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Berger MB, Bosh K, Deng J, Jacobs TW, Cohen DJ, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Wnt16 Increases Bone-to-Implant Contact in an Osteopenic Rat Model by Increasing Proliferation and Regulating the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1744-1762. [PMID: 38517621 PMCID: PMC11082046 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Osseointegration is a complex biological cascade that regulates bone regeneration after implant placement. Implants possessing complex multiscale surface topographies augment this regenerative process through the regulation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) that are in contact with the implant surface. One pathway regulating osteoblastic differentiation is Wnt signaling, and upregulation of non-canonical Wnts increases differentiation of MSCs on these titanium substrates. Wnt16 is a non-canonical Wnt shown to regulate bone morphology in mouse models. This study evaluated the role of Wnt16 during surface-mediated osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and osseointegration in vivo. MSCs were cultured on Ti substrates with different surface properties and non-canonical Wnt expression was determined. Subsequently, MSCs were cultured on Ti substrates +/-Wnt16 (100 ng/mL) and anti-Wnt16 antibodies (2 μg/mL). Wnt16 expression was increased in cells grown on microrough surfaces that were processed to be hydrophilic and have nanoscale roughness. However, treatment MSCs on these surfaces with exogenous rhWnt16b increased total DNA content and osteoprotegerin production, but reduced osteoblastic differentiation and production of local factors necessary for osteogenesis. Addition of anti-Wnt16 antibodies blocked the inhibitor effects of Wnt16. The response to Wnt16 was likely independent of other osteogenic pathways like Wnt11-Wnt5a signaling and semaphorin 3a signaling. We used an established rat model of cortical and trabecular femoral bone impairment following botox injections (2 injections of 8 units/leg each, starting and maintenance doses) to assess Wnt16 effects on whole bone morphology and implant osseointegration. Wnt16 injections did not alter whole bone morphology significantly (BV/TV, cortical thickness, restoration of trabecular bone) but were effective at increasing cortical bone-to-implant contact during impaired osseointegration in the botox model. The mechanical quality of the increased bone was not sufficient to rescue the deleterious effects of botox. Clinically, these results are important to understand the interaction of cortical and trabecular bone during implant integration. They suggest a role for Wnt16 in modulating bone remodeling by reducing osteoclastic activity. Targeted strategies to temporally regulate Wnt16 after implant placement could be used to improve osseointegration by increasing the net pool of osteoprogenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Kyla Bosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Jingyao Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Thomas W Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - D Joshua Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
- Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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2
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Song S, Zhang G, Chen X, Zheng J, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wang Y, Song Y, Zhou Q. HIF-1α increases the osteogenic capacity of ADSCs by coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis via the HIF-1α/VEGF/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:257. [PMID: 37550736 PMCID: PMC10405507 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stabilization and increased activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) can directly increase cancellous bone formation and play an essential role in bone modeling and remodeling. However, whether an increased HIF-1α expression in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) increases osteogenic capacity and promotes bone regeneration is not known. RESULTS In this study, ADSCs transfected with small interfering RNA and HIF-1α overexpression plasmid were established to investigate the proliferation, migration, adhesion, and osteogenic capacity of ADSCs and the angiogenic ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Overexpression of HIF-1α could promote the biological functions of ADSCs, and the angiogenic ability of HUVECs. Western blotting showed that the protein levels of osteogenesis-related factors were increased when HIF-1α was overexpressed. Furthermore, the influence of upregulation of HIF-1α in ADSC sheets on osseointegration was evaluated using a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats implant model, in which the bone mass and osteoid mineralization speed were evaluated by radiological and histological analysis. The overexpression of HIF-1α in ADSCs enhanced bone remodeling and osseointegration around titanium implants. However, transfecting the small interfering RNA (siRNA) of HIF-1α in ADSCs attenuated their osteogenic and angiogenic capacity. Finally, it was confirmed in vitro that HIF-1α promotes osteogenic differentiation and the biological functions in ADSCs via the VEGF/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that HIF-1α has a critical ability to promote osteogenic differentiation in ADSCs by coupling osteogenesis and angiogenesis via the VEGF/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which in turn increases osteointegration and bone formation around titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Song
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Xutao Chen
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Yingliang Song
- Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
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3
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Banimohamad-Shotorbani B, Karkan SF, Rahbarghazi R, Mehdipour A, Jarolmasjed S, Saghati S, Shafaei H. Application of mesenchymal stem cell sheet for regeneration of craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:68. [PMID: 37024981 PMCID: PMC10080954 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects are among the most common damages in human medicine. Due to limitations and challenges in the area of bone healing, the research field has turned into a hot topic discipline with direct clinical outcomes. Among several available modalities, scaffold-free cell sheet technology has opened novel avenues to yield efficient osteogenesis. It is suggested that the intact matrix secreted from cells can provide a unique microenvironment for the acceleration of osteoangiogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, cell sheet technology (CST) has been investigated in terms of several skeletal defects with promising outcomes. Here, we highlighted some recent advances associated with the application of CST for the recovery of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) in various preclinical settings. The regenerative properties of both single-layer and multilayer CST were assessed regarding fabrication methods and applications. It has been indicated that different forms of cell sheets are available for CMF engineering like those used for other hard tissues. By tackling current challenges, CST is touted as an effective and alternative therapeutic option for CMF bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Banimohamad-Shotorbani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi Karkan
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Mehdipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyedhosein Jarolmasjed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Saghati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Shafaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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Assefa F. The role of sensory and sympathetic nerves in craniofacial bone regeneration. Neuropeptides 2023; 99:102328. [PMID: 36827755 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors regulate the regeneration of craniofacial bone defects. The nervous system is recognized as one of the critical regulators of bone mass, thereby suggesting a role for neuronal pathways in bone regeneration. However, in the context of craniofacial bone regeneration, little is known about the interplay between the nervous system and craniofacial bone. Sensory and sympathetic nerves interact with the bone through their neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, proteins, peptides, and amino acid derivates. The neuron-derived factors, such as semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), possess a remarkable role in craniofacial regeneration. This review summarizes the roles of these factors and recently published factors such as secretoneurin (SN) and spexin (SPX) in the osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, bone metabolism, growth, remodeling and discusses the novel application of nerve-based craniofacial bone regeneration. Moreover, the review will facilitate understanding the mechanism of action and provide potential treatment direction for the craniofacial bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freshet Assefa
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O.Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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5
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Deng J, Cohen DJ, Sabalewski EL, Van Duyn C, Wilson DS, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Semaphorin 3A delivered by a rapidly polymerizing click hydrogel overcomes impaired implant osseointegration in a rat type 2 diabetes model. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:236-251. [PMID: 36435442 PMCID: PMC10007856 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (sema3A) is an osteoprotective factor that enhances bone formation while inhibiting osteoclast bone resorption. It is produced by rat calvarial osteoblasts cultured on grit-blasted/acid-etched microtextured (SLA) titanium surfaces at higher levels than on tissue culture polystyrene, suggesting that it may improve performance of titanium implants in vivo, particularly in conditions characterized by compromised bone quality. To test this, we established a clinically relevant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model and used a non-toxic click hydrogel that rapidly polymerizes in situ (GEL) to provide localized controlled delivery of sema3A. In vitro studies confirmed that sema3A released from GEL was biologically active, increasing osteoblast differentiation of a pre-osteoblast cell-line. Whereas increased sema3A production was not observed in T2DM calvarial osteoblasts cultured on SLA, exogenous sema3A enhanced surface-induced osteoblast differentiation, indicating that it would be a viable candidate for in vivo use. Delivery of sema3A either by GEL or by local injection to bone defects enhanced osseointegration of SLA implants in the T2DM rats. Trabecular bone mass and bone-to-implant contact were decreased in T2DM rats compared to normal rats; sema3A delivered locally improved both parameters. These findings suggest that reduced trabecular bone contributes to poor osseointegration in T2DM patients and support GEL as a promising treatment option for sustained release of therapeutic doses of sema3A. Moreover, using this clinically translatable T2DM model and developing a biocompatible, Cu-free click chemistry hydrogel platform for the non-invasive delivery of therapeutics has major implications for regenerative medicine as a whole. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osseointegration is compromised in patients with poor bone quality due to conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previously, we showed that semaphorin 3A (sema3A) production is increased when human bone marrow stromal cells are cultured on titanium substrates that support osseointegration in vivo, suggesting it may enhance peri-implant osteogenesis in diabetes. Here we established a spontaneously developing T2DM rat model with clinical translatability and used it to assess sema3A effectiveness. Sema3A was delivered to the implant site via a novel copper-free click hydrogel, which has minimal swelling behavior and superior rheological properties. Osseointegration was successfully restored, and enhanced compared to burst release through injections. This study provides scientific evidence for using sema3A to treat impaired osseointegration in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; VCU DaVinci Center for Innovation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Eleanor L Sabalewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Christine Van Duyn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - D Scott Wilson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA 21231, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Irisin Promotes Osteogenesis by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Mitophagy through SIRT3 Signaling under Diabetic Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3319056. [PMID: 36262283 PMCID: PMC9576424 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3319056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in the bone tissue of patients with diabetes mellitus, resulting in oxidative stress, poor bone healing, or regeneration. Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. However, the effects of irisin on adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) osteogenic differentiation and bone healing under diabetic conditions remain poorly understood. ASCs were obtained from inguinal fat of Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with different concentrations of AGEs and irisin. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation abilities of ASCs were detected. To explore the regulatory role of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), ASCs were transfected with lentivirus-mediated SIRT3 overexpression or knockdown vectors. Next, we investigated mitochondrial functions, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis in different groups. Moreover, SOD2 acetylation and potential signaling pathways were assessed. Additionally, a diabetic rat model was used to evaluate the effect of irisin on bone healing in calvarial critical-sized defects (CSDs) in vivo. Our results showed that irisin incubation mitigated the inhibitory effects of AGEs on ASCs by increasing cell viability and promoting osteogenesis. Moreover, irisin modulated mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS levels, mitochondrial O2·− status, ATP generation, complex I and IV activities, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis via a SIRT3-mediated pathway under AGEs exposure. Furthermore, in calvarial CSDs of diabetic rats, transplantation of gels encapsulating irisin-pretreated ASCs along with irisin largely enhanced bone healing. These findings suggest that irisin attenuates AGE-induced ASC dysfunction through SIRT3-mediated maintenance of oxidative stress homeostasis and regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, our studies shed new light on the role of irisin in promoting the ASC osteogenesis and targeting SIRT3 as a novel therapeutic intervention strategy for bone regeneration under diabetic conditions.
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7
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The Proangiogenic Potential of Rat Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells with and without Cell-Sheet Induction: A Comparative Study. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2601764. [PMID: 36248258 PMCID: PMC9556194 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2601764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional vasculature for survival remains a challenge for tissue regeneration, which is indispensable for oxygen and nutrient supply. Utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to alleviate tissue ischemia and repair dysfunctional or damaged endothelium is a promising strategy. Compared to other populations of MSCs, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) possess a more significant proangiogenic potential and are abundantly available. Cell sheet technology has recently been widely utilized in bone engineering. Compared to conventional methods of seeding seed cell suspension onto biological scaffolds, cell sheet technology prevents cell loss and preserves the extracellular matrix (ECM). Nevertheless, the proangiogenic potential of ASC sheets remains unknown. In this study, rat ASC sheets were constructed, and their macro- and microstructures were examined. In addition, we investigated the effects of ASCs and ASC sheets on the biological properties and angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells (ECs). The results demonstrated that the ASC sheets gradually thickened as the number of cells and ECM increased over time and that the cells were in an active state of secretion. Similar to ASC-CM, the conditioned medium (CM) of ASC sheets could significantly enhance the proliferative capacity of ECs. ASC sheet-CM has significant advantages over ASC-CM in promoting the migration and angiogenesis of ECs, where the exosomes secreted by ASC sheets play an essential role. Therefore, using ASC sheets for therapeutic tissue and organ regeneration angiogenesis may be a valuable strategy.
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Coppola A, Zorzetto G, Piacentino F, Bettoni V, Pastore I, Marra P, Perani L, Esposito A, De Cobelli F, Carcano G, Fontana F, Fiorina P, Venturini M. Imaging in experimental models of diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:147-161. [PMID: 34779949 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Translational medicine, experimental medicine and experimental animal models, in particular mice and rats, represent a multidisciplinary field that has made it possible to achieve, in the last decades, important scientific progress. In this review, we have summarized the most frequently used imaging animal models, such as ultrasound (US), micro-CT, MRI and the optical imaging methods, and their main implications in diagnostic and therapeutic fields, with a particular focus on diabetes mellitus, a multifactorial disease extremely widespread among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coppola
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy.
| | | | - Filippo Piacentino
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Valeria Bettoni
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Marra
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Milano-Bicocca University, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Radiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- Radiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
- General, Emergency, and Transplant Surgery Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for T1D, Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrinology Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
- Insubria University, Varese, Italy
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Chen X, Yang K, Sun P, Zhao R, Liu B, Lu P. Exercise improves bone formation by upregulating the Wnt3a/β-catenin signalling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:116. [PMID: 34688315 PMCID: PMC8542289 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bone formation ability of type 2 diabetes is inhibited, and exercise can effectively improve the bone formation of T2DM. However, whether exercise can mediate the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway to improve the mechanism of bone formation and metabolism still needs further research. METHODS A T2DM mouse model was established by a high-fat diet and STZ injection, and the mice were trained with swimming and downhill running exercise. Alizarin red staining is used to observe the changes of the left femoral trabecular bone; micro-CT is used to analyze the trabecular and cortical BMD, BV/TV, BS/BV, BS/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp; the ALP staining of skull was used to observe the changes in ALP activity of bone tissues at the skull herringbone sutures; ALP staining was performed to observe the changes in the number of OBs and ALP activity produced by differentiation; Quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression; Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels. RESULTS When the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of T2DM mice was inhibited, the bone formation ability of the mice was significantly reduced, resulting in the degradation of the bone tissue morphology and structure. Swimming caused the significant increase in body weight and Runx2 mRNA expression, while downhill running could significantly decrease the body weight of the mice, while the tibia length, wet weight, and the trabecular morphological structure of the distal femur and the indexes of bone histomorphology were significantly improved by activating the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS Bone formation is inhibited in T2DM mice, leading to osteoporosis. Downhill running activates the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in the bones of T2DM mice, promotes OB differentiation and osteogenic capacity, enhances bone formation metabolism, and improves the bone morphological structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kang Yang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengcheng Lu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals novel key biomarkers and potential candidate small molecule drugs in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228450. [PMID: 33890634 PMCID: PMC8145272 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the metabolic disorder that appears during pregnancy. The current investigation aimed to identify central differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GDM. The transcription profiling by array data (E-MTAB-6418) was obtained from the ArrayExpress database. The DEGs between GDM samples and non-GDM samples were analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis were performed using ToppGene. Then we constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (STRING) and module analysis was performed. Subsequently, we constructed the miRNA–hub gene network and TF–hub gene regulatory network. The validation of hub genes was performed through receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Finally, the candidate small molecules as potential drugs to treat GDM were predicted by using molecular docking. Through transcription profiling by array data, a total of 869 DEGs were detected including 439 up-regulated and 430 down-regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis showed these DEGs were mainly enriched in reproduction, cell adhesion, cell surface interactions at the vascular wall and extracellular matrix organization. Ten genes, HSP90AA1, EGFR, RPS13, RBX1, PAK1, FYN, ABL1, SMAD3, STAT3 and PRKCA were associated with GDM, according to ROC analysis. Finally, the most significant small molecules were predicted based on molecular docking. This investigation identified hub genes, signal pathways and therapeutic agents, which might help us, enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of GDM and find some novel therapeutic agents for GDM.
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11
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Zhu Y, Wei SM, Yan KX, Gu YX, Lai HC, Qiao SC. Bovine-Derived Xenografts Immobilized With Cryopreserved Stem Cells From Human Adipose and Dental Pulp Tissues Promote Bone Regeneration: A Radiographic and Histological Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:646690. [PMID: 33912548 PMCID: PMC8075412 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.646690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have become promising sources for bone tissue engineering. Our study aimed at evaluating bone regeneration potential of cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs combined with bovine-derived xenografts with 10% porcine collagen. In vitro studies revealed that although DPSCs had higher proliferative abilities, ADSCs exhibited greater mineral depositions and higher osteogenic-related gene expression, indicating better osteogenic differentiation potential of ADSCs. After applying cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs in a critical-sized calvarial defect model, both cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved bone volume density and new bone area at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Furthermore, the combined treatment with ADSCs and xenografts was more efficient in enhancing bone repair processes compared to combined treatment with DPCSs at all-time points. We also evaluated the sequential early bone healing process both histologically and radiographically, confirming a high agreement between these two methods. Based on these results, we propose grafting of the tissue-engineered construct seeded with cryopreserved ADSCs as a useful strategy in accelerating bone healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Min Wei
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Xiao Yan
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xin Gu
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Chang Lai
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Chong Qiao
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang Y, Song X, Lei R, Zhang N, Zhang L, Xiao W, Xu J, Lin J. Adipose-derived stem cell sheets combined with β-tricalcium phosphate/collagen-I fiber scaffold improve cell osteogenesis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:452. [PMID: 33747187 PMCID: PMC7967868 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of cell-based material is a promising approach for the treatment of critical bone defects. However, it is still limited by the lack of suitable scaffold material or abundant seeding cell sources. The present study aimed to establish a novel composite of an adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheet and a synthetic porous β-tricalcium phosphate/collagen-I fiber (β-TCP/COL-I) scaffold to enhance osteogenic activity. ADSCs were isolated from 3-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats and the ADSC sheets were prepared in an osteoinductive medium. The study groups included the ADSC sheets/scaffold, scattered ADSCs/scaffold, ADSC sheet alone and scaffold alone. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry were used to observe cell-scaffold interactions and analyze the relative calcium content on the composites' surface. Alizarin red S staining was used to examine the calcium deposition. ELISA and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN). The results revealed that ADSCs were able to tightly adhere to the β-TCP/COL-I scaffold with no cytotoxicity. The calcifying nodules reaction was positive on ADSC sheets and gradually increased after osteogenic induction. In addition, the β-TCP/COL-I scaffold combined with ADSC sheets was able to significantly enhance the expression levels of ALP, OCN and OPN and increase the superficial relative calcium content compared to scattered ADSCs/scaffold or the ADSC sheet alone (P<0.05). The results indicated that ADSCs possess a strong osteogenic potential, particularly in the cell-sheet form and when compounded with the β-TCP/COL-I scaffold, compared to scattered ADSCs with a β-TCP/COL-I scaffold or an ADSC sheet alone. This novel composite may be a promising candidate for bone engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojia Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Hangzhou Stomatology Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Dental Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Liangping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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13
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Sun X, Ma Z, Zhao X, Jin W, Zhang C, Ma J, Qiang L, Wang W, Deng Q, Yang H, Zhao J, Liang Q, Zhou X, Li T, Wang J. Three-dimensional bioprinting of multicell-laden scaffolds containing bone morphogenic protein-4 for promoting M2 macrophage polarization and accelerating bone defect repair in diabetes mellitus. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:757-769. [PMID: 33024897 PMCID: PMC7522044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defect repair in patients with diabetes mellitus remains a challenge in clinical treatment because of dysfunction of macrophage polarization and the inflammatory microenvironment in the bone defect region. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffolds loaded with live cells and bioactive factors can improve cell viability and the inflammatory microenvironment and further accelerating bone repair. Here, we used modified bioinks comprising gelatin, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate (PEG) to fabricate 3D bioprinted scaffolds containing BMSCs, RAW264.7 macrophages, and BMP-4-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Addition of MSNs effectively improved the mechanical strength of GelMA/gelatin/PEG scaffolds. Moreover, MSNs sustainably released BMP-4 for long-term effectiveness. In 3D bioprinted scaffolds, BMP-4 promoted the polarization of RAW264.7 to M2 macrophages, which secrete anti-inflammatory factors and thereby reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory factors. BMP-4 released from MSNs and BMP-2 secreted from M2 macrophages collectively stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in the 3D bioprinted scaffolds. Furthermore, in calvarial critical-size defect models of diabetic rats, 3D bioprinted scaffolds loaded with MSNs/BMP-4 induced M2 macrophage polarization and improved the inflammatory microenvironment. And 3D bioprinted scaffolds with MSNs/BMP-4, BMSCs, and RAW264.7 cells significantly accelerated bone repair. In conclusion, our results indicated that implanting 3D bioprinted scaffolds containing MSNs/BMP-4, BMSCs, and RAW264.7 cells in bone defects may be an effective method for improving diabetic bone repair, owing to the direct effects of BMP-4 on promoting osteogenesis of BMSCs and regulating M2 type macrophage polarization to improve the inflammatory microenvironment and secrete BMP-2. The GelMA/gelatin/PEG/MSN composite bioinks showed satisfactory printability, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility. The sustained release of BMP-4 from MSNs induced M2 macrophage polarization and thereby inhibited inflammatory reactions. Loading of BMP-4 and secretion of BMP-2 by M2 type macrophages accelerated bone repair in DM bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Department of Radiology, Minhang Hospital of Fudan University, Minhang Central Hospital, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Southwest JiaoTong University College of Medicine, No. 111 North 1st Section of Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Southwest JiaoTong University College of Medicine, No. 111 North 1st Section of Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Southwest JiaoTong University College of Medicine, No. 111 North 1st Section of Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 1956 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, No. 2999, North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
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14
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Kuterbekov M, Jonas AM, Glinel K, Picart C. Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells: From Bench to Clinics. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:461-474. [PMID: 32098603 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In addition to mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) are an attractive source for a large variety of cell-based therapies. One of their most important potential applications is related to the regeneration of bone tissue thanks to their capacity to differentiate in bone cells. However, this requires a proper control of their osteogenic differentiation, which depends not only on the initial characteristics of harvested cells but also on the conditions used for their culture. In this review, we first briefly describe the preclinical and clinical trials using ASCs for bone regeneration and present the quantitative parameters used to characterize the osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. We then focus on the soluble factors influencing the osteogenic differentiation of ACS, including the steroid hormones and various growth factors, notably the most osteoinductive ones, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Impact statement Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are reviewed for their use in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirasbek Kuterbekov
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences (Bio & Soft Matter), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Grenoble Institute of Technology, University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, Grenoble, France
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences (Bio & Soft Matter), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Institute of Condensed Matter & Nanosciences (Bio & Soft Matter), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Catherine Picart
- Grenoble Institute of Technology, University Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, Grenoble, France.,Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine Lab, CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Université Grenoble-Alpes/CEA/CNRS, Grenoble, France
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