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Liu M, Mao C, Zhao F, Chen Z, Wang X. The application and mechanism of Chinese medicine in the upstream treatment of atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1229021. [PMID: 37608811 PMCID: PMC10441233 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1229021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Upstream treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF, for short) is a new approach to the prevention and treatment of AF with non-antiarrhythmic drugs, which is essentially primary and secondary prevention of AF. The former refers to the prevention of AF by controlling risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure before AF occurs, and the latter mainly refers to targeting ion channels, inflammation, oxidative stress, and other pathways to reduce or reverse atrial electrical and structural remodeling, reduction of AF load, and reduction of the chance of AF occurrence or progression. More and more studies have shown that many traditional Chinese medicines, active ingredients of Chinese medicines, and Chinese herbal formulas have definite effects on the upstream treatment of AF, but their mechanisms of action are different. Therefore, we summarized the relevant literature on the application and mechanisms of Chinese medicine on the upstream treatment of AF in recent years, hoping to be helpful for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenhan Mao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fusen Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindong Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of IntegratedTraditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Li ZY, Lv S, Qiao J, Wang SQ, Ji F, Li D, Yan J, Wei Y, Wu L, Gao C, Li ML. Acacetin Alleviates Cardiac Fibrosis via TGF-β1/Smad and AKT/mTOR Signal Pathways in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats. Gerontology 2023; 69:1076-1094. [PMID: 37348478 DOI: 10.1159/000531596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attenuating cardiac fibroblasts activation contributes to reducing excessive extracellular matrix deposition and cardiac structural remodeling in hypertensive hearts. Acacetin plays a protective role in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of acacetin on hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis. METHODS Echocardiography, histopathological methods, and Western blotting techniques were used to evaluate the anti-fibrosis effects in spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) which were daily intragastrically administrated with acacetin (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to induce cellular fibrosis in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) in the absence and presence of acacetin treatment for 48 h. RESULTS Acacetin significantly alleviated hypertension-induced increase in left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness and LV mass index in SHR. The expressions of collagen-1, collagen-III, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were remarkedly decreased after treatment with acacetin (n = 6, p < 0.05). In cultured HCFs, acacetin significantly attenuated Ang II-induced migration and proliferation (n = 6, p < 0.05). Moreover, acacetin substantially inhibited Ang II-induced upregulation of collagen-1 and collagen-III (n = 6, p < 0.05) and downregulated the expression of alpha-SMA in HCFs. Additionally, acacetin decreased the expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad3/Smad3, and p-AKT and p-mTOR but increased the expression of Smad7 (n = 6, p < 0.05). Further studies found that acacetin inhibited TGF-β1 agonist SRI and AKT agonist SC79 caused fibrotic effect. CONCLUSION Acacetin inhibits the hypertension-associated cardiac fibrotic processes through regulating TGF-β/Smad3, AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Si Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Si-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changzhen Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiang Nan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Miao-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Zhou ZY, Shi WT, Zhang J, Zhao WR, Xiao Y, Zhang KY, Ma J, Tang JY, Wang Y. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate protects against hyperhomocysteine-induced vascular endothelial injury via activation of NNMT/SIRT1-mediated NRF2/HO-1 and AKT/MAPKs signaling in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114137. [PMID: 36525817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is one of the independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a hydrophilic derivate of tanshinone IIA which is the main active constitute of Chinese Materia Medica Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. However, whether STS could prevent from Hcy-induced endothelial cell injury is unknown. We found that STS dramatically reversed Hcy-induced cell death concentration dependently in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). STS ameliorated the endothelial cell cycle progression, proliferation and cell migratory function impaired by Hcy, which might be co-related to the inhibition of intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. STS also elevated the phosphorylation of AKT and MAPKs and protein expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1), NRF2 and HO-1 which were suppressed by Hcy. The protective effect of STS against Hcy-induced endothelial cell toxicity was partially attenuated by PI3K, AKT, MEK, ERK, SIRT1, NRF2 and HO-1 inhibitors. Besides, knockdown of SIRT1 by its siRNA dramatically decreased the endothelial protective effect of STS accompanied with suppression of SIRT1, NRF2, HO-1 and phosphorylated AKT. The activation of AKT or NRF2 partially reversed SIRT1-knockdown impaired cyto-protective effect of STS against Hcy-induced cell injury. Furthermore, STS prevented from Hcy-induced intracellular nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) reduction along with elevation of intracellular methylnicotinamide (MNA), and MNA enhanced STS protecting against Hcy induced endothelial death. Knockdown of NNMT reduced the protective effect of STS against Hcy induced endothelial cell injury. Collectively, STS presented potent endothelial protective effect against Hcy and the underlying molecular mechanisms were involved in the suppression of intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction by activation of AKT/MAPKs, SIRT1/NRF2/HO-1 and NNMT/MNA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yan Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Wen-Ting Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wai-Rong Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Xiao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kai-Yu Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yi Tang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Cong P, Huang G, Zhao Y, Lan Y. Hydroxysafflor yellow A mitigates myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol and angiotensin II. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8588-8598. [PMID: 36628216 PMCID: PMC9827317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol (ISO) and angiotensin II (Ang II) and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Mice were injected subcutaneously with ISO and given HSYA by gavage in vivo. Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to evaluate the expression and localization of collagen and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. In vitro, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with various doses of HSYA and induced with Ang II. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using wound healing assay. Cell counting kit-8 was used to measure the cell viability. Collagen I, collagen III, phosphorylation of Smad2/3, Smad2/3, TGFβ1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins were detected by Western blotting. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. RESULTS HSYA significantly inhibited ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis, NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as IL-18 and IL-1β expressions in mice. HSYA significantly reduced the proliferation and migration of CFs, and suppressed the accumulation of collagen I and collagen III. TGFβ1 and P-Smad2/3 induced by Ang II was repressed by HSYA. HSYA downregulated IL-1β and IL-18, blocked NLRP3 activation, and reduced ROS in CFs. CONCLUSION HSYA may inhibit myocardial fibrosis by blocking NLRP3 pathway in CFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Cong
- Intensive Care Unit, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 1500036, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 1500036, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 1500036, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuhuai Lan
- Intensive Care Unit, Heilongjiang Provincial HospitalHarbin 1500036, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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Targeting Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction Using Tanshinone IIA for the Treatment of Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2811789. [PMID: 35432718 PMCID: PMC9010204 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2811789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen), a member of the Lamiaceae family, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for many centuries as a valuable medicinal herb with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic potential. Several evidence-based reports have suggested that Salvia miltiorrhiza and its components prevent vascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis. Tanshinone IIA (TanIIA), a lipophilic component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has gained attention because of its possible preventive and curative activity against cardiovascular disorders. TanIIA, which possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties, could be a key component in the therapeutic potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Vascular diseases are often initiated by endothelial dysfunction, which is accompanied by vascular inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize how TanIIA suppresses tissue inflammation and fibrosis through signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR/eNOS, TGF-β1/Smad2/3, NF-κB, JNK/SAPK (stress-activated protein kinase)/MAPK, and ERK/Nrf2 pathways. In brief, this review illustrates the therapeutic value of TanIIA in the alleviation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, which are critical components of cardiovascular disorders.
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Research Progress on Natural Products’ Therapeutic Effects on Atrial Fibrillation by Regulating Ion Channels. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:4559809. [PMID: 35387267 PMCID: PMC8964196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4559809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) have a therapeutic effect on atrial fibrillation (AF) by regulating the function of ion channels. However, several adverse effects and high recurrence rates after drug withdrawal seriously affect patients’ medication compliance and clinical prognosis. Thus, safer and more effective drugs are urgently needed. Active components extracted from natural products are potential choices for AF therapy. Natural products like Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, Sophora flavescens Ait., Stephania tetrandra S. Moore., Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi var. thomsonii (Benth.) Vaniot der Maesen., and Coptis chinensis Franch. have a long history in the treatment of arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure in China. Based on the classification of chemical structures, this article discussed the natural product components’ therapeutic effects on atrial fibrillation by regulating ion channels, connexins, and expression of related genes, in order to provide a reference for development of therapeutic drugs for atrial fibrillation.
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Estolano-Cobián A, Alonso MM, Díaz-Rubio L, Ponce CN, Córdova-Guerrero I, Marrero JG. Tanshinones and their Derivatives: Heterocyclic Ring-Fused Diterpenes of Biological Interest. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:171-185. [PMID: 32348220 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200429103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The available scientific literature regarding tanshinones is very abundant, and after its review, it is noticeable that most of the articles focus on the properties of tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate and the dried root extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Tan- Shen). However, although these products have demonstrated important biological properties in both in vitro and in vivo models, their poor solubility and bioavailability have limited their clinical applications. For these reasons, many studies have focused on the search for new pharmaceutical formulations for tanshinones, as well as the synthesis of new derivatives that improve their biological properties. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2015) on tanshinones in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we offer an update on the last five years of new research on these quinones, focusing on their synthesis, biological activity on noncommunicable diseases and drug delivery systems, to support future research on its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Estolano-Cobián
- Facultad de Ciencias Quiımicas e Ing, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Clz. Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, B. C. CP 22390, Mexico
| | - Mariana Macías Alonso
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Laura Díaz-Rubio
- Facultad de Ciencias Quiımicas e Ing, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Clz. Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, B. C. CP 22390, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Naredo Ponce
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Iván Córdova-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Quiımicas e Ing, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Clz. Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, B. C. CP 22390, Mexico
| | - Joaquín G Marrero
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana, No. 200, Col. Fracc, Industrial Puerto Interior, C.P. 36275 Silao de la Victoria, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Hu J, Zhang JJ, Li L, Wang SL, Yang HT, Fan XW, Zhang LM, Hu GL, Fu HX, Song WF, Yan LJ, Liu JJ, Wu JT, Kong B. PU.1 inhibition attenuates atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation vulnerability induced by angiotensin-II by reducing TGF-β1/Smads pathway activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6746-6759. [PMID: 34132026 PMCID: PMC8278085 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis serves a critical role in driving atrial remodelling‐mediated atrial fibrillation (AF). Abnormal levels of the transcription factor PU.1, a key regulator of fibrosis, are associated with cardiac injury and dysfunction following acute viral myocarditis. However, the role of PU.1 in atrial fibrosis and vulnerability to AF remain unclear. Here, an in vivo atrial fibrosis model was developed by the continuous infusion of C57 mice with subcutaneous Ang‐II, while the in vitro model comprised atrial fibroblasts that were isolated and cultured. The expression of PU.1 was significantly up‐regulated in the Ang‐II‐induced group compared with the sham/control group in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, protein expression along the TGF‐β1/Smads pathway and the proliferation and differentiation of atrial fibroblasts induced by Ang‐II were significantly higher in the Ang‐II‐induced group than in the sham/control group. These effects were attenuated by exposure to DB1976, a PU.1 inhibitor, both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, in vitro treatment with small interfering RNA against Smad3 (key protein of TGF‐β1/Smads signalling pathway) diminished these Ang‐II‐mediated effects, and the si‐Smad3‐mediated effects were, in turn, antagonized by the addition of a PU.1‐overexpression adenoviral vector. Finally, PU.1 inhibition reduced the atrial fibrosis induced by Ang‐II and attenuated vulnerability to AF, at least in part through the TGF‐β1/Smads pathway. Overall, the study implicates PU.1 as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit Ang‐II‐induced atrial fibrosis and vulnerability to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Qitai Farm Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shan-Ling Wang
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xian-Wei Fan
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei-Ming Zhang
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guang-Ling Hu
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Xia Fu
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Song
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Jie Yan
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-Tao Wu
- Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China
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Tanshinones induce tumor cell apoptosis via directly targeting FHIT. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12217. [PMID: 34108553 PMCID: PMC8190080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The liposoluble tanshinones are bioactive components in Salvia miltiorrhiza and are widely investigated as anti-cancer agents, while the molecular mechanism is to be clarified. In the present study, we identified that the human fragile histidine triad (FHIT) protein is a direct binding protein of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a water-soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA (TSA), with a Kd value of 268.4 ± 42.59 nM. We also found that STS inhibited the diadenosine triphosphate (Ap3A) hydrolase activity of FHIT through competing for the substrate-binding site with an IC50 value of 2.2 ± 0.05 µM. Notably, near 100 times lower binding affinities were determined between STS and other HIT proteins, including GALT, DCPS, and phosphodiesterase ENPP1, while no direct binding was detected with HINT1. Moreover, TSA, Tanshinone I (TanI), and Cryptotanshinone (CST) exhibited similar inhibitory activity as STS. Finally, we demonstrated that depletion of FHIT significantly blocked TSA's pro-apoptotic function in colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Taken together, our study sheds new light on the molecular basis of the anti-cancer effects of the tanshinone compounds.
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Chen R, Chen W, Huang X, Rui Q. Tanshinone IIA attenuates heart failure via inhibiting oxidative stress in myocardial infarction rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:404. [PMID: 33786621 PMCID: PMC8025468 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether tanshinone IIA (TIIA) could treat cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in heart failure (HF) by inhibiting oxidative stress. An HF model was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery to cause ischemia myocardial infarction (MI) in Sprague‑Dawley rats. Cardiac fibrosis was evaluated using Masson's staining, and the levels of collagen I, collagen III, TGF‑β, α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP9 were determined using PCR or western blotting. TIIA treatment reversed the decreases of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, fractional shortening (FS), LV systolic pressure and the maximum of the first differentiation of LV pressure (LV ± dp/dtmax), the increases of LV volume in systole, LV volume in diastole, LV end‑systolic diameter and LV end‑diastolic diameter in MI rats. TIIA administration also reversed the increases of expression levels of collagen I, collagen III, TGF‑β, α‑SMA, MMP2 and MMP9 in the heart of MI rats and in angiotensin (Ang) II‑treated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). TIIA reversed the decreases of superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde and the increases of superoxide anions and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity in both MI rats and Ang II‑treated CFs. Nox4 overexpression inhibited the effects of TIIA of improving cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in MI rats and Ang II‑treated CFs. These results demonstrated that TIIA improved cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis via inhibiting oxidative stress in HF rats. Nox4 could regulate the inhibitory effects of TIIA on HF and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Chen
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Rui
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Feng J, Liu L, Yao F, Zhou D, He Y, Wang J. The protective effect of tanshinone IIa on endothelial cells: a generalist among clinical therapeutics. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:239-248. [PMID: 33463381 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1878877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tanshinone IIa (TSA) has been approved to treat cardiovascular diseases by the China State Food and Drug Administration. TSA has exhibited a variety of pharmacological effects, including vasodilator, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Endothelial cells play an important physiological role in vascular homeostasis and control inflammation, coagulation, and thrombosis. Accumulating studies have shown that TSA can improve endothelial function through various pathways. AREAS COVERED The PubMed database was reviewed for relevant papers published up to 2020. This review summarizes the current clinical and pharmaceutical studies to provide a systemic overview of the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of TSA on endothelial cells. EXPERT OPINION TSA is a representative monomeric compound extracted from Danshen and it exhibits significant pharmacological and therapeutic properties to improve endothelial cell function, including alleviating oxidative stress, attenuating inflammatory injury, modulating ion channels and so on. TSA represents a spectrum of agents that are extracted from plants and can restore the endothelial function to establish the beneficial and harmless molecular therapeutics. This also suggests the possible detection of endothelial cells for very early diagnosis of diseases. In future, precise therapeutic methods will be developed to repair endothelial cells injury and recover endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang Yao
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daixing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junshuai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Zhou Y, Xie Y, Li T, Zhang P, Chen T, Fan Z, Tan X. P21‑activated kinase 1 mediates angiotensin II‑induced differentiation of human atrial fibroblasts via the JNK/c‑Jun pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:207. [PMID: 33495806 PMCID: PMC7830933 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiological condition involved in numerous types of cardiovascular disease. The renin‑angiotensin system, particularly angiotensin II (AngII), serves an important role in cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. Furthermore, p21‑activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, which is abundantly expressed in all regions of the heart. However, the role of PAK1 in AngII‑mediated activation of cardiac fibroblasts remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of PAK1 in cardiac fibroblasts and its underlying mechanisms. Human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were cultured and treated with PAK1 inhibitor IPA‑3 or transduced with PAK1 short hairpin (sh)RNA by lentiviral particles to silence PAK1 expression levels. Subsequently, the cell proliferation and migration abilities of the HCFs were determined. Western blot analysis was used to detect the phosphorylation status of Janus kinase (JNK) and c‑Jun. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay showed that PAK1 inhibition following treatment of HCFs with 5 µM IPA‑3 or PAK1‑shRNA, significantly attenuated AngII‑induced proliferation of fibroblasts. In addition, wound healing and Transwell migration assays demonstrated that inhibition of PAK1 significantly inhibited AngII‑induced cell migration. Finally, decreased PAK1 expression levels downregulated AngII‑mediated upregulation of α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), collagen I, phosphorylated (p)‑JNK and p‑c‑Jun, a downstream molecule of JNK signaling. These findings indicate that PAK1 contributes to AngII‑induced proliferation, migration and transdifferentiation of HCFs via the JNK/c‑Jun pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Tangting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongcai Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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13
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Zhu Z, Li Q, Xu C, Zhao J, Li S, Wang Y, Tian L. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats via activation of the Nrf2 and thioredoxin system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103461. [PMID: 32738294 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is characterized by pulmonary fibrosis due to long-term inhalation of silica particles. Although the cause of this serious disease is known, its pathogenesis remains unclear and there are currently no specific treatments. Recent studies have shown that the anti-oxidant transcription factor Nrf2 is expressed at reduced levels in fibrotic foci, which may be related to disease progression. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this might occur have yet to be elucidated. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza, is used in traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coronary heart disease. STS has been shown to play a strong anti-oxidative role in various organs. Here, we employed a rat model to explore the effects of STS on oxidative stress and the progression of fibrosis in silicosis. STS significantly reduced collagen deposition in the lungs, thereby antagonising silicosis. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining showed that Nrf2 was differentially expressed in lung cells during silica induced fibrosis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing experiments demonstrated that Nrf2 promoted the expression of the antioxidant proteins thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Our results suggest that the anti-fibrotic effects of STS may be related to upregulation of Nrf2 nuclear expression, especially in fibrotic lesions, and the promotion of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase expression. Our findings may open up new avenues for the development of STS as a treatment for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Siling Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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14
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Pharmacological basis of tanshinone and new insights into tanshinone as a multitarget natural product for multifaceted diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110599. [PMID: 33236719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development has long included the systematic exploration of various resources. Among these, natural products are one of the most important resources from which novel agents are developed due to the multiple pharmacologic effects of these natural products on diseases. Tanshinone, a representative natural product, is the main compound extracted from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Research on tanshinone began in the early 1930s. With the in-depth investigation of an increasing number of identified analogs, tanshinone has demonstrated a wide variety of bioactivities and contradicted the saying, 'You can't teach an old dog new tricks'. This review is focused on the pharmacological action of tanshinone and status of research on tanshinone in recent years. The mechanism of tanshinone has also drawn much attention, with the findings of representative targets and pathways of tanshinone. The most recent studies have comprehensively shown that tanshinone can be used to treat leukemia and solid carcinoma, protect against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and alleviate liver- and kidney-related diseases, among its other effects. Multiple signaling pathways, including antiproliferative, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress pathways, are involved in its actions.
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15
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Zhou D, Yang WK, Zhang YF, Xie JH, Ma L, Yang HD, Li Y, Xie P. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate prevents radiation-induced damage in primary rat cardiac fibroblasts. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:436-445. [PMID: 32503735 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of X-ray irradiation on primary rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and its potential mechanism, as well as whether sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) has protective effect on CFs and its possible mechanism. Our data demonstrated that X-rays inhibited cell growth and increased oxidative stress in CFs, and STS mitigated X-ray-induced injury. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay showed that X-rays increased the levels of secreted angiotensin II (Ang II) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). STS inhibited the X-ray-induced increases in Ang II and BNP release. Apoptosis and cell cycle of CFs were analyzed using flow cytometry. X-rays induced apoptosis in CFs, whereas STS inhibited apoptosis in CFs after X-ray irradiation. X-rays induced S-phase cell cycle arrest in CFs, which could be reversed by STS. X-rays increased the expression of phosphorylated-P38/P38, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-3 as well as decreased the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2)/ERK 1/2 and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX) in CFs, as shown by Western blotting. STS mitigated the X-ray radiation-induced expression changes of these proteins. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that STS may potentially be developed as a medical countermeasure to mitigate radiation-induced cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-Ke Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jin-Hui Xie
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China; Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | | | - Yi Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Upregulation of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Type 3 Channel via AT1R/TGF- β1/Smad2/3 Induces Atrial Fibrosis in Aging and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4025496. [PMID: 31871548 PMCID: PMC6906806 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4025496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast proliferation and migration are central in atrial fibrillation (AF) promoting structure remodeling, which is strongly associated with aging and hypertension. Transient receptor potential canonical-3 channel (TRPC3) is a key mediator of cardiac fibrosis and the pathogenesis of AF. Here, we have observed the increased TRPC3 expression that induced atrial fibrosis which possibly is either mediated by the aging process or related to hypertensive progression. In this study, we measured the pathological structure remodeling by H&E staining, Masson staining, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The protein expression levels of fibrotic biomarkers and TRPC3 were measured by Western blotting with atrial tissues from normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY 4m-o (4 months old)), old WKY (WKY 24m-o (24 months old)), spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR 4m-o (4 months old)), and old SHR (SHR 24m-o (24 months old)). To illuminate the molecular mechanism of TRPC3 in atrial fibrosis of aging rats and SHR, we detected the inhibited role of TRPC3 selective blocker ethyl-1-(4-(2,3,3-trichloroacrylamide) phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate,pyrazole-3 (Pyr3) on angiotensin II (Ang II) induced fibrosis in neonatal rat atrial fibroblasts. The pathological examination showed that the extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen fibrils were markedly increased in atrial tissues from aged and hypertensive rats. The protein expressions of fibrotic biomarkers (collagen I, collagen III, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)) were significantly upregulated in atrial tissues from the WKY 24m-o group, SHR 4m-o group, and SHR 24m-o group compared with the WKY 4m-o group. Meanwhile, the expression level of TRPC3 was significantly upregulated in WKY 24m-o and SHR 4m-o atrial tissues compared to WKY 4m-o rats. In isolated and cultured neonatal rat atrial fibroblasts, Ang II induced the atrial fibroblast migration and proliferation and upregulated the expression levels of TRPC3 and fibrotic biomarkers. TRPC3 selected blocker Pyr3 attenuated the migration and proliferation in neonatal rat atrial fibroblasts. Furthermore, Pyr3 significantly alleviated Ang II-induced upregulation of TRPC3, collagen I, collagen III, and TGF-β1 through the molecular mechanism of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Similarly, knocking down TRPC3 using short hairpin RNA (shTRPC3) also attenuated Ang II-induced upregulation of TGF-β1. Pyr3 preconditioning decreased Ang II-induced intracellular Ca2+ transient amplitude elevation. Furthermore, AT1 receptor was involved in Ang II-induced TRPC3 upregulation. Hence, upregulation of TRPC3 in aging and hypertension is involved in an atrial fibrosis process. Inhibition of TRPC3 contributes to reverse Ang II-induced fibrosis. TRPC3 may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing fibrosis in aging and hypertension.
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17
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Kostyunin AE, Ovcharenko EA, Barbarash OL. [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a potential target for therapy in patients with calcific aortic stenosis: a literature review]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:4-17. [PMID: 31884936 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.n328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a serious socio-economic problem in developed countries because this disease is the most common indication for aortic valve replacement. Currently, there are no methods for non-invasive treatment of CAVS. Nevertheless, it is assumed that effective drug therapy for CAVS can be developed on the basis of modulators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The purpose of this paper is to compile and analyze current information on the role of RAAS in the CAVS pathophysiology. Recent data on the effectiveness of RAAS inhibition are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Kostyunin
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - E A Ovcharenko
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - O L Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
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18
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Ren J, Fu L, Nile SH, Zhang J, Kai G. Salvia miltiorrhiza in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review on Its Pharmacological and Clinical Applications. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:753. [PMID: 31338034 PMCID: PMC6626924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive chemical constitutes from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza classified in two major groups, viz., liposoluble tanshinones and water-soluble phenolics. Tanshinone IIA is a major lipid-soluble compound having promising health benefits. The in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the tanshinone IIA and salvianolate have a wide range of cardiovascular and other pharmacological effects, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial protective, myocardial protective, anticoagulation, vasodilation, and anti-atherosclerosis, as well as significantly help to reduce proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, some of the clinical studies reported that the S. miltiorrhiza preparations in combination with Western medicine were more effective for treatment of various cardiovascular diseases including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and pulmonary heart diseases. In this review, we demonstrated the potential applications of S. miltiorrhiza, including pharmacological effects of salvianolate, tanshinone IIA, and its water-soluble derivative, like sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Moreover, we also provided details about the clinical applications of S. miltiorrhiza preparations in controlling the cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Fu
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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