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Andavar M, Kamaraj R, Vijayakumar TM, Murugesan A. Therapeutic potential of acarbose in ameliorating the metabolic and endocrinological complications of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a review. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:1123-1135. [PMID: 38771729 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2358237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a perplexed condition addressing endocrinal, cardiometabolic and gynaecological issues. It affects women of adolescent age and is drastically increasing in the Indo-Asian ethnicity over the recent years. According to Rotterdam criteria, PCOS is characterized by clinical or biochemical excess androgen and polycystic ovarian morphology; however, it has been established in the recent years that PCOS exacerbates to further serious metabolic conditions on the long term. This is a narrative literature review and not systematic review and is based on PubMed searches with relevant keywords "Polycystic ovarian syndrome AND acarbose OR metformin OR myoinositol; PCOS AND metabolic syndrome OR cardiovascular disease OR menstrual irregularity OR infertility OR chronic anovulation OR clinical hyperandrogenism" used in the title and are limited to articles published in English language with no time limits. A prominent aspect of PCOS is hyperandrogenaemia and hyperinsulinemia. About 50-70% of afflicted women have compensatory hyperinsulinemia and close to one tierce suffer from anovulation and infertility. Insulin resistance leads to metabolic complications and works with luteinizing hormone in increasing the ovarian androgen production. This excess androgen leads to clinical manifestations, irregular menstrual cycles and infertility. There isn't an entire cure, only the symptomatic clinical factors are considered rather than focusing on the underlying long-term complications. Therefore, the article focuses on a potent alpha glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose which suppresses the post meal glucose and insulin by delaying the absorption of complex carbs. It exhibits cardio-metabolic and hormonal benefits and is well tolerable in the south asian population. This review highlights the safety, effectiveness of acarbose in ameliorating the long-term complications of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Andavar
- SRM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raju Kamaraj
- SRM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thangavel Mahalingam Vijayakumar
- SRM College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Anuradha Murugesan
- SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
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2
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Babu A, Devi Rajeswari V, Ganesh V, Das S, Dhanasekaran S, Usha Rani G, Ramanathan G. Gut Microbiome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Interplay of Associated Microbial-Metabolite Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1508-1520. [PMID: 38228976 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disease with an intricate etiology affecting reproductive-aged women. Despite attempts to unravel the pathophysiology, the molecular mechanism of PCOS remains unknown. There are no effective or suitable therapeutic strategies available to ameliorate PCOS; however, the symptoms can be managed. In recent years, a strong association has been found between the gut microbiome and PCOS, leading to the formulation of novel ideas on the genesis and pathological processes of PCOS. Further, gut microbiome dysbiosis involving microbial metabolites may trigger PCOS symptoms via many mechanistic pathways including those associated with carbohydrates, short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, bile acids, and gut-brain axis. We present the mechanistic pathways of PCOS-related microbial metabolites and therapeutic opportunities available to treat PCOS, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy. In addition, the current review highlights the emerging treatment strategies available to alleviate the symptoms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsha Babu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Ganesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sivaraman Dhanasekaran
- Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Raisan Village, PDPU Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - G Usha Rani
- Department of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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3
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S NLC, S N. Analysis of risk factors in diabetics resulted from polycystic ovary syndrome in women by EDA analysis and machine learning techniques. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024; 27:77-97. [PMID: 37664890 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2252957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
This study discusses the relationship between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes in women, which has become increasingly prevalent due to changing lifestyles and environmental factors. The characteristic that distinguishes women with PCOS is hyperandrogenism which results from abnormal ovarian or adrenal function, which leads to the overproduction of androgens. Excessive androgens in women increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR). Nowadays, diabetes affects people of all ages and is linked to factors such as lifestyle, genetics, stress, and aging. Diabetes, the uncontrolled high blood sugar level can potentially harm kidneys, nerves, eyes, and other organs and there is no cure, making it a concerning disease in developing nations. This research tried to submit the evidence through feature-wise correlation analyses between PCOS and diabetes. Hence, this model utilized the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and the Elbow clustering algorithms for the experimental purpose in which the EDA deeply analyzed the features of PCOS and diabetes and recorded a positive correlation of 95%. The Elbow clustering technique is employed for verifying the correlations identified through EDA. Although limited research exists on this specific disease, this work provides potential evidence for the research community by evaluating the clustering results using Silhouette Score, Calinski-Harabasz Index, and Davies-Bouldin Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Lima Christy S
- Full-Time Research Scholar, K.S.R College of Engineering, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nithyakalyani S
- Professor/Information Technology, K.S.R College of Engineering, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
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Xu Y, Cao Z, Chen T, Ren J. Trends in metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: a bibliometric analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1245719. [PMID: 37701893 PMCID: PMC10494444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1245719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common chronic disease and causes reproductive disorders in women of childbearing age worldwide. The cause of metabolic dysfunction in PCOS is unknown, and there is a lack of systematic bibliometric analysis for this disease. This study included 3,972 articles on metabolic dysfunction in PCOS published from 2012 to 2021. We applied the VOSviewer and the CiteSpace scientometric analysis software to analyze the data regarding the publication of the articles, countries, authors, institutions, scientific categories, cited journals, and keywords. Through this analysis, we determined the research efforts and their developing trends and anticipated the progress in understanding PCOS-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiqun Cao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Ren
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhou YY, Wu YQ, Chong CJ, Zhong SM, Wang ZX, Qin XH, Liu ZQ, Liu JY, Song JL. Irpex lacteus polysaccharide exhibits therapeutic potential for ovarian fibrosis in PCOS rats via the TGF- β1/smad pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18741. [PMID: 37554783 PMCID: PMC10405015 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the commonest endocrinopathies in childbearing women. The research was conducted to assess the impact of Irpex lacteus polysaccharide (ILP, 1000 mg/kg) on the letrozole (1 mg/kg)-induced PCOS model in female rats. Metformin (Met, 265 mg/kg) as the positive control. The study suggested that ILP restored the estrous cycle in rats with PCOS as well as lowered relative ovarian weight and body weight, in comparison to normal. Rats with PCOS showed improvement in ovarian structure and fibrosis when given ILP. ILP decreased the testosterone (T), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), luteinizing hormone (LH), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and insulin (INS) levels and elevated the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen (E2) levels in PCOS rats. In addition, ILP increased the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum and the antioxidant enzymes (Prdx3, Sod1, Gsr, Gsta4, Mgst1, Gpx3, Sod2 and Cat) expression levels in the ovaries and decreased the serum expression of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, ILP treatment slowed down the process of the fibrosis-associated TGF-β1/Smad pathway and downregulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) levels in PCOS rats ovaries. According to these findings, ILP may be able to treat letrozole-induced PCOS in rats by ameliorating metabolic disturbances, sex hormone levels, oxidative stress, and ovarian fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Ya-Qi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Chao-Jie Chong
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Shu-Mei Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Zi-Xian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Jun-Yang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Hospital Affiliated to Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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Babu A, Ramanathan G. Multi-omics insights and therapeutic implications in polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:130. [PMID: 37079114 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease that causes adverse effects in women in their reproductive phase. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Over the last decade, sequencing and omics approaches have advanced at an increased pace. Omics initiatives have come to the forefront of biomedical research by presenting the significance of biological functions and processes. Thus, multi-omics profiling has yielded important insights into understanding the biology of PCOS by identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Multi-omics platforms provide high-throughput data to leverage the molecular mechanisms and pathways involving genetic alteration, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, protein interaction, and metabolic alterations in PCOS. The purpose of this review is to outline the prospects of multi-omics technologies in PCOS research by revealing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Finally, we address the knowledge gaps and emerging treatment strategies for the management of PCOS. Future PCOS research in multi-omics at the single-cell level may enhance diagnostic and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsha Babu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Ye ZR, Yan CQ, Liao N, Wen SH. The Effectiveness and Safety of Exenatide Versus Metformin in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Reprod Sci 2023:10.1007/s43032-023-01222-y. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women of childbearing age, resulting in reproductive dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. While several drugs are currently approved for use in these patients, their relative effectiveness remains controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the reproductive efficacy and safety of exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, versus metformin, an insulin sensitizer, in the treatment of patients with PCOS. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, comprising 785 PCOS patients, of whom 385 received exenatide and 400 received metformin. Compared with metformin, exenatide was significantly more effective in treating these patients, as demonstrated by increased pregnancy rate (relative risk (RR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28 to 2.92, P = 0.002), greater ovulation rate (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.80, P = 0.004), decreased body mass index (mean difference = − 1.72 kg/m2, 95% CI − 2.27 to − 1.18, P = 0.00001), and improved insulin resistance (standard mean difference = − 0.62, 95% CI − 0.91 to − 0.33, P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events (gastrointestinal reactions, hypoglycemia, etc.) between the two therapies. However, given the moderate to high quality and possible bias of the included studies, the available evidence is inconclusive. More high-quality studies are needed to assess the effects of exenatide in order to provide stronger evidence for its use in this patient population.
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Corrie L, Awasthi A, Kaur J, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Kaur IP, Gupta G, Kommineni N, Dua K, Singh SK. Interplay of Gut Microbiota in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Role of Gut Microbiota, Mechanistic Pathways and Potential Treatment Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:197. [PMID: 37259345 PMCID: PMC9967581 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) comprises a set of symptoms that pose significant risk factors for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Effective and safe methods to treat all the pathological symptoms of PCOS are not available. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an essential role in PCOS incidence and progression. Many dietary plants, prebiotics, and probiotics have been reported to ameliorate PCOS. Gut microbiota shows its effects in PCOS via a number of mechanistic pathways including maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of lipid and blood glucose levels. The effect of gut microbiota on PCOS has been widely reported in animal models but there are only a few reports of human studies. Increasing the diversity of gut microbiota, and up-regulating PCOS ameliorating gut microbiota are some of the ways through which prebiotics, probiotics, and polyphenols work. We present a comprehensive review on polyphenols from natural origin, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy that may be used to treat PCOS by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600007, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Kamal Dua
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Fathy P, Cheraghi E, Miresmaeili SM. Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (rs1484215 and rs6495096) in CYP11A1 Gene in Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Reprod Infertil 2023; 24:18-25. [PMID: 36919047 PMCID: PMC10008136 DOI: 10.18502/jri.v24i1.11905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors are significantly have important role in the etiology of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study examined the possible relation of rs1484215 and rs6495096 polymorphisms of CYP11A1 gene in Iranian women with PCOS. Methods The population of the case-control research included 100 women presenting with PCOS and 100 women as a control group who were referred to Infertility Center in Qom, Iran. The genotypes of rs1484215 and rs6495096 polymorphisms in CYP11A1 gene were detected with the tetra-ARMS PCR method. The independent segregation of alleles was tested for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Differences in quantitative traits were assessed between each group with a single PCOS feature and control group using Mann-Whitney U test for categorical variables and student's t-test for continuous variables. Statistical analysis of allele and genotype frequencies between women with PCOS and control was performed using the chi-square test. Significance level was defined as p<0.05. Results There was a significant association of C with G alleles in rs6495096 polymorphism and susceptibility to PCOS (p=0.001), but no significant relation was found between C and T alleles in rs1484215 polymorphism and susceptibility to PCOS. Also, GG genotype of rs6495096 was significantly associated with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and infertility duration compared to CG and CC (p<0.01). However, rs1484215 showed no association with these variables. Conclusion The results from the research indicated that rs6495096 polymorphism of CYP11A1 gene is related to the PCOS risk in Iranians women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parry Fathy
- Department of Biology, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Cheraghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
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Rani S, Chandna P. Multiomics Analysis-Based Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:1-27. [PMID: 35084716 PMCID: PMC10010205 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an utmost communal endocrine, psychological, reproductive, and metabolic disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age with extensive range of clinical manifestations. This may even lead to long-term multiple morbidities including obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, infertility, cerebrovascular diseases, and ovarian and endometrial cancer. Women affliction from PCOS in midst assemblage of manifestations allied with menstrual dysfunction and androgen exorbitance, which considerably affects eminence of life. PCOS is recognized as a multifactorial disorder and systemic syndrome in first-degree family members; therefore, the etiology of PCOS syndrome has not been copiously interpreted. The disorder of PCOS comprehends numerous allied health conditions and has influenced various metabolic processes. Due to multifaceted pathophysiology engaging several pathways and proteins, single genetic diagnostic tests cannot be supportive to determine in straight way. Clarification of cellular and biochemical pathways and various genetic players underlying PCOS could upsurge our consideration of pathophysiology of this syndrome. It is requisite to know pathophysiological relationship between biomarker and their reflection towards PCOS disease. Biomarkers deliver vibrantly and potent ways to apprehend the spectrum of PCOS with applications in screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring. This paper relies on the endeavor to point out many candidates as potential biomarkers based on omics technologies, thus highlighting correlation between PCOS disease with innovative technologies. Therefore, the objective of existing review is to encapsulate more findings towards cutting-edge advances in prospective use of biomarkers for PCOS disease. Discussed biomarkers may be fruitful in guiding therapies, addressing disease risk, and predicting clinical outcomes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Rani
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi , 110021, India.
| | - Piyush Chandna
- Natdynamics Biosciences Confederation, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122001, India
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Ma X, Wang Z, Zhang C, Bian Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Cao Y, Zhao Y. Association of SNPs in the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP5) gene among Han Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:149. [PMID: 35787810 PMCID: PMC9254403 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in premenopausal women, whose etiology remains uncertain, although it is known to be highly heterogeneous and genetically complex. PCOS often presents with hyperandrogenism symptoms. The present study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in the FK-506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene (androgen target gene) are associated with an association for PCOS and hyperandrogenism. Methods This is a case–control study, and association analyses were conducted. A total of 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FKBP5 gene were evaluated in 775 PCOS patients who were diagnosed based on the Rotterdam Standard and 783 healthy Chinese Han women. Associations between FKBP5 SNPs and hormone levels were investigated. These 13 SNPs were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY system, and an association analysis between the phenotype and alleles and genotypes were conducted. Results The genotype frequencies for the rs1360780 and rs3800373 SNPs differed significantly between the PCOS cases and healthy controls (p = 0.025, OR is 1.63 (1.05–2.53) and p = 0.029, OR is 1.59 (1.03–2.45) respectively under co-dominant model). Moreover, the genotype frequencies and genetic model analysis for the SNPs rs1360780, rs9470080, rs9296158, rs1043805 and rs7757037 differed significantly between the hyperandrogenism and non-hyperandrogenism groups of PCOS patients. The TT genotype of rs1360780, the TT genotype of rs9470080, the TT genotype of rs1043805 or the GG genotype of rs7705037 (ORs are 2.13 (1.03–4.39), 1.81 (1.03–3.17), 2.94 (1.32–6.53) and 1.72 (1.04–2.84) respectively) were correlated with androgen level of PCOS patients. Conclusion Our study showed that FKBP5 gene polymorphisms are associated with PCOS generally (rs1360780 and rs3800373) and with the hyperandrogenism subtype specifically (rs1360780, rs9470080, rs9296158, rs1043805 and rs7757037).
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01301-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Changming Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehong Bian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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12
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Bongrani A, Plotton I, Mellouk N, Ramé C, Guerif F, Froment P, Dupont J. High androgen concentrations in follicular fluid of polycystic ovary syndrome women. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:88. [PMID: 35701786 PMCID: PMC9195430 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to current definitions of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), hyperandrogenism is considered as a key element in the pathogenesis of this common endocrinopathy. However, until now, studies about ovarian androgen profile in women are very rare. Our aim was then to characterise the expression profile of the androgens in follicular fluid of 30 PCOS patients, and compare it to those of 47 Control women and 29 women with only polycystic ovary morphology on ultrasounds (ECHO group). METHODS A retrospective, single-centre cohort study was performed. The intrafollicular concentrations of the key androgens were assessed and correlated with the intrafollicular levels of some adipokines of interest. Androgens were quantified by mass spectrophotometry combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, while adipokine concentrations were measured by ELISA assays. RESULTS In PCOS patients, the intrafollicular concentrations of the androgens synthesised by ovarian theca cells, i.e., 17OH-pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, Δ4-androstenedione and testosterone, were significantly higher than those of the androgens of adrenal origin, and positively correlated with the main PCOS clinical and biological features, as well as with the adipokines mostly expressed in the follicular fluid of PCOS patients, i.e. resistin, omentin, chemerin and apelin. Conversely, Control women showed the highest levels of 17OH-progesterone, deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol. Confirming these results, apelin levels were negatively associated with pregnenolone and deoxycorticosterone concentrations, while visfatin levels, which were higher in the Control group, negatively correlated with the Δ4-androstenedione and testosterone ones. CONCLUSIONS PCOS is characterised by a selective increase in the intrafollicular levels of the androgens synthesised by theca cells, strengthening the hypothesis that ovarian hyperandrogenism plays a central role in its pathogenesis. Further, the significant correlation between the intrafollicular concentrations of the androgens and most of the adipokines of interest, including apelin, chemerin, resistin and omentin, confirms the existence of a close relationship between these two hormonal systems, which appear deeply involved in ovarian physiology and PCOS physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bongrani
- UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Molecular Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Namya Mellouk
- UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
- UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Ile de France, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Guerif
- UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
- Reproductive Medicine and Biology Department, University Hospital of Tours, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- UMR 85 Physiology of Reproduction and Behaviour, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) Centre Val de Loire, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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13
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Xing C, Zhao H, Zhang J, He B. The Association of CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and SHBG Gene Polymorphisms in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:741285. [PMID: 35615684 PMCID: PMC9124751 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.741285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the relationship between CYP17A1/CYP19A1/SHBG gene polymorphisms and PCOS susceptibility. Methods: We searched multiple databases from inception to December 2020 and meta analysis was conducted to elucidate the relationship between gene polymorphisms and PCOS risk. Results: 26 studies were included, comprising 4860 PCOS and 4043 controls. CYP17A1 rs743572 polymorphisms were found to be negatively associated with PCOS risk under dominant model (p = 0.017, OR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.72–0.97, I2 = 74.80%, Pheterogeneity = 0.000) in the general population while neither CYP19A1 rs2414096 polymorphisms (p = 0.578, OR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.54–1.41, I2 = 95.90%, Pheterogeneity = 0.000) nor SHBG rs6529 polymorphisms (p = 0.752, OR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.94–1.05, I2 = 60.90%, Pheterogeneity = 0.012) was associated with PCOS susceptibility under dominant model in the general population. Conclusion: CYP17A1 rs7435721 polymorphisms might be protective factors against PCOS in general populations. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero, identifier CRD4202122640.
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14
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Xing C, Zhang J, Zhao H, He B. Effect of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanisms, Manifestations, Genetics, and Treatment. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:91-105. [PMID: 35140526 PMCID: PMC8818772 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s344542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases causing infertility in women of childbearing age. It is characterized by hyperandrogenemia (HA), chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM). Most women with PCOS have metabolic abnormalities. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), a transport carrier that binds estrogen and androgens and regulates their biological activity, is usually used as an indicator of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. Low serum SHBG levels are considered a biomarker of metabolic abnormalities and are associated with insulin resistance (IR), HA, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in PCOS patients. SHBG is also related to the long-term prognosis of PCOS, whereas SHBG gene polymorphism is associated with PCOS risk. In addition, the administration of metformin (MET), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), compound oral contraceptives (COCs), as well as nutrient supplements such as inositol (MI), vitamin D, and synbiotics can regulate SHBG levels to ameliorate PCOS complications and improve prognosis. This review focuses on the interaction between SHBG and various PCOS complications as well as the regulation of SHBG by various drugs and nutrients and its therapeutic effects on PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xing
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhao
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing He
- The First Department of Endocrine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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15
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Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313068. [PMID: 34884872 PMCID: PMC8658259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is considered the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes treatment. Actually, pleiotropic effects of metformin have been recognized, and there is evidence that this drug may have a favorable impact on health beyond its glucose-lowering activity. In summary, despite its long history, metformin is still an attractive research opportunity in the field of endocrine and metabolic diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer. To this end, its mode of action in distinct cell types is still in dispute. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of metformin in the field of metabolic and endocrine pathologies, including some endocrine tumors. Metformin is believed to act through multiple pathways that can be interconnected or work independently. Moreover, metformin effects on target tissues may be either direct or indirect, which means secondary to the actions on other tissues and consequent alterations at systemic level. Finally, as to the direct actions of metformin at cellular level, the intracellular milieu cooperates to cause differential responses to the drug between distinct cell types, despite the primary molecular targets may be the same within cells. Cellular bioenergetics can be regarded as the primary target of metformin action. Metformin can perturb the cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD/NADH ratio and the ATP/AMP ratio within cells, thus affecting enzymatic activities and metabolic and signaling pathways which depend on redox- and energy balance. In this context, the possible link between pyruvate metabolism and metformin actions is extensively discussed.
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16
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Dhar S, Mridha S, Bhattacharjee P. Mutational Landscape Screening Through Comprehensive In Silico Analysis for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-Related Genes. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:480-496. [PMID: 34697776 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrinopathy of indistinguishable etiopathogenesis that is liable to entail genetic and environmental machinery synergistically interacting with its phenotypic expression. It has been hypothesized that the environment secondarily interacts with genes to define the quantifiable phenotype in a primary, genetically determined, hyper-androgenic ovarian defect. The severity and prevalence of the disease are escalating due to uncontrolled diet and lifestyle, the influence of multiple environmental factors as well as genetic disorders. Many candidate genes have been identified to be one of the causes of PCOS. Different studies have been carried out to find the genetic correlation of PCOS. The mutational landscape analysis scans the entire genes for SNPs which usually occurs more frequently in patients and not in healthy individuals. In this study, an extensive computational analysis of all reported nsSNPs of the 27 selected PCOS-related genes was performed to infer the most pathogenic forms associated with PCOS. As a result, 28 genetic variants from 11 genes were predicted to be most harmful. Results of the present study can be useful for building an integrative genotype-phenotype database for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinjana Dhar
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Saptarshi Mridha
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, India
| | - Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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17
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Chaudhary H, Patel J, Jain NK, Joshi R. The role of polymorphism in various potential genes on polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility and pathogenesis. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:125. [PMID: 34563259 PMCID: PMC8466925 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathies affecting the early reproductive age in women, whose pathophysiology perplexes many researchers till today. This syndrome is classically categorized by hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia, menstrual and ovulatory dysfunction, bulky multi follicular ovaries on Ultrasonography (USG), and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, obesity. The etiopathogenesis of PCOS is not fully elucidated, but it seems that the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, ovarian, and/or adrenal androgen secretion may contribute to developing the syndrome. Infertility and poor reproductive health in women's lives are highly associated with elevated levels of androgens. Studies with ovarian theca cells taken from PCOS women have demonstrated increased androgen production due to augmented ovarian steroidogenesis attributed to mainly altered expression of critical enzymes (Cytochrome P450 enzymes: CYP17, CYP21, CYP19, CYP11A) in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. Despite the heterogeneity of PCOS, candidate gene studies are the widely used technique to delineate the genetic variants and analyze for the correlation of androgen biosynthesis pathway and those affecting the secretion or action of insulin with PCOS etiology. Linkage and association studies have predicted the relationship between genetic variants and PCOS risk among families or populations. Several genes have been proposed as playing a role in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS, and the presence of mutations and/or polymorphisms has been discovered, which suggests that PCOS has a vital heritable component. The following review summarizes the influence of polymorphisms in crucial genes of the steroidogenesis pathway leading to intraovarian hyperandrogenism which can result in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Jalpa Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Nayan K. Jain
- Department of Life Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Rushikesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
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18
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Kaur R, Kaur T, Sudhir N, Kaur A. Association Analysis of CYP11A1 Variants with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Case-Control Study from North India. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2951-2960. [PMID: 34231171 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The most common multifactorial endocrine disorder in females of reproductive age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), affecting about 5-10% of females worldwide and 9.3% of females in India. Androgen excess in PCOS is caused as a result of defects in steroidogenesis genes. CYP11A1 is an imperative marker in the steroid synthesis pathway, and the altered expression of CYP11A1 has been reported to disrupt the synthesis of steroids and hence conferring risk for the development of PCOS. The present study aimed to analyze genetic variants (rs11632698, rs4077582, rs4887139) of CYP11A1 with PCOS from North India. The study included 270 PCOS females diagnosed according to Rotterdam 2003 criteria and 270 age-matched healthy non-PCOS females. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used for the genotypic analysis of the selected genetic variants. Association analysis of biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein) and anthropometric measurements with PCOS cases was done. The genetic variants of CYP11A1 (rs11632698, rs4077582, and rs4887139) demonstrated significant association with PCOS cases (p=1.0E-12, p=3.0E-3, p=1.0E-2, respectively). Binary logistic regression revealed that the dominant model of rs11632698 conferred 2.0 risk, and dominant as well as the co-dominant model of rs4887139 conferred risk of 2.2 and 2.4 fold, respectively, towards the progression of PCOS. The overall mean triglyceride levels were elevated, and mean HDL levels were lower in PCOS cases as compared to threshold values. The significant association of studied genetic variants suggested the important role of CYP11A1 in susceptibility to PCOS. The study was the first of its kind from our region and provided baseline data of genetics of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratneev Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Tajinder Kaur
- Hartej Hospital, Ranjit Avenue, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Neha Sudhir
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Anupam Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Nazeer K, Munawar Lone N, Sadique S, Sultan S, Zia Eupash A, Riaz S. Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme gene polymorphism in Pakistani women with the atypical steroidogenesis in Polycystic ovarian syndrome: A case-control study. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3483-3489. [PMID: 34121888 PMCID: PMC8176000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) is responsible for elevated ACE concentrations in plasma. High ACE levels induce insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, which are the main attributes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, it was hypothesized that I/D polymorphism plays a role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Objective A case-control study was designed to investigate the association of I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene with PCOS in Pakistani women of reproductive age. Methods ACE I/D polymorphism was assessed in 252 women of age group 16–40 years. For genotypic analysis, PCR amplification of genomic DNA was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed to interpret the results using SPSS software. Results Our study showed that PCOS women were more likely to have a high body mass index and waist circumferences. Most PCOS patients had menstrual irregularities 99.3%, hirsutism 75.2% and cysts in ovaries 66.6%, along with other hyperandrogenic conditions (P-value = 0.001). The genotypic and allelic frequencies were significantly different between patients and controls. There was a significant association of three genotypes with the ratio of LH: FSH among PCOS patients (P = 0.05). Anthropometric characters, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, and PCOS conditions showed no statistical significance with ACE polymorphism. Conclusions ACE I/D polymorphism was not found associated with clinical conditions of PCOS in women of reproductive age. However, it was associated with atypical steroidogenesis. So, it indicates that ACE I/D polymorphism aggravates the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Key Words
- A-II, Angiotensin-II
- ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme
- BMI, Body mass index
- CVD, Cardiovascular diseases
- Ca, Calcium
- EDTA, Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- FSH, Follicular stimulating hormone
- Gene polymorphism
- HWE, Hardy-weinberg equilibrium
- Hyperandrogenism
- IR:Insulin resistanceRAS, Renin-Angiotensin System
- LH, Leutinizing hormone
- LH: FSH ratio
- PCO, Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome
- ROS, Reactive oxygen specie
- Renin-angiotensin system
- SPSS, Statistical Package for Social Sciences
- Vit, Vitamin
- WC, Waist circumference
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Nazeer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasira Munawar Lone
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Sadique
- Gynecology Unit: 2, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.,Sana Medical Complex, Esmat Muslim Street, Near hajj and awqaf directorate shahr-e- new Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Sikandar Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Zia Eupash
- LadyWilingdon, Hospital Ravi Road Walled City Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Riaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Citilab and Research Centre, Faisal Town Lahore, Pakistan
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Angelides PK, Jindal I, Karaviti L, Geffner ME. It's X-Related: Biological Bases of Increased COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality in Men. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa133. [PMID: 33117953 PMCID: PMC7499636 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip K Angelides
- The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ishita Jindal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lefkothea Karaviti
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mitchell E Geffner
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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21
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Nicolaides NC, Matheou A, Vlachou F, Neocleous V, Skordis N. Polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents: From diagnostic criteria to therapeutic management. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020085. [PMID: 32921781 PMCID: PMC7717007 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.10162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrinologic condition diagnosed in women of childbearing age. It is primarily associated with androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction, which contribute to menstrual irregularity, oligo-anovulation, infertility, hirsutism and acne. It is associated with several systemic conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obesity and neuropsychological disorders. The exact pathophysiology and clinical features are highly variable and, thus, there is still controversy in defining the diagnostic criteria. In this review, we outline the main diagnostic criteria, discuss the mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis, and present the associated clinical manifestations and therapeutic management of the syndrome in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Florentia Vlachou
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Vassos Neocleous
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Nicos Skordis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Paedi Center for Specialized Pediatrics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Zhang S, Tu H, Yao J, Le J, Jiang Z, Tang Q, Zhang R, Huo P, Lei X. Combined use of Diane-35 and metformin improves the ovulation in the PCOS rat model possibly via regulating glycolysis pathway. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:58. [PMID: 32493421 PMCID: PMC7268382 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disease with unknown pathogenesis. However, the treatment of Diane-35 combined with metformin can improve the endocrine and ovulation of PCOS. In this study, we investigated the effects of Diane-35 combined with metformin (DM) treatment on ovulation and glucose metabolism in a PCOS rat model. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, control group, model group (PCOS group) and Diane-35 combined with metformin (PCOS + DM group). The mRNA expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. The hormone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunostaining detected the protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the ovarian tissues. TNUEL assay was performed to determine cell apoptosis in the PCOS rats. The metabolites in the ovarian tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS PCOS rats showed an increased in body weight, levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone and insulin resistance, which was significantly attenuated by the DM treatment. The DM treatment improved disrupted estrous cycle and increased the granulosa cells of the ovary in the PCOS rats. The decreased proliferation and increased cell apoptosis of granulosa cells in the ovarian tissues of PCOS rats were significantly reversed by the DM treatment. The analysis of metabolics revealed that ATP and lactate levels were significantly decreased in PCOS rats, which was recovered by the DM treatment. Furthermore, the expression of LDH-A, PKM2 and SIRT1 was significantly down-regulated in ovarian tissues of the PCOS rats; while the DM treatment significantly increased the expression of LDH-A, PKM2 and SIRT1 in the ovarian tissues of the PCOS rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Diane-35 plus metformin treatment improved the pathological changes in the PCOS rats. Further studies suggest that Diane-35 plus metformin can improve the energy metabolism of the ovary via regulating the glycolysis pathway. The mechanistic studies indicated that the therapeutic effects of Diane-35 plus metformin treatment in the PCOS rats may be associated with the regulation of glycolysis-related mediators including PKM2, LDH-A and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- grid.452806.dDepartment of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Haoyan Tu
- grid.452806.dDepartment of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Jun Yao
- grid.452806.dDepartment of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Jianghua Le
- grid.452806.dDepartment of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Zhengxu Jiang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Qianqian Tang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Peng Huo
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - Xiaocan Lei
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
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Zangeneh FZ, Shoushtari MS, Shojaee S, Aboutorabi E. Investigation Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in nonobese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:165-174. [PMID: 32309765 PMCID: PMC7142317 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v18i3.6712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease that has a potent inheritable component based on familial clustering. Despite many studies in the genetic field of PCOS, the genes that are involved in the causes of this syndrome have not been thoroughly investigated. Objective The purpose of this study was to establish the occurrence of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3 adrenergic receptor in non-obese women with PCOS. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 women with PCOS and normal women as the control group in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran in 2016-2017. Peripheral blood sample (2 cc) was obtained from two groups for genomic DNA based on the gene bank. Polymorphisms were genotyped by of using ADRB3 Trp64Arg. Then the DNA was extracted by genomic kiagen kit. The primer was analyzed for PCR based on gene bank by using Primer3 software and then confirmed by primer Blast tool at NCBI site to conformity to the beta-3 adrenergic receptor gene. The protein changes were assessment by the Clastal W software. Results The sequence analysis presented in NCBI, transcript variant 1, with the code NM_000025.2, shows changes in the amino acid sequence of exon 1 in women with PCOS. Polymorphism in the codon 64 encoding the amino acid tryptophan (W) occurred in the nucleotide c.T190C, which changed the nucleotide T to C and then the amino acid sequence of the tryptophan was altered to arginine pW64R. Conclusion T-C polymorphism is evident in the codon 64 of the adrenergic β3 receptor in patients with PCOS. Therefore, Beta3 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism (Thr164Ile) associates with this syndrome in nonobese women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elahe Aboutorabi
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Saddick SY. Identifying genes associated with the development of human polycystic ovary syndrome. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1271-1279. [PMID: 32346335 PMCID: PMC7183000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is confusing until today as it is a multifactorial endocrine disorder. It is presented with altered gonadotropin levels, bulky multi-follicular ovaries, infertility, and obesity. This complex pathophysiology is linked with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Hyperandrogenemia significantly contributes towards cosmetic anomalies including hirsutism, acne, and alopecia in the PCOS women. The preexisting insulin resistance in women with PCOS is likely to aggravate the increased levels of androgen. The review findings have shown that in the steroidogenic pathway, ovarian steroidogenesis patterns classify mainly towards the hypertrophy of theca cells along with alteration in the expression of key enzymes. The association of polymorphisms in genes encoding the process of an intricate cascade of steroidogenesis is delineated. The emergence of an unanimously accepted genetic marker for susceptible PCOS was affected based on inconsistent findings. The present study has provided a comprehensive summary of the impact of polymorphisms among the common androgen-related genes to govern the genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Y Saddick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the RAB5B gene 3'UTR region with polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese Han women. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190292. [PMID: 31036605 PMCID: PMC6522744 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Previous genome-wide sequencing revealed that Ras-related protein Rab-5B (RAB5B) is a susceptible target in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Direct sequencing was performed to analyze the RAB5B gene rs1045435, rs11550558, rs34962186, rs705700, rs58717357, rs11171718, rs60028217, rs772920 loci genotypes in 300 PCOS patients and 300 healthy controls. The plasma microRNA (miRNA)-24, miR-320 levels were measured by reverse transcription fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: The risk of PCOS in C allele carriers of RAB5B gene rs1045435 locus was 3.91 times higher than that of G allele. The risk of PCOS in rs11550558 locus G allele was 4.09 times higher than A allele. The risk of PCOS in rs705700 locus C allele was 1.66 times greater than T allele. The risk of PCOS in rs11171718 locus A allele carrier was 3.84 times higher than G allele. The rs11550558 SNP was associated with PCOS risk only in those with age ≥ 31.1 years. And RAB5B gene rs11550558, rs1045435, and rs11171718 SNPs were significantly associated with PCOS risk only in subjects with BMI ≥ 23.8 kg/m2. We also found that the RAB5B gene rs1045435 SNP was associated with plasma miR-24 levels. The RAB5B gene rs11550558, rs705700, rs11171718 SNPs were correlated with plasma miR-230 levels. Conclusion: The single nucleotide polymorphisms of the rs1045435, rs11550558, rs705700, and rs11171718 loci of the RAB5B gene are associated with PCOS risk. The rs1045435 locus is likely an miR-24 binding site, while rs11550558, rs705700, and rs11171718 loci may be miR-320 binding sites.
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Hestiantoro A, Karimah PD, Shadrina A, Wiweko B, Muharam R, Astuti BPK. Triglycerides, independent of Ferriman Gallwey Score, is a main determinant of free testosterone index in PCOS. F1000Res 2019; 8:94. [PMID: 30881692 PMCID: PMC6406175 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16815.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-20% of women worldwide. Hyperandrogenism, as the primary characteristic of PCOS, is not always present in every patient. The hyperandrogenic phenotype of PCOS patients is influenced by both hormonal and metabolic dysfunctions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between hormone profile, lipid profile, and clinical profile with free testosterone index in subjects with PCOS. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital between July 2014 and December 2016. The study involved 76 women with PCOS, who were classified into 2 subgroups: 39 subjects in the hyperandrogenism group and 37 subjects in the non-hyperandrogenism group. Each subject underwent physical examination, blood sample collection, and USG examination. Bivariate analysis was done using independent t-tests and Mann Whitney U-tests, while multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression. Results: Triglyceride and testosterone level showed weak (r = 0.232, p = 0.044) and moderate (r = 0.460, p ¡ 0.001) positive correlation with FTI, while SHBG level showed moderate negative correlation (r = -0.483, p ¡ 0.001). Triglyceride was also found to be determinant of hyperandrogenism condition in PCOS patient (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00-0.04, p = 0.013). However, there was no significant difference observed between FGS and hyperandrogenism (p = 0.43). Conclusions: Triglycerides, testosterone, and SHBG were associated with hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients, while FGS showed no such association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andon Hestiantoro
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesian Reproductive Medicine Research and Training Center (Inarepromed, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - (Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Putri Deva Karimah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Amalia Shadrina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesian Reproductive Medicine Research and Training Center (Inarepromed, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - (Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - R. Muharam
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesian Reproductive Medicine Research and Training Center (Inarepromed, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - (Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Brilliant Putri Kusuma Astuti
- Reproductive Immunoendocrinology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesian Reproductive Medicine Research and Training Center (Inarepromed, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - (Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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The role of DENND1A and CYP19A1 gene variants in individual susceptibility to obesity in Turkish population-a preliminary study. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2193-2199. [PMID: 30232779 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common genetic variations in human genome, can manage the predisposition of certain complex diseases or situations such as obesity. Genetic polymorphisms also play an important role as they can impact a population's susceptibility to being overweight or obese and developing related chronic complications such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and cancer. The present study comprised of 193 unrelated healthy volunteers (120 females and 73 males) with Turkish origin. Only female adolescents (n = 110) were divided into 2 categories according to their BMI values as overweight (BMI ≥ 25) and normal (18.5 < BMI < 25) according to WHO classification. Genomic DNA was isolated from venous blood samples and genotyping of DENND1A rs10818854 and CYP19A1 rs2414096 variants was performed on Roche Light Cycler 2.0 Real-Time PCR platform. Serum hormone levels were analyzed by Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay (ECLIA; Roche diagnostics). The genotype distributions were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both SNPs in the studied population (p > 0.05). The genotype distribution of DENND1A rs10818854 was determined for the first time in Turkish population and the variant allele frequency was found as 0.095. According to reduced sex hormone-binding globulin levels and increased free androgen index in the present study, obesity was linked with hyperandrogenism in female subjects. Both polymorphisms were investigated as potential genetic susceptibility markers for obesity and neither DENND1A nor CYP19A1 showed any associations.
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