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Palomares F, Pérez-Sánchez N, Nieto N, Núñez R, Cañas JA, Martín-Astorga MDC, Cruz-Amaya A, Torres MJ, Eguíluz-Gracia I, Mayorga C, Gómez F. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are key in lipid transfer protein allergy pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385101. [PMID: 38725998 PMCID: PMC11079275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immunopathology in food allergy is characterized by an uncontrolled type 2 immune response and specific-IgE production. Recent studies have determined that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) participate in the food allergy pathogenic mechanism and their severity. Our objective was to investigate the role of ILC2 in peach-allergic patients due to non-specific lipid transfer protein (Pru p 3) sensitization. Methods The immune response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was characterized in lipid transfer protein-allergic patients and healthy controls. We have analyzed the Pru p 3 uptake on ILC2, the expression of costimulatory molecules, and their involvement on the T-cell proliferative response and cytokine production under different experimental conditions: cytokines involved in group 2 innate lymphoid cell activation (IL-33 and IL-25), Pru p 3 as main food allergen, and the combination of both components (IL-33/IL-25+Pru p 3) using cell sorting, EliSpot, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Results Our results show that Pru p 3 allergen is taken up by group 2 innate lymphoid cells, regulating their costimulatory molecule expression (CD83 and HLA-DR) depending on the presence of Pru p 3 and its combination with IL-33/IL-25. The Pru p 3-stimulated ILC2 induced specific GATA3+Th2 proliferation and cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) production in lipid transfer protein-allergic patients in a cell contact-dependent manner with no changes in Tbet+Th1- and FOXP3+Treg cell differentiation. Conclusions The results indicate that in lipid transfer protein-allergic patients, the responsible allergen, Pru p 3, interacts with group 2 innate lymphoid cells, promoting a Th2 cell response. Our results might be of interest in vivo, as they show a role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells as antigen-presenting cells, contributing to the development of food allergy. Consequently, group 2 innate lymphoid cells may be considered as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Palomares
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Natalia Pérez-Sánchez
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nazaret Nieto
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Núñez
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Cañas
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martín-Astorga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Málaga-UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Anyith Cruz-Amaya
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - María José Torres
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Málaga, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad de Málaga-UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ibon Eguíluz-Gracia
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Gómez
- Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA Plataforma Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Málaga, Spain
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Shams MH, Sohrabi SM, Jafari R, Sheikhian A, Motedayyen H, Baharvand PA, Hasanvand A, Fouladvand A, Assarehzadegan MA. Designing a T-cell epitope-based vaccine using in silico approaches against the Sal k 1 allergen of Salsola kali plant. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5040. [PMID: 38424208 PMCID: PMC10904830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergens originated from Salsola kali (Russian thistle) pollen grains are one of the most important sources of aeroallergens causing pollinosis in desert and semi-desert regions. T-cell epitope-based vaccines (TEV) are more effective among different therapeutic approaches developed to alleviate allergic diseases. The physicochemical properties, and B as well as T cell epitopes of Sal k 1 (a major allergen of S. kali) were predicted using immunoinformatic tools. A TEV was constructed using the linkers EAAAK, GPGPG and the most suitable CD4+ T cell epitopes. RS04 adjuvant was added as a TLR4 agonist to the amino (N) and carboxyl (C) terminus of the TEV protein. The secondary and tertiary structures, solubility, allergenicity, toxicity, stability, physicochemical properties, docking with immune receptors, BLASTp against the human and microbiota proteomes, and in silico cloning of the designed TEV were assessed using immunoinformatic analyses. Two CD4+ T cell epitopes of Sal k1 that had high affinity with different alleles of MHC-II were selected and used in the TEV. The molecular docking of the TEV with HLADRB1, and TLR4 showed TEV strong interactions and stable binding pose to these receptors. Moreover, the codon optimized TEV sequence was cloned between NcoI and XhoI restriction sites of pET-28a(+) expression plasmid. The designed TEV can be used as a promising candidate in allergen-specific immunotherapy against S. kali. Nonetheless, effectiveness of this vaccine should be validated through immunological bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Shams
- Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Box 6814993165, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ali Sheikhian
- Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Peyman Amanolahi Baharvand
- Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amin Hasanvand
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Fouladvand
- Hepatitis Research Center and Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Assarehzadegan
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Ramos-Campo DJ, Beltran-Velasco AI, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro Jimenez E, Redondo-Flórez L, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Basis of preventive and non-pharmacological interventions in asthma. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1172391. [PMID: 37920579 PMCID: PMC10619920 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1172391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common atopic disorders in all stages of life. Its etiology is likely due to a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Due to this, different non-pharmacological interventions can be implemented to reduce or alleviate the symptoms caused by this disease. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to analyze the preventive and non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, physiotherapy, nutritional, ergonutritional, and psychological strategies in asthma treatment. To reach these aims, an extensive narrative review was conducted. The databases used were MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. Asthma is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by increased responsiveness to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. Different factors have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, however, the treatments used to reduce its incidence are more controversial. Physical activity is focused on the benefits that aerobic training can provide, while physiotherapy interventions recommend breathing exercises to improve the quality of life of patients. Nutritional interventions are targeted on implement diets that prioritize the consumption of fruits and vegetables and supplementation with antioxidants. Psychological interventions have been proposed as an essential non-pharmacological tool to reduce the emotional problems associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Studies Centre in Applied Combat (CESCA), Toledo, Spain
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Vientós‐Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, Reinero CR. The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1641-1655. [PMID: 37551852 PMCID: PMC10473014 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy lungs were long thought of as sterile, with presence of bacteria identified by culture representing contamination. Recent advances in metagenomics have refuted this belief by detecting rich, diverse, and complex microbial communities in the healthy lower airways of many species, albeit at low concentrations. Although research has only begun to investigate causality and potential mechanisms, alterations in these microbial communities (known as dysbiosis) have been described in association with inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic respiratory diseases in humans. Similar studies in dogs and cats are scarce. The microbial communities in the respiratory tract are linked to distant microbial communities such as in the gut (ie, the gut-lung axis), allowing interplay of microbes and microbial products in health and disease. This review summarizes considerations for studying local microbial communities, key features of the respiratory microbiota and its role in the gut-lung axis, current understanding of the healthy respiratory microbiota, and examples of dysbiosis in selected respiratory diseases of dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida I. Vientós‐Plotts
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Comparative Internal Medicine LaboratoryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- University of Missouri Metagenomics CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Comparative Internal Medicine LaboratoryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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5
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Tarrant I, Finlay BB. Human milk oligosaccharides: potential therapeutic aids for allergic diseases. Trends Immunol 2023:S1471-4906(23)00111-4. [PMID: 37438187 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood allergy, including asthma, eczema, and food allergies, is a major global health burden, with prevalence increasing dramatically and novel interventions needed. Emerging research suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), complex glycans found in breastmilk, have allergy-protective properties, indicating exciting therapeutic potential. This review evaluates current literature on the role of HMOs in allergy, assesses underlying immunological mechanisms, and discusses future research needed to translate findings into clinical implications. HMOs may mediate allergy risk through multiple structure-specific mechanisms, including microbiome modification, intestinal barrier maturation, immunomodulation, and gene regulation. Findings emphasize the importance of breastfeeding encouragement and HMO-supplemented formula milk for high allergy-risk infants. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the most efficacious structures against varying allergy phenotypes and their long-term efficacy, HMOs may represent a promising complementary tool for childhood allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Tarrant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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6
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Sztandera-Tymoczek M, Szuster-Ciesielska A. Fungal Aeroallergens-The Impact of Climate Change. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050544. [PMID: 37233255 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases worldwide is rapidly increasing, making allergies a modern pandemic. This article intends to review published reports addressing the role of fungi as causative agents in the development of various overreactivity-related diseases, mainly affecting the respiratory tract. After presenting the basic information on the mechanisms of allergic reactions, we describe the impact of fungal allergens on the development of the allergic diseases. Human activity and climate change have an impact on the spread of fungi and their plant hosts. Particular attention should be paid to microfungi, i.e., plant parasites that may be an underestimated source of new allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sztandera-Tymoczek
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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7
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Pratama YA, Marhaeny HD, Rohmah L, Kasatu SM, Nurhan AD, Rahmadi M, Khotib J. Allergic rhinitis behavioral changes after Indonesian house dust mites allergenic extract administration as immunotherapy. J Public Health Afr 2023. [PMID: 37492532 PMCID: PMC10365652 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction that is generally mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE). More than 25% of the world’s population is suspected of having these various diseases, and the prevalence and progression of these diseases have continued to increase significantly in recent years. Among these allergy-related diseases, allergic rhinitis and food allergy are the types of allergies with the highest prevalence. Clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis include sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and nasal congestion.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the behavioral changes of allergic rhinitis after Indonesian House Dust Mites (IHDM) allergenic extract administration as an immunotherapy.
Methods: Eight male BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks in each group were treated for seven groups. The sensitization phase is given intraperitoneal, the desensitization phase is given by subcutaneous, and the challenge phase is given intranasal. The allergic parameters were observed, such as nose rubbing and sneezing. The parameters were observed for 15 minutes after the challenge administration.
Results: The results showed that the administration of Indonesian House Dust Mites as immunotherapy decreased the frequency of nose rubbing and sneezing after the administration of immunotherapy compared to the allergic rhinitis model.
Conclusions: The administration of the Indonesia House Dust Mites as immunotherapy decreased the allergic rhinitis immune response by altering the behavioral parameter.
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8
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Akdis CA, Akdis M, Boyd SD, Sampath V, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC. Allergy: Mechanistic insights into new methods of prevention and therapy. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd2563. [PMID: 36652536 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased worldwide. Here, we review the etiology and pathophysiology of allergic diseases, including the role of the epithelial barrier, the immune system, climate change, and pollutants. Our current understanding of the roles of early life and infancy; diverse diet; skin, respiratory, and gut barriers; and microbiome in building immune tolerance to common environmental allergens has led to changes in prevention guidelines. Recent developments on the mechanisms involved in allergic diseases have been translated to effective treatments, particularly in the past 5 years, with additional treatments now in advanced clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos CH-7265, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos CH-7265, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos CH-7265, Switzerland
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Ayaki M, Manabe N, Nakamura J, Fujita M, Katsumata R, Haruma K. A Retrospective Study of the Differences in the Induction of Regulatory T Cells Between Adult Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4742-4748. [PMID: 35031876 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a Th2-type allergic disease of the esophagus, has increased with the higher prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Both conditions are chronic inflammatory diseases with similar clinical presentations, yet their pathogenesis is thought to differ. Recent evidence indicates that forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)-positive regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in immune tolerance and control of Th2-biased responses in various allergic diseases. AIMS This study aimed to investigate differences in Treg induction between EoE and GERD and clarify whether this difference was related to the clinicopathological findings of patients with EoE. METHODS Thirty patients (15 men, 15 women) with EoE and 30 patients (15 men, 15 women) with GERD were included. Patient characteristics, including endoscopic and pathological findings, were compared between the two groups. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to identify T lymphocytes and Tregs. Tregs were identified by CD3 + FOXP3 + staining, and T cells were defined as CD3 + cells. The number of T cells and Tregs in the epithelium was counted, and the average of Tregs/T cells was calculated. RESULTS The ratio of Tregs/CD3 + T cells in the esophageal epithelium was significantly lower in the EoE group than in the GERD group (9.9% vs. 23.6%, P = 0.0000012). Comparison of the ratio of Tregs/CD3 + T cells by age, gender, endoscopic findings, and histological findings in patients with EoE revealed a significant difference in gender. CONCLUSIONS Treg induction was impaired, and this effect was more pronounced in male adult patients with EoE than those with GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Ayaki
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Noriaki Manabe
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan.
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujita
- Division of Endoscopy and Ultrasonography, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Katsumata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
| | - Ken Haruma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical School, 2-6-1 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8505, Japan
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10
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Therapeutic potency of curcumin for allergic diseases: A focus on immunomodulatory actions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113646. [PMID: 36063645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of increasing research evidence on the molecular mechanisms of allergic diseases, the crucial roles of innate and acquired immunity in the disease's pathogenesis have been well highlighted. In this respect, much attention has been paid to the modulation of unregulated and unabated inflammatory responses aiming to suppress pathologic immune responses in treating allergic diseases. One of the most important natural compounds with a high potency of immune modulation is curcumin, an active polyphenol compound derived from turmeric, Curcuma longa L. Curcumin's immunomodulatory action mainly arises from its interactions with an extensive collection of immune cells such as mast cells, eosinophils, epithelial cells, basophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Up to now, there has been no detailed investigation of curcumin's immunomodulatory actions in allergic diseases. So, the present review study aims to prepare an overview of the immunomodulatory effects of curcumin on the pathologic innate immune responses and dysregulated functions of T helper (TH) subtypes, including TH1, TH2, TH17, and regulator T cells (Tregs) by gathering evidence from several studies of In-vitro and In-vivo. As the second aim of the present review, we also discuss some novel strategies to overcome the limitation of curcumin in clinical use. Finally, this review also assesses the therapeutic potential of curcumin regarding its immunomodulatory actions in allergic diseases.
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11
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Assadi RR, Sadhu S, Fatima F, Bhat R, Shivappa P. Retrospective Analysis of Thalassemia Patients in Secondary Care Hospital: Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:53. [PMID: 35982867 PMCID: PMC9379903 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_302_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roomiyah Riyaz Assadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, RAK, UAE
| | - Shria Sadhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, RAK, UAE
| | - Farzeen Fatima
- Department of Internal Medicine, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, RAK, UAE
| | - Raghavendra Bhat
- Department of Internal Medicine, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, RAK, UAE
| | - Pooja Shivappa
- Department of Internal Medicine, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, RAK, UAE,Address for correspondence: Dr. Pooja Shivappa, Department of Basic Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, RAK, UAE. E-mail:
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12
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Augustine T, Kumar M, Al Khodor S, van Panhuys N. Microbial Dysbiosis Tunes the Immune Response Towards Allergic Disease Outcomes. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022:10.1007/s12016-022-08939-9. [PMID: 35648372 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hygiene hypothesis has been popularized as an explanation for the rapid increase in allergic disease observed over the past 50 years. Subsequent epidemiological studies have described the protective effects that in utero and early life exposures to an environment high in microbial diversity have in conferring protective benefits against the development of allergic diseases. The rapid advancement in next generation sequencing technology has allowed for analysis of the diverse nature of microbial communities present in the barrier organs and a determination of their role in the induction of allergic disease. Here, we discuss the recent literature describing how colonization of barrier organs during early life by the microbiota influences the development of the adaptive immune system. In parallel, mechanistic studies have delivered insight into the pathogenesis of disease, by demonstrating the comparative effects of protective T regulatory (Treg) cells, with inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) cells in the development of immune tolerance or induction of an allergic response. More recently, a significant advancement in our understanding into how interactions between the adaptive immune system and microbially derived factors play a central role in the development of allergic disease has emerged. Providing a deeper understanding of the symbiotic relationship between our microbiome and immune system, which explains key observations made by the hygiene hypothesis. By studying how perturbations that drive dysbiosis of the microbiome can cause allergic disease, we stand to benefit by delineating the protective versus pathogenic aspects of human interactions with our microbial companions, allowing us to better harness the use of microbial agents in the design of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Augustine
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Sidra Medicine, PO BOX 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Microbiome and Host-Microbes Interactions Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- Microbiome and Host-Microbes Interactions Laboratory, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Immunological mechanisms involved in the human response to a dog dander allergoid. Mol Immunol 2022; 145:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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The Association between Regulatory T Cell Subpopulations and Severe Pneumonia Post Renal Transplantation. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8720438. [PMID: 35437510 PMCID: PMC9013297 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8720438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe pneumonia accounts for the majority of morbidity and mortality in renal allograft recipients due to immunosuppressant maintenance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are involved in tackling infections under immunosuppressive conditions, are rarely uncovered. We aimed to investigate the relationship between various Treg subpopulations and severe pneumonia after kidney transplantation (KTx). KTx recipients with pneumonia were divided into severe pneumonia and mild pneumonia groups. The frequencies and absolute numbers (Ab No.) of total Tregs (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+), six subsets of Tregs (Helios+/-, CD39+/-, and CD45RA+/-), and T cells, B cells, and NK cells were assessed from peripheral blood via flow cytometry using the
or Mann-Whitney test and receiver operating curve analysis. We also determined the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) DR on monocytes and CD64 on neutrophils. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors of disease progression, and Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to identify relationships between the measured immune indices and patients’ clinical information. Our research indicated that Treg subpopulations were strongly associated with severe pneumonia progression post KTx. Based on the monitoring of Treg subpopulations, better-individualized prevention and therapy might be achieved for patients with severe pneumonia post KTx.
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15
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Murty R, Sankaranarayanan A, Bowland II, Mena-Lapaix J, Prausnitz MR. Angled Insertion of Microneedles for Targeted Antigen Delivery to the Epidermis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020347. [PMID: 35214079 PMCID: PMC8874562 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut and tree nut allergies account for most food-induced anaphylactic events. The standard allergy immunotherapy approach involves subcutaneous injection, which is challenging because severe adverse reactions can occur when antigens spread systemically. Allergen localization within the epidermis (i.e., the upper 20–100 µm of skin) should significantly reduce systemic uptake, because the epidermis is avascular. Microneedle (MN) patches provide a convenient method for drug delivery to the skin, but they generally target both epidermis and dermis, leading to systemic delivery. In this study, we adapted MN technology for epidermal localization by performing angled insertion of 250 µm–long MNs that limits MN insertion depth mostly to the epidermis. We designed a biplanar insertion device to aid the repeatability of angled insertions into porcine skin ex vivo at specified angles (90°, 45°, and 20°). When compared to 90° insertions, MN application at 20° decreased mean insertion depth from 265 ± 45 µm to 97 ± 15 µm. Image analysis of histological skin sections revealed that acute-angle insertion increased epidermal localization of delivery for antigen-coated MNs from 25% ± 13% to 70% ± 21%. We conclude that angled insertion of MNs can target antigen delivery to epidermis.
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16
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Zhang X, Hu X, Tian T, Pang W. The role of ICOS in allergic disease: Positive or Negative? Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108394. [PMID: 34922247 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid increase in the incidence of allergic diseases, the mechanisms underlying the development of these diseases have received a great deal of attention, and this is particularly true in regard to the role of ICOS in allergic diseases. Current studies have revealed that ICOS affects the functional activity of multiple immune cells that modulate the adaptive immune system. Additionally, ICOS also plays a crucial role in mediating cellular immunity and coordinating the response of the entire immune system, and thus, it plays a role in allergic reactions. However, the ICOS/ICOS-ligand (ICOS-L) axis functions in a dual role during the development of multiple allergic diseases. In this review, we explore the role of ICOS/ICOSL in the context of different immune cells that function in allergic diseases, and we summarize recent advances in their contribution to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Pang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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17
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CAR Treg: A new approach in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108409. [PMID: 34863655 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have the role of regulating self-tolerance, and suppressing immune responses. Defects in Treg function and number can lead to in loss of tolerance or autoimmune disease. To treat or control autoimmune diseases, one of the options is to develop immune tolerance for Tregs cell therapy, which includes promotion and activation. Recently, cell-based treatment as a promising approach to increase cells function and number has been developed. Cell therapy by chimeric T antigen receptor (CAR-T) cells has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of leukemia, which has led researchers to use CAR-T cells in other diseases like autoimmune diseases. Here, we describe the existing treatments for autoimmune diseases and the available treatments based on Treg, their benefits and restrictions for implementation in clinical trials. We also discussed potential solutions to overcome these limitations. It seems novel designs of CARs to be new hope for autoimmune diseases and expected to be a potential cure option in a wide array of disease in the future. Therefore, it is very important to address this issue and increase information about it.
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18
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Allergic Diseases: A Comprehensive Review on Risk Factors, Immunological Mechanisms, Link with COVID-19, Potential Treatments, and Role of Allergen Bioinformatics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212105. [PMID: 34831860 PMCID: PMC8622387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases is regarded as one of the key challenges in health worldwide. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this rapid increase in prevalence are unknown, emerging evidence suggests that genetic and environmental factors play a significant role. The immune system, microbiota, viruses, and bacteria have all been linked to the onset of allergy disorders in recent years. Avoiding allergen exposure is the best treatment option; however, steroids, antihistamines, and other symptom-relieving drugs are also used. Allergen bioinformatics encompasses both computational tools/methods and allergen-related data resources for managing, archiving, and analyzing allergological data. This study highlights allergy-promoting mechanisms, algorithms, and concepts in allergen bioinformatics, as well as major areas for future research in the field of allergology.
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19
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Restimulia L, Ilyas S, Munir D, Putra A, Madiadipoera T, Farhat F, Sembiring RJ, Ichwan M, Amalina ND, Alif I. The CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells Regulated by MSCs Suppress Plasma Cells in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis. Med Arch 2021; 75:256-261. [PMID: 34759444 PMCID: PMC8563054 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2021.75.256-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is the most common immunological disease that has been associated with inflammatory responses and is characterized by sneezing. Previous studies found that AR's allergen exposure significantly induces plasma cells and reduces regulatory T (Treg) cells, a population that contributes to control AR. Therefore, upregulating Treg expression can regulate plasma cells leading to inhibit sneezing in AR. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have the immunoregulatory and antiinflammation ability by secreting various cytokines including IL-10 and TGF-β which potent as a promising therapeutic modality for allergic airway diseases, including AR. Objective: To investigate the role of MSCs in generating CD4+, CD25+, and Foxp3+ Regulatory T cells associated with suppressing plasma cell in AR model. Methods: In this study, fifteen male Wistar rats (6 to 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups (control group, sham group, and MSCs treatment group). OVA nasal challenge was conducted daily from day 15 to 21, and MSCs (1x106) were administrated intraperitoneally to OVA-sensitized rats on day 21. Sneezing was observed from day 22 to 28. The rats were sacrificed on day 22 and day 28. The expression of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ in Treg and plasma cells was analyzed by flow cytometry assay. Results: This study showed that the percentage of plasma cell and sneezing times significantly decreased in MSCs treatment. This finding was aligned with the significant increase of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg level. Conclusion: MSCs administration suppress plasma cells population and sneezing times by up regulating Treg to control AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Restimulia
- Departement of Doctoral Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.,Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Delfitri Munir
- Departement of Doctoral Degree Program, faculty of medicine, universitas sumatera utara, Medan, Indonesia.,Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Medan, Indonesia.,Pusat Unggulan Inovasi (PUI) Stem Cell, Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Medan, Indonesia
| | - Agung Putra
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Department of Postgraduate Biomedical Science, Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Teti Madiadipoera
- Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Farhat Farhat
- Departement of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rosita Juwita Sembiring
- Departement of Doctoral Degree Program, faculty of medicine, universitas sumatera utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ichwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nur Dina Amalina
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia.,Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Iffan Alif
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR), Medical Faculty, Sultan Agung Islamic University (UNISSULA), Semarang, Indonesia
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20
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Peace O, Rachakonda K, Kress M, Villalta F, Rachakonda G. Respiratory and Neurological Disease across Different Ethnic Groups Is Influenced by the Microbiome. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1965. [PMID: 34576860 PMCID: PMC8468464 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic upper respiratory illnesses such as asthma, and allergic rhinitis (AR) have been linked to the presence of microorganisms in the nose. Microorganisms can exist in symbiotic or commensal relationships with the human body. However, in certain cases, opportunistic pathogens can take over, leading to altered states (dysbiosis) and causing disease. Thus, the microflora present in a host can be useful to reflect health status. The human body contains 10 trillion to 100 trillion microorganisms. Of these populations, certain pathogens have been identified to promote or undermine wellbeing. Therefore, knowledge of the microbiome is potentially helpful as a diagnostic tool for many diseases. Variations have been recognized in the types of microbes that inhabit various populations based on geography, diet, and lifestyle choices and various microbiota have been shown to modulate immune responses in allergic disease. Interestingly, the diseases affected by these changes are prevalent in certain racial or ethnic populations. These prevalent microbiome variations in these groups suggest that the presence of these microorganisms may be significantly associated with health disparities. We review current research in the search for correlations between ethnic diversity, microbiome communities in the nasal cavity and health outcomes in neurological and respiratory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odiase Peace
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Kartik Rachakonda
- School of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Miller Kress
- División of Molecular Diagnosticas, Phase2Labs, Nashville, TN 37217, USA;
| | - Fernando Villalta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Girish Rachakonda
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (O.P.); (F.V.)
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21
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Prenek L, Litvai T, Balázs N, Kugyelka R, Boldizsár F, Najbauer J, Németh P, Berki T. Regulatory T cells are less sensitive to glucocorticoid hormone induced apoptosis than CD4 + T cells. Apoptosis 2021; 25:715-729. [PMID: 32737651 PMCID: PMC7527366 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Earlier we have reported that thymic regulatory T cells (Treg) are resistant to in vivo glucocorticoid hormone (GC)-induced apoptosis, while the most GC-sensitive DP thymocytes died through the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Here we analyzed the apoptosis-inducing effect of high dose (10-6 M) in vitro dexamethasone (DX) treatment in mouse thymic- and splenic Tregs and CD4+ T cells. Activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways started after 2 h of DX treatment in CD4 SP thymocytes and was 3 × higher than in CD4+ splenocytes, while in Treg cells, weak activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway started only after 3 h. We also investigated the expression of 21 apoptosis-related molecules using a protein array and found higher level of both pro-and anti-apoptotic molecules in Tregs compared to CD4+ T cells. 4 h in vitro DX treatment induced upregulation of most apoptosis-related molecules both in Tregs and CD4+ T cells, except for the decrease of Bcl-2 expression in CD4+ T cells. We found high basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels in untreated Treg cells, which further increased after DX treatment, while the specific TCR-induced Ca2+ signal was lower in Tregs than in CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that in the background of the relative apoptosis resistance of Treg cells to GCs might be their high basal cytosolic Ca2+ level and upregulated Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in CD4+ T cells can explain their higher, DX-induced apoptosis sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Prenek
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Tímea Litvai
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Noémi Balázs
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Réka Kugyelka
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Boldizsár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - József Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
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22
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Contribution of Regulatory T Cell Methylation Modifications to the Pathogenesis of Allergic Airway Diseases. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5590217. [PMID: 34239942 PMCID: PMC8238596 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subtype of CD4+ T cells that play a significant role in the protection from autoimmunity and the maintenance of immune tolerance via immune regulation. Epigenetic modifications of Treg cells (i.e., cytosine methylation at the promoter region of the transcription factor, Forkhead Box P3) have been found to be closely associated with allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. In this study, we highlighted the recent evidence on the contribution of epigenetic modifications in Treg cells to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Moreover, we also discussed directions for future clinical treatment approaches, with a particular emphasis on Treg cell-targeted therapies for allergic disorders.
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Čelakovská J, Bukač J, Vaňková R, Krejsek J, Krcmova I, Andrýs C. Egg allergy in atopic dermatitis patients-analysis of results of specific extract IgE and specific IgE to molecular components. Bird-egg syndrome. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.1924631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Čelakovská
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - J. Bukač
- Department of Medical Biophysic, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech republic
| | - R. Vaňková
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - J. Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - I. Krcmova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - C. Andrýs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Faculty Hospital and Medical Faculty of Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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24
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Wang WR, Chen NT, Hsu NY, Kuo IY, Chang HW, Wang JY, Su HJ. Associations among phthalate exposure, DNA methylation of TSLP, and childhood allergy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:76. [PMID: 33836808 PMCID: PMC8035749 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expressions is linked to asthma and allergic disease. Exposure to phthalate esters, a widely used plasticizer, is associated with respiratory and allergic morbidity. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) causes TSLP upregulation in the skin. In addition, phthalate exposure is associated with changes in environmentally induced DNA methylation, which might cause phenotypic heterogeneity. This study examined the DNA methylation of the TSLP gene to determine the potential mechanism between phthalate exposure and allergic diseases. RESULTS Among all evaluated, only benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) in the settled dusts were negatively correlated with the methylation levels of TSLP and positively associated with children's respiratory symptoms. The results revealed that every unit increase in BBzP concentration in the settled dust was associated with a 1.75% decrease in the methylation level on upstream 775 bp from the transcription start site (TSS) of TSLP (β = - 1.75, p = 0.015) after adjustment for child's sex, age, BMI, parents' smoking status, allergic history, and education levels, PM2.5, formaldehyde, temperature; and relative humidity. Moreover, every percentage increase in the methylation level was associated with a 20% decrease in the risk of morning respiratory symptoms in the children (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to BBzP in settled dust might increase children's respiratory symptoms in the morning through decreasing TSLP methylation. Therefore, the exposure to BBzP should be reduced especially for the children already having allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ru Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Cheng-Hsing Campus, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Tzu Chen
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yun Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Cheng-Hsing Campus, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wen Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Cheng-Hsing Campus, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Jen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Cheng-Hsing Campus, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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25
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Lothstein KE, Gause WC. Mining Helminths for Novel Therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:345-364. [PMID: 33495068 PMCID: PMC9884063 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are an emerging source of therapeutics for dysregulated inflammatory diseases. Excretory/secretory (ES) molecules, released during infection, are responsible for many of these immunomodulatory effects and are likely to have evolved as a means for parasite survival in the host. While the mechanisms of action of these molecules have not been fully defined, evidence demonstrates that they target various pathways in the immune response, ranging from initiation to effector cell modulation. These molecules are applied in controlling specific effector mechanisms of type 1 and type 2 immune responses. Recently, studies have further focused on their therapeutic potential in specific disease models. Here we review recent findings on ES molecule modulation of immune functions, specifically highlighting their clinical implications for future use in inflammatory disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Lothstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - William C Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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26
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Du Q, Meng W, Athari SS, Wang R. The effect of Co-Q10 on allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:32. [PMID: 33743807 PMCID: PMC7980733 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease resulting from continued or intermittent allergen exposure, and allergic rhinitis can be trigger of asthma. The main mechanism of these disease is allergic reaction and immune response dysregulation. Co-Q10 is an enzyme cofactor in mitochondria can control asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms. In the present study, we determined that the CoQ10-induced anti-allergic effects were mediated by up-regulation of Nrf2. Methods Animal models of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma were produced and treated with Co-Q10, Co-Q10 and O-3, Co-Q10 and Mg-S. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from animal models, and IL-4, 5, 13, INF-y, Eicosanoids, IgE, EPO, and histamine production were measured. Also, COX-2, CCL24, CCL11, Nrf2, Eotaxin, Cytb, COX1 and ND1 genes expressions and histopathology were studied. BALf's cells were collected by tracheostomy and used in slide producing by cytospine. Cytokines, Eicosanoids, IgE, EPO, and histamine were measured by ELISA method. Gene expression was done by Real-time PCR. Results Co-Q10 with two supplementation (Mg-S and O-3) modulate MRC, BALf eosinophils, eosinophilic inflammation related genes (eotaxin, CCL11 and CCL24), peribronchial and perivascular inflammation, EPO, type 2 cytokines (IL-4, 5 and 13), IgE, histamine, Cyc-LT and LTB4 as main allergic bio-factors. Importantly, Co-Q10 treatment increased Nrf2 expression and Nrf2 induced antioxidant genes, glutathione redox and inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress injury, Th2 cytokines production and attenuated allergic inflammatory responses. Conclusion Nrf2 is activated in response to allergen, induces resistance against the rhinitis and asthma development and plays an essential role in broncho-protection. Co-Q10 increases the Nrf2 expression and the Nrf2 over-expression has strong effect in control of type2 cytokines, allergic mediators and inflammatory factors that lead to harnessing of allergy and asthma. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Du
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250001, Shandong, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250001, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250001, Shandong, China
| | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Renzhong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250001, Shandong, China.
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Gao SX, Sun C, Zhu YT, Zhao JB, Sun J, Zhou P, Jiang HY, Fan YA, Wei L, Zhang T, Guan JC. Exposure of pregnant rats to staphylococcal enterotoxin B increases offspring splenic Treg number and function via decreasing FoxP3 methylation. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152060. [PMID: 33529803 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an infectious pathogen that is relatively common, but that can cause severe disease in pregnant women and their fetus. We previously demonstrated that exposing pregnant rats to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) altered splenic CD4/CD8 T cell frequencies in their offspring. Whether prenatal SEB exposure impacts Tregs in these offspring, however, remains to be determined. As such, in this study, we intravenously injected pregnant rats with 15 μg of SEB on gestational day 16. Splenic tissue was then harvested from 1-, 3-, and 5-day-old neonatal rats and analyzed via flow cytometry to assess Treg numbers. In addition, FoxP3 expression levels were assessed via qPCR and western blotting, while FoxP3 methylation status was evaluated via methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation qPCR. Immunosuppression assays were additionally used to gauge Treg suppressive functionality. We found that exposing pregnant rats to SEB resulted in a significant increase in Treg numbers, FoxP3 expression, and Treg suppressive capacity in the spleens of both neonatal and adult offspring. In addition, total T cell, CD4+T cell, and non-Treg CD4+ T cell numbers were elevated in the spleens of offspring following prenatal SEB exposure. We additionally determined that SEB exposure resulted in a significant reduction in FoxP3 DNA methylation. Together, our results indicate that prenatal SEB exposure can markedly enhance offspring splenic Treg numbers and functionality at least in part by decreasing FoxP3 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Chao Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Hao-Yuan Jiang
- An Under Graduate Student Majored Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Ying-Ao Fan
- An Under Graduate Student Majored Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Li Wei
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jun-Chang Guan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China.
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Knoop KA, McDonald KG, Hsieh CS, Tarr PI, Newberry RD. Regulatory T Cells Developing Peri-Weaning Are Continually Required to Restrain Th2 Systemic Responses Later in Life. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603059. [PMID: 33613522 PMCID: PMC7891039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic disorders including allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy, and dermatitis, are increasingly prevalent in Western societies. These disorders are largely characterized by T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses to environmental triggers, particularly inhaled and dietary allergens. Exposure to such stimuli during early childhood reduces the frequency of allergies in at-risk children. These allergic responses can be restrained by regulatory T cells (Tregs), particularly Tregs arising in the gut. The unique attributes of how early life exposure to diet and microbes shape the intestinal Treg population is a topic of significant interest. While imprinting during early life promotes the development of a balanced immune system and protects against immunopathology, it remains unclear if Tregs that develop in early life continue to restrain systemic inflammatory responses throughout adulthood. Here, an inducible deletion strategy was used to label Tregs at specified time points with a targeted mechanism to be deleted later. Deletion of the Tregs labeled peri-weaning at day of life 24, but not before weaning at day of life 14, resulted in increased circulating IgE and IL-13, and abrogated induction of tolerance towards new antigens. Thus, Tregs developing peri-weaning, but not before day of life 14 are continually required to restrain allergic responses into adulthood.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Adoptive Transfer
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antigens/administration & dosage
- Antigens/immunology
- Cell Communication
- Colon/immunology
- Colon/metabolism
- Cytokines/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/blood
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Ovalbumin
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Weaning
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Knoop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Keely G. McDonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Phillip I. Tarr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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The Role of Mucosal Immunity and Recombinant Probiotics in SARS-CoV2 Vaccine Development. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1239-1253. [PMID: 33770348 PMCID: PMC7996120 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), causing the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was introduced by WHO (World Health Organization) as "pandemic" in March 2020. According to WHO, thus far (23 November 2020) 58,425,681 infected cases including 1,385,218 deaths have been reported worldwide. In order to reduce transmission and spread of this lethal virus, attempts are globally being made to develop an appropriate vaccine. Intending to neutralize pathogens at their initial entrance site, protective mucosal immunity is inevitably required. In SARS-CoV2 infection and transmission, respiratory mucosa plays a key role; hence, apparently mucosal vaccination could be a superior approach to elicit mucosal and systemic immune responses simultaneously. In this review, the advantages of mucosal vaccination to control COVID-19 infection, limitations, and outcomes of mucosal vaccines have been highlighted. Considering the gut microbiota dysregulation in COVID-19, we further provide evidences on utilization of recombinant probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as vaccine carrier. Their intrinsic immunomodulatory features, natural adjuvanticity, and feasible expression of relevant antigen in the mucosal surface make them more appealing as live cell factory. Among all available platforms, bioengineered probiotics are considered as the most affordable, most practical, and safest vaccination approach to halt this emerging virus.
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van der Heiden M, Nopp A, Brandström J, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Nilsson C, Sverremark-Ekström E. A pilot study towards the immunological effects of omalizumab treatment used to facilitate oral immunotherapy in peanut-allergic adolescents. Scand J Immunol 2020; 93:e13005. [PMID: 33244763 PMCID: PMC7988572 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-IgE treatments, such as omalizumab, have shown promising effects in allergy treatment. Our previous work has shown that individualized omalizumab treatment (OT) allows a safe initiation and rapid up-dosing of peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) in peanut-allergic adolescents. However, the broader immunological effects of this OT are incompletely understood. In this pilot study, we longitudinally followed the total B- and T-cell immunity during OT, using flow cytometry, ELISpot and ELISA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were collected from participants (n = 17) at several timepoints during treatment, before starting OT (baseline), prior to starting OIT during OT (start OIT) and at maintenance dose OIT prior to OT reduction (maintenance). OT did not affect the total B-cell compartment over treatment time, but our results suggest an association between the OT dosage scheme and the B-cell compartment. Further, in vitro polyclonal T-cell activation at the different timepoints suggests a cytokine skewing towards the Th1 phenotype at the expense of Th2- and Th9-related cytokines during treatment. No differences in the frequencies or phenotype of regulatory T cells (Tregs) over treatment time were observed. Finally, plasma chemokine levels were stable over treatment time, but suggest elevated gut homing immune responses in treatment successes during the treatment as compared to treatment failures. The novel and explorative results of this pilot study help to improve our understanding on the immunological effects of OT used to facilitate OIT and provide guidance for future immunological investigation in large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nopp
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josef Brandström
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Carvalho-Queiroz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nilsson
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shams MH, Jafari R, Eskandari N, Masjedi M, Kheirandish F, Ganjalikhani Hakemi M, Ghasemi R, Varzi AM, Sohrabi SM, Baharvand PA, Safari M. Anti-allergic effects of vitamin E in allergic diseases: An updated review. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107196. [PMID: 33221170 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are caused by the immune system's response to innocent antigens called allergens. Recent decades have seen a significant increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases worldwide, which has imposed various socio-economic effects in different countries. Various factors, including genetic factors, industrialization, improved hygiene, and climate change contribute to the development of allergic diseases in many parts of the world. Moreover, changes in lifestyle and diet habits play pivotal roles in the prevalence of allergic diseases. Dietary changes caused by decreased intake of antioxidants such as vitamin E lead to the generation of oxidative stress, which is central to the development of allergic diseases. It has been reported in many articles that oxidative stress diverts immune responses to the cells associated with the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The aim of this short review was to summarize current knowledge about the anti-allergic properties of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hossein Shams
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Masjedi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kheirandish
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Ghasemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali-Mohammad Varzi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Seyyed-Mohsen Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Mozhgan Safari
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicines, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen immunotherapy is the only treatment modality which alters the natural course of allergic diseases by restoring immune tolerance against allergens. Deeper understanding of tolerance mechanisms will lead to the development of new vaccines, which target immune responses and promote tolerance. RECENT FINDINGS Successful allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces allergen-specific peripheral tolerance, characterized mainly by the generation of allergen-specific Treg cells and reduction of Th2 cells. At the early phase, AIT leads to a decrease in the activity and degranulation of mast cells and basophils and a decrease in inflammatory responses of eosinophils in inflamed tissues. Treg cells show their effects by secreting inhibitory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor-β, interfering with cellular metabolisms, suppressing antigen presenting cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and by cytolysis. AIT induces the development of regulatory B cells producing IL-10 and B cells expressing allergen-specific IgG4. Recent investigations have demonstrated that AIT is also associated with the formation of ILC2reg and DCreg cells which contribute to tolerance induction. SUMMARY Research done so far, has shown that multiple molecular and cellular factors are dysregulated in allergic diseases and modified by AIT. Studies should now focus on finding the best target and ideal biomarkers to identify ideal candidates for AIT.
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Dona DW, Suphioglu C. Egg Allergy: Diagnosis and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5010. [PMID: 32708567 PMCID: PMC7404024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity or an allergy to chicken egg proteins is a predominant symptomatic condition affecting 1 in 20 children in Australia; however, an effective form of therapy has not yet been found. This occurs as the immune system of the allergic individual overreacts when in contact with egg allergens (egg proteins), triggering a complex immune response. The subsequent instantaneous inflammatory immune response is characterized by the excessive production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody against the allergen, T-cell mediators and inflammation. Current allergen-specific approaches to egg allergy diagnosis and treatment lack consistency and therefore pose safety concerns among anaphylactic patients. Immunotherapy has thus far been found to be the most efficient way to treat and relieve symptoms, this includes oral immunotherapy (OIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). A major limitation in immunotherapy, however, is the difficulty in preparing effective and safe extracts from natural allergen sources. Advances in molecular techniques allow for the production of safe and standardized recombinant and hypoallergenic egg variants by targeting the IgE-binding epitopes responsible for clinical allergic symptoms. Site-directed mutagenesis can be performed to create such safe hypoallergens for their potential use in future methods of immunotherapy, providing a feasible standardized therapeutic approach to target egg allergies safely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong 3216 VIC, Australia;
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Fernandes LGR, Perez-Riverol A, Bazon ML, Abram DM, Brochetto-Braga MR, Zollner RDL. Functional Profile of Antigen Specific CD4 + T Cells in the Immune Response to Phospholipase A1 Allergen from Polybia paulista Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060379. [PMID: 32521656 PMCID: PMC7354480 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect venom can cause systemic allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Improvements in diagnosis and venom immunotherapy (VIT) are based on a better understanding of an immunological response triggered by venom allergens. Previously, we demonstrated that the recombinant phospholipase A1 (rPoly p 1) from Polybia paulista wasp venom induces specific IgE and IgG antibodies in sensitized mice, which recognized the native allergen. Here, we addressed the T cell immune response of rPoly p 1-sensitized BALB/c mice. Cultures of splenocytes were stimulated with Polybia paulista venom extract and the proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and the frequency of T regulatory cells (Tregs) populations were assessed by flow cytometry. Cytokines were quantified in cell culture supernatants in ELISA assays. The in vitro stimulation of T cells from sensitized mice induces a significant proliferation of CD4+ T cells, but not of CD8+ T cells. The cytokine pattern showed a high concentration of IFN-γ and IL-6, and no significant differences to IL-4, IL-1β and TGF-β1 production. In addition, the rPoly p 1 group showed a pronounced expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD4+CD25-FoxP3+ Tregs. rPoly p 1 sensitization induces a Th1/Treg profile in CD4+ T cell subset, suggesting its potential use in wasp venom immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Gustavo Romani Fernandes
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Medicine School, FCM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil; (D.M.A.); (R.d.L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Amilcar Perez-Riverol
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro 13500, Brazil;
| | - Murilo Luiz Bazon
- Laboratory of Arthropods Molecular Biology - LBMA-IBRC-UNESP (São Paulo State University), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (M.L.B.); (M.R.B.-B.)
| | - Débora Moitinho Abram
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Medicine School, FCM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil; (D.M.A.); (R.d.L.Z.)
| | - Márcia Regina Brochetto-Braga
- Laboratory of Arthropods Molecular Biology - LBMA-IBRC-UNESP (São Paulo State University), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (M.L.B.); (M.R.B.-B.)
- Venoms and Venomous Animal Studies Center-CEVAP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Lima Zollner
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Medicine School, FCM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-888, Brazil; (D.M.A.); (R.d.L.Z.)
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Amin K, Issa SM, Ali KM, Aziz MI, Hama Amieen HM, Bystrom J, Janson C. Evidence for eosinophil and IL-17 mediated inflammation in allergic rhinitis. Clin Mol Allergy 2020; 18:6. [PMID: 32280308 PMCID: PMC7129325 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-020-00117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to determine the level of inflammatory cytokines, eosinophil cationic protein and IgE in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. Subjects and methods Blood samples were taken from 88 AR patients and 88 healthy controls (HC). Each sample was analysed for eosinophil counts by flow cytometry, IgE by ECLIA, ECP, IL-17, and IL-33 by using ELISA test. Results There was no significant difference between AR patients and the control group in age and gender. Levels of eosinophils, IgE, ECP, IL-17, IL-33 and the total symptom scores were significantly higher in AR patients than the HC (P = 0.0001). Serum ECP correlated with IL-17 (P = 0.041, r = 0.42), IL-33 (P = 0.0001, r = 080), and IgE levels (P = 0.017, r = 0.45) in the R patients. There was no correlation between IL-17 and IL-33. There was a correlation between symptom scores and eosinophils (P = 0.026, r = 0.52), and IgE (P = 0.001, r = 0.60) in the patients. No correlation was observed between symptom scores and ECP, IL-17, and IL-33 in the AR patient. Conclusions Patients with AR have significant higher serum levels of ECP, IL-17, and IL-33 than healthy controls. This indicates that these markers could be used to in order to diagnose AR and to monitor disease. Inhibitory molecules to IL-17 and IL-33 may be considered as novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawa Amin
- 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraq.,2Department of Medical Science, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sulaf Mosa Issa
- 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraq
| | - Kosar Mohammad Ali
- 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraq
| | - Muaid Ismiel Aziz
- 1Department of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraq
| | | | - Jonas Bystrom
- 4Expermiental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Christer Janson
- 2Department of Medical Science, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gao SX, Sun J, Li HH, Chen J, Kashif MR, Zhou P, Wei L, Zheng QW, Wu LG, Guan JC. Prenatal exposure of staphylococcal enterotoxin B attenuates the development and function of blood regulatory T cells to repeated staphylococcal enterotoxin B exposure in adult offspring rats. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:591-599. [PMID: 32043953 PMCID: PMC7440678 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is an extensively studied super-antigen. A previous study by us suggested that SEB exposure during pregnancy could alter the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of neonatal offspring rats.Aim. It is unknown whether SEB exposure during pregnancy can influence the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of neonatal offspring rats.Methodology. Pregnant rats at gestational day 16 were intravenously injected with 15 µg SEB. Peripheral blood was acquired from neonatal offspring rats on days 1, 3 and 5 after delivery and from adult offspring rats for determination of Treg number by cytometry, cytokines by ELISA, and FoxP3 expression by real-time PCR and western blot.Results. SEB given to pregnant rats significantly increased the absolute number of Tregs and the expression levels of FoxP3, IL-10 and TGF-β (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the peripheral blood of not only neonatal but also adult offspring rats. Furthermore, repeated SEB exposure in adult offspring rats significantly decreased the absolute number of Tregs (P<0.01), and the expression levels of FoxP3, IL-10 and TGF-β (P<0.05, P<0.01) in their peripheral blood.Conclusion. Prenatal SEB exposure attenuates the development and function of Tregs to repeated SEB exposure in the peripheral blood of adult offspring rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-xian Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
- Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Hui-hui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiande Branch, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejian University School of Medicine, Jiande 311600, PR China
| | - Mohsin Raza Kashif
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
- Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Li Wei
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Qing-wei Zheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Li-gao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jun-chang Guan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
- Department of Microbiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
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37
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Sobhani M, Farzaei MH, Kiani S, Khodarahmi R. Immunomodulatory; Anti-inflammatory/antioxidant Effects of Polyphenols: A Comparative Review on the Parental Compounds and Their Metabolites. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1717523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Sobhani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sarah Kiani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Gruzelle V, Mailhol C, Waters DW, Guilleminault L. Clinical Utility of Rush Venom Immunotherapy: Current Status. J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13:1-10. [PMID: 32021308 PMCID: PMC6954838 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s200917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) is the leading cause of anaphylactic reactions in adults and the second most common cause in children. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is used to elicit an immune tolerance against hymenoptera venom in allergic patients and is based on the administration of purified venom extracts regularly for defined periods. The protocols of administration include 2 phases: an up-dosing phase that incrementally reaches the final dose resulting in a protective effect, and a maintenance phase in order to obtain the sustained effect. The goal of this review is to detail the efficacy and the safety of the up-dosing phase also named rush. Pathophysiological mechanisms, indications of VIT and technical aspects of up-dosing protocol are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Gruzelle
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Hospital Centre of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Mailhol
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergic Diseases, University Hospital Centre of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Mastocytosis Reference Centre and Dermatology Department, University Hospital Centre of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - David W Waters
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Guilleminault
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergic Diseases, University Hospital Centre of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
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Calzada D, Cremades-Jimeno L, Pedro MÁD, Baos S, Rial M, Sastre J, Quiralte J, Florido F, Lahoz C, Cárdaba B. Therapeutic potential of peptides from Ole e 1 in olive-pollen allergy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15942. [PMID: 31685862 PMCID: PMC6828773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive-pollen allergy is one of the leading causes of respiratory allergy in Mediterranean countries and some areas of North America. Currently, allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only etiophatogenic treatment. However, this approach is not fully optimal, safe, or effective. Thus, efforts continue in the search for novel immunotherapy strategies, being one of the most promising the use of peptides derived from major allergens. This work tries to determine the therapeutic potential and safety of 5 dodecapeptides derived from the main allergen of olive-pollen allergy, Ole e 1. The immunomodulatory capacity of these peptides was studied using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 19 olive-pollen-allergic patients and 10 healthy controls. We determined the capacity of these peptides to inhibit the proliferative response toward olive-pollen allergenic extract and to induce the regulatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-35. To test the safety and absence of allergenicity of the peptides, the basophil activation was analyzed by flow-cytometry, using peripheral blood. The results showed that two of five peptides inhibited near to 30% the proliferative response against the total olive-pollen allergenic extract in olive-pollen-allergic patients. Inhibition increased to nearly 35% when the 5 peptides were used in combination. In both cases, a statistically significant induction of IL-10 and IL-35 secretion was observed in the supernatants of allergic patients PBMCs cultures. None of the 5 peptides induced basophil activation and cross-link inflammatory cell-bound IgE. In conclusion, these results open up new possibilities in the treatment of olive-pollen allergy, which could solve some of the problems facing current therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Calzada
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Selene Baos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rial
- Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quiralte
- Allergy Department, Vírgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Florido
- Allergy Department, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Lahoz
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain.
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40
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Li M, Wang Y, Sun Y, Cui H, Zhu SJ, Qiu HJ. Mucosal vaccines: Strategies and challenges. Immunol Lett 2019; 217:116-125. [PMID: 31669546 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunization has potential benefits over conventional parenteral immunization, eliciting immune defense in both mucosal and systemic tissue for protecting from pathogen invasion at mucosal surfaces. To provide a first line of protection at these entry ports, mucosal vaccines have been developed and hold a significant promise for reducing the burden of infectious diseases. However, until very recently, only limited mucosal vaccines are available. This review summarizes recent advances in selected aspects regarding mucosal vaccination, including appropriate administration routes, reasonable formulations, antigen-sampling and immune responses of mucosal immunity, and the strategies used to improve mucosal vaccine efficacy. Finally, the challenges of developing successful mucosal vaccines and the potential solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shu J Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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41
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Fuc E, Złotkowska D, Wróblewska B. Milk and Meat Allergens from Bos taurus β-Lactoglobulin, α-Casein, and Bovine Serum Albumin: An In-Vivo Study of the Immune Response in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2095. [PMID: 31487844 PMCID: PMC6769769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of food allergy may vary. This study aimed to compare the effects of milk, yogurt, or beef meat supplementation on humoral and cellular immune responses in a mice model. Mice were divided into four groups: The "Milk group" was sensitized with a β-lactoglobulin (β-lg)/α-casein (α-CN) mixture and supplemented cow milk; the "Yogurt group" was sensitized with β-lg/α-CN and supplemented yogurt; the "Beef group" was immunized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and supplemented beef meat; and the "PBS group" received PBS in all procedures. ELISA was used to measure humoral response, including: Total IgE, specific IgG, and IgA. Cellular response was determined by phenotyping lymphocyte from lymphoid tissue and measuring the Th1/Th2 cytokine concentration with flow cytometry. The qPCR method was used for quantification of the fecal microbiota. The results obtained revealed a lower IgE level for the Yogurt group than for the Milk one. In the Yogurt group, the contribution of regulatory T cells to MLN and PP was higher compared to the other groups. We confirmed that diet supplementation with yogurt modulates the immune response to the prime allergen, and changes the activity of serum antibodies to milk proteins and BSA. Based on a specific antibodies level, we cannot exclude the possibility of CMA mice reaction against BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Fuc
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Złotkowska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Barbara Wróblewska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
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42
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Baos S, Calzada D, Cremades-Jimeno L, de Pedro M, Sastre J, Picado C, Quiralte J, Florido F, Lahoz C, Cárdaba B. Discriminatory Molecular Biomarkers of Allergic and Nonallergic Asthma and Its Severity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1051. [PMID: 31143187 PMCID: PMC6521078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease comprising various phenotypes and endotypes, all of which still need solid biomarkers for accurate classification. In a previous study, we defined specific genes related to asthma and respiratory allergy by studying the expression of 94 genes in a population composed of 4 groups of subjects: healthy control, nonallergic asthmatic, asthmatic allergic, and nonasthmatic allergic patients. An analysis of differential gene expression between controls and patients revealed a set of statistically relevant genes mainly associated with disease severity, i.e., CHI3L1, IL-8, IL-10, MSR1, PHLDA1, PI3, and SERPINB2. Here, we analyzed whether these genes and their proteins could be potential asthma biomarkers to distinguish between nonallergic asthmatic and asthmatic allergic subjects. Protein quantification was determined by ELISA (in serum) or Western blot (in protein extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or PBMCs). Statistical analyses were performed by unpaired t-test using the Graph-Pad program. The sensitivity and specificity of the gene and protein expression of several candidate biomarkers in differentiating the two groups (and the severity subgroups) was performed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using the R program. The ROC curve analysis determined single genes with good sensitivity and specificity for discriminating some of the phenotypes. However, interesting combinations of two or three protein biomarkers were found to distinguish the asthma disease and disease severity between the different phenotypes of this pathology using reproducible techniques in easy-to-obtain samples. Gene and protein panels formed by single biomarkers and biomarker combinations have been defined in easily obtainable samples and by standardized techniques. These panels could be useful for characterizing phenotypes of asthma, specifically when differentiating asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Baos
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Calzada
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Joaquín Sastre
- CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,Allergy Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Picado
- CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,Pulmonology Department, Clinic de Barcelona Hospital, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi iSunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Quiralte
- Allergy Department, Vírgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Florido
- Allergy Department, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Lahoz
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Immunology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERES, CIBER of Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Cellular therapies, including those based on T cells, are becoming approved options for clinicians treating a range of diseases. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be modified ex vivo to express receptors such as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T cell receptors, allowing them to target tumour cells when infused back into patients with particular cancers. CTLs specific for viruses can be purified ex vivo and reinfused into patients transplanted with haematopoietic stem cells to help combat viral reactivation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can be expanded ex vivo for infusion into patients with autoimmunity or allergy, or into those at risk of rejecting transplanted cells or tissues, or suffering graft versus host disease. Effector and regulatory T cells can also be generated by infusion of patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs) conditioned in ways to elicit anti-tumour immunity (CTLs) or Tregs. All such therapies are resource-heavy (particularly in process regulation) and so must be initially targeted to patients that have limited treatment options, but also where they have a chance of being effective.
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Karaś MA, Turska-Szewczuk A, Janczarek M, Szuster-Ciesielska A. Glycoconjugates of Gram-negative bacteria and parasitic protozoa - are they similar in orchestrating the innate immune response? Innate Immun 2019; 25:73-96. [PMID: 30782045 PMCID: PMC6830889 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918821168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is an evolutionarily ancient form of host defense that serves to limit infection. The invading microorganisms are detected by the innate immune system through germline-encoded PRRs. Different classes of PRRs, including TLRs and cytoplasmic receptors, recognize distinct microbial components known collectively as PAMPs. Ligation of PAMPs with receptors triggers intracellular signaling cascades, activating defense mechanisms. Despite the fact that Gram-negative bacteria and parasitic protozoa are phylogenetically distant organisms, they express glycoconjugates, namely bacterial LPS and protozoan GPI-anchored glycolipids, which share many structural and functional similarities. By activating/deactivating MAPK signaling and NF-κB, these ligands trigger general pro-/anti-inflammatory responses depending on the related patterns. They also use conservative strategies to subvert cell-autonomous defense systems of specialized immune cells. Signals triggered by Gram-negative bacteria and parasitic protozoa can interfere with host homeostasis and, depending on the type of microorganism, lead to hypersensitivity or silencing of the immune response. Activation of professional immune cells, through a ligand which triggers the opposite effect (antagonist versus agonist) appears to be a promising solution to restoring the immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Karaś
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie–Skłodowska
University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Turska-Szewczuk
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie–Skłodowska
University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Janczarek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie–Skłodowska
University, Lublin, Poland
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Pap R, Ugor E, Litvai T, Prenek L, Najbauer J, Németh P, Berki T. Glucocorticoid hormone differentially modulates the in vitro expansion and cytokine profile of thymic and splenic Treg cells. Immunobiology 2018; 224:285-295. [PMID: 30612787 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional disturbances in regulatory T cells (Treg) have been described in autoimmune diseases, and their potential therapeutic use is intensively studied. Our goal was to investigate the influence of glucocorticoid hormone on the in vitro differentiation of Treg cells from thymic and splenic CD4+ T cells under different conditions to establish methods for generating stable and functionally suppressive iTregs for future use in adoptive transfer experiments. METHODS Thymic and splenic CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated from 3 to 4 week-old control and in vivo dexamethasone (DX) pretreated BALB/c mice using magnetic bead negative selection, followed by CD25 positive selection. The cells were cultured with anti-CD3/CD28 beads and IL-2 in the presence or absence of TGFβ and/or DX for 3-6 days. Multiparametric flow cytometry was performed using CD4, CD25, CD8, TGFβ (LAP) cell surface and Foxp3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and IFNγ intracellular staining. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to measure IL-10, TGFβ cytokine and Foxp3 mRNA levels. RESULTS Differentiation of thymus-derived CD4+ cells in vitro into iTreg cells was most effective (24-25%) when anti-CD3/CD28 beads, IL-2, and TGFβ were present. Splenic CD4+ T cell expansion under same conditions resulted in a higher (44-45%) iTreg cell ratio that further increased (up to 50% Treg) in the presence of DX. Elevated immunosuppressive cytokine (IL-10 and TGFβ) production by iTregs could be measured both at protein and mRNA levels without elevation of Th1/Th2 or Th17 cytokine production. We got the highest iTreg ratio (74%) and TGFβ production when CD4+CD25+ splenic T cells were stimulated in the presence of TGFβ. In vivo 4 days DX pretreatment resulted in enhanced in vitro expansion and Foxp3 expression of thymus-derived iTregs and decreased differentiation of spleen-derived iTreg cells. In these Tregs the relative expression of IL-10 mRNA significantly decreased under all in vitro stimulation conditions, while TGFβ mRNA level did not change. CONCLUSION DX promotes the expansion of thymic and splenic Treg cells, and enhances Foxp3+ expression and the production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGFβ in vitro. In vivo pretreatment of mice with DX inhibited the immunosuppressive cytokine production of in vitro differentiated Treg cells. We hypothesize that patients receiving GC therapy may need special attention prior to in vitro expansion and transplantation of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramóna Pap
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Emese Ugor
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Tímea Litvai
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Lilla Prenek
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - József Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary.
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Frantz C, Auffray C, Avouac J, Allanore Y. Regulatory T Cells in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2356. [PMID: 30374354 PMCID: PMC6196252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, accumulating evidence suggest that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are of paramount importance for the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, even though they represent only about 5-10% of the peripheral CD4+ T cells in humans. Their key role is indeed supported by the spontaneous development of autoimmune diseases after Tregs depletion in mice. Moreover, there is also a growing literature that investigates possible contribution of Tregs numbers and activity in various autoimmune diseases. The contribution of Tregs in autoimmune disease has opened up a new therapeutic avenue based on restoring a healthy balance between Tregs and effector T-cells, such as Treg-based cellular transfer or low-dose IL-2 modulation. These therapies hold the promise of modulating the immune system without immunosuppression, while several issues regarding efficacy and safety need to be addressed. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an orphan connective tissue disease characterized by extensive immune abnormalities but also microvascular injury and fibrosis. Recently, data about the presence and function of Tregs in the pathogenesis of SSc have emerged although they remain scarce so far. First, there is a general agreement in the medical literature with regard to the decreased functional ability of circulating Tregs in SSc. Second the quantification of Tregs in patients have led to contradictory results; although the majority of the studies report reduced frequencies, there are conversely some indications suggesting that in case of disease activity circulating Tregs may increase. This paradoxical situation could be the result of a compensatory, but inefficient, amplification of Tregs in the context of inflammation. Nevertheless, these results must be tempered with regards to the heterogeneity of the studies for the phenotyping of the patients and of the most importance for Tregs definition and activity markers. Therefore, taking into account the appealing developments of Tregs roles in autoimmune diseases, together with preliminary data published in SSc, there is growing interest in deciphering Tregs in SSc, both in humans and mice models, to clarify whether the promises obtained in other autoimmune diseases may also apply to SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Frantz
- INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Cedric Auffray
- INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Avouac
- INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Allanore
- INSERM U1016, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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47
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Incorvaia C. One more step towards a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:34-35. [PMID: 30314896 PMCID: PMC6286623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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