PIM1, CYP1B1, and HSPA2 Targeted by Quercetin Play Important Roles in Osteoarthritis Treatment by Achyranthes bidentata

Integrated comparison of the mRNAome in cartilage, synovium, and macrophages in osteoarthritis

The precise molecular mechanisms associated with osteoarthritis (OA), the most common musculoskeletal disorder, are poorly understood. There are currently no effective treatments to prevent the initiation and progression of the disease. In recent years, the development of mRNAome has made it possible to identify new mechanisms and therapeutic targets. However, the differentially expressed genes screened by different microarrays are not completely the same. In order to avoid this shortcoming, we integrate the different genes from different tissues and data sets, and select the commonly expressed genes for further studies.

Mechanistic prospective and pharmacological attributes of quercetin in attenuation of different types of arthritis

Arthritis is a frequent autoimmune disease with undefined etiology and pathogenesis. Scientific community constantly fascinating quercetin (QUR), as it is the best-known flavonoid among others for curative and preventive properties against a wide range of diseases. Due to its multifaceted activities, the implementation of QUR against various types of arthritis namely, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), gouty arthritis (GA) and psoriotic arthritis (PsA) has greatly increased in recent years. Many research evidenced that QUR regulates a wide range of pathways for instance NF-κB, MAK, Wnt/β-catenine, Notch, etc., that are majorly associated with the inflammatory mechanisms. Besides, the bioavailability of QUR is a major constrain to its therapeutic potential, and drug delivery techniques have experienced significant development to overcome the problem of its limited application. Hence, this review compiled the cutting-edge experiments on versatile effects of QUR on inflammatory diseases like RA, OA, GA and PsA, sources and bioavailability, therapeutic challenges, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies as well as toxicological impacts. The use of QUR in a health context would offer a tearing and potential therapeutic method, supporting the advancement of public health, particularly, of arthritic patients worldwide.

Bioinformatics gene analysis of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of osteoarthritis associated myelodysplastic syndrome

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) and Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are diseases caused by the same immune disorder with unclear etiology and many similarities in clinical manifestations; however, the specific mechanisms between osteoarthritis and myelodysplastic syndrome are unclear.

Methods: The expression profile microarrays of osteoarthritis and myelodysplastic syndrome were searched in the GEO database, the intersection of their differential genes was taken, Venn diagrams were constructed to find common pathogenic genes, bioinformatics analysis signaling pathway analysis was performed on the obtained genes, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to find hub genes in order to establish diagnostic models for each disease and explore the immune infiltration of hub genes.

Results: 52 co-pathogenic genes were screened for association with immune regulation, immune response, and inflammation. The mean area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for all 10 genes used for co-causal diagnosis ranged from 0.71–0.81. Immune cell infiltration analysis in the myelodysplastic syndrome subgroup showed that the relative numbers of Macrophages M1, B cells memory, and T cells CD4 memory resting in the myelodysplastic syndrome group were significantly different from the normal group, however, in the osteoarthritis subgroup the relative numbers of Mast cells resting in the osteoarthritis subgroup was significantly different from the normal group.

Conclusion: There are common pathogenic genes in osteoarthritis and myelodysplastic syndrome, which in turn mediate differential alterations in related signaling pathways and immune cells, affecting the high prevalence of osteoarthritis and myelodysplastic syndrome and the two disease phenomena.

Study on the Influencing Factors of Osteoarthritis in Southern China

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease with numerous and interacting influencing factors, and current inadequate patient perceptions and behaviors in access to care contribute to the difficulties in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of osteoarthritis.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of osteoarthritis (OA) in a southern Chinese population and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of OA.

Methods

A 1 : 2 matched case-control study was used to select 160 patients with OA from three hospitals in southern China as a case group. Three hundred and twenty cases of the same sex and similar age (within ± 2 years) were selected as the control group, and relevant data were collected for univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis.

Results

There were no significant differences between the two groups of participants in terms of age, sex, and education (P > 0.05). Logistic regression statistical analysis showed that genetic factors (OR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.56-7.83), body mass index (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.16-5.84), alcohol consumption (OR = 3.81, 95% CI = 1.53-5.87), and a history of external joint limb injury (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.67-5.24) would increase the risk of OA. In contrast, eating more fresh vegetables (OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.03-0.31), more fresh fruits (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.12-0.96), more soy products (OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.04-0.45), and exposure to sunlight (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14-0.71) would reduce the OA risk of OA.

Conclusion

Obesity, alcohol consumption, and a history of joint trauma all increase the risk of OA in a southern Chinese population, whereas a diet rich in fresh vegetables, fresh fruit, soy products, and sun exposure would reduce the risk of OA. In the future, we should focus on improving patients' awareness of medical care and developing their self-management skills, improving GPs' treatment skills, improving negative attitudes of both doctors and patients, and promoting positive patient care.

Botanical Drug Extracts Combined With Biomaterial Carriers for Osteoarthritis Cartilage Degeneration Treatment: A Review of 10 Years of Research

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term chronic arthrosis disease which is usually characterized by pain, swelling, joint stiffness, reduced range of motion, and other clinical manifestations and even results in disability in severe cases. The main pathological manifestation of OA is the degeneration of cartilage. However, due to the special physiological structure of the cartilage, once damaged, it is unable to repair itself, which is one of the challenges of treating OA clinically. Abundant studies have reported the application of cartilage tissue engineering in OA cartilage repair. Among them, cell combined with biological carrier implantation has unique advantages. However, cell senescence, death and dedifferentiation are some problems when cultured in vitro. Botanical drug remedies for OA have a long history in many countries in Asia. In fact, botanical drug extracts (BDEs) have great potential in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, and other properties, and many studies have confirmed their effects. BDEs combined with cartilage tissue engineering has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we will explain in detail how cartilage tissue engineering materials and BDEs play a role in cartilage repair, as well as the current research status.

The interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy: focus on the development of neurological diseases

Regarding the epidemiological studies, neurological dysfunctions caused by cerebral ischemia or neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) have been considered a pointed matter. Mount-up shreds of evidence support that both autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the commencement and progression of neurological diseases. Remarkably, oxidative stress prompted by an increase of ROS threatens cerebral integrity and improves the severity of other pathogenic agents such as mitochondrial damage in neuronal disturbances. Autophagy is anticipated as a cellular defending mode to combat cytotoxic substances and damage. The recent document proposes that the interrelation of autophagy and ROS creates a crucial function in controlling neuronal homeostasis. This review aims to overview the cross-talk among autophagy and oxidative stress and its molecular mechanisms in various neurological diseases to prepare new perceptions into a new treatment for neurological disorders. Furthermore, natural/synthetic agents entailed in modulation/regulation of this ambitious cross-talk are described.

Emerging Natural-Product-Based Treatments for the Management of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex degenerative disease in which joint homeostasis is disrupted, leading to synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and resulting in pain and joint disability. Yet, the development of new treatment strategies to restore the equilibrium of the osteoarthritic joint remains a challenge. Numerous studies have revealed that dietary components and/or natural products have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bone-resorption, and anabolic potential and have received much attention toward the development of new therapeutic strategies for OA treatment. In the present review, we provide an overview of current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management by drawing attention to experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical models. Herein, we review current and emerging natural-product-based research treatments for OA management.

A Systematic Pharmacology and In Vitro Study to Identify the Role of the Active Compounds of Achyranthes bidentata in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Backgrounds

Achyranthes bidentata is a Chinese traditional herbal medicine widely used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to identify active compounds from Achyranthes bidentata through systematic pharmacology and in vitro experiments to find the targets of Achyranthes bidentata in the treatment of OA.

Material/Methods

We screened the active compounds of Achyranthes bidentata from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Then, we used STITCH and Open Targets Platform databases to screen the active components and predict the potential targets of Achyranthes bidentata in the treatment of OA. Subsequently, we studied the compound-target network and protein interaction network and analyzed the enrichment of potential target proteins. Finally, we used Western blot analysis to verify the therapeutic effect of Achyranthes bidentata extract on the expression of OA-related target proteins.

Results

There were 7 active components in Achyranthes bidentata, which were strongly related to the 74 targets of OA. Quercetin, baicalein, and berberine are the critical active compounds of Achyranthes bidentata in the treatment of OA. Protein interaction analysis and in vitro experiments suggested that TNF, IL-6, and TP53 are the critical targets of Achyranthes bidentata in the treatment of OA. Functional enrichment analysis showed that Achyranthes bidentata plays a pharmacological role in OA through apoptosis, inflammation, and immune regulation.

Conclusions

Quercetin, baicalein, and berberine are the critical active compounds of Achyranthes bidentata in the treatment of OA. TNF, IL-6, and TP53 may be potential targets for the treatment of OA.