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Shu WC, Jackson MB. Intrinsic and Synaptic Contributions to Repetitive Spiking in Dentate Granule Cells. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0716232024. [PMID: 38503495 PMCID: PMC11063872 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0716-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive firing of granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) facilitates synaptic transmission to the CA3 region. This facilitation can gate and amplify the flow of information through the hippocampus. High-frequency bursts in the DG are linked to behavior and plasticity, but GCs do not readily burst. Under normal conditions, a single shock to the perforant path in a hippocampal slice typically drives a GC to fire a single spike, and only occasionally more than one spike is seen. Repetitive spiking in GCs is not robust, and the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we used a hybrid genetically encoded voltage sensor to image voltage changes evoked by cortical inputs in many mature GCs simultaneously in hippocampal slices from male and female mice. This enabled us to study relatively infrequent double and triple spikes. We found GCs are relatively homogeneous and their double spiking behavior is cell autonomous. Blockade of GABA type A receptors increased multiple spikes and prolonged the interspike interval, indicating inhibitory interneurons limit repetitive spiking and set the time window for successive spikes. Inhibiting synaptic glutamate release showed that recurrent excitation mediated by hilar mossy cells contributes to, but is not necessary for, multiple spiking. Blockade of T-type Ca2+ channels did not reduce multiple spiking but prolonged interspike intervals. Imaging voltage changes in different GC compartments revealed that second spikes can be initiated in either dendrites or somata. Thus, pharmacological and biophysical experiments reveal roles for both synaptic circuitry and intrinsic excitability in GC repetitive spiking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Shu
- Department of Neuroscience and Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Meyer B Jackson
- Department of Neuroscience and Biophysics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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Alcantara-Gonzalez D, Kennedy M, Criscuolo C, Botterill J, Scharfman HE. Increased excitability of dentate gyrus mossy cells occurs early in life in the Tg2576 model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579729. [PMID: 38645244 PMCID: PMC11027210 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) emerge early and contribute to disease progression. The dentate gyrus (DG) is implicated in hyperexcitability in AD. We hypothesized that mossy cells (MCs), regulators of DG excitability, contribute to early hyperexcitability in AD. Indeed, MCs generate hyperexcitability in epilepsy. METHODS Using the Tg2576 model and WT mice (∼1month-old), we compared MCs electrophysiologically, assessed c-Fos activity marker, Aβ expression and mice performance in a hippocampal-dependent memory task. RESULTS Tg2576 MCs exhibit increased spontaneous excitatory events and decreased inhibitory currents, increasing the charge transfer excitation/inhibition ratio. Tg2576 MC intrinsic excitability was enhanced, and showed higher c-Fos, intracellular Aβ expression, and axon sprouting. Granule cells only showed changes in synaptic properties, without intrinsic changes. The effects occurred before a memory task is affected. DISCUSSION Early electrophysiological and morphological alterations in Tg2576 MCs are consistent with enhanced excitability, suggesting an early role in DG hyperexcitability and AD pathophysiology. HIGHLIGHTS ∘ MCs from 1 month-old Tg2576 mice had increased spontaneous excitatory synaptic input. ∘ Tg2576 MCs had reduced spontaneous inhibitory synaptic input. ∘ Several intrinsic properties were abnormal in Tg2576 MCs. ∘ Tg2576 GCs had enhanced synaptic excitation but no changes in intrinsic properties. ∘ Tg2576 MCs exhibited high c-Fos expression, soluble Aβ and axonal sprouting.
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Grigoryan G, Harada H, Knobloch-Bollmann HS, Kilias A, Kaufhold D, Kulik A, Eyre MD, Bartos M. Synaptic plasticity at the dentate gyrus granule cell to somatostatin-expressing interneuron synapses supports object location memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2312752120. [PMID: 38091292 PMCID: PMC10742375 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312752120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SOMIs) in the mouse dentate gyrus (DG) receive feedforward excitation from granule cell (GC) mossy fiber (MF) synapses and provide feedback lateral inhibition onto GC dendrites to support environment representation in the DG network. Although this microcircuitry has been implicated in memory formation, little is known about activity-dependent plastic changes at MF-SOMI synapses and their influence on behavior. Here, we report that the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α (mGluR1α) is required for the induction of associative long-term potentiation (LTP) at MF-SOMI synapses. Pharmacological block of mGluR1α, but not mGluR5, prevented synaptic weight changes. LTP at MF-SOMI synapses was postsynaptically induced, required increased intracellular Ca2+, involved G-protein-mediated and Ca2+-dependent (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) ERK1/2 pathways, and the activation of NMDA receptors. Specific knockdown of mGluR1α in DG-SOMIs by small hairpin RNA expression prevented MF-SOMI LTP, reduced SOMI recruitment, and impaired object location memory. Thus, postsynaptic mGluR1α-mediated MF-plasticity at SOMI input synapses critically supports DG-dependent mnemonic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Grigoryan
- Laboratory of Systems & Cellular Neuroscience, Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Harumi Harada
- Molecular Physiology, Institute for Physiology II, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - H. Sophie Knobloch-Bollmann
- Laboratory of Systems & Cellular Neuroscience, Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Antje Kilias
- Laboratory of Systems & Cellular Neuroscience, Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Dorthe Kaufhold
- Laboratory of Systems & Cellular Neuroscience, Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Akos Kulik
- Molecular Physiology, Institute for Physiology II, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Mark D. Eyre
- Laboratory of Systems & Cellular Neuroscience, Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Laboratory of Systems & Cellular Neuroscience, Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg79104, Germany
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Bakalar D, Gavrilova O, Jiang SZ, Zhang HY, Roy S, Williams SK, Liu N, Wisser S, Usdin TB, Eiden LE. Constitutive and conditional deletion reveals distinct phenotypes driven by developmental versus neurotransmitter actions of the neuropeptide PACAP. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13286. [PMID: 37309259 PMCID: PMC10620107 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides may exert trophic effects during development, and then neurotransmitter roles in the developed nervous system. One way to associate peptide-deficiency phenotypes with either role is first to assess potential phenotypes in so-called constitutive knockout mice, and then proceed to specify, regionally and temporally, where and when neuropeptide expression is required to prevent these phenotypes. We have previously demonstrated that the well-known constellation of behavioral and metabolic phenotypes associated with constitutive pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) knockout mice are accompanied by transcriptomic alterations of two types: those that distinguish the PACAP-null phenotype from wild-type (WT) in otherwise quiescent mice (cPRGs), and gene induction that occurs in response to acute environmental perturbation in WT mice that do not occur in knockout mice (aPRGs). Comparing constitutive PACAP knockout mice to a variety of temporally and regionally specific PACAP knockouts, we show that the prominent hyperlocomotor phenotype is a consequence of early loss of PACAP expression, is associated with Fos overexpression in hippocampus and basal ganglia, and that a thermoregulatory effect previously shown to be mediated by PACAP-expressing neurons of medial preoptic hypothalamus is independent of PACAP expression in those neurons in adult mice. In contrast, PACAP dependence of weight loss/hypophagia triggered by restraint stress, seen in constitutive PACAP knockout mice, is phenocopied in mice in which PACAP is deleted after neuronal differentiation. Our results imply that PACAP has a prominent role as a trophic factor early in development determining global central nervous system characteristics, and in addition a second, discrete set of functions as a neurotransmitter in the fully developed nervous system that support physiological and psychological responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Bakalar
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Heath - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney Disease- Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunny Z Jiang
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Heath - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hai-Ying Zhang
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Heath - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Snehashis Roy
- Systems Neuroscience Imaging Resource, National Institute of Mental Heath - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah K Williams
- Systems Neuroscience Imaging Resource, National Institute of Mental Heath - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney Disease- Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen Wisser
- Systems Neuroscience Imaging Resource, National Institute of Mental Heath - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ted B Usdin
- Systems Neuroscience Imaging Resource, National Institute of Mental Heath - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lee E Eiden
- Section on Molecular Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Heath - Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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McDermott KD, Frechou MA, Jordan JT, Martin SS, Gonçalves JT. Delayed formation of neural representations of space in aged mice. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13924. [PMID: 37491802 PMCID: PMC10497831 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive deficits, with spatial memory being very susceptible to decline. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is important for processing spatial information in the brain and is particularly vulnerable to aging, yet its sparse activity has led to difficulties in assessing changes in this area. Using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we compared DG neuronal activity and representations of space in young and aged mice walking on an unfamiliar treadmill. We found that calcium activity was significantly higher and less tuned to location in aged mice, resulting in decreased spatial information encoded in the DG. However, with repeated exposure to the same treadmill, both spatial tuning and information levels in aged mice became similar to young mice, while activity remained elevated. Our results show that spatial representations of novel environments are impaired in the aged hippocampus and gradually improve with increased familiarity. Moreover, while the aged DG is hyperexcitable, this does not disrupt neural representations of familiar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey D. McDermott
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - M. Agustina Frechou
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Jake T. Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Sunaina S. Martin
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - J. Tiago Gonçalves
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and Gottesmann Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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Borzello M, Ramirez S, Treves A, Lee I, Scharfman H, Stark C, Knierim JJ, Rangel LM. Assessments of dentate gyrus function: discoveries and debates. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:502-517. [PMID: 37316588 PMCID: PMC10529488 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable speculation regarding the function of the dentate gyrus (DG) - a subregion of the mammalian hippocampus - in learning and memory. In this Perspective article, we compare leading theories of DG function. We note that these theories all critically rely on the generation of distinct patterns of activity in the region to signal differences between experiences and to reduce interference between memories. However, these theories are divided by the roles they attribute to the DG during learning and recall and by the contributions they ascribe to specific inputs or cell types within the DG. These differences influence the information that the DG is thought to impart to downstream structures. We work towards a holistic view of the role of DG in learning and memory by first developing three critical questions to foster a dialogue between the leading theories. We then evaluate the extent to which previous studies address our questions, highlight remaining areas of conflict, and suggest future experiments to bridge these theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Borzello
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steve Ramirez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Inah Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Helen Scharfman
- Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology and Psychiatry and the Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Craig Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James J Knierim
- Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lara M Rangel
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Oyaga MR, Serra I, Kurup D, Koekkoek SKE, Badura A. Delay eyeblink conditioning performance and brain-wide c-Fos expression in male and female mice. Open Biol 2023; 13:220121. [PMID: 37161289 PMCID: PMC10170203 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Delay eyeblink conditioning has been extensively used to study associative learning and the cerebellar circuits underlying this task have been largely identified. However, there is a little knowledge on how factors such as strain, sex and innate behaviour influence performance during this type of learning. In this study, we used male and female mice of C57BL/6J (B6) and B6CBAF1 strains to investigate the effect of sex, strain and locomotion in delay eyeblink conditioning. We performed a short and a long delay eyeblink conditioning paradigm and used a c-Fos immunostaining approach to explore the involvement of different brain areas in this task. We found that both B6 and B6CBAF1 females reach higher learning scores compared to males in the initial stages of learning. This sex-dependent difference was no longer present as the learning progressed. Moreover, we found a strong positive correlation between learning scores and voluntary locomotion irrespective of the training duration. c-Fos immunostainings after the short paradigm showed positive correlations between c-Fos expression and learning scores in the cerebellar cortex and brainstem, as well as previously unreported areas. By contrast, after the long paradigm, c-Fos expression was only significantly elevated in the brainstem. Taken together, we show that differences in voluntary locomotion and activity across brain areas correlate with performance in delay eyeblink conditioning across strains and sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Roa Oyaga
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ines Serra
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Devika Kurup
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Aleksandra Badura
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands
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Lutzu S, Alviña K, Puente N, Grandes P, Castillo PE. Target cell-specific plasticity rules of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1068472. [PMID: 37091922 PMCID: PMC10113460 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1068472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation and depression of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission (NMDAR LTP/LTD) can significantly impact synapse function and information transfer in several brain areas. However, the mechanisms that determine the direction of NMDAR plasticity are poorly understood. Here, using physiologically relevant patterns of presynaptic and postsynaptic burst activities, whole-cell patch clamp recordings, 2-photon laser calcium imaging in acute rat hippocampal slices and immunoelectron microscopy, we tested whether distinct calcium dynamics and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (I-mGluR) subtypes control the sign of NMDAR plasticity. We found that postsynaptic calcium transients (CaTs) in response to hippocampal MF stimulation were significantly larger during the induction of NMDAR-LTP compared to NMDAR-LTD at the MF-to-CA3 pyramidal cell (MF-CA3) synapse. This difference was abolished by pharmacological blockade of mGluR5 and was significantly reduced by depletion of intracellular calcium stores, whereas blocking mGluR1 had no effect on these CaTs. In addition, we discovered that MF to hilar mossy cell (MF-MC) synapses, which share several structural and functional commonalities with MF-CA3 synapses, also undergoes NMDAR plasticity. To our surprise, however, we found that the postsynaptic distribution of I-mGluR subtypes at these two synapses differ, and the same induction protocol that induces NMDAR-LTD at MF-CA3 synapses, only triggered NMDAR-LTP at MF-MC synapses, despite a comparable calcium dynamics. Thus, postsynaptic calcium dynamics alone cannot predict the sign of NMDAR plasticity, indicating that both postsynaptic calcium rise and the relative contribution of I-mGluR subtypes likely determine the learning rules of NMDAR plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lutzu
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Karina Alviña
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Pablo E. Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Pablo E. Castillo,
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Jiang YK, Dong FY, Dong YB, Zhu XY, Pan LH, Hu LB, Xu L, Xu XF, Xu LM, Zhang XQ. Lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part, and dentate gyrus are necessary for spatial and object recognition memory, respectively, in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1139737. [PMID: 37064302 PMCID: PMC10102498 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1139737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCognitive impairment includes the abnormality of learning, memory and judgment, resulting in severe learning and memory impairment and social activity impairment, which greatly affects the life quality of individuals. However, the specific mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in different behavioral paradigms remain to be elucidated.MethodsThe study utilized two behavioral paradigms, novel location recognition (NLR) and novel object recognition (NOR), to investigate the brain regions involved in cognitive function. These tests comprised two phases: mice were presented with two identical objects for familiarization during the training phase, and a novel (experiment) or familiar (control) object/location was presented during testing. Immunostaining quantification of c-Fos, an immediate early gene used as a neuronal activity marker, was performed in eight different brain regions after the NLR or NOR test.ResultsThe number of c-Fos-positive cells was significantly higher in the dorsal part of the lateral septal nucleus (LSD) in the NLR and dentate gyrus (DG) in the NOR experiment group than in the control group. We further bilaterally lesioned these regions using excitotoxic ibotenic acid and replenished the damaged areas using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) strategy.DiscussionThese data reinforced the importance of LSD and DG in regulating spatial and object recognition memory, respectively. Thus, the study provides insight into the roles of these brain regions and suggests potential intervention targets for impaired spatial and object recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ke Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei-Yuan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Bei Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Hui Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin-Bo Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Min Xu
- Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Li-Min Xu,
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qin Zhang,
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Cinalli DA, Cohen SJ, Calubag M, Oz G, Zhou L, Stackman RW. DREADD-inactivation of dorsal CA1 pyramidal neurons in mice impairs retrieval of object and spatial memories. Hippocampus 2023; 33:6-17. [PMID: 36468186 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus, a medial temporal lobe brain region, is critical for the consolidation of information from short-term memory into long-term episodic memory and for spatial memory that enables navigation. Hippocampal damage in humans has been linked to amnesia and memory loss, characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Numerous studies indicate that the rodent hippocampus contributes significantly to long-term memory for spatial and nonspatial information. For example, muscimol-induced depression of CA1 neuronal activity in the dorsal hippocampus impairs the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of nonspatial object memory in mice. Here, a chemogenetic designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) approach was used to test the selective involvement of CA1 pyramidal neurons in memory retrieval for objects and for spatial location in a cohort of male C57BL/6J mice. Activation of the inhibitory (hM4Di) DREADDs receptor expressed in CA1 neurons significantly impaired the retrieval of object memory in the spontaneous object recognition task and of spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Silencing of CA1 neuronal activity in hM4Di-expressing mice was confirmed by comparing Fos expression in vehicle- and clozapine-N-oxide-treated mice after exploration of a novel environment. Histological analyses revealed that expression of the hM4Di receptor was limited to CA1 neurons of the dorsal hippocampus. These results suggest that a common subset of CA1 neurons (i.e., those expressing hM4Di receptors) in mouse hippocampus contributed to the retrieval of long-term memory for nonspatial and spatial information. Our findings support the view that the contribution of the rodent hippocampus is like that of the primate hippocampus, specifically essential for global memory. Our results further validate mice as a suitable model system to study the neurobiological mechanisms of human episodic memory, but also in developing treatments and understanding the underlying causes of diseases affecting long-term memory, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cinalli
- Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah J Cohen
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, John D. MacArthur Campus, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Mariah Calubag
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Goksu Oz
- Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.,Florida Atlantic University and Max Planck Florida Institute Joint Integrative Biology - Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA.,International Max Planck Research School for Synapses and Circuits, Florida Atlantic University and Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Lylybell Zhou
- Alexander W. Dreyfoos High School of the Arts, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Robert W Stackman
- Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.,Jupiter Life Science Initiative, John D. MacArthur Campus, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA.,Florida Atlantic University and Max Planck Florida Institute Joint Integrative Biology - Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA.,International Max Planck Research School for Synapses and Circuits, Florida Atlantic University and Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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Gioia R, Seri T, Diamanti T, Fimmanò S, Vitale M, Ahlenius H, Kokaia Z, Tirone F, Micheli L, Biagioni S, Lupo G, Rinaldi A, De Jaco A, Cacci E. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and social behavioural deficits in the R451C Neuroligin3 mouse model of autism are reverted by the antidepressant fluoxetine. J Neurochem 2022; 165:318-333. [PMID: 36583243 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuron generation persists throughout life in the hippocampus but is altered in animal models of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, suggesting that disease-associated decline in cognitive and emotional hippocampal-dependent behaviours might be functionally linked with dysregulation of postnatal neurogenesis. Depletion of the adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPCs) pool and neurogenic decline have been recently described in mice expressing synaptic susceptibility genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASDs). To gain further insight into mechanisms regulating neurogenesis in mice carrying mutations in synaptic genes related to monogenic ASDs, we used the R451C Neuroligin3 knock-in (Nlgn3 KI) mouse, which is characterized by structural brain abnormalities, deficits in synaptic functions and reduced sociability. We show that the number of adult-born neurons, but not the size of the NSPC pool, was reduced in the ventral dentate gyrus in knock-in mice. Notably, this neurogenic decline was rescued by daily injecting mice with 10 mg/Kg of the antidepressant fluoxetine for 20 consecutive days. Sustained treatment also improved KI mice's sociability and increased the number of c-Fos active adult-born neurons, compared with vehicle-injected KI mice. Our study uncovers neurogenesis-mediated alterations in the brain of R451C KI mouse, showing that the R451C Nlgn3 mutation leads to lasting, albeit pharmacologically reversible, changes in the brain, affecting neuron formation in the adult hippocampus. Our results suggest that fluoxetine can ameliorate social behaviour in KI mice, at least in part, by rescuing adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may be relevant for the pharmacological treatment of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Gioia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Seri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- PhD program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tamara Diamanti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fimmanò
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Vitale
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Biagioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Rinaldi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Research in Neurobiology "D. Bovet", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella De Jaco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Research in Neurobiology "D. Bovet", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cacci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Research in Neurobiology "D. Bovet", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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12
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Steiner A, Owen BM, Bauer JP, Seanez L, Kwon S, Biddinger JE, Huffman R, Ayala JE, Nobis WP, Lewis AS. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor differentially controls mossy cell activity across the dentate gyrus longitudinal axis. Hippocampus 2022; 32:797-807. [PMID: 36063105 PMCID: PMC9675713 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of dentate gyrus (DG) mossy cells (MCs) in learning and memory has rapidly evolved due to increasingly precise methods for targeting MCs and for in vivo recording and activity manipulation in rodents. These studies have shown MCs are highly active in vivo, strongly remap to contextual manipulation, and that their inhibition or hyperactivation impairs pattern separation and location or context discrimination. Less well understood is how MC activity is modulated by neurohormonal mechanisms, which might differentially control the participation of MCs in cognitive functions during discrete states, such as hunger or satiety. In this study, we demonstrate that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a neuropeptide produced in the gut and the brain that regulates food consumption and hippocampal-dependent mnemonic function, might regulate MC function through expression of its receptor, GLP-1R. RNA-seq demonstrated that most, though not all, Glp1r in hippocampal principal neurons is expressed in MCs, and in situ hybridization revealed strong expression of Glp1r in hilar neurons. Glp1r-ires-Cre mice crossed with Ai14D reporter mice followed by co-labeling for the MC marker GluR2/3 revealed that almost all MCs in the ventral DG expressed Glp1r and that almost all Glp1r-expressing hilar neurons were MCs. However, only ~60% of dorsal DG MCs expressed Glp1r, and Glp1r was also expressed in small hilar neurons that were not MCs. Consistent with this expression pattern, peripheral administration of the GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 (5 μg/kg) increased cFos expression in ventral but not dorsal DG hilar neurons. Finally, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from ventral MCs showed that bath application of exendin-4 (200 nM) depolarized MCs and increased action potential firing. Taken together, this study adds to known MC activity modulators a neurohormonal mechanism that may preferentially affect ventral DG physiology and may potentially be targetable by several GLP-1R pharmacotherapies already in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Owen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James P. Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leann Seanez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sam Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica E. Biddinger
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ragan Huffman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julio E. Ayala
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William P. Nobis
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan S. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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13
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Schmidt CC, Zheng F, Alzheimer C. Activin A regulates the excitability of hippocampal mossy cells. Hippocampus 2022; 32:401-410. [PMID: 35301773 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mossy cells (MCs) in the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) receive increasing attention as a major player controlling information processing in the DG network. Furthermore, disturbed MC activity has been implicated in widespread neuropsychiatric disorders such as epilepsy and major depression. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from MCs in acute hippocampal slices from wild type and transgenic mice, we demonstrate that activin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, has a strong neuromodulatory effect on MC activity. Disruption of activin receptor signaling reduced MC firing, dampened their excitatory input and augmented their inhibitory input. By contrast, acute application of recombinant activin A strongly increased MC activity and promoted excitatory synaptic drive. Notably, similar changes of MC activity have been observed in a rodent model of depression and after antidepressant drug therapy, respectively. Given that a rise in activin signaling particularly in the DG has been proposed as a mechanism of antidepressant action, our data suggest that the effect of activin on MC excitability might make a considerable contribution in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C Schmidt
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fang Zheng
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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GoodSmith D, Kim SH, Puliyadi V, Ming GL, Song H, Knierim JJ, Christian KM. Flexible encoding of objects and space in single cells of the dentate gyrus. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1088-1101.e5. [PMID: 35108522 PMCID: PMC8930604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is involved in the formation of memories that require associations among stimuli to construct representations of space and the items and events within that space. Neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG), an initial input region of the hippocampus, have robust spatial tuning, but it is unclear how nonspatial information may be integrated with spatial activity in this region. We recorded from the DG of 21 adult mice as they foraged for food in an environment that contained discrete objects. We found DG cells with multiple firing fields at a fixed distance and direction from objects (landmark vector cells) and cells that exhibited localized changes in spatial firing when objects in the environment were manipulated. By classifying recorded DG cells into putative dentate granule cells and mossy cells, we examined how the addition or displacement of objects affected the spatial firing of these DG cell types. Object-related activity was detected in a significant proportion of mossy cells. Although few granule cells with responses to object manipulations were recorded, likely because of the sparse nature of granule cell firing, there was generally no significant difference in the proportion of granule cells and mossy cells with object responses. When mice explored a second environment with the same objects, DG spatial maps completely reorganized, and a different subset of cells responded to object manipulations. Together, these data reveal the capacity of DG cells to detect small changes in the environment while preserving a stable spatial representation of the overall context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas GoodSmith
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vyash Puliyadi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - James J Knierim
- Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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15
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Wang KY, Wu JW, Cheng JK, Chen CC, Wong WY, Averkin RG, Tamás G, Nakazawa K, Lien CC. Elevation of hilar mossy cell activity suppresses hippocampal excitability and avoidance behavior. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109702. [PMID: 34525354 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) excitability regulates anxiety. In the DG, glutamatergic mossy cells (MCs) receive the excitatory drive from principal granule cells (GCs) and mediate the feedback excitation and inhibition of GCs. However, the circuit mechanism by which MCs regulate anxiety-related information routing through hippocampal circuits remains unclear. Moreover, the correlation between MC activity and anxiety states is unclear. In this study, we first demonstrate, by means of calcium fiber photometry, that MC activity in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) of mice increases while they explore anxiogenic environments. Next, juxtacellular recordings reveal that optogenetic activation of MCs preferentially recruits GABAergic neurons, thereby suppressing GCs and ventral CA1 neurons. Finally, chemogenetic excitation of MCs in the vHPC reduces avoidance behaviors in both healthy and anxious mice. These results not only indicate an anxiolytic role of MCs but also suggest that MCs may be a potential therapeutic target for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yi Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Wei Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 252, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | | | - Wai-Yi Wong
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Robert G Averkin
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tamás
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Kazu Nakazawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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16
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Ma Y, Bayguinov PO, McMahon SM, Scharfman HE, Jackson MB. Direct synaptic excitation between hilar mossy cells revealed with a targeted voltage sensor. Hippocampus 2021; 31:1215-1232. [PMID: 34478219 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus not only gates the flow of information into the hippocampus, it also integrates and processes this information. Mossy cells (MCs) are a major type of excitatory neuron strategically located in the hilus of the dentate gyrus where they can contribute to this processing through networks of synapses with inhibitory neurons and dentate granule cells. Some prior work has suggested that MCs can form excitatory synapses with other MCs, but the role of these synapses in the network activity of the dentate gyrus has received little attention. Here, we investigated synaptic inputs to MCs in mouse hippocampal slices using a genetically encoded hybrid voltage sensor (hVOS) targeted to MCs by Cre-lox technology. This enabled optical recording of voltage changes from multiple MCs simultaneously. Stimulating granule cells and CA3 pyramidal cells activated well-established inputs to MCs and elicited synaptic responses as expected. However, the weak blockade of MC responses to granule cell layer stimulation by DCG-IV raised the possibility of another source of excitation. To evaluate synapses between MCs as this source, single MCs were stimulated focally. Stimulation of one MC above its action potential threshold evoked depolarizing responses in neighboring MCs that depended on glutamate receptors. Short latency responses of MCs to other MCs did not depend on release from granule cell axons. However, granule cells did contribute to the longer latency responses of MCs to stimulation of other MCs. Thus, MCs transmit their activity to other MCs both through direct synaptic coupling and through polysynaptic coupling with dentate granule cells. MC-MC synapses can redistribute information entering the dentate gyrus and thus shape and modulate the electrical activity underlying hippocampal functions such as navigation and memory, as well as excessive excitation during seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter O Bayguinov
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shane M McMahon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Helen E Scharfman
- New York University Langone Health and the Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New Jersey, USA
| | - Meyer B Jackson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Fredes F, Shigemoto R. The role of hippocampal mossy cells in novelty detection. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 183:107486. [PMID: 34214666 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
At the encounter with a novel environment, contextual memory formation is greatly enhanced, accompanied with increased arousal and active exploration. Although this phenomenon has been widely observed in animal and human daily life, how the novelty in the environment is detected and contributes to contextual memory formation has lately started to be unveiled. The hippocampus has been studied for many decades for its largely known roles in encoding spatial memory, and a growing body of evidence indicates a differential involvement of dorsal and ventral hippocampal divisions in novelty detection. In this brief review article, we discuss the recent findings of the role of mossy cells in the ventral hippocampal moiety in novelty detection and put them in perspective with other novelty-related pathways in the hippocampus. We propose a mechanism for novelty-driven memory acquisition in the dentate gyrus by the direct projection of ventral mossy cells to dorsal dentate granule cells. By this projection, the ventral hippocampus sends novelty signals to the dorsal hippocampus, opening a gate for memory encoding in dentate granule cells based on information coming from the entorhinal cortex. We conclude that, contrary to the presently accepted functional independence, the dorsal and ventral hippocampi cooperate to link the novelty and contextual information, and this dorso-ventral interaction is crucial for the novelty-dependent memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fredes
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Ale 6, Building 1182, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ryuichi Shigemoto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
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18
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Tartaglione AM, Farioli Vecchioli S, Giorgi MC, Cutuli D, Calamandrei G. Altered responsiveness to pups in virgin female mice of the BTBR strain: Insights from pattern of c-Fos expression in brain regions involved in maternal behavior. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113365. [PMID: 33992667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BTBR is an inbred mouse strain that displays several behavioral alterations resembling the core symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder, including deficit in sociability. In the present study, we investigated whether the pup-induced maternal behavior in virgin female mice, a naturally rewarding behavior, is impaired in this strain similarly to social interaction with adult conspecifics. We firstly assessed the maternal responsiveness towards newly born pups expressed by either virgin female mice of the BTBR strain or of the normo-social B6 strain. Next, we examined in both strains the expression of c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activity in selected brain areas involved in the regulation of maternal behavior in rodents including the olfactory bulb, the medial preoptic area and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We also examined the effects of pup presentation on oxytocinergic neurons of the PVN, the major brain site of synthesis of oxytocin, which has a pivotal role in facilitation of maternal response and social responsiveness in general. As a final step, we assessed the c-Fos expression pattern comparing the effect of exposure to pups with that induced by exposure to another social stimulus, focusing on other areas implicated in maternal responsiveness as well as in the affective component of social behavior such as pyriform cortex and central and basolateral amygdala. Our data showed that BTBR virgin females are less responsive to presentation of pups in comparison to B6, in parallel with lower activation of brain areas implicated in the maternal and social responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tartaglione
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - M C Giorgi
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - D Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Calamandrei
- Centre for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy.
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19
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Botterill JJ, Gerencer KJ, Vinod KY, Alcantara‐Gonzalez D, Scharfman HE. Dorsal and ventral mossy cells differ in their axonal projections throughout the dentate gyrus of the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus 2021; 31:522-539. [PMID: 33600026 PMCID: PMC8247909 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic hilar mossy cells (MCs) have axons that terminate both near and far from their cell body but stay within the DG, making synapses primarily in the molecular layer. The long-range axons are considered the primary projection, and extend throughout the DG ipsilateral to the soma, and project to the contralateral DG. The specificity of MC axons for the inner molecular layer (IML) has been considered to be a key characteristic of the DG. In the present study, we made the surprising finding that dorsal MC axons are an exception to this rule. We used two mouse lines that allow for Cre-dependent viral labeling of MCs and their axons: dopamine receptor D2 (Drd2-Cre) and calcitonin receptor-like receptor (Crlr-Cre). A single viral injection into the dorsal DG to label dorsal MCs resulted in labeling of MC axons in both the IML and middle molecular layer (MML). Interestingly, this broad termination of dorsal MC axons occurred throughout the septotemporal DG. In contrast, long-range axons of ventral MCs terminated in the IML, consistent with the literature. Taken together, these results suggest that dorsal and ventral MCs differ significantly in their axonal projections. Since MC projections in the ML are thought to terminate primarily on GCs, the results suggest a dorsal-ventral difference in MC activation of GCs. The surprising difference in dorsal and ventral MC projections should therefore be considered when evaluating dorsal-ventral differences in DG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Botterill
- Center for Dementia ResearchThe Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Kathleen J. Gerencer
- Center for Dementia ResearchThe Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - K. Yaragudri Vinod
- Department of Analytical PsychopharmacologyThe Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
- Emotional Brain InstituteThe Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology and Psychiatry and the New York University Neuroscience InstituteNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - David Alcantara‐Gonzalez
- Center for Dementia ResearchThe Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Helen E. Scharfman
- Center for Dementia ResearchThe Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology and Psychiatry and the New York University Neuroscience InstituteNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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20
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Lopatynska-Mazurek M, Pankowska A, Gibula-Tarlowska E, Pietura R, Kotlinska JH. Rapamycin Improves Recognition Memory and Normalizes Amino-Acids and Amines Levels in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period. Biomolecules 2021; 11:362. [PMID: 33673489 PMCID: PMC7997340 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/ threonine kinase, is implicated in synaptic plasticity by controlling protein synthesis. Research suggests that ethanol exposure during pregnancy alters the mTOR signaling pathway in the fetal hippocampus. Thus, we investigated the influence of pre-treatment with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, on the development of recognition memory deficits in adult rats that were neonatally exposed to ethanol. In the study, male and female rat pups received ethanol (5 g/kg/day) by intragastric intubation at postanatal day (PND 4-9), an equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy. Rapamycin (3 and 10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally before every ethanol administration. Short- and long-term recognition memory was assessed in the novel object recognition (NOR) task in adult (PND 59/60) rats. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were also evaluated to exclude the influence of such behavior on the outcome of the memory task. Moreover, the effects of rapamycin pre-treatment during neonatal ethanol exposure on the content of amino-acids and amines essential for the proper development of cognitive function in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was evaluated using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in male adult (PND 60) rats. Our results show the deleterious effect of ethanol given to neonatal rats on long-term recognition memory in adults. The effect was more pronounced in male rather than female rats. Rapamycin reversed this ethanol-induced memory impairment and normalized the levels of amino acids and amines in the DG. This suggests the involvement of mTORC1 in the deleterious effect of ethanol on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lopatynska-Mazurek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Anna Pankowska
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Radoslaw Pietura
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
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21
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McQuail JA, Dunn AR, Stern Y, Barnes CA, Kempermann G, Rapp PR, Kaczorowski CC, Foster TC. Cognitive Reserve in Model Systems for Mechanistic Discovery: The Importance of Longitudinal Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:607685. [PMID: 33551788 PMCID: PMC7859530 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.607685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review article is to provide a resource for longitudinal studies, using animal models, directed at understanding and modifying the relationship between cognition and brain structure and function throughout life. We propose that forthcoming longitudinal studies will build upon a wealth of knowledge gleaned from prior cross-sectional designs to identify early predictors of variability in cognitive function during aging, and characterize fundamental neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the vulnerability to, and the trajectory of, cognitive decline. Finally, we present examples of biological measures that may differentiate mechanisms of the cognitive reserve at the molecular, cellular, and network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. McQuail
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amy R. Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carol A. Barnes
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HZ), Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter R. Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Thomas C. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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22
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Bidirectional Regulation of Cognitive and Anxiety-like Behaviors by Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells in Male and Female Mice. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2475-2495. [PMID: 33472828 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1724-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is important for cognition and behavior. However, the circuits underlying these functions are unclear. DG mossy cells (MCs) are potentially important because of their excitatory synapses on the primary cell type, granule cells (GCs). However, MCs also activate GABAergic neurons, which inhibit GCs. We used viral delivery of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in mice to implement a gain- and loss-of-function study of MCs in diverse behaviors. Using this approach, manipulations of MCs could bidirectionally regulate behavior. The results suggest that inhibiting MCs can reduce anxiety-like behavior and improve cognitive performance. However, not all cognitive or anxiety-related behaviors were influenced, suggesting specific roles of MCs in some, but not all, types of cognition and anxiety. Notably, several behaviors showed sex-specific effects, with females often showing more pronounced effects than the males. We also used the immediate early gene c-Fos to address whether DREADDs bidirectionally regulated MC or GC activity. We confirmed excitatory DREADDs increased MC c-Fos. However, there was no change in GC c-Fos, consistent with MC activation leading to GABAergic inhibition of GCs. In contrast, inhibitory DREADDs led to a large increase in GC c-Fos, consistent with a reduction in MC excitation of GABAergic neurons, and reduced inhibition of GCs. Together, these results suggest that MCs regulate anxiety and cognition in specific ways. We also raise the possibility that cognitive performance may be improved by reducing anxiety.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dentate gyrus (DG) has many important cognitive roles as well as being associated with affective behavior. This study addressed how a glutamatergic DG cell type called mossy cells (MCs) contributes to diverse behaviors, which is timely because it is known that MCs regulate the activity of the primary DG cell type, granule cells (GCs), but how MC activity influences behavior is unclear. We show, surprisingly, that activating MCs can lead to adverse behavioral outcomes, and inhibiting MCs have an opposite effect. Importantly, the results appeared to be task-dependent and showed that testing both sexes was important. Additional experiments indicated what MC and GC circuitry was involved. Together, the results suggest how MCs influence behaviors that involve the DG.
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23
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Fredes F, Silva MA, Koppensteiner P, Kobayashi K, Joesch M, Shigemoto R. Ventro-dorsal Hippocampal Pathway Gates Novelty-Induced Contextual Memory Formation. Curr Biol 2021; 31:25-38.e5. [PMID: 33065009 PMCID: PMC7808756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Novelty facilitates memory formation and is detected by both the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Although dentate granule cells (GCs) in the dorsal hippocampus are known to mediate the formation of novelty-induced contextual memories, the required pathways and mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that a powerful excitatory pathway from mossy cells (MCs) in the ventral hippocampus to dorsal GCs is necessary and sufficient for driving dorsal GC activation in novel environment exploration. In vivo Ca2+ imaging in freely moving mice indicated that this pathway relays environmental novelty. Furthermore, manipulation of ventral MC activity bidirectionally regulates novelty-induced contextual memory acquisition. Our results show that ventral MC activity gates contextual memory formation through an intra-hippocampal interaction activated by environmental novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fredes
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 6, Building 1182, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Maria Alejandra Silva
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter Koppensteiner
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Maximilian Joesch
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ryuichi Shigemoto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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24
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Jang S, Yang E, Kim D, Kim H, Kim E. Clmp Regulates AMPA and Kainate Receptor Responses in the Neonatal Hippocampal CA3 and Kainate Seizure Susceptibility in Mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 12:567075. [PMID: 33408624 PMCID: PMC7779639 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.567075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic adhesion molecules regulate synapse development through trans-synaptic adhesion and assembly of diverse synaptic proteins. Many synaptic adhesion molecules positively regulate synapse development; some, however, exert negative regulation, although such cases are relatively rare. In addition, synaptic adhesion molecules regulate the amplitude of post-synaptic receptor responses, but whether adhesion molecules can regulate the kinetic properties of post-synaptic receptors remains unclear. Here we report that Clmp, a homophilic adhesion molecule of the Ig domain superfamily that is abundantly expressed in the brain, reaches peak expression at a neonatal stage (week 1) and associates with subunits of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and kainate receptors (KARs). Clmp deletion in mice increased the frequency and amplitude of AMPAR-mediated miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) and the frequency, amplitude, and decay time constant of KAR-mediated mEPSCs in hippocampal CA3 neurons. Clmp deletion had minimal impacts on evoked excitatory synaptic currents at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses but increased extrasynaptic KAR, but not AMPAR, currents, suggesting that Clmp distinctly inhibits AMPAR and KAR responses. Behaviorally, Clmp deletion enhanced novel object recognition and susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures, without affecting contextual or auditory cued fear conditioning or pattern completion-based contextual fear conditioning. These results suggest that Clmp negatively regulates hippocampal excitatory synapse development and AMPAR and KAR responses in the neonatal hippocampal CA3 as well as object recognition and kainate seizure susceptibility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seil Jang
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Center for Drug Discovery Platform Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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25
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Cinalli DA, Cohen SJ, Guthrie K, Stackman RW. Object Recognition Memory: Distinct Yet Complementary Roles of the Mouse CA1 and Perirhinal Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:527543. [PMID: 33192287 PMCID: PMC7642692 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.527543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the essential contribution of the hippocampus to spatial memory is well established, object recognition memory has been traditionally attributed to the perirhinal cortex (PRh). However, the results of several studies indicate that under specific procedural conditions, temporary or permanent lesions of the hippocampus affect object memory processes as measured in the Spontaneous Object Recognition (SOR) task. The PRh and hippocampus are considered to contribute distinctly to object recognition memory based on memory strength. Allowing mice more, or less, exploration of novel objects during the encoding phase of the task (i.e., sample session), yields stronger, or weaker, object memory, respectively. The current studies employed temporary local inactivation and immunohistochemistry to determine the differential contributions of neuronal activity in PRh and the CA1 region of the hippocampus to strong and weak object memory. Temporary inactivation of the CA1 immediately after the SOR sample session impaired strong object memory but spared weak object memory; while temporary inactivation of PRh post-sample impaired weak object memory but spared strong object memory. Furthermore, mRNA transcription and de novo protein synthesis are required for the consolidation of episodic memory, and activation patterns of immediate early genes (IEGs), such as c-Fos and Arc, are linked to behaviorally triggered neuronal activation and synaptic plasticity. Analyses of c-Fos and Arc protein expression in PRh and CA1 neurons by immunohistochemistry, and of Arc mRNA by qPCR after distinct stages of SOR, provide additional support that strong object memory is dependent on CA1 neuronal activity, while weak object memory is dependent on PRh neuronal activity. Taken together, the results support the view that both PRh and CA1 are required for object memory under distinct conditions. Specifically, our results are consistent with a model that as the mouse begins to explore a novel object, information about it accumulates within PRh, and a weak memory of the object is encoded. If object exploration continues beyond some threshold, strong memory for the event of object exploration is encoded; the consolidation of which is CA1-dependent. These data serve to reconcile the dissension in the literature by demonstrating functional and complementary roles for CA1 and PRh neurons in rodent object memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cinalli
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Sarah J Cohen
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Kathleen Guthrie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,FAU Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Robert W Stackman
- Jupiter Life Science Initiative, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States.,Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.,FAU Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
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26
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Havekes R, Aton SJ. Impacts of Sleep Loss versus Waking Experience on Brain Plasticity: Parallel or Orthogonal? Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:385-393. [PMID: 32459991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on the effects of sleep deprivation on synaptic plasticity have yielded discrepant results. Sleep deprivation studies using novelty exposure as a means to keep animals awake suggests that sleep (compared with wake) leads to widespread reductions in net synaptic strength. By contrast, sleep deprivation studies using approaches avoiding novelty-induced arousal (i.e., gentle handling) suggest that sleep can promote synaptic growth and strengthening. How can these discrepant findings be reconciled? Here, we discuss how varying methodologies for the experimental disruption of sleep (with differential introduction of novel experiences) could fundamentally alter the experimental outcome with regard to synaptic plasticity. Thus, data from experiments aimed at assessing the relative impact of sleep versus wake on the brain may instead reflect the quality of the waking experience itself. The highlighted work suggests that brain plasticity resulting from novel experiences versus wake per se has unique and distinct features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert Havekes
- Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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