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Ma Y, Gu T, He S, He S, Jiang Z. Development of stem cell therapy for atherosclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:779-791. [PMID: 37178375 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a high incidence and low cure rate worldwide, and atherosclerosis (AS) is the main factor inducing cardiovascular disease, of which lipid deposition in the vessel wall is the main marker of AS. Currently, although statins can be used to lower lipids and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in AS, the cure rate for AS remains low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches, and stem cells are now widely studied, while stem cells are a class of cell types that always maintain the ability to differentiate and can differentiate to form other cells and tissues, and stem cell transplantation techniques have shown efficacy in the treatment of other diseases. With the establishment of cellular therapies and continued research in stem cell technology, stem cells are also being used to address the problem of AS. In this paper, we focus on recent research advances in stem cell therapy for AS and briefly summarize the relevant factors that induce the formation of AS. We mainly discuss the efficacy and application prospects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of AS, in addition to the partial role and potential of exosomes in the treatment of AS. Further, provide new ideas for the clinical application of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Tianhe Gu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi He
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shuya He
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Wang F, Qin K, Wang K, Wang H, Liu Q, Qian M, Chen S, Sun Y, Hou J, Wei Y, Hu Y, Li Z, Xu Q, Zhao Q. Nitric oxide improves regeneration and prevents calcification in bio-hybrid vascular grafts via regulation of vascular stem/progenitor cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110981. [PMID: 35732119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular bypass surgery continues to use autologous grafts and often suffers from a shortage of donor grafts. Decellularized xenografts derived from porcine veins provide a promising candidate because of their abundant availability and low immunogenicity. Unfortunately, transplantation outcomes are far from satisfactory because of insufficient regeneration and adverse pathologic remodeling. Herein, a nitrate-functionalized prosthesis has been incorporated into a decellularized porcine vein graft to fabricate a bio-hybrid vascular graft with local delivery of nitric oxide (NO). Exogenous NO efficiently promotes vascular regeneration and attenuates intimal hyperplasia and vascular calcification in both rabbit and mouse models. The underlying mechanism was investigated using a Sca1 2A-CreER; Rosa-RFP genetic-lineage-tracing mouse model that reveals that Sca1+ stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) are major contributors to vascular regeneration and remodeling, and NO plays a critical role in regulating SPC fate. These results support the translational potential of this off-the-shelf vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Kang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shang Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jingli Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yongzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Zhang M, Che C, Cheng J, Li P, Yang Y. Ion channels in stem cells and their roles in stem cell biology and vascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:63-73. [PMID: 35143836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy may be a promising option for the treatment of vascular diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made in stem cell research, especially in the mechanism of stem cell activation, homing and differentiation in vascular repair and reconstruction. Current research on stem cells focuses on protein expression and transcriptional networks. Ion channels are considered to be the basis for the generation of bioelectrical signals, which control the proliferation, differentiation and migration of various cell types. Although heterogeneity of multiple ion channels has been found in different types of stem cells, it is unclear whether the heterogeneous expression of ion channels is related to different cell subpopulations and/or different stages of the cell cycle. There is still a long way to go in clinical treatment by using the regulation of stem cell ion channels. In this review, we reviewed the main ion channels found on stem cells, their expression and function in stem cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and the research status of stem cells' involvement in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chang Che
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Li Y, Kwong DLW, Wu VWC, Yip SP, Law HKW, Lee SWY, Ying MTC. Computer-assisted ultrasound assessment of plaque characteristics in radiation-induced and non-radiation-induced carotid atherosclerosis. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:2292-2306. [PMID: 34079702 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background This study investigated the feasibility of using a computer-assisted method to evaluate and differentiate the carotid plaque characteristics in radiation-induced and non-radiation-induced carotid atherosclerosis. Methods This study included 107 post-radiotherapy (post-RT) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and 110 subjects with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). Each participant had a carotid ultrasound examination, and carotid plaques and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were evaluated with grey scale ultrasound. The carotid plaque characteristics were evaluated for grey-scale median (GSM) and detailed plaque texture analysis (DPTA) using specific computer software. In DPTA, five different intra-plaque components were colour-coded according to different grey scale ranges. A multivariate linear regression model was used to evaluate the correlation of risk factors and carotid plaque characteristics. Results Post-RT NPC patients have significantly higher CIMT (748±15.1 µm, P=0.001), more patients had a plaque formation (80.4%, P<0.001) and more plaque locations (2.3±0.2, P<0.001) than CVRF subjects (680.4±10.0 µm, 38.2% and 0.5±0.1 respectively). Among the five intra-plaque components, radiation-induced carotid plaques had significantly larger area of calcification (4.8%±7.7%, P=0.012), but lesser area of lipid (42.1%±16.9%, P=0.034) when compared to non-radiation-induced carotid plaques (3.0%±5.7% and 46.3%±17.9% respectively). Age, radiation and number of CVRF were significantly associated with the carotid atherosclerosis burden (P<0.001). Besides, age was significantly associated with the amount of lipid and calcification within carotid plaques (P<0.001). Conclusions Radiation caused more severe carotid artery disease than CVRF with larger CIMT and more prevalent of carotid plaque. Radiation-induced carotid plaques tended to have more intra-plaque calcifications, whereas non-radiation-induced carotid plaques had more lipids. Ultrasound aided by computer-assisted image analysis has potential for more accurate assessment of carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxi Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Wing-Cheung Wu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shea-Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Ka-Wai Law
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shara Wee-Yee Lee
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Tin-Cheung Ying
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Biros E, Reznik JE, Moran CS. Role of inflammatory cytokines in genesis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:138-142. [PMID: 33571665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis demonstrates an increased rate of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plasticity characterized by switching from the differentiated contractile phenotype to a de-differentiated synthetic state. In healthy blood vessels, phenotypic switching represents a fundamental property of VSMC in maintaining vascular homeostasis. However, in atherosclerosis, it is an initial and necessary step in VSMC-derived foam cell formation. These foam cells play a decisive role in atherosclerosis progression since approximately half of all the foam cells are of VSMC origin. Our recent work showed that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a primary inflammatory cytokine in progressive atherosclerosis, mediates VSMC phenotype switching exclusively through upregulating mini-tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (mini-TrpRS). Here, we discuss the pro-atherosclerotic implication of this phenomenon that inevitably occurs in the context of a more complex regulation mediated by IFN-γ. An emerging therapeutic option for patients with progressive atherosclerosis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Biros
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline E Reznik
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Reinhold S, Blankesteijn WM, Foulquier S. The Interplay of WNT and PPARγ Signaling in Vascular Calcification. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122658. [PMID: 33322009 PMCID: PMC7763279 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), the ectopic deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the vessel wall, is one of the primary contributors to cardiovascular death. The pathology of VC is determined by vascular topography, pre-existing diseases, and our genetic heritage. VC evolves from inflammation, mediated by macrophages, and from the osteochondrogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the atherosclerotic plaque. This pathologic transition partly resembles endochondral ossification, involving the chronologically ordered activation of the β-catenin-independent and -dependent Wingless and Int-1 (WNT) pathways and the termination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signal transduction. Several atherosclerotic plaque studies confirmed the differential activity of PPARγ and the WNT signaling pathways in VC. Notably, the actively regulated β-catenin-dependent and -independent WNT signals increase the osteochondrogenic transformation of VSMC through the up-regulation of the osteochondrogenic transcription factors SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In addition, we have reported studies showing that WNT signaling pathways may be antagonized by PPARγ activation via the expression of different families of WNT inhibitors and through its direct interaction with β-catenin. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on WNT and PPARγ signaling and their interplay during the osteochondrogenic differentiation of VSMC in VC. Finally, we discuss knowledge gaps on this interplay and its possible clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reinhold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - W. Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
| | - Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (W.M.B.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-433881409
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Yu L, Li M. Roles of klotho and stem cells in mediating vascular calcification (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:124. [PMID: 33005250 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, characterized by the active deposition of calcium phosphate in the vascular walls, is commonly observed in aging, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. This process is mediated by different cell types, including vascular stem/progenitor cells. The anti-aging protein klotho may act as an inhibitor of vascular calcification through direct effects on vascular stem/progenitor cells with osteogenic differentiation potential. A better understanding of the possible effects of klotho on vascular stem/progenitor cells may provide novel insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of klotho deficiency-related vascular calcification and disease. The klotho protein may be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for treating vascular calcification and disease and calcification-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhu Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China.,Departments of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Mincai Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China.,Departments of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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The voltage-gated proton channel hHv1 is functionally expressed in human chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7100. [PMID: 32346069 PMCID: PMC7188850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is widely expressed, among others, in immune and cancer cells, it provides an efficient cytosolic H+extrusion mechanism and regulates vital functions such as oxidative burst, migration and proliferation. Here we demonstrate the presence of human Hv1 (hHv1) in the placenta/chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) using RT-PCR. The voltage- and pH-dependent gating of the current is similar to that of hHv1 expressed in cell lines and that the current is blocked by 5-chloro-2-guanidinobenzimidazole (ClGBI) and activated by arachidonic acid (AA). Inhibition of hHv1 by ClGBI significantly decreases mineral matrix production of cMSCs induced by conditions mimicking physiological or pathological (inorganic phosphate, Pi) induction of osteogenesis. Wound healing assay and single cell motility analysis show that ClGBI significantly inhibits the migration of cMSCs. Thus, seminal functions of cMSCs are modulated by hHv1 which makes this channel as an attractive target for controlling advantages/disadvantages of MSCs therapy.
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Hou YC, Lu CL, Zheng CM, Liu WC, Yen TH, Chen RM, Lin YF, Chao CT, Lu KC. The Role of Vitamin D in Modulating Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072466. [PMID: 32252330 PMCID: PMC7177675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, which involves the deposition of calcifying particles within the arterial wall, is mediated by atherosclerosis, vascular smooth muscle cell osteoblastic changes, adventitial mesenchymal stem cell osteoblastic differentiation, and insufficiency of the calcification inhibitors. Recent observations implied a role for mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in vascular calcification. Mesenchymal stem cells reside in the bone marrow and the adventitial layer of arteries. Endothelial progenitor cells that originate from the bone marrow are an important mechanism for repairing injured endothelial cells. Mesenchymal stem cells may differentiate osteogenically by inflammation or by specific stimuli, which can activate calcification. However, the bioactive substances secreted from mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to mitigate vascular calcification by suppressing inflammation, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and the Wingless-INT signal. Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to vascular calcification. Vitamin D supplement has been used to modulate the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and to lessen vascular injury by stimulating adhesion and migration of endothelial progenitor cells. This narrative review clarifies the role of mesenchymal stem cells and the possible role of vitamin D in the mechanisms of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-M.Z.); (W.-C.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-M.Z.); (W.-C.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-M.Z.); (W.-C.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung City 43304, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-M.Z.); (W.-C.L.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Nephrology division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, Taipei 108, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-T.C.); (K.-C.L.)
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-T.C.); (K.-C.L.)
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Pathological Mineralization: The Potential of Mineralomics. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193126. [PMID: 31557841 PMCID: PMC6804219 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathological mineralization has been reported countless times in the literature and is a well-known phenomenon in the medical field for its connections to a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. The minerals involved in calcification, however, have not been directly studied as extensively as the organic components of each of the pathologies. These have been studied in isolation and, for most of them, physicochemical properties are hitherto not fully known. In a parallel development, materials science methods such as electron microscopy, spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and others have been used in biology mainly for the study of hard tissues and biomaterials and have only recently been incorporated in the study of other biological systems. This review connects a range of soft tissue diseases, including breast cancer, age-related macular degeneration, aortic valve stenosis, kidney stone diseases, and Fahr’s syndrome, all of which have been associated with mineralization processes. Furthermore, it describes how physicochemical material characterization methods have been used to provide new information on such pathologies. Here, we focus on diseases that are associated with calcium-composed minerals to discuss how understanding the properties of these minerals can provide new insights on their origins, considering that different conditions and biological features are required for each type of mineral to be formed. We show that mineralomics, or the study of the properties and roles of minerals, can provide information which will help to improve prevention methods against pathological mineral build-up, which in the cases of most of the diseases mentioned in this review, will ultimately lead to new prevention or treatment methods for the diseases. Importantly, this review aims to highlight that chemical composition alone cannot fully support conclusions drawn on the nature of these minerals.
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