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Hung HC, Mao TL, Fan MH, Huang GZ, Minhalina AP, Chen CL, Liu CL. Enhancement of Tumorigenicity, Spheroid Niche, and Drug Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture System. J Cancer 2024; 15:2292-2305. [PMID: 38495500 PMCID: PMC10937281 DOI: 10.7150/jca.87494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technique has been applied comprehensively as a variable platform for medical research, biochemical signal pathway analysis, and evaluation of anti-tumor treatment response due to an excellent recapitulation of a tumor microenvironment (TME) in the in vitro cultured cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is one of the toughest malignancies with a complex TME and refractory treatment response. To comprehensively study the TME of PaC, there is an eager need to develop a 3D culture model to decompose the cellular components and their cross interactions. Herein, we establish a 3D PaC culture system with cancer stem cell (CSC) and scalability properties. To validate our model, we tested the individual PaC cell and the combined effects with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on cancer tumorigenicity, the cellular interaction through the CXCR3/CXCL10 axis, and cellular responses reflection of anti-cancer treatments. With the help of our 3D technology, a simulated malignant spheroid with important stromal populations and TME physiochemical properties may be successfully recreated. It can be used in a wide range of preclinical research and helpful in advancing basic and translational cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chien Hung
- Department of General Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Lien Mao
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huei Fan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Zhi Huang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ainani Priza Minhalina
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lien Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Yan C, Niu Y, Li F, Zhao W, Ma L. System analysis based on the pyroptosis-related genes identifies GSDMC as a novel therapy target for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:455. [PMID: 36199146 PMCID: PMC9533512 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. Pyroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death that highly correlated with the prognosis of tumors. However, the prognostic value of pyroptosis in PAAD remains unclear. Methods A total of 178 pancreatic cancer PAAD samples and 167 normal samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. The “DESeq2” R package was used to identify differntially expressed pyroptosis-related genes between normal pancreatic samples and PAAD samples. The prognostic model was established in TCGA cohort based on univariate Cox and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses, which was validated in test set from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. Univariate independent prognostic analysis and multivariate independent prognostic analysis were used to determine whether the risk score can be used as an independent prognostic factor to predict the clinicopathological features of PAAD patients. A nomogram was used to predict the survival probability of PAAD patients, which could help in clinical decision-making. The R package "pRRophetic" was applied to calculate the drug sensitivity of each samples from high- and low-risk group. Tumor immune infiltration was investigated using an ESTIMATE algorithm. Finally, the pro‐tumor phenotype of GSDMC was explored in PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells. Result On the basis of univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses, we constructed a risk model with identified five pyroptosis-related genes (IL18, CASP4, NLRP1, GSDMC, and NLRP2), which was validated in the test set. The PAAD samples were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups on the basis of the risk score's median. According to Kaplan Meier curve analysis, samples from high-risk groups had worse outcomes than those from low-risk groups. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed that the risk model could predict the prognosis of PAAD accurately. A nomogram accompanied by calibration curves was presented for predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival in PAAD patients. More importantly, 4 small molecular compounds (A.443654, PD.173074, Epothilone. B, Lapatinib) were identified, which might be potential drugs for the treatment of PAAD patients. Finally, the depletion of GSDMC inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and migration of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Conclusion In this study, we developed a pyroptosis-related prognostic model based on IL18, CASP4, NLRP1, NLRP2, and GSDMC , which may be helpful for clinicians to make clinical decisions for PAAD patients and provide valuable insights for individualized treatment. Our result suggest that GSDMC may promote the proliferation and migration of PAAD cell lines. These findings may provide new insights into the roles of pyroptosis-related genes in PAAD, and offer new therapeutic targets for the treatment of PAAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03632-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Yandie Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Liukai Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Nano-Carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China.
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Efficacy of bivalent CEACAM6/4-1BBL genetic vaccine combined with anti-PD1 antibody in MC38 tumor model of mice. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10775. [PMID: 36212004 PMCID: PMC9535276 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We used mouse CRC cell line (MC38) to establish a heterotopic mouse model, and applied [89Zr]-labeled PD-L1 antibody KN035 for PET imaging. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium 3261 was used as an anti-tumor vaccine, and the combined anti-tumor immunotherapy with bivalent genetic vaccine and anti-PD1 antibody Nivolumab was conducted. MicroPET was performed to observe the changes of tumor tissues and expression of PD-L1. We found that the recombinant double-gene plasmids were stably expressed in COS7 cells. Study results showed the combined immunotherapy improved the effectiveness over genetic vaccine alone. This study supports that combination of genetic vaccines and anti-immunocheckpoint immunotherapy can inhibit MC38 tumor growth.
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Alhussan A, Palmerley N, Smazynski J, Karasinska J, Renouf DJ, Schaeffer DF, Beckham W, Alexander AS, Chithrani DB. Potential of Gold Nanoparticle in Current Radiotherapy Using a Co-Culture Model of Cancer Cells and Cancer Associated Fibroblast Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153586. [PMID: 35892845 PMCID: PMC9332249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many cancer therapeutics do not account for the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which may result in failure when applied clinically. In this paper we utilized a simple tumor model made of two types of pancreatic cancer cells that contribute to the tumor environment, i.e., cancer cells and cancer associated fibroblasts. Herein, radiotherapy along with radiosensitizing gold nanoparticles were used to test the efficacy of a co-culture vs. monoculture model. The results show that the co-culture model exhibited heightened resistance to radiation. Furthermore, we found that the combination of gold radiosensitizers with radiotherapy reduced the radioresistance of the co-culture model compared to radiotherapy alone. This study demonstrates the potential of using nanotherapeutics in targeting the complex tumor microenvironment. Abstract Many cancer therapeutics are tested in vitro using only tumour cells. However, the tumour promoting effect of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumour microenvironment (TME) is thought to reduce cancer therapeutics’ efficacy. We have chosen pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as our tumor model. Our goal is to create a co-culture of CAFs and tumour cells to model the interaction between cancer and stromal cells in the TME and allow for better testing of therapeutic combinations. To test the proposed co-culture model, a gold nanoparticle (GNP) mediated-radiation response was used. Cells were grown in co-culture with different ratios of CAFs to cancer cells. MIA PaCa-2 was used as our PDAC cancer cell line. Co-cultured cells were treated with 2 Gy of radiation following GNP incubation. DNA damage and cell proliferation were examined to assess the combined effect of radiation and GNPs. Cancer cells in co-culture exhibited up to a 23% decrease in DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and up to a 35% increase in proliferation compared to monocultures. GNP/Radiotherapy (RT) induced up to a 25% increase in DNA DSBs and up to a 15% decrease in proliferation compared to RT alone in both monocultured and co-cultured cells. The observed resistance in the co-culture system may be attributed to the role of CAFs in supporting cancer cells. Moreover, we were able to reduce the activity of CAFs using GNPs during radiation treatment. Indeed, CAFs internalize a significantly higher number of GNPs, which may have led to the reduction in their activity. One reason experimental therapeutics fail in clinical trials relates to limitations in the pre-clinical models that lack a true representation of the TME. We have demonstrated a co-culture platform to test GNP/RT in a clinically relevant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhussan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Nicholas Palmerley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.P.); (W.B.)
| | - Julian Smazynski
- Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer—Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
| | - Joanna Karasinska
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada; (J.K.); (D.J.R.); (D.F.S.)
| | - Daniel J. Renouf
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada; (J.K.); (D.J.R.); (D.F.S.)
| | - David F. Schaeffer
- Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1G1, Canada; (J.K.); (D.J.R.); (D.F.S.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.P.); (W.B.)
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer—Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
| | - Abraham S. Alexander
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer—Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.P.); (W.B.)
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer—Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada;
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Yamamoto J, Takahashi Y, Minami K, Tamari K, Katsuki S, Takenaka W, Tatekawa S, Hayashi K, Seo Y, Isohashi F, Ogawa K, Koizumi M. High Dose Local Photon Irradiation Is Crucial in Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody Therapy to Enhance the Abscopal Response in a Murine Pancreatic Carcinoma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092087. [PMID: 35565217 PMCID: PMC9101709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an extremely treatment-resistant neoplasm to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The combination of photon beam irradiation and anti-CTLA-4 antibody (C4) for the anti-tumor effect enhancement at local and distant tumors (abscopal tumors) was investigated using the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mouse model. Pan02 cells were bilaterally inoculated to both legs of C57BL/6 mice. High dose photon beams in a hypofractionation or a single fraction were delivered to the tumors on one leg. Monotherapy with C4 via i.p. was not effective for PDAC. The high dose irradiation to the local tumors produced significant shrinkage of irradiated tumors but did not induce the abscopal responses. In contrast, the combination therapy of high dose photon beam irradiation in both hypofractionation and a single fraction with C4 enhanced the anti-tumor effect for abscopal tumors with significantly prolonged overall survival. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that the combination therapy dramatically decreased the regulatory T cell (Treg) proportion while increasing the cytotoxic T lymphocytes in both local and abscopal tumors. These results suggest that high dose photon beam irradiation plays an important role in C4 therapy to enhance the abscopal response with immune microenvironment changes in PDAC, regardless of the fractionation in radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.Y.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (W.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.Y.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (W.T.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-2564; Fax: +81-6-6879-2565
| | - Kazumasa Minami
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.Y.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (W.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (F.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Shohei Katsuki
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.Y.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (W.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Wataru Takenaka
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.Y.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (W.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Shotaro Tatekawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (F.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (F.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Yuji Seo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (F.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Fumiaki Isohashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (F.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.T.); (S.T.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (F.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Masahiko Koizumi
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (J.Y.); (K.M.); (S.K.); (W.T.); (M.K.)
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Qorri B, Mokhtari RB, Harless WW, Szewczuk MR. Next Generation of Cancer Drug Repurposing: Therapeutic Combination of Aspirin and Oseltamivir Phosphate Potentiates Gemcitabine to Disable Key Survival Pathways Critical for Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061374. [PMID: 35326525 PMCID: PMC8946854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drug repurposing in combination with clinical standard chemotherapeutics opens a novel and promising clinical treatment approach for patients with pancreatic cancer. This report presents a novel therapeutic effect of the combination of aspirin and oseltamivir phosphate with chemotherapeutic gemcitabine as a treatment option for pancreatic cancer. The data suggest that targeting mammalian neuraminidase-1 on pancreatic cancer cells with these repurposed drugs is crucial for modulating cell proliferation, invasion, clonogenicity, and migration. These promising results warrant additional investigation to assess the potential of translating into the clinical setting to improve the cancer patient prognosis for an otherwise fatal disease. Abstract Resistance to chemotherapeutics and high metastatic rates contribute to the abysmal survival rate in patients with pancreatic cancer. An alternate approach for treating human pancreatic cancer involves repurposing the anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin (ASA), with oseltamivir phosphate (OP) in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine (GEM). The question is whether treatment with ASA and OP can sensitize cancer cells to the cytotoxicity induced by GEM and limit the development of chemoresistance. To assess the key survival pathways critical for pancreatic cancer progression, we used the AlamarBlue cytotoxicity assay to determine the cell viability and combination index for the drug combinations, flow cytometric analysis of annexin V apoptosis assay to detect apoptotic and necrotic cells, fluorometric QCM™ chemotaxis migration assay to assess cellular migration, fluorometric extracellular matrix (ECM) cell adhesion array kit to assess the expression of the ECM proteins, scratch wound assay using the 96-well WoundMaker™, and the methylcellulose clonogenic assay to assess clonogenic potential. The combination of ASA and OP with GEM significantly upended MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell viability, clonogenic potential, expression of critical extracellular matrix proteins, migration, and promoted apoptosis. ASA in combination with OP significantly improves the effectiveness of GEM in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and disables key survival pathways critical to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessi Qorri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (B.Q.); (R.B.M.)
| | - Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (B.Q.); (R.B.M.)
| | - William W. Harless
- ENCYT Technologies Inc., Membertou, NS B1S 0H1, Canada
- Correspondence: (W.W.H.); (M.R.S.); Tel.: +1-902-574-3540 (W.W.H.); +1-613-533-2457 (M.R.S.); Fax: +1-613-533-6796 (M.R.S.)
| | - Myron R. Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (B.Q.); (R.B.M.)
- Correspondence: (W.W.H.); (M.R.S.); Tel.: +1-902-574-3540 (W.W.H.); +1-613-533-2457 (M.R.S.); Fax: +1-613-533-6796 (M.R.S.)
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Hua J, Wu P, Gan L, Zhang Z, He J, Zhong L, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Current Strategies for Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738323. [PMID: 34868932 PMCID: PMC8635494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a low invasive antitumor therapy with fewer side effects. On the other hand, immunotherapy also has significant clinical applications in the treatment of cancer. Both therapies, on their own, have some limitations and are incapable of meeting the demands of the current cancer treatment. The efficacy of PDT and immunotherapy against tumor metastasis and tumor recurrence may be improved by combination strategies. In this review, we discussed the possibility that PDT could be used to activate immune responses by inducing immunogenic cell death or generating cancer vaccines. Furthermore, we explored the latest advances in PDT antitumor therapy in combination with some immunotherapy such as immune adjuvants, inhibitors of immune suppression, and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Hua
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Pan Wu
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
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Songjang W, Nensat C, Pongcharoen S, Jiraviriyakul A. The role of immunogenic cell death in gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 15:86. [PMID: 34512974 PMCID: PMC8411483 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern cancer immunotherapy techniques are aimed at enhancing the responses of the patients' immune systems to fight against the cancer. The main promising strategies include active vaccination of tumor antigens, passive vaccination with antibodies specific to cancer antigens, adoptive transfer of cancer-specific T cells and manipulation of the patient's immune response by inhibiting immune checkpoints. The application of immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers has been proven to enhance the immunity of patients undergoing various types of immunotherapy. The dying, stressed or injured cells release or present molecules on the cell surface, which function as either adjuvants or danger signals for detection by the innate immune system. These molecules are now termed 'damage-associated molecular patterns'. The term 'ICD' indicates a type of cell death that triggers an immune response against dead-cell antigens, particularly those derived from cancer cells, and it was initially proposed with regards to the effects of anticancer chemotherapy with conventional cytotoxic drugs. The aim of the present study was to review and discuss the role and mechanisms of ICD as a promising combined immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worawat Songjang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Nensat
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Arunya Jiraviriyakul
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Investigation of Nano-Bio Interactions within a Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment for the Advancement of Nanomedicine in Cancer Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1962-1979. [PMID: 34073974 PMCID: PMC8161808 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer, with a five-year survival rate of only 10%. Nanotechnology offers a novel perspective to treat such deadly cancers through their incorporation into radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with cancer cells and with other major cell types within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME) is yet to be understood. Therefore, our goal is to shed light on the dynamics of NPs within a TME of pancreatic origin. In addition to cancer cells, normal fibroblasts (NFs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were examined in this study due to their important yet opposite roles of suppressing tumor growth and promoting tumor growth, respectively. Gold nanoparticles were used as the model NP system due to their biocompatibility and physical and chemical proprieties, and their dynamics were studied both quantitatively and qualitatively in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro studies revealed that both cancer cells and CAFs take up 50% more NPs compared to NFs. Most importantly, they all managed to retain 70–80% of NPs over a 24-h time period. Uptake and retention of NPs within an in vivo environment was also consistent with in vitro results. This study shows the paradigm-changing potential of NPs to combat the disease.
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Nsingwane Z, Candy G, Devar J, Omoshoro-Jones J, Smith M, Nweke E. Immunotherapeutic strategies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): current perspectives and future prospects. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6269-6280. [PMID: 32661873 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest human malignancies with a dismal prognosis. During PDAC progression, the immune response is affected as cancer cells evade detection and elimination. Recently, there have been advances in the treatment of PDAC using immunotherapy, although a lot more work is yet to be done. In this review, we discuss these advances, challenges and potentials. We focus on existing and potential immune targets for PDAC, drugs used to target them, and some clinical trials conducted so far with them. Finally, novel targets in the tumour microenvironment such as stromal cells and other potential future areas to explore including bacterial therapy and the use of neoantigens in immunotherapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanele Nsingwane
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Geoffrey Candy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - John Devar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Jones Omoshoro-Jones
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Ekene Nweke
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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Mahmood J, Alexander AA, Samanta S, Kamlapurkar S, Singh P, Saeed A, Carrier F, Cao X, Shukla HD, Vujaskovic Z. A Combination of Radiotherapy, Hyperthermia, and Immunotherapy Inhibits Pancreatic Tumor Growth and Prolongs the Survival of Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041015. [PMID: 32326142 PMCID: PMC7226594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth-most-deadly cancer in the United States with a 5-year survival rate of only 8%. Unfortunately, only 10–20% of PC patients are candidates for surgery, with the vast majority of patients with locally-advanced disease undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy (RT). Current treatments are clearly inadequate and novel strategies are crucially required. We investigated a novel tripartite treatment (combination of tumor targeted hyperthermia (HT), radiation therapy (RT), and immunotherapy (IT)) to alter immunosuppressive PC-tumor microenvironment (TME). (2). Methods: In a syngeneic PC murine tumor model, HT was delivered before tumor-targeted RT, by a small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) followed by intraperitoneal injections of cytotoxic T-cell agonist antibody against OX40 (also known as CD134 or Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4; TNFRSF4) that can promote T-effector cell activation and inhibit T-regulatory (T-reg) function. (3). Results: Tripartite treatment demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth (p < 0.01) up to 45 days post-treatment with an increased survival rate compared to any monotherapy. Flow cytometric analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in cytotoxic CD8 and CD4+ T-cells in the TME of the tripartite treatment groups. There was no tripartite-treatment-related toxicity observed in mice. (4). Conclusions: Tripartite treatment could be a novel therapeutic option for PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Mahmood
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences (DTRS), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (Z.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-5133
| | - Allen A. Alexander
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences (DTRS), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (Z.V.)
| | - Santanu Samanta
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences (DTRS), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (Z.V.)
| | - Shriya Kamlapurkar
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences (DTRS), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (Z.V.)
| | - Prerna Singh
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences (DTRS), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (Z.V.)
| | - Ali Saeed
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences (DTRS), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (Z.V.)
| | - France Carrier
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences (DTRS), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (Z.V.)
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Hem D Shukla
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences (DTRS), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.S.); (S.K.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (Z.V.)
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12
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Sur D, Havasi A, Cainap C, Samasca G, Burz C, Balacescu O, Lupan I, Deleanu D, Irimie A. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010182. [PMID: 31936611 PMCID: PMC7019711 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a new genetically engineered method of immunotherapy for cancer. The patient’s T-cells are modified to express a specific receptor that sticks to the tumor antigen. This modified cell is then reintroduced into the patient’s body to fight the resilient cancer cells. After exhibiting positive results in hematological malignancies, this therapy is being proposed for solid tumors like colorectal cancer. The clinical data of CAR T-cell therapy in colorectal cancer is rather scarce. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge, challenges, and future perspectives of CAR T-cell therapy in colorectal cancer. A total of 22 articles were included in this review. Eligible studies were selected and reviewed by two researchers from 49 articles found on Pubmed, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov. This therapy, at the moment, provides modest benefits in solid tumors. Not taking into consideration the high manufacturing and retail prices, there are still limitations like increased toxicities, relapses, and unfavorable tumor microenvironment for CAR T-cell therapy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sur
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (C.C.); (O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrei Havasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Calin Cainap
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (C.C.); (O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Gabriel Samasca
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Burz
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.H.); (C.B.)
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- 11th Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (C.C.); (O.B.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Lupan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotehnology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Deleanu
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- 11th Department of Oncological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, “IuliuHatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Tuan HN, Minh BH, Tran PT, Lee JH, Oanh HV, Ngo QMT, Nguyen YN, Lien PTK, Tran MH. The Effects of 2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'- dimethylchalcone from Cleistocalyx operculatus Buds on Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142538. [PMID: 31336786 PMCID: PMC6680674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
2',4'-Dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), a principal natural chalcone of Cleistocalyx operculatus buds, suppresses the growth of many types of cancer cells. However, the effects of this compound on pancreatic cancer cells have not been evaluated. In our experiments, we explored the effects of this chalcone on two human pancreatic cancer cell lines. A cell proliferation assay revealed that DMC exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against PANC-1 and MIA PACA2 cells, with IC50 values of 10.5 ± 0.8 and 12.2 ± 0.9 µM, respectively. Treatment of DMC led to the apoptosis of PANC-1 by caspase-3 activation as revealed by annexin-V/propidium iodide double-staining. Western blotting indicated that DMC induced proteolytic activation of caspase-3 and -9, degradation of caspase-3 substrate proteins (including poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase [PARP]), augmented bak protein level, while attenuating the expression of bcl-2 in PANC-1 cells. Taken together, our results provide experimental evidence to support that DMC may serve as a useful chemotherapeutic agent for control of human pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Nhu Tuan
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi 100100, Vietnam
| | - Bui Hoang Minh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300C Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, District 4, Hochiminh City 72820, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24414, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24414, Korea
| | - Ha Van Oanh
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi 100100, Vietnam
| | - Quynh Mai Thi Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyen Binh Khiem, Hai Phong 180000, Vietnam
| | - Yen Nhi Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hochiminh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Hochiminh City 748000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Kim Lien
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute for Research & Executive Education (VNUK), The University of Danang, 158A Le Loi, Hai Chau District, Danang City 551000, Vietnam
| | - Manh Hung Tran
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute for Research & Executive Education (VNUK), The University of Danang, 158A Le Loi, Hai Chau District, Danang City 551000, Vietnam.
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