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陈 晨, 梁 宇. [Root canal therapy of maxillary molars with atypical canals: A report of three cases]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2024; 56:190-195. [PMID: 38318917 PMCID: PMC10845192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Maxillary molar with three roots and 3 to 4 canals is a common occurrence. However, in addition to common root canal anatomy, there may be significant differences in the number, distribution, and morphological structure of root canals. The success of root canal treatment is dependent on ensuring that all the intricate details associated with it are meticulously followed. Failure to locate all canals could have a negative effect on the treatment as it may lead to initiation or continuation of periapical pathology. Missed canals were the main reason for patients reporting back for nonsurgical root canal retreatment. Moreover, the bacteria residing in such canals could also result in persistence of symptoms. Root canal anatomy is complex, and the recognition of anatomic variations could be a challenge for clinicians. This article presents three cases of endodontic management of maxillary molars with atypical canal morphology. In the three cases of this study, the patients underwent cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) examination before root canal treatment. The CBCT images revealed that the maxillary molars in case 1 and case 2 had 5 canals. Case 1: 2 mesiobuccal (MB, MB2), two distobuccal (DB and DB2), and one palatal canal. Case 2: 2 mesiobuccal (MB, MB2), one distobuccal (DB), and two palatal canals (MP and DP). In case 3, CBCT scan slices showed that the maxillary first molar presented as a C-shaped root canal with a rare tooth anomaly of taurodontism. Although C-shaped root canals were most frequently seen in the mandibular second molar, they might also appear in maxillary molars. A literature search revealed only a few case reports of C-shaped root canal systems in maxillary molars. Case 3 described the fusion between mesiobuccal and palatal roots of the maxillary first molar, forming a C-shaped mesiopalatal root canal. The above cases suggest that endodontists should always be aware of aberrancies in root canal system apart from the knowledge of normal root canal anatomy. CBCT as a means of diagnosis can be helpful for identifying and managing these complex root canal systems. This case series also highlights the importance of magnification and illumination. Through using an endodontic microscope, clinicians can identify root canals that are difficult to locate or overlooked with normal vision. A correct access opening is a most important step to locate and negotiate the orifices of root canals. The use of ultrasonic tips can refine the access cavity and allow controlled and delicate removal of calcifications and other interferences to the canal orifices, thereby helping to locate the extra orifices.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晨 陈
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院门诊部, 国家口腔医学中心, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心, 口腔生物材料和数字诊疗装备国家工程研究中心, 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室, 国家卫生健康委员会口腔医学计算机应用工程技术研究中心, 国家药品监督管理局口腔生物材料重点实验室, 北京 100034First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 宇红 梁
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院急诊科, 北京 100081Department of Oral Emergency, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Wahane KD, Bansod AV, Mattigatti S, Mahaparale R, Rote YB, Wanjari MB. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Analysis of an Unusual Configuration of the Upper First Molar With a C-shaped Canal With Apically Fused Roots: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e36474. [PMID: 37090297 PMCID: PMC10115750 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of identification of the root canal results in root canal treatment failure, one of the most frequent causes of root canal treatment failure. To successfully treat root canals, it is crucial to have a detailed understanding of root canal configuration, including distinguishing traits and anatomical differences. The root canal in the C form arrangement is among the most important anatomical variances. Because of its distinctive highlight, the existence of fins or webs linking the different root canals - the C-shaped form of root canal has proven challenging to detect and manage. Any molar region may have this root canal arrangement, including the mandibular first molar, first premolar, and maxillary molars. Above all, mandibular second molars are where it is most usually discovered. This report discusses the uncommon maxillary first molar with an apically merged root. The importance of comprehending canal variations, which are C-shaped root canals, should be critically evaluated in light of the rise in the root canal treatment failure rate for the upper molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil D Wahane
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to Be University (KIMSDU), Karad, IND
| | - Anand V Bansod
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to Be University (KIMSDU), Karad, IND
| | - Sudha Mattigatti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to Be University (KIMSDU), Karad, IND
| | - Rushikesh Mahaparale
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to Be University (KIMSDU), Karad, IND
| | - Yuvraj B Rote
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to Be University (KIMSDU), Karad, IND
| | - Mayur B Wanjari
- Department of Research and Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Kharouf N, Sauro S, Hardan L, Jmal H, Bachagha G, Macaluso V, Addiego F, Inchingolo F, Haikel Y, Mancino D. Compressive Strength and Porosity Evaluation of Innovative Bidirectional Spiral Winding Fiber Reinforced Composites. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226754. [PMID: 36431231 PMCID: PMC9694289 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the compressive strength and the bulk porosity of a bidirectional (bFRC) and an experimental bidirectional spiral winding reinforced fiber composite (bswFRC). Cylindrical-shape specimens were prepared for each material group and processed for the evaluation of compressive strength after different storage conditions (dry, 1 and 3 months) in distilled water at 37 °C. The specimens were also assessed for the degree of bulk porosity through X-ray tomography. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the fracture mode after a compressive strength test. Data were statistically analyzed using Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A significantly lower compressive strength was obtained in dry conditions, and after 1 month of water immersion, with the specimens created with bFRC compared to those made with bswFRC (p < 0.05). No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between the two groups after 3 months of water immersion. However, the presence of water jeopardized significantly the compressive strength of bswFRC after water storage. The type of fracture was clearly different between the two groups; bswFRC showed a brutal fracture, whilst bFRC demonstrated a shear fracture. The bswFRC demonstrated higher pore volume density than bFRC. In conclusion, bswFRC is characterized by greater compressive strength compared to bFRC in dry conditions, but water-aging can significantly decrease the mechanical properties of such an innovative FRC. Therefore, both the novel bidirectional spiral winding reinforced fiber composites (bswFRC) and the bidirectional fiber reinforced composites (bFRC) might represent suitable materials for the production of post-and-core systems via CAD/CAM technology. These findings suggest that both FRC materials have the potential to strengthen the endodontically treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6675-22841
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Department Interdisciplinary of Bari, Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Giulio Cesare Square, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 11072180, Lebanon
| | - Hamdi Jmal
- ICube Laboratory, Mechanics Department, UMR 7357 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gulbahar Bachagha
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Frédéric Addiego
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Department Materials Research and Technology (MRT), ZAE Robert Steichen, 5 Rue Bommel, Hautcharage, L-4940 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department Interdisciplinary of Bari, Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Giulio Cesare Square, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Hachem CE, Chedid JCA, Nehme W, Kaloustian MK, Ghosn N, Sahnouni H, Mancino D, Haikel Y, Kharouf N. Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Conventional and Two Premixed Root Canal Filling Materials in Primary Teeth. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040177. [PMID: 36278646 PMCID: PMC9589963 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, some physicochemical and antibacterial properties of three root canal filling materials for primary teeth, Calplus “CP” (Prevest DenPro, Lewes, DE, USA), Bio-C Pulpecto “Bio-CP” (Angelus, Basil, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil), and Zinc Oxide and Eugenol “ZOE” (Prevest DenPro, Lewes, DE, USA) were compared. For each material, the pH, solubility, contact angle, and crystalline microstructure under SEM were evaluated. Their antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis was determined through direct tests. The Kruskal−Wallis test was used to analyze the results using a one-way analysis of variance on ranks. All the materials had an alkaline pH at 3, 24, and 72 h, with CalPlus having the highest (p < 0.05). Bio-CP was more soluble during the evaluation period (24 h) than ZOE and CalPlus (p < 0.05). Bio-CP and ZOE demonstrated the creation of crystallite structures on their surfaces after immersion in PBS at 37 °C, whereas CalPlus showed none. The lowest contact angle was observed for Bio-CP (53 ± 1.5°); contact angles of (86 ± 4°) and (96 ± 1°), respectively, were observed after 10 s of the deposition of the water drop for CalPlus and ZOE. In conclusion, according to this study, there is still a need to develop new filling materials for primary teeth. ZOE, CalPlus and Bio-CP demonstrated different physicochemical and antibacterial properties, but none of the materials had optimal properties and could be considered the most suitable filling material for primary teeth pulpectomy. Bioceramics in their current state are not an alternative. The physicochemical and antibacterial properties still need improvement to fit the intricate anatomy of primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire El Hachem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Abou Chedid
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Walid Nehme
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 5th Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Marc Krikor Kaloustian
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Nabil Ghosn
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Hafsa Sahnouni
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-667522841
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Asiri AA, AlQahtani KW, Tarrosh MY, Shaiban AS, Al Shawkani HA, Alaajam WH, Bamasud MS, Alqahtani M, Alyousefy MA, Al Moaleem MM. Root Morphology and Canal Configuration of Permanent Canines Among Saudi Population: Systematic Review and Comparison with Worldwide Studies. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6849-6860. [PMID: 36061964 PMCID: PMC9439648 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s380084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The root morphology and canal configuration (RMCC) of mandibular and maxillary canines among Saudi population is systematically reviewed and compared with international studies in this research. Methods This study was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. The electronic databases of PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Library, Google website search, and Web of Science were searched. Only local and international cross-sectional, comparative, evaluation, and validation studies or case reports published between 2016 and 2022 that directly evaluated canine RMCC and assessed participants using cone beam computed tomography were included. Results Forty-three studies that investigated RMCCs (17 local and 26 international) were involved in this review. The original Saudi research recorded that almost 100% of maxillary canines had one root and one canal, whereas 98.4% and 94.1% had one root and one canal in the mandibular arch. Vertucci's class I had the highest percentages in the maxillary and mandibular arches at 98.3% and 95.8%, respectively, followed by class III with 0.7% and 1.9% for the same arches, respectively. International studies recorded that 100% of maxillary canines had one canal and root; the percentages of the mandibular arch were 92.3 and 98% for single canal and root, respectively; and the highest percentage was obtained by Vertucci's class I (91.1%), followed by class III (4.7%). Conclusion This review reports and confirmed the symmetry of the RMCCs of maxillary and mandibular canines between Saudi studies and other populations. Moreover, Vertucci's classes I and III were the most frequent RMCCs, and two-rooted canines in both arches were considerably less frequently than single-rooted ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammed Y Tarrosh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal S Shaiban
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A Al Shawkani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa H Alaajam
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam S Bamasud
- Dental Department, Ministry of Health, Sakaka City, Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muqbil Alqahtani
- General Practitioner, King Faisal University, Alhafuf City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad A Alyousefy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibn al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana’a, 4337, Yemen
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Abdalrahman K, Talabani R, Kazzaz S, Babarasul D. Assessment of C-Shaped Canal Morphology in Mandibular and Maxillary Second Molars in an Iraqi Subpopulation Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. SCANNING 2022; 2022:4886993. [PMID: 35360525 PMCID: PMC8942670 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4886993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Endodontic treatment is basically dependent on knowledge of the root canal anatomy. The goal of this study was to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging to examine the C-shaped canal configuration of mandibular and maxillary second molars in an Iraqi subpopulation. The prevalence and configurations of C-shaped canals were evaluated in 368 mandibular second molars and 369 maxillary second molars using CBCT scans. The effects of gender, age, and unilateral/bilateral on the presence of C-shaped canals were investigated. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine the level of significance (p ≤ 0.05), and kappa value was used to check reliability of results of the research. In mandibular second molars, the prevalence of C-shaped canals was 17.4%. The prevalence was significantly higher in females (23%) than males (10.4%) using the chi-square test. There is no significant difference in the prevalence of C-shaped canal depending on age and tooth position. The C2 type was the most common (56.3%). This prevalence did not differ with gender, age, or tooth position. In maxillary second molars, C-shaped canals were present in 7.9%. Type I (subtype C) (fusion of 2 root canals MB-DB) was the most common type of fused root (65.5%). There is no significant difference in the prevalence of C-shaped canal depending on the type of fused root, age, and tooth position. The majority of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars were bilateral in both genders, but unilateral presence was more common in maxillary second molars in both genders. Within the limits of this study, C-shaped canals were found to be more common in mandibular second molars than in maxillary second molars in an Iraqi subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazhan Abdalrahman
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Ranjdar Talabani
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Sara Kazzaz
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Dlsoz Babarasul
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Iraq
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