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Rong W, Shi Q, Yang Y, Su W, Li M, Qin M, Bai S, Zhu Q, Wang A. Fructus choerospondiatis: A comprehensive review of its traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and clinical studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117696. [PMID: 38171468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Choerospondiatis is the dried and mature fruit of Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill. It has been used for a long time in Tibetan and Mongolian medicine, first recorded in the ancient Tibetan medicine book "Medicine Diagnosis of the King of the Moon" in the early 8th century. Fructus Choerospondiatis shows multiple pharmacological activities, especially in treating cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This paper reviews the progress in research on the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activity, clinical studies, and quality control of Fructus Choerospondiatis. This review aims to summarize current research and provide a reference for further development and utilization of Fructus Choerospondiatis resources. METHOD The sources for this review include the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China (2020), theses, and peer-reviewed papers (in both English and Chinese). Theses and papers were downloaded from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Scholar, Springer, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.The search terms used were "Choerospondias axillaris", "C. axillaris", "Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill", "Fructus choerospondiatis", "Guangzao", "Lapsi", and "Lupsi". RESULTS Fructus Choerospondiatis contains polyphenols, organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, polysaccharides, and other chemical components. These ingredients contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities such as antioxidant activity, protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-myocardial fibrosis, heart rhythm regulation, anti-tumor, liver protection, and immunity enhancement. It also affects the central nervous system, with the ability to repair damaged nerve cells. CONCLUSION Fructus Choerospondiatis, with its various chemical compositions and pharmacological activities, is a promising medicinal resource. However, it remains under-researched, particularly in pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control. These areas require further exploration by researchers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qilin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuru Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyi Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingna Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minni Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Li N, Su S, Xie X, Yang Z, Li Z, Lu D. Tsantan Sumtang, a traditional Tibetan medicine, protects pulmonary vascular endothelial function of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats through AKT/eNOS signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117436. [PMID: 37979813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tsantan Sumtang (TS), originated from the Four Tantras, is an empirical Tibetan medicine prescription, which has been widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases in the clinic in Qinghai Province of China. Our previous studies found that TS alleviated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) in rats. However, the effect and bioactive fractions of TS on hypoxia-injured pulmonary vascular endothelium are unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect, bioactive fractions and pharmacological mechanism of TS on hypoxia-injured pulmonary vascular endothelium in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo studies, HPH animal model was established, and TS was administrated for four weeks. Then, hemodynamic indexes, ex vivo pulmonary artery perfusion experiment, morphological characteristics, nitric oxide (NO) production, and the protein expression of protein kinase B (AKT)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/eNOS signaling were determined. In vitro studies, 1% O2-induced pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) injury model was applied for screening bioactive fractions of TS by cell proliferation assay and NO production measurement. The associated proteins of AKT/eNOS signaling were further measured to elucidate underlying mechanism of bioactive fraction of TS via using phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) was used to reveal the chemical profile of bioactive fraction of TS. RESULTS TS showed protective effect on the integrity of distal pulmonary arterial endothelium in HPH rats. Tsantan Sumtang dilated pulmonary arterial rings in HPH rats. TS enhanced NO bioavailability in lung tissue via regulating AKT/eNOS signaling. Furthermore, in the cellular level, cell viability as well as NO content of hypoxia-injured PAECs were elevated by fraction 17 of water extract of TS (WTS), through activating the AKT/eNOS signaling. Ellagic acid could be one of compositions in fraction 17 of WTS to produce NO in hypoxia-injured PAECs. CONCLUSION TS restored pulmonary arterial endothelial function in HPH rats. The bioactive fraction 17 was screened, which protected hypoxia-injured PAECs via upregulating AKT/eNOS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810003, PR China
| | - Xin Xie
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610086, PR China.
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Gu C, Yang Z, Su S, Ma K, Nan X, Li Z, Lu D. 4-Terpineol attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling via suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 473:116596. [PMID: 37328117 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The hyperproliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays a pivotal role in pulmonary arterial remodeling (PAR) of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). 4-Terpineol is a constituent of Myristic fragrant volatile oil in Santan Sumtang. Our previous study found that Myristic fragrant volatile oil alleviated PAR in HPH rats. However, the effect and pharmacological mechanism of 4-terpineol in HPH rats remain unexplored. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia chamber (simulated altitudes of 4500 m) for 4 weeks to establish an HPH model in this study. During this period, rats were intragastrically administrated with 4-terpineol or sildenafil. After that, hemodynamic indexes and histopathological changes were assessed. Moreover, a hypoxia-induced cellular proliferative model was established by exposing PASMCs to 3% O2. PASMCs were pretreated with 4-terpineol or LY294002 to explore whether 4-terpineol targeted PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The PI3K/Akt-related proteins expression was also accessed in lung tissues of HPH rats. We found that 4-terpineol attenuated mPAP and PAR in HPH rats. Then, cellular experiments showed 4-terpineol inhibited hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation via down-regulating PI3K/Akt expression. Furthermore, 4-terpineol decreased the p-Akt, p-p38, and p-GSK-3β protein expression, as well as reduced the PCNA, CDK4, Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1 protein levels, while increasing levels of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and p27kip1in lung tissues of HPH rats. Our results suggested that 4-terpineol mitigated PAR in HPH rats by inhibiting the proliferation and inducing apoptosis of PASMCs through suppression of the PI3K/Akt-related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunlin Gu
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai 810003, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining 810001, China; Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Sichuan, Chengdu 610086, China.
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Su S, Nan X, Xie X, Li Z, Lu D. Kaempferol ameliorates pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats via regulating Akt-GSK3β-cyclin axis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 466:116478. [PMID: 36940862 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is considered a major contributor to elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and a key mechanism of vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid compound and can be derived from numerous common medicinal herbs and vegetables, which exhibit antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties, however, the effects of kaempferol on vascular remodeling in HPH remain unexplored. In this study, SD rats were placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber for four weeks to establish a pulmonary hypertension model and given either kaempferol or sildenafil (an inhibitor of PDE-5) during days 1-28, after which the hemodynamic parameter and pulmonary vascular morphometry were assessed. Furthermore, primary rat PASMCs were exposed to hypoxic conditions to generate a cell proliferation model, then incubated with either kaempferol or LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K). Immunoblotting and real-time quantitative PCR assessed the protein and mRNA expression levels in HPH rat lungs and PASMCs. We found that kaempferol reduced pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and alleviated right ventricular hypertrophy in HPH rats. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that kaempferol reduced the protein levels of phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β, leading to decreased expression of pro-proliferation (CDK2, CDK4, Cyclin D1, and PCNA) and anti-apoptotic related proteins (Bcl-2) and increased expression of pro-apoptosis proteins (Bax and cleaved caspase 3). These results collectively demonstrate that kaempferol ameliorates HPH in rats by inhibiting PASMC proliferation and pro-apoptosis via modulation of the Akt/GSK3β/CyclinD axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810007, China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Xining Customs Technical Center, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Qinghai, Xining 810003, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Xin Xie
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610086, China.
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Yu J, Li P, Duan Z, Liu X. Effect of Qiling Jiaogulan Powder on Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Arteriole Remodeling in Low-Temperature-Exposed Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010005. [PMID: 36611616 PMCID: PMC9817788 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine plays an important role in regulating the nutritional metabolism of poultry and maintaining or improving normal physiological functions and animal health. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Qiling Jiaogulan Powder (QLJP) on pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arteriole remodeling in low temperature-exposed broilers. Seven-day-old Ross 308 broilers (n = 240) were reared adaptively to 14 days of age. The broilers were randomly divided into six groups: A control group (basal diet and normal feeding temperature); model group (basal diet); low-, medium- and high-dose QLJP groups (basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg, 2 g/kg, 4 g/kg QLJP); and L-Arg group (basal diet supplemented with 10 g/kg L-arginine). Additionally, all the broilers, except the broilers in the control group, from the age of 14 days old, had a house temperature continuously lowered by 2 °C each day until it reached 12 °C at 21 days of age, and the low temperature was maintained until the end of the experiment. There were four replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate. The results showed that the structure of the lung tissue was clearer and basically intact in the broilers in the QLJP groups, with a small number of collagen fibers formed, and the content of hydroxyproline (HYP) was significantly reduced. QLJP improved pulmonary arteriole lesions, such as tunica media thickening, intimal hyperplasia, arterial wall hypertrophy, and lumen narrowing. QLJP reduced the relative media thickness (%) and relative medial area (%) of the pulmonary arteriole, and significantly decreased the expression level of the alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein in pulmonary arteriole, which alleviated pulmonary arteriole remodeling. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that QLJP treatment significantly reduced the gene and protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta l (TGF-β1) and Smad2 in the lung and downregulated the gene and protein levels of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). In conclusion, the results of our study suggested that dietary supplementation with QLJP improved pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arteriole remodeling by inhibiting the expression of genes related to the TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway and inhibited the occurrence and development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in low-temperature-exposed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhibian Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Xingyou Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Correspondence:
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Xue Z, Li Y, Zhou M, Liu Z, Fan G, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yang J. Traditional Herbal Medicine Discovery for the Treatment and Prevention of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720873. [PMID: 34899290 PMCID: PMC8660120 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that may subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Although there are currently both non-pharmacological (lung transplantation, etc.) and pharmacological (Sildenafil, Bosentan, and new oral drugs on trial) therapies available, PAH remains a serious and fatal pulmonary disease. As a unique medical treatment, traditional herbal medicine (THM) treatment has gradually exerted its advantages in treating PAH worldwide through a multi-level and multi-target approach. Additionally, the potential mechanisms of THM were deciphered, including suppression of proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, controlling the processes of inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulating vasoconstriction and ion channels. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of the frequently studied compound THM, single herbal preparations, and multiple active components from THM are comprehensively summarized, as well as their related mechanisms on several classical preclinical PAH models. It is worth mentioning that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium and tetramethylpyrazine are under clinical trials and are considered the most promoting medicines for PAH treatment. Last, reverse pharmacology, a strategy to discover THM or THM-derived components, has also been proposed here for PAH. This review discusses the current state of THM, their working mechanisms against PAH, and prospects of reverse pharmacology, which are expected to facilitate the natural anti-PAH medicine discovery and development and its bench-to-bedside transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Siques P, Pena E, Brito J, El Alam S. Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activation, and Inflammatory Pathways Involved in Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells During Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Under Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690341. [PMID: 34434114 PMCID: PMC8381601 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude exposure results in hypobaric hypoxia, which affects organisms by activating several mechanisms at the physiological, cellular, and molecular levels and triggering the development of several pathologies. One such pathology is high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH), which is initiated through hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to distribute blood to more adequately ventilated areas of the lungs. Importantly, all layers of the pulmonary artery (adventitia, smooth muscle, and endothelium) contribute to or are involved in the development of HAPH. However, the principal action sites of HAPH are pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which interact with several extracellular and intracellular molecules and participate in mechanisms leading to proliferation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. This review summarizes the alterations in molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, kinase activation, and other processes that occur in PASMCs during pulmonary hypertension under hypobaric hypoxia and proposes updates to pharmacological treatments to mitigate the pathological changes in PASMCs under such conditions. In general, PASMCs exposed to hypobaric hypoxia undergo oxidative stress mediated by Nox4, inflammation mediated by increases in interleukin-6 levels and inflammatory cell infiltration, and activation of the protein kinase ERK1/2, which lead to the proliferation of PASMCs and contribute to the development of hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Samia El Alam
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
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Yang Z, Sun H, Su S, Nan X, Li K, Jin X, Jin G, Li Z, Lu D. Tsantan Sumtang Restored Right Ventricular Function in Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:607384. [PMID: 33536917 PMCID: PMC7848122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tsantan Sumtang originated from Four Tantras, which consisted of Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B. L. Burtt and A. W. Hill, Santalum album L., and Myristica fragrans Houtt. The three herbs are in ratio 1:1:1. This medication is widely used for cardiovascular diseases. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Tsantan Sumtang on right ventricular (RV) function in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rats and investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control, hypoxia, and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang (1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 g•kg−1•d−1) groups. Chronic hypoxia was induced by putting the rats inside a hypobaric chamber for four weeks and adjusting the inner pressure and oxygen content to match an altitude of 4500 m. Echocardiography was used to assess RV function and right ventricular-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) coupling. The physiological parameters of the animals were also evaluated. Morphological characteristics of RV were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and TEM. Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and TUNEL assay were used to assess fibrosis and apoptosis levels. The antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties of Tsantan Sumtang were also evaluated. The effect of Tsantan Sumtang on ROCK signaling pathway was evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Results: We established an HPH rat model as indicated by the significant increases in the physiological parameters of the rats. Tsantan Sumtang showed a significant cardiac-protective function and an improved effect on RV-PA coupling. Moreover, Tsantan Sumtang treatment inhibited fibrosis and alleviated apoptosis and oxidative stress in RV. In terms of mechanism, Tsantan Sumtang reduced the expression of ROCK (ROCK1, ROCK2) in RV, inhibited cardiac remodeling-related transcription factors (NFATc3, P-STAT3), and regulated apoptosis-related proteins. Conclusion: Tsantan Sumtang was able to restore RV function, improve RV-PA coupling, recover hemodynamic and hematological indexes, and protect RV against structural maladaptive remodeling in the HPH rats. These findings demonstrated that Tsantan Sumtang protects the function of RV in HPH rats. The antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties of Tsantan Sumtang may be responsible for inhibiting the ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanting Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Haixia Sun
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ke Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Guoen Jin
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
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9
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Gai X, Lin P, He Y, Lu D, Li Z, Liang Y, Ma Y, Cairang N, Zuo M, Bao Y, Gazang Z, Wu X. Echinacoside prevents hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by regulating the pulmonary artery function. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:237-244. [PMID: 33070843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a progressive and irreversible disease that reduces survival. Echinacoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside from Tibetan herbs known for its vasorelaxant effect and for inhibiting the proliferation of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of echinacoside on HPH. Sprague Dawley rats were housed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber (4500 m) for 28 days to obtain the HPH model. Echinacoside (3.75, 7.5, 15, 30 and 40 mg/kg) was administered by intraperitoneal injection from the 1st to the 28th day. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), right ventricular hypertrophy index, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell concentration and morphological change of pulmonary arteries were evaluated. Vascular perfusion assay was used to assess the pulmonary artery function. Echinacoside reduced mPAP, hemoglobin, hematocrit, right ventricular hypertrophy index and mean wall thickness% of pulmonary arteries in HPH rats. It significantly increased maximum vasoconstriction percentage of pulmonary arteries induced by noradrenaline in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it improved the responsiveness of pulmonary arteries to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Therefore, Echinacoside might be an effective treatment against HPH, since it regulated pulmonary artery endothelium and smooth muscle layer function and improved the remodeling of pulmonary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Gai
- School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China.
| | - Yanfeng He
- School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - Yongxin Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Nanjia Cairang
- School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Mingli Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Yi Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Zhaxi Gazang
- School of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
| | - Xuehua Wu
- People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China
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10
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Siques P, Brito J, Ordenes S, Pena E. Involvement of overweight and lipid metabolism in the development of pulmonary hypertension under conditions of chronic intermittent hypoxia. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:42-49. [PMID: 33110496 PMCID: PMC7557786 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020930626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that exposure to hypoxia, regardless of the source,
elicits several metabolic responses in individuals. These responses are
constitutive and are usually observed under hypoxia but vary according to the
type of exposure. The aim of this review was to describe the involvement of
obesity and lipid metabolism in the development of high-altitude pulmonary
hypertension and in the development of acute mountain sickness under chronic
intermittent hypoxia. Overweight or obesity, which are common in individuals
with long-term chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure (high-altitude miners,
shift workers, and soldiers), are thought to play a major role in the
development of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude pulmonary hypertension.
This association may be rooted in the interactions between obesity-related
metabolic and physical alterations, such as increased waist circumference and
neck circumference, among others, which lead to critical ventilation
impairments; these impairments aggravate hypoxemia at high altitude, thereby
triggering high-altitude diseases. Overweight and obesity are strongly
associated with higher mean pulmonary artery pressure in the context of
long-term chronic intermittent hypoxia. Remarkably, de novo synthesis of
triglycerides by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c pathway has
been demonstrated, mainly due to the upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1,
which is also associated with the same outcomes. Therefore, overweight, obesity,
and other metabolic conditions may hinder proper acclimatization. The involved
mechanisms include respiratory impairment, alteration of the nitric oxide
pathways, inflammatory status, reactive oxygen species imbalance, and other
metabolic changes; however, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Iquique (Chile)
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Iquique (Chile)
| | - Stefany Ordenes
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Iquique (Chile)
| | - Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Institute DECIPHER, German-Chilean Institute for Research on Pulmonary Hypoxia and its Health Sequelae, Iquique (Chile)
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11
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Dang Z, Su S, Jin G, Nan X, Ma L, Li Z, Lu D, Ge R. Tsantan Sumtang attenuated chronic hypoxia-induced right ventricular structure remodeling and fibrosis by equilibrating local ACE-AngII-AT1R/ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas axis in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112470. [PMID: 31862407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tsantan Sumtang, which consists of Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill, Myristica fragrans Houtt and Santalum album L, is a traditional and common prescription of Tibetan medicine. Tsantan Sumtang originates from Four Tantra with properties of nourishing heart and has been used as a folk medicine for cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in Qinghai, Tibet and Inner Mongolia. Our previous studies found that Tsantan Sumtang showed beneficial effects on right ventricular structure in hypoxia rats, while the underling mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Tsantan Sumtang attenuated right ventricular (RV) remodeling and fibrosis of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (170 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into control group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang groups (1.0 g· kg-1·day-1, 1.25 g· kg-1·day-1, 1.5 g ·kg-1·day-1). Rats in the hypoxia group and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang groups were maintained in a hypobaric chamber by adjusting the inner pressure and oxygen content to simulate an altitude of 4500 m for 28 days. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI), the ratio of RV weight to tibia length (TL) (RV/TL), heart rate (HR) and RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was determined. Histomorphological assay of RV structure was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. RV tissue fibrosis was assessed by collagen proportion area (CPA), collagen I, collagen III and hydroxyproline content. CPA was obtained by picro-sirius red staining (PSR). The expression of collagen I and collagen III were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The hydroxyproline content was detected by alkaline hydrolysis. In addition, the level of angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) in RV tissue was tested by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), AngII, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Mas receptor (Mas) were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. mRNA level of ACE, AT1R, ACE2, Mas were tested by qPCR. The chemical profile of Tsantan Sumtang was revealed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that RVHI, RV/TL and RVSP were significantly increased in HPAH rat. Furthermore, levels of collagen I, collagen III and hydroxyproline were up-regulated in RV tissue under hypoxia. We found that RV hypertrophy and fibrosis were associated with increased expression of ACE, AngII, AT1R as well as decreased expression of ACE2, Ang1-7 and Mas. RV remodeling and fibrosis were attenuated after Tsantan Sumtang administration by up-regulating ACE2 and Mas level as well as down-regulating ACE, AngII and AT1R levels in RV tissue. 35 constituents in Tsantan Sumtang were identified. CONCLUSION Tsantan Sumtang attenuated RV remodeling and fibrosis in rat exposed to chronic hypoxia. The pharmacological effect of Tsantan Sumtang was based on equilibrating ACE-AngII-AT1R and ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas axis of RV tissue in HPAH rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhancui Dang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs District, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810003, China
| | - Guoen Jin
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Rili Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
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