1
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Zhang J. Non-coding RNAs and angiogenesis in cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive review. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04919-5. [PMID: 38306012 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have key roles in the etiology of many illnesses, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and in physiological processes like angiogenesis. In transcriptional regulatory circuits that control heart growth, signaling, and stress response, as well as remodeling in cardiac disease, ncRNAs have become important players. Studies on ncRNAs and cardiovascular disease have made great progress recently. Here, we go through the functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) like circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
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2
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Xia M, Wu F, Yang Y, Lu W, Song M, Ma Z. The possibility of visualizing TGF-β1 expression in ApoE -/- mice atherosclerosis using MR targeted imaging. Acta Radiol 2024; 65:99-105. [PMID: 36760069 DOI: 10.1177/02841851231153989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial TGF-β1 signaling is a primary driver of atherosclerosis-associated vascular inflammation. Targeted imaging and inhibition of the expression of TGF-β1 may reduce the atherosclerotic vessel wall inflammation and stop the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. PURPOSE To investigate the possibility of the anti-TGF-β1-ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) specific probe as an imaging marker for the expression of TGF-β1 in ApoE-/- mice atherosclerosis detected with 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Here, 70 ApoE-/- mice on a high-fat diet served as the experimental group and 30 C57BL/6 mice on a normal diet served as the control group. The morphology of plaques was viewed by H&E staining, and the expression and distribution of TNC and TGF-β1 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Another 40 mice in the experimental group were classified into a targeted group, which was administrated an anti-TGF-β1-USPIO probe, and the pure group, which was injected with pure USPIO. RESULTS The 7.0-T MRI showed that the relative signal intensity (rSI) changes of the targeted group decreased more than those of the pure group (-19.34 ± 0.68% vs. -5.61 ± 0.57%; P < 0.05). Histopathological analyses demonstrated expression of TGF-β1 in atherosclerotic plaque formation progression from 10 to 28 weeks. The MR images of the expression of TGF-β1 in atherosclerosis correlated well with the pathological progression of atherosclerotic plaque formation. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TGF-β1-USPIO could provide a useful molecular imaging tool for detecting and monitoring the expression of TGF-β1 in atherosclerotic plaques by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fen Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yawen Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenye Lu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mengxing Song
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhanlong Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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3
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Wu Z, Lohmöller J, Kuhl C, Wehrle K, Jankowski J. Use of Computation Ecosystems to Analyze the Kidney-Heart Crosstalk. Circ Res 2023; 132:1084-1100. [PMID: 37053282 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.321765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The identification of mediators for physiologic processes, correlation of molecular processes, or even pathophysiological processes within a single organ such as the kidney or heart has been extensively studied to answer specific research questions using organ-centered approaches in the past 50 years. However, it has become evident that these approaches do not adequately complement each other and display a distorted single-disease progression, lacking holistic multilevel/multidimensional correlations. Holistic approaches have become increasingly significant in understanding and uncovering high dimensional interactions and molecular overlaps between different organ systems in the pathophysiology of multimorbid and systemic diseases like cardiorenal syndrome because of pathological heart-kidney crosstalk. Holistic approaches to unraveling multimorbid diseases are based on the integration, merging, and correlation of extensive, heterogeneous, and multidimensional data from different data sources, both -omics and nonomics databases. These approaches aimed at generating viable and translatable disease models using mathematical, statistical, and computational tools, thereby creating first computational ecosystems. As part of these computational ecosystems, systems medicine solutions focus on the analysis of -omics data in single-organ diseases. However, the data-scientific requirements to address the complexity of multimodality and multimorbidity reach far beyond what is currently available and require multiphased and cross-sectional approaches. These approaches break down complexity into small and comprehensible challenges. Such holistic computational ecosystems encompass data, methods, processes, and interdisciplinary knowledge to manage the complexity of multiorgan crosstalk. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge of kidney-heart crosstalk, along with methods and opportunities that arise from the novel application of computational ecosystems providing a holistic analysis on the example of kidney-heart crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Wu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (Z.W., J.J.), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Germany
- Department of Radiology (C.K.), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Germany
| | - Johannes Lohmöller
- Medical Faculty, and Department of Computer Science, Communication and Distributed Systems (COMSYS) (J.L., K.W.), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Germany
| | - Christiane Kuhl
- Department of Radiology (C.K.), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Germany
| | - Klaus Wehrle
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (Z.W., J.J.), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Germany
- Medical Faculty, and Department of Computer Science, Communication and Distributed Systems (COMSYS) (J.L., K.W.), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (Z.W., J.J.), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.J.)
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease (AMICARE), University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Germany (J.J.)
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4
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Oxy210, a Semi-Synthetic Oxysterol, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Macrophages via Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR2 Signaling and Modulation of Macrophage Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105478. [PMID: 35628290 PMCID: PMC9141227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses by the innate and adaptive immune systems protect against infections and are essential to health and survival. Many diseases including atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and obesity involve persistent chronic inflammation. Currently available anti-inflammatory agents, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and biologics, are often unsafe for chronic use due to adverse effects. The development of effective non-toxic anti-inflammatory agents for chronic use remains an important research arena. We previously reported that oral administration of Oxy210, a semi-synthetic oxysterol, ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high-fat diet in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP humanized mouse model of NASH and inhibits expression of hepatic and circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that Oxy210 also inhibits diet-induced white adipose tissue inflammation in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, evidenced by the inhibition of adipose tissue expression of IL-6, MCP-1, and CD68 macrophage marker. Oxy210 and related analogs exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide in vitro, mediated through inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and AP-1 signaling, independent of cyclooxygenase enzymes or steroid receptors. The anti-inflammatory effects of Oxy210 are correlated with the inhibition of macrophage polarization. We propose that Oxy210 and its structural analogs may be attractive candidates for future therapeutic development for targeting inflammatory diseases.
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5
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Azimzadeh O, von Toerne C, Subramanian V, Sievert W, Multhoff G, Atkinson MJ, Tapio S. Data-Independent Acquisition Proteomics Reveals Long-Term Biomarkers in the Serum of C57BL/6J Mice Following Local High-Dose Heart Irradiation. Front Public Health 2021; 9:678856. [PMID: 34277544 PMCID: PMC8283568 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.678856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cardiotoxicity is a well-known adverse effect of radiation therapy. Measurable abnormalities in the heart function indicate advanced and often irreversible heart damage. Therefore, early detection of cardiac toxicity is necessary to delay and alleviate the development of the disease. The present study investigated long-term serum proteome alterations following local heart irradiation using a mouse model with the aim to detect biomarkers of radiation-induced cardiac toxicity. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from C57BL/6J mice were collected 20 weeks after local heart irradiation with 8 or 16 Gy X-ray; the controls were sham-irradiated. The samples were analyzed by quantitative proteomics based on data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. The proteomics data were further investigated using bioinformatics and ELISA. Results: The analysis showed radiation-induced changes in the level of several serum proteins involved in the acute phase response, inflammation, and cholesterol metabolism. We found significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, and IL-6) in the serum of the irradiated mice. The level of free fatty acids, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and oxidized LDL was increased, whereas that of high-density lipoprotein was decreased by irradiation. Conclusions: This study provides information on systemic effects of heart irradiation. It elucidates a radiation fingerprint in the serum that may be used to elucidate adverse cardiac effects after radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Section Radiation Biology, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Vikram Subramanian
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sievert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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6
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Kao HH, Yu RL, Chuang WL, Huang JF, Dai CY, Tan CH. Genetic polymorphisms of regulatory T cell-related genes modulate systemic inflammation induced by viral hepatitis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:1000-1009. [PMID: 34166564 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a devastating disease with the risk for cirrhosis and carcinogenicity. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles in the disease course of viral hepatitis via maintaining the balance between overt-immune responses and viral replications. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms of Treg-related genes, such as interleukin-2, transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and adenylyl cyclase type 9 modulate the hosts' immune regulation under circumstances of viral hepatitis. We examined the effect of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Treg-related genes on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alanine aminotransferase, and non-invasive hepatic fibrosis marker (Fibrosis-4 index) in a total of 138 participants with viral hepatitis. The rs1800469 (a TGF-β1 SNP) GG genotype is associated with higher serum CRP levels, and the rs3761547 (a FOXP3 SNP) C allele in the females is associated with higher ESR levels. Besides, female participants carrying the rs3761547 C allele had a significantly higher Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index than the females carrying the TT genotype, while the rs3761547 C allele had the opposite effect in males. With linear-regression moderation analysis, we found that sex moderated the impact of the FOXP3 SNP on the levels of FIB-4, whereas the FOXP3 SNP caused the opposite effect between males and females on the severity of hepatic fibrosis. These results provide evidence for the participation of TGF-β1 and FOXP3 in the inflammatory responses associated with viral hepatitis, where FOXP3 function may be moderated by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Hsin Kao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rwei-Ling Yu
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Tan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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7
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Wang Y, Xu Z, Wang X, Zheng J, Peng L, Zhou Y, Song Y, Lu Z. Extracellular-vesicle containing miRNA-503-5p released by macrophages contributes to atherosclerosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12239-12257. [PMID: 33872218 PMCID: PMC8109059 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, and the differentiation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) into proliferative, secretory phenotypes, are two major pathophysiological processes in atherosclerosis. SMCs have the potential to recruit macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, in which macrophages drive inflammatory responses. In this study, we found that microRNA-503-5p (miR-503-5p) was enriched in either extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by oxidized low-density lipoprotein-treated macrophages, or the EVs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atherosclerosis patients. miR-503-5p was transferred intercellularly from macrophages to the co-cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and HCASMCs via EVs, thus reducing the proliferative and angiogenic abilities of HCAECs and accelerating the proliferative and migrating abilities of HCASMCs. Smad family members 1, 2 and 7 were negatively regulated by miR-503-5p in HCAECs and HCASMCs. miR-503-5p was verified as an enhancer of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules released by macrophages, in part via the down-regulation of smad family members 1, 2 and 7. The inhibition of miR-503-5p by lentivirus reduced atherosclerotic lesion formations in the aorta of atherosclerotic mice. Our work demonstrated a miR-503-5p- and EV-mediated mechanism for macrophage communication with HCAECs and HCASMCs in atherosclerosis. miR-503-5p is pro-atherosclerotic stimuli that may be a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Zhengmin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Lihan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou 635000, P. R. China
| | - Yongyan Song
- School of Preclinical Medicine, and Nanchong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Drugs and Biological Products, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, P. R. China
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8
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Chen XT, Li ZW, Zhao X, Li ML, Hou PF, Chu SF, Zheng JN, Bai J. Role of Circular RNA in Kidney-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:615882. [PMID: 33776764 PMCID: PMC7990792 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.615882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is vital in maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance. Kidney-related diseases, which are an increasing public health issue, can happen to people of any age and at any time. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous RNA that are produced by selective RNA splicing and are involved in progression of various diseases. Studies have shown that various kidney diseases, including renal cell carcinoma, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease, are linked to circRNAs. This review outlines the characteristics and biological functions of circRNAs and discusses specific studies that provide insights into the function and potential of circRNAs for application in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tian Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Min-Le Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ping-Fu Hou
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Su-Fang Chu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Nian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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9
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Deng W, Chen K, Liu S, Wang Y. Silencing circular ANRIL protects HK-2 cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury through up-regulating microRNA-9. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3478-3484. [PMID: 31432701 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1652187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (cANRIL) participated in inflammation of endothelial cells. However, whether cANRIL is associated with inflammatory injury of HK-2 cells, thereby affecting chronic kidney disease has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that cANRIL participated in inflammatory response in vitro. HK-2 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). RT-qPCR was executed for cANRIL expression assessment. After transfection, cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines and ROS generation were appraised to evaluate the impact of silencing cANRIL on LPS-induced inflammatory injury. The regulatory relationship between cANRIL and microRNA-9 (miR-9) was verified. In addition, whether miR-9 affected LPS-induced inflammatory injury was measured after miR-9 inhibitor transfection. Western blot was utilized to detect NF-κB and JNK/p38 pathway-related proteins. The results showed that LPS promoted cANRIL expression and cell injuries in HK-2 cells. Furthermore, silencing cANRIL alleviated inflammatory injuries by promoting viability, suppressing apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines and ROS generation in HK-2 cells. In addition, miR-9 expression was accelerated by silencing cANRIL. Meanwhile, miR-9 down-regulation invalidated the effect of silencing cANRIL on inflammation and NF-κB and JNK/p38 pathways. The study clarified that silencing cANRIL hindered NF-κB and JNK/p38 pathways by positively regulating miR-9, thereby protecting HK-2 cells from LPS-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , Shandong , China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , Shandong , China
| | - Shuxia Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , Shandong , China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital , Jining , Shandong , China
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10
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Munjal A, Khandia R. Atherosclerosis: orchestrating cells and biomolecules involved in its activation and inhibition. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 120:85-122. [PMID: 32085889 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term atherosclerosis refers to the condition of deposition of lipids and other substances in and on the artery walls, called as plaque that restricts the normal blood flow. The plaque may be stable or unstable in nature. Unstable plaque can burst and trigger clot formation adding further adversities. The process of plaque formation involves various stages including fatty streak, intermediate or fibro-fatty lesion and advanced lesion. The cells participating in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque include endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes, monocytes derived macrophages, macrophages and dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (TREG). The role of a variety of cytokines and chemokines have been studied which either help in progression of atherosclerotic plaque or vice versa. The cytokines involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation include IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-20, IL-25, IL-27, IL-33, IL-37, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ; whereas amongst the chemokines (family of small cytokines) are CCL2, CCL3, CXCL4, CCL5, CXCL1, CX3CL1, CCL17, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL20, CCL19 and CCL21 and macrophage migration-inhibitory factor. These are involved in the atherosclerosis advancements, whereas the chemokine CXCL12 is play atheroprotective roles. Apart this, contradictory functions have been documented for few other chemokines such as CXCL16. Since the cytokines and chemokines are amongst the key molecules involved in orchestrating the atherosclerosis advancements, targeting them might be an effective strategy to encumber the atherosclerotic progression. Blockage of cytokines and chemokines via the means of broad-spectrum inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies, usage of decoy receptors or RNA interference have been proved to be useful intervention against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, MP, India
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11
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Cheng Y, Zhou M, Zhou W. MicroRNA-30e regulates TGF-β-mediated NADPH oxidase 4-dependent oxidative stress by Snai1 in atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1806-1816. [PMID: 30816428 PMCID: PMC6414159 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at a post-transcription level in living organisms. Great attention has been paid to the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). The present study was designed to investigate the function of miRNA-30e in atherosclerosis and to explore potential mechanisms. The expression of miRNA-30e was decreased in an AS model, compared with the normal group. The downregulation of miRNA-30e increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in vitro. Then, overexpression of miRNA-30e led to decreased oxidative stress and ROS levels in vitro. The downregulation of miRNA-30e induced the protein expression of Snai1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2) and suppressed that of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in vitro. The activation of Snai1 or TGF-β attenuated the effects of miRNA-30e on oxidative stress in vitro. Consistently, the inhibition of Nox4 attenuated the effects of miRNA-30e on oxidative stress in vitro. These findings demonstrated for the first time that miRNA-30e regulated AS by TGF-β-mediated NADPH oxidase 4-dependent oxidative stress via Snai1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Meili Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Rui Jin Hospital, Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, P.R. China
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12
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Gáll T, Pethő D, Nagy A, Hendrik Z, Méhes G, Potor L, Gram M, Åkerström B, Smith A, Nagy P, Balla G, Balla J. Heme Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (HIER Stress) in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1595. [PMID: 30515102 PMCID: PMC6255930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins resulted from oxidative protein modification induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating the pathways of unfolded protein response. In pathologic hemolytic conditions, extracellular free hemoglobin is submitted to rapid oxidation causing heme release. Resident cells of atherosclerotic lesions, after intraplaque hemorrhage, are exposed to heme leading to oxidative injury. Therefore, we raised the question whether heme can also provoke ER stress. Smooth muscle cells are one of the key players of atherogenesis; thus, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were selected as a model cell to reveal the possible link between heme and ER stress. Using immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, we quantitated the markers of ER stress. These were: phosphorylated eIF2α, Activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (also known as C/EBP homology protein, termed CHOP), X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), Activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) and heme responsive genes heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on human carotid artery specimens from patients who had undergone carotid endarterectomy. We demonstrate that heme increases the phosphorylation of eiF2α in HAoSMCs and the expression of ATF4. Heme also enhances the splicing of XBP1 and the proteolytic cleavage of ATF6. Consequently, there is up-regulation of target genes increasing both mRNA and protein levels of CHOP and GRP78. However, TGFβ and collagen type I decreased. When the heme binding proteins, alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) and hemopexin (Hpx) are present in cell media, the ER stress provoked by heme is inhibited. ER stress pathways are also retarded by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) indicating that reactive oxygen species are involved in heme-induced ER stress. Consistent with these findings, elevated expression of the ER stress marker GRP78 and CHOP were observed in smooth muscle cells of complicated lesions with hemorrhage compared to either atheromas or healthy arteries. In conclusion, heme triggers ER stress in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HAoSMCs. A1M and Hpx as well as NAC effectively hamper heme-induced ER stress, supporting their use as a potential therapeutic approach to reverse such a deleterious effects of heme toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hendrik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Potor
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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