed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Treatment of cells with the above compounds at concentrations of 1 or 100 nM showed a dose-dependent reduction in oxidant formation. At 100 nM they inhibited the proliferation of cultured keratinocytes. When keratinocytes were irradiated with 50–200 mJ/cm2 of UVB they also protected against DNA damage, and/or induced DNA repair by enhancing the repair of 6-4PP and attenuating CPD levels and the tail moment of comets. Treatment with test compounds increased expression of Nrf2-target genes involved in the antioxidant response including GR, HO-1, CAT, SOD1, and SOD2, with increased protein expression for HO-1, CAT, and MnSOD. The treatment also stimulated the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15, increased its concentration in the nucleus and enhanced Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus. In conclusion, pretreatment of keratinocytes with 1,25(OH)2D3 or CYP11A1-derived vitamin D3- or lumisterol hydroxy-derivatives, protected them against UVB-induced damage via activation of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and p53-phosphorylation, as well as by the induction of the DNA repair system. Thus, the new vitamin D3 and lumisterol hydroxy-derivatives represent promising anti-photodamaging agents. Vitamin D3 and lumisterol derivatives stimulate antioxidative responses in skin. Vitamin D3 and lumisterol derivatives protect against UVB-induced DNA damage. Vitamin D3 and lumisterol derivatives target p53 and Nrf2-antioxidant pathways. Vitamin D3 and lumisterol derivatives promise to be skin photoprotectors
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyamanee Chaiprasongsuk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Stuart G Jarrett
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John A D'Orazio
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, The Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Edith K Y Tang
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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