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Chatterjee A, Roy T, Kumar Mishra V, Swarnakar S. Shatavarin-IV, a steroidal saponin from Asparagus racemosus, inhibits cell cycle progression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in AGS cells under hyperglycemic conditions. Steroids 2024; 210:109487. [PMID: 39106908 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC)-diabetes co-morbidity is nowadays growing into a rising concern. However, no separate treatment procedures have been outlined for such patients. Phytochemicals and their derivatives can therefore be used as therapeutics as they have greater effectiveness, reduced toxicity, and a reduced likelihood of developing multi-drug resistance in cancer treatments. The present study intended to assess the therapeutic efficacy of Shatavarin-IV - a major steroidal saponin from the roots of Asparagus racemosus, in human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line under hyperglycemic conditions and explore its mechanism of action in controlling GC progression. For the present study, AGS cells were incubated in high glucose-containing media and the effects of Shatavarin-IV therein have been evaluated. Cell proliferation, confocal microscopic imaging, flow-cytometric analysis for cell cycle and apoptosis, immunoblotting, zymography, reverse zymography, wound-healing, colony formation, and invasion assays were performed. Shatavarin-IV has a prominent effect on AGS cell proliferation; with IC50 of 2.463 µ M under hyperglycemic conditions. Shatavarin-IV induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, thereby preventing hyperglycemia-induced excessive cell proliferation that later on leads to apoptotic cell death at 36 h of incubation. Shatavarin-IV further inhibits the migratory and invasive potential of AGS cells by altering the expression patterns of different EMT markers. It also inhibits MMP-9 while promoting TIMP-1 activity and expression; thereby regulating ECM turnover. This is the first report demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy of Shatavarin-IV against AGS cells grown in hyperglycemic conditions, implicating new insights into the treatment paradigm of patients with GC-diabetes co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chatterjee
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapasi Roy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Mishra
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Snehasikta Swarnakar
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Alhajamee M, Khalaj-Kondori M, Babaei E, Mahdavi M. A biochemical assessment of apoptosis-inducing impact of Salinomycin in combination with ciprofloxacin on human leukemia KG1-a stem-like cells in the presence and absence of insulin. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:807. [PMID: 39002036 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fast-developing invading cancer that impacts the blood and bone marrow, marked by the rapid proliferation of abnormal white blood cells. Chemotherapeutic agents, a primary treatment for AML, encounter clinical limitations such as poor solubility and low bioavailability. Previous studies have highlighted antibiotics as effective in inducing cancer cell death and potentially preventing metastasis. Besides, insulin is known to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, often disrupted in cancers, leading to enhanced cell survival and resistance to apoptosis. In light of the above-mentioned points, we examined the anti-cancer impact of antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (CP) and Salinomycin (SAL) and their combination on KG1-a cells in the presence and absence of insulin. METHODS This was accomplished by exposing KG1-a cells to different doses of CP and SAL alone, in combination, and with or without insulin for 24-72 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Besides, apoptotic effects were examined using Hoechst staining and Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry. The expression levels of Bax, p53, BIRC5, Akt, PTEN, and FOXO1 were analyzed through Real-Time PCR. RESULTS CP and SAL demonstrated cytotoxic and notable pro-apoptotic impact on KG1-a cells by upregulating Bax and p53 and downregulating BIRC5, leading to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and prevention of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Our findings demonstrated that combination of CP and SAL promote apoptosis in the KG1-a cell line by down-regulating BIRC5 and Akt, as well as up-regulating Bax, p53, PTEN, and FOXO1. Additionally, the findings strongly indicated that insulin effectively mitigates apoptosis by enhancing Akt expression and reducing FOXO1 and PTEN gene expression in the cells treated with CP and SAL. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the combined treatment of CP and SAL exhibit a strong anti-cancer effect on leukemia KG1-a cells. Moreover, it was discovered that the PI3K-Akt signaling can be a promising target in leukemia treatment particularly in hyperinsulinemia condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham Alhajamee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mahdavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Chatterjee A, Roy T, Jyothi D, Mishra VK, Singh UP, Swarnakar S. Melatonin Inhibits AGS Cell Proliferation by Binding to the ATP Binding Site of CDK2 Under Hyperglycemic Conditions. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01241-9. [PMID: 38453745 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize glucose as their primary energy source. The aggressive nature of cancer cells is therefore enhanced in hyperglycemic conditions. This study has been adopted to investigate the therapeutic potential of melatonin against such aggressive proliferation of AGS cells-a human gastric cancer cell line, under hyperglycemic conditions. AGS cells were incubated with high glucose-containing media, and the effects of melatonin have been evaluated, therein. Cell proliferation, ROS generation, flow-cytometric analysis for cell cycle and apoptosis, wound healing, immunoblotting, zymography, reverse zymography assays, in-silico analysis, and kinase activity assays were performed to evaluate the effects of melatonin. We observed that melatonin inhibited the hyperglycemia-induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. It further altered the expression and activity of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Moreover, melatonin inhibited AGS cell proliferation by arresting AGS cells in the G0/G1 phase after binding in the ATP binding site of CDK-2, thereby inhibiting its kinase activity. In association, a significant decrease in the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK-4, and CDK-2 were observed. In conclusion, these findings suggest that melatonin has anti-gastric cancer potential. Melatonin could therefore be included in future drug designs for gastric cancer-hyperglycemia co-morbidity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chatterjee
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapasi Roy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Deeti Jyothi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Mishra
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Umesh Prasad Singh
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Snehasikta Swarnakar
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Papaetis GS. Pioglitazone, Bladder Cancer and the Presumption of Innocence. Curr Drug Saf 2022; 17:294-318. [PMID: 35249505 DOI: 10.2174/1574886317666220304124756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazolidinediones are potent exogenous agonists of PPAR-γ, which augment the effects of insulin to its cellular targets and mainly at the level of adipose tissue. Pioglitazone, the main thiazolidinedione in clinical practice, has shown cardiovascular and renal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes, durable reduction of glycated hemoglobulin levels, important improvements of several components of the metabolic syndrome and beneficial effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. OBJECTIVE Despite all of its established advantages, the controversy for an increased risk of developing bladder cancer, combined with the advent of newer drug classes that achieved major cardiorenal effects have significantly limited its use spreading a persistent shadow of doubt for its future role. METHODS Pubmed, Google and Scope databases have been thoroughly searched and relevant studies were selected. RESULTS This paper explores thoroughly both in vitro and in vivo (animal models and humans) studies that investigated the possible association of pioglitazone with bladder cancer. CONCLUSION Currently the association of pioglitazone with bladder cancer cannot be based on solid evidence. This evidence cannot justify its low clinical administration, especially in the present era of individualised treatment strategies. Definite clarification of this issue is imperative and urgently anticipated from future high quality and rigorous pharmacoepidemiologic research, keeping in mind its unique mechanism of action and its significant pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S Papaetis
- Internal Medicine and Diabetes Clinic, Eleftherios Venizelos Avenue 62, Paphos, Cyprus.
- CDA College, 73 Democratias Avenue, Paphos, Cyprus
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Rojas A, Lindner C, Schneider I, Gonzàlez I, Araya H, Morales E, Gómez M, Urdaneta N, Araya P, Morales MA. Diabetes mellitus contribution to the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1997-2012. [PMID: 35070037 PMCID: PMC8713306 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling pieces of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research has demonstrated the crucial contribution of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality in many human neoplasms, including gastric cancer (GC). DM is considered a systemic inflammatory disease and therefore, this inflammatory status may have profound effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly by driving many molecular mechanisms to generate a more aggressive TME. DM is an active driver in the modification of the behavior of many cell components of the TME as well as altering the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to an increased ECM stiffening. Additionally, DM can alter many cellular signaling mechanisms and thus favoring tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic potential, as well as key elements in regulating cellular functions and cross-talks, such as the microRNAs network, the production, and cargo of exosomes, the metabolism of cell stroma and resistance to hypoxia. In the present review, we intend to highlight the mechanistic contributions of DM to the remodeling of TME in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Cristian Lindner
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Iván Schneider
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzàlez
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Hernan Araya
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Erik Morales
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
- Servicio de Anatomía Patologica, Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Milibeth Gómez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Nelson Urdaneta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
- Servicio de Oncología, Hospital Regional de Talca, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Lab., Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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Yang YF, Chuang HW, Kuo WT, Lin BS, Chang YC. Current Development and Application of Anaerobic Glycolytic Enzymes in Urothelial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910612. [PMID: 34638949 PMCID: PMC8508954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cancer is a malignant tumor with metastatic ability and high mortality. Malignant tumors of the urinary system include upper tract urothelial cancer and bladder cancer. In addition to typical genetic alterations and epigenetic modifications, metabolism-related events also occur in urothelial cancer. This metabolic reprogramming includes aberrant expression levels of genes, metabolites, and associated networks and pathways. In this review, we summarize the dysfunctions of glycolytic enzymes in urothelial cancer and discuss the relevant phenotype and signal transduction. Moreover, we describe potential prognostic factors and risks to the survival of clinical cancer patients. More importantly, based on several available databases, we explore relationships between glycolytic enzymes and genetic changes or drug responses in urothelial cancer cells. Current advances in glycolysis-based inhibitors and their combinations are also discussed. Combining all of the evidence, we indicate their potential value for further research in basic science and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
| | - Hao-Wen Chuang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Kuo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Syuan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2826-7064
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Supabphol S, Seubwai W, Wongkham S, Saengboonmee C. High glucose: an emerging association between diabetes mellitus and cancer progression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1175-1193. [PMID: 34036430 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association of cancer and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been studied for decades. Hyperglycemia and the imbalance of hormones are factors that contribute to the molecular link between DM and carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Hyperglycemia alone or in combination with hyperinsulinemia are key factors that promote cancer aggressiveness. Many preclinical studies suggest that high glucose induces abnormal energy metabolism and aggressive cancer via several mechanisms. As evidenced by clinical studies, hyperglycemia is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients who have comorbid DM. The prognoses of cancer patients with DM are improved when their plasma glucose levels are controlled. This suggests that high glucose level maybe be involved in the molecular mechanism that causes the link between DM and cancer and may also be useful for prognosis of cancer progression. This review comprehensively summarizes the evidence from recent pre-clinical and clinical studies of the impact of hyperglycemia on cancer advancement as well as the underlying molecular mechanism for this impact. Awareness among clinicians of the association between hyperglycemia or DM and cancer progression may improve cancer treatment outcome in patients who have DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suangson Supabphol
- The Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Charupong Saengboonmee
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Wang Z, Tu Z, Xie X, Cui H, Kong KW, Zhang L. Perilla frutescens Leaf Extract and Fractions: Polyphenol Composition, Antioxidant, Enzymes (α-Glucosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Tyrosinase) Inhibitory, Anticancer, and Antidiabetic Activities. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020315. [PMID: 33546380 PMCID: PMC7913586 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the bioactive components, in vitro bioactivities, and in vivo hypoglycemic effect of P. frutescens leaf, which is a traditional medicine-food homology plant. P. frutescens methanol crude extract and its fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions, and aqueous phase residue) were prepared by ultrasound-enzyme assisted extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. Among the samples, the ethyl acetate fraction possessed the high total phenolic (440.48 μg GAE/mg DE) and flavonoid content (455.22 μg RE/mg DE), the best antioxidant activity (the DPPH radical, ABTS radical, and superoxide anion scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power were 1.71, 1.14, 2.40, 1.29, and 2.4 times higher than that of control Vc, respectively), the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitory ability with the IC50 value of 190.03 μg/mL which was 2.2-folds higher than control acarbose, the strongest proliferative inhibitory ability against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell with the IC50 values of 37.92 and 13.43 μg/mL, which were considerable with control cisplatin, as well as certain inhibition abilities on acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase. HPLC analysis showed that the luteolin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, and catechin were the dominant components of the ethyl acetate fraction. Animal experiments further demonstrated that the ethyl acetate fraction could significantly decrease the serum glucose level, food, and water intake of streptozotocin-induced diabetic SD rats, increase the body weight, modulate their serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C, improve the histopathology and glycogen accumulation in liver and intestinal tissue. Taken together, P. frutescens leaf exhibits excellent hypoglycemic activity in vitro and in vivo, and could be exploited as a source of natural antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zongcai Tu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China;
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8812-1868
| | - Xing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Hao Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China;
| | - Kin Weng Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China; (Z.W.); (L.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China;
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, Şekeroğlu V, Kontaş Yedier S, İlkun E, Liou LS. Increased DNA strand breaks and neoplastic transformation in human bladder cells treated with pioglitazone. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:143-154. [PMID: 33496997 DOI: 10.1002/em.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PIO), an oral hypoglycemic agent, is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Some studies have suggested that an increased risk of bladder cancer with PIO exposure, while the others reported there is no such relationship. Therefore, it is doubtful whether PIO can increase the risk of bladder cancer. The effects of PIO on DNA damage and/or transformation of human bladder cells are not fully known. We investigated the effects of PIO on cytotoxicity, DNA single and double strand breaks and repair and neoplastic transformation in human bladder cells (hTU1) treated with 10, 20, and 40 μM PIO for 24, 48 and 72 hr. PIO decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Increased levels of comet parameters showed that PIO and its metabolites can significantly induce DNA double strand breaks at all concentrations tested. PIO also significantly induced the formation of phosphorylated H2AX and p53 binding protein 1 foci. DNA damage was not repaired in a 24 hr recovery period. PIO can also induce malignant transformation of human bladder cells exhibiting loss of contact inhibition and anchorage independent growth. This is the first study to indicate that PIO can induce DNA damage and malignant transformation, reduce or alter the DNA repair capacity in human bladder cells. From these results, we suggest that patients with diabetes treated with PIO may have an increased risk of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Vedat Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Seval Kontaş Yedier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Emre İlkun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Louis S Liou
- Department of Urology, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Xia C, Liu C, He Z, Cai Y, Chen J. Metformin inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation by modulating PI3K/Akt-induced major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A gene expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:127. [PMID: 32631421 PMCID: PMC7336474 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that the classic hypoglycemic drug metformin inhibits tumor growth; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We previously showed that metformin disrupts the sponge effect of long non-coding RNA MALAT1/miR-142-3p to inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we interrogated the ability of metformin to modulate the anti-tumor immune response in cervical cancer. Methods The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the viability of cervical cancer cells. Flow cytometry assays were performed to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay was used to detect NK Cell Cytotoxicity. Relative protein levels were determined by immunoblotting and relative gene levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Tumor Xenograft Modeling was used to evaluate the effect of metformin in vivo. Results Metformin inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation, cervical cancer xenograft growth, expression of PCNA, p-PI3K and p-Akt. Moreover metformin induced cervical cancer cell apoptosis and caused cancer cell cycle arrest. In addition, metformin upregulated the expression of DDR-1 and p53 in human cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, metformin also regulated the mRNA and protein expression of MICA and HSP70 on the surface of human cervical cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway, enhancing NK cell cytotoxicity. Conclusions In conclusion, our results suggest that metformin may be used as immunopotentiator to inhibit cervical cancer progression and may be considered a viable candidate for combination therapy with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglai Xia
- South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.,Foshan Women and Child hospital, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Zhihong He
- South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.,Foshan Women and Child hospital, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yantao Cai
- South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.,Foshan Women and Child hospital, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jinman Chen
- South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.,Foshan Women and Child hospital, Foshan, 528000, China
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11
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Sauriasari R, Sekar AP, Aisyah N, Syahdi RR, Matsuura E. Sera Anti-P53 Antibody Provides New Information Which Explains the Link Between Diabetes and Cancer. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:325-331. [PMID: 32104029 PMCID: PMC7023868 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s213731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormalities in glucose metabolism in diabetic patients may lead to an increased risk of certain cancers. Epidemiological studies and meta-analysis have shown that factors such as gender, age, obesity, and insulin resistance are related to cancer incidence. The anti-p53 antibody is a known cancer marker due to tumor-associated p53 accumulation. Many studies have aimed to unravel the link between diabetes and cancer. Here, we aimed to elucidate the impact of diabetes on malignancies by analyzing anti-p53 antibody in sera of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 149 subjects comprised of 78 T2DM patients (32 with cancer risk and 46 subjects without cancer risk), 51 T2DM patients with cancer, and 20 healthy subjects as controls from multisites. The anti-p53 antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while HbA1c was measured using the NGSP standardized method. RESULTS We observed an 8.3-fold (p<0.05) increase of anti-p53 antibody in the sera of T2DM patients and a 24-fold increase (p<0.001) in T2DM patients with cancer compared to healthy subjects. The anti-p53 antibodies significantly increased almost three times (p<0.05) in T2DM patients with cancer (0.72 U/mL±0.20) compared to T2DM patients (0.25 U/mL±0.05). Meanwhile, this antibody was almost undetectable in healthy subjects as a control group (0.03 U/mL±0.03). The anti-p53 antibody level was higher in T2DM with cancer risk patients. However, we did not find a significant difference for it in T2DM without cancer risk patients (0.19 U/mL±0.03) and T2DM with cancer risk patients (0.29 U/mL±0.08). Multivariate regression analysis showed that T2DM with cancer was the only one independent factor (beta=0.218, p=0.019) that could predict the increase of anti-p53 antibody, controlled by age, gender, BMI, DM duration, and HbA1c. CONCLUSION Our results showed that anti-p53 antibody almost not detected in healthy subjects, but 8.3-fold increase in the sera of T2DM patients and 24-fold increase in T2DM patients with cancer. Therefore, this biomarker provides new information which explains the link between diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Sauriasari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Rani Sauriasari Gedung A Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan, Jalan Prof. Dr. Sudjono D Pusponegoro, Kampus UI, Depok, Jawa Barat16424, IndonesiaTel +62-21-7270031 Email
| | | | - Nurul Aisyah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Eiji Matsuura
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Collaborative Research Center for OMIC & Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Nagy T, Fisi V, Frank D, Kátai E, Nagy Z, Miseta A. Hyperglycemia-Induced Aberrant Cell Proliferation; A Metabolic Challenge Mediated by Protein O-GlcNAc Modification. Cells 2019; 8:E999. [PMID: 31466420 PMCID: PMC6769692 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia has been associated with an increased prevalence of pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, or various disorders of the immune system. In some cases, these associations may be traced back to a common underlying cause, but more often, hyperglycemia and the disturbance in metabolic balance directly facilitate pathological changes in the regular cellular functions. One such cellular function crucial for every living organism is cell cycle regulation/mitotic activity. Although metabolic challenges have long been recognized to influence cell proliferation, the direct impact of diabetes on cell cycle regulatory elements is a relatively uncharted territory. Among other "nutrient sensing" mechanisms, protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification emerged in recent years as a major contributor to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia. An increasing amount of evidence suggest that O-GlcNAc may significantly influence the cell cycle and cellular proliferation. In our present review, we summarize the current data available on the direct impact of metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia in pathological conditions associated with cell cycle disorders. We also review published experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc modification may be one of the missing links between metabolic regulation and cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Fisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Frank
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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