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N'guessan BB, Twumasi-Ankrah JS, Amponsah SK, Adams I, Poakwah AKK, Brown C, Adinortey MB, Sarkodie JA, Adi-Dako O, Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Appiah-Opong R. Effect of Metaswitch® dietary supplement on anthropometric parameters, serum lipids, glucose level, oxidative stress and in vivo antioxidant properties in high fat diet-induced overweight Sprague Dawley rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112892. [PMID: 35358796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity and overweight are metabolic disorders associated with oxidative stress, and risk factors for many chronic diseases. We sought to investigate the effects of Metaswitch dietary supplement on weight gain and associated acute metabolic alterations in a high-fat diet-induced overweight rat model. METHODS Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were put into 6 groups. Control groups were fed normal (NCD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Treatment groups on HFD receieved 3 different daily doses of Metaswitch for 3 weeks. Another group on HFD received Slimrite® (phenylpropanolamine), a standard drug. Rats on HFD also received cyproheptadine to stimulate appetite. Food consumption and anthropometric parameters were determined weekly. Serum lipids, glucose level, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity were used to assess overweight in rats. RESULTS Food intake remained relatively constant among groups. Rats on HFD had significantly increased body weight compared to rats fed NCD. Metaswitch significantly prevented weight gain; this effect was greater or similar to rats administered Slimrite, but was not dose-dependant. No significant changes occurred in the levels of serum lipids and glucose among the groups. However, serum triglyceride (TG) was significantly increased. The TG/HDL-C ratio revealed significant metabolic alterations which was prevented by Metaswitch. Catalase activity was significantly decreased in the HFD untreated group but was restored in Metaswitch-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS A 3-week HFD regimen with cyproheptadine supplementation in female SD rats resulted in a significant increase in body weight and acute metabolic alterations. The aforementioned changes were found to have been prevented with the administration of Metaswitch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Banga N'guessan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Jessica Sarpongmaa Twumasi-Ankrah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Kwabena Amponsah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ismaila Adams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Albert Kyei-Kankam Poakwah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Charles Brown
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | | | - Joseph Adusei Sarkodie
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ofosua Adi-Dako
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Isaac Julius Asiedu-Gyekye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 43 Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana
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In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Xylopic Acid on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:4524877. [PMID: 35098133 PMCID: PMC8799360 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4524877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Xylopic acid (XA), the major constituent of the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica, has shown several pharmacological properties. Traditionally, the plant is used to treat several diseases and is being used in the preparation of several local foods despite the lack of information about its safety, food-drug interaction, and other pharmacokinetic properties. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of XA on rat liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in vivo and in vitro. Methods Inhibition or induction of some isoforms of CYP450 enzymes: CYP 1A1/1A2, 1A2, 2B1/2B2, 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 were investigated using microsomal fractions of the liver obtained from rats pretreated with a low dose of xylopic acid (LDT) 30 mg/kg, high dose of xylopic acid (HDT) 100 mg/kg, phenobarbitone (PC) 80 mg/kg, and ketoconazole (NC) 100 mg/kg, and a no-treatment group received distilled water, with (n = 5) animals in each group. The in vitro inhibition of CYP 3A4 was assessed by treating rat liver microsomes with XA. Results Xylopic acid induced CYP 1A1/1A2, 1A2, 2D6, and 2C9, inhibited CYP 3A4, and had no effect on 2B1/2B2. Conclusion The findings would help mitigate toxicity and therapeutic failure especially in cases of coadministration of medications with food containing XA, with metabolism altered by the latter.
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Akingbade GT, Ijomone OM, Imam A, Aschner M, Ajao MS. D-Ribose-L-Cysteine Improves Glutathione Levels, Neuronal and Mitochondrial Ultrastructural Damage, Caspase-3 and GFAP Expressions Following Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1846-1858. [PMID: 34480735 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Repeated manganese (Mn) exposure may cause increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with a consequent imbalance in the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant defence system, resulting in cellular dysfunctions, and eventually cell death, particularly in the brain. D-ribose-L-cysteine (RibCys) has been demonstrated to effectively promote the synthesis of glutathione, a potent neutralizer of ROS. In the present study, we examined the effects of RibCys on glutathione levels, apoptotic and astrocytic responses, neuronal ultrastructural integrity, following Mn exposure. Wild-type rats were exposed to either saline, Mn, or/and RibCys for 2 weeks. The Mn-exposed rats received RibCys either as pre-, co-, or post-treatments. Mn caused a marked decrease in GSH levels, overexpression of GFAP and caspase-3, reflecting astrocytosis and apoptosis, and altered ultrastructural integrities of the neuronal nuclei, mitochondria, and myelin sheath of the striatum and motor cortex respectively, while all interventions with RibCys minimized and prevented the neurotoxic events. Our study demonstrates that RibCys effectively attenuates the neurotoxic effects of Mn and may be useful as a therapeutic strategy against neurological consequences of Mn overexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace T Akingbade
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aminu Imam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Moyosore S Ajao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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N'guessan BB, Asiamah AD, Arthur NK, Frimpong-Manso S, Amoateng P, Amponsah SK, Kukuia KE, Sarkodie JA, Opuni KFM, Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Appiah-Opong R. Ethanolic extract of Nymphaea lotus L. (Nymphaeaceae) leaves exhibits in vitro antioxidant, in vivo anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities on Jurkat and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:22. [PMID: 33413340 PMCID: PMC7791887 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nymphaea lotus L. (N. lotus) is an aquatic plant with anecdotal reports suggesting its use in the traditional management of cancer. However, there is a paucity of data on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of N. lotus in relation to its phytochemical and elemental contents. This study aimed at determining the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties of the hydro-ethanolic extract of N. lotus leaves (NLE), and its phenolic, flavonoid and elemental constituents. METHODS The antioxidant property of NLE was determined using total phenolic and flavonoid, DPPH radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and reducing power assays. The anti-inflammatory activity of NLE (100-250-500 mg/kg), diclofenac and hydrocortisone (positive controls) were determined by paw oedema and skin prick tests in Sprague Dawley rats. Also, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined by Westergren method. The macro/micro-elements content was determined by the XRF method. The cytotoxic property of NLE was determined by the MTT assay, on two cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and Jurkat) and compared to a normal cell line (Chang liver). Inhibitory concentrations were determined as IC50 values (±SEM). RESULTS The extract had appreciable levels of phenolic and flavonoids compounds and was two-fold more potent in scavenging DPPH radicals than Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). However, NLE was three- and six-fold less potent than ascorbic acid and BHT, respectively, in reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+. The extract was six-fold more potent than gallic acid in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. The extract caused a dose-dependent decrease in rat paw oedema sizes, comparable to diclofenac, and a significant decrease in wheel diameters and ESR. The elemental analysis revealed relevant concentrations of Mg2+, P2+, S2+, K2+, Mn+, Fe+, Cu+, Zn+ and Cd+. The extract exhibited cytotoxic activity on both MCF-7 (IC50 = 155.00 μg/ml) and Jurkat (IC50 = 87.29 μg/ml), with higher selectivity for Jurkat cell line. Interestingly, the extract showed low cytotoxicity to the normal Chang liver cell line (IC50 = 204.20 μg/ml). CONCLUSION N. lotus leaves extract exhibited high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cancer-cell-specific cytotoxic properties. These aforementioned activities could be attributed to its phenolic, flavonoid and elemental constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Banga N'guessan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Adwoa Dede Asiamah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nana Kwame Arthur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Frimpong-Manso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patrick Amoateng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth Kwabena Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Edem Kukuia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Adusei Sarkodie
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwabena Frimpong-Manso Opuni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Julius Asiedu-Gyekye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Emokpae O, Ben-Azu B, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S. D-ribose-L-cysteine enhances memory task, attenuates oxidative stress and acetyl-cholinesterase activity in scopolamine amnesic mice. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:620-627. [PMID: 32219881 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
d-Ribose-l-cysteine (DRLC) is an analogue of cysteine that has been shown to boost cellular antioxidant capacity by enhancing intracellular biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Deficiency of GSH has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with loss of memory. Thus, the use of antioxidants to prevent or retard the progression of memory deteriorations in persons with AD has been the focus of intense investigations. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of DRLC on memory and scopolamine-induced amnesia, acetyl-cholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress in mice. Male Swiss mice were given oral administration of saline (10 ml/kg), DRLC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or donepezil (1 mg/kg) 30 min before testing for memory performance using Y-maze and object recognition models. Another set of mice were also pretreated orally with saline, DRLC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or donepezil (1 mg/kg) but in combination with scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 7 days. Thirty minutes after treatment on Day 7, memory function was then evaluated. The brain levels of acetyl-cholinesterase and oxidative stress parameters were assayed. DRLC significantly (p < .05) enhanced memory performance and attenuated scopolamine-induced amnesia. Increased acetyl-cholinesterase activity and oxidative stress, as shown by decreased antioxidant substrates (glutathione and catalase) and elevated malondialdehyde contents in mice with scopolamine amnesia were also attenuated by DRLC. Our findings suggest that inhibition of oxidative stress and acetyl-cholinesterase activity might contribute to the potential benefit of DRLC in persons with amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osagie Emokpae
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, River States, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Amponsah SK, N'guessan BB, Akandawen M, Aning A, Agboli SY, Danso EA, Opuni KFM, Asiedu-Gyekye IJ, Appiah-Opong R. Effect of Cellgevity® Supplement on Selected Rat Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Carbamazepine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7956493. [PMID: 32714422 PMCID: PMC7354648 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7956493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence that many patients concurrently administer dietary supplements with conventional drugs, creating a risk for potential drug-supplement interaction. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Cellgevity® supplement on selected rat liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Also, based on our previous finding, we sought to determine the effect of Cellgevity® on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, a CYP3A4 substrate. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly put into 5 groups and administered either distilled water (negative control), Cellgevity® (3 separate doses), or phenobarbital (positive control), per os. Modulation of liver CYP enzyme activity was evaluated after 30 days of treatment, using probe substrates, spectroscopic, and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. In the pharmacokinetic study, 12 SD rats were put into 2 groups and administered carbamazepine plus normal saline (group 1) or carbamazepine plus Cellgevity® (group 2), per os, both over a period of 14 days. Blood samples from rats in the same group were collected after treatment. Serum samples were prepared and pooled together at each specific sampling time point. Levels of carbamazepine were determined using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. RESULTS Activities of rat liver CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 were significantly increased by Cellgevity® after 30-day treatment. Pharmacokinetic parameters for rats administered carbamazepine with Cellgevity® vis-a-vis carbamazepine with normal saline were as follows: C max; 20 μmol/L vs 11 μmol/L, AUC0⟶24; 347 μmol h/L vs 170 μmol h/L, K e; 0.28 h-1 vs 0.41 h-1, and t 1/2; 2.3 h vs 1.7 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cellgevity® increased the activity of rat CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 enzymes and was found to alter the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Kwabena Amponsah
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benoit Banga N'guessan
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Martin Akandawen
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Abigail Aning
- 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sedem Yawa Agboli
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Eunice Ampem Danso
- 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwabena Frimpong-Manso Opuni
- 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Julius Asiedu-Gyekye
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Regina Appiah-Opong
- 2Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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