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Wang F, Shang Y. Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2, a potential target of D-tryptophan in asthma treatment, regulates T helper cell type 1/2 balance. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111581. [PMID: 38310765 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. D-tryptophan (D-TRP) can inhibit allergic airway inflammation and T helper cell type 2 (Th2) immune response. RNA-sequencing results have indicated that radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing 2 (RSAD2) might be a potential molecular target of D-TRP in asthma treatment. Herein, we established a mouse model of asthma using ovalbumin (OVA) via intraperitoneal injection and inhalational challenge. Gain- and loss-of-function studies of RSAD2 were performed in mice following the intratracheal delivery of lentiviral vectors (3 × 106 TU/mL). Naïve CD-4+ T cells were isolated from the spleen and used to explore the effects of RSAD2 on Th2 cell differentiation. RSAD2 expression was higher in the asthma group than in the control group. RSAD2 knockdown alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced the number of goblet cells. Low RSAD2 expression decreased the levels of IgE, IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, and it reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RSAD2 silencing suppressed Th2-related cytokine levels (such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and increased Th1-related cytokine levels (such as IFN-γ). Additionally, RSAD2 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK1, JAK3, and STAT6, and downregulated GATA-3 expression. RSAD2 overexpression increased inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus secretion in the lung tissues of mice pretreated with D-TRP. D-TRP pretreatment reduced OVA-specific IgE content and IL-4 and IL-5 levels, and it increased the IFN-γ levels; however, RSAD2 overexpression reversed these effects. In conclusion, RSAD2 knockdown can mitigate OVA-induced asthma by regulating the Th2 immune response via JAK/STAT6 pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Elafify M, Darwish WS, El-Toukhy M, Badawy BM, Mohamed RE, Shata RR. Prevalence of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. in dairy products with the evaluation of the inhibitory effects of ascorbic acid, pomegranate peel extract, and D-tryptophan against Salmonella growth in cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 364:109534. [PMID: 35033976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigation of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. in the retailed dairies in Egypt. Besides, the inhibitory effects of some natural additives, including, ascorbic acid, pomegranate peel extract, and D-tryptophan against the isolated Salmonella were evaluated using soft cheese as a food matrix. To reach to this end, different Egyptian retail dairy products were investigated; 30 samples of each product were analyzed. Kariesh cheese samples had the highest Salmonella prevalence rate at 16.67%, followed by market raw milk, and bulk tank milk at 6.66% each, and white soft cheese at 3.33%. Serological examination exhibited 5 different Salmonella serotypes, namely S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Virchow, S. Larochelle, and S. Apeyeme. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 100% of the isolates possessed resistance to erythromycin, oxacillin, and nalidixic acid. Some isolates of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were resistant to all 14 examined antibiotics. Isolates of S. Enteritidis obtained in this study were used to contaminate the freshly prepared soft cheese. Treatment of the artificially Salmonella-contaminated soft cheese with pomegranate peel extract, ascorbic acid, and D-tryptophan revealed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in Salmonella growth in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the examined natural additives can be viewed as a promising new line of preservatives for dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elafify
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Marwa El-Toukhy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma M Badawy
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rehab E Mohamed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Radwa Reda Shata
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Jimenez EC. Post-translationally modified conopeptides: Biological activities and pharmacological applications. Peptides 2021; 139:170525. [PMID: 33684482 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Conus venoms comprise a large variety of biologically active peptides (conopeptides or conotoxins) that are employed for prey capture and other biological functions. Throughout the course of evolution of the cone snails, they have developed an envenomation scheme that necessitates a potent mixture of peptides, most of which are highly post-translationally modified, that can cause rapid paralysis of their prey. The great diversity of these peptides defines the ecological interactions and evolutionary strategy of cone snails. Such scheme has led to some pharmacological applications for pain, epilepsy, and myocardial infarction, that could be further explored to ultimately find unique peptide-based therapies. This review focuses on ∼ 60 representative post-translationally modified conopeptides that were isolated from Conus venoms. Various conopeptides reveal post-translational modifications of specific amino acids, such as hydroxylation of proline and lysine, gamma-carboxylation of glutamate, formation of N-terminal pyroglutamate, isomerization of l- to d-amino acid, bromination of tryptophan, O-glycosylation of threonine or serine, sulfation of tyrosine, and cysteinylation of cysteine, other than the more common disulfide crosslinking and C-terminal amidation. Many of the post-translationally modified peptides paved the way for the characterization, by alternative analytical methods, of other pharmacologically important peptides that are classified under 27 conopeptide families denoting pharmacological classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie C Jimenez
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio City, 2600, Philippines.
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Biros E, Reznik JE, Moran CS. Role of inflammatory cytokines in genesis and treatment of atherosclerosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2021; 32:138-142. [PMID: 33571665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis demonstrates an increased rate of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plasticity characterized by switching from the differentiated contractile phenotype to a de-differentiated synthetic state. In healthy blood vessels, phenotypic switching represents a fundamental property of VSMC in maintaining vascular homeostasis. However, in atherosclerosis, it is an initial and necessary step in VSMC-derived foam cell formation. These foam cells play a decisive role in atherosclerosis progression since approximately half of all the foam cells are of VSMC origin. Our recent work showed that interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a primary inflammatory cytokine in progressive atherosclerosis, mediates VSMC phenotype switching exclusively through upregulating mini-tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (mini-TrpRS). Here, we discuss the pro-atherosclerotic implication of this phenomenon that inevitably occurs in the context of a more complex regulation mediated by IFN-γ. An emerging therapeutic option for patients with progressive atherosclerosis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Biros
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline E Reznik
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Kepert I, Fonseca J, Müller C, Milger K, Hochwind K, Kostric M, Fedoseeva M, Ohnmacht C, Dehmel S, Nathan P, Bartel S, Eickelberg O, Schloter M, Hartmann A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Krauss-Etschmann S. D-tryptophan from probiotic bacteria influences the gut microbiome and allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1525-1535. [PMID: 27670239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic immune diseases, such as asthma, are highly prevalent. Currently available pharmaceuticals improve symptoms but cannot cure the disease. This prompted demands for alternatives to pharmaceuticals, such as probiotics, for the prevention of allergic disease. However, clinical trials have produced inconsistent results. This is at least partly explained by the highly complex crosstalk among probiotic bacteria, the host's microbiota, and immune cells. The identification of a bioactive substance from probiotic bacteria could circumvent this difficulty. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify and characterize a bioactive probiotic metabolite for potential prevention of allergic airway disease. METHODS Probiotic supernatants were screened for their ability to concordantly decrease the constitutive CCL17 secretion of a human Hodgkin lymphoma cell line and prevent upregulation of costimulatory molecules of LPS-stimulated human dendritic cells. RESULTS Supernatants from 13 of 37 tested probiotic strains showed immunoactivity. Bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation of 2 supernatants according to polarity, followed by total ion chromatography and mass spectrometry, yielded C11H12N2O2 as the molecular formula of a bioactive substance. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and enantiomeric separation identified D-tryptophan. In contrast, L-tryptophan and 11 other D-amino acids were inactive. Feeding D-tryptophan to mice before experimental asthma induction increased numbers of lung and gut regulatory T cells, decreased lung TH2 responses, and ameliorated allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Allergic airway inflammation reduced gut microbial diversity, which was increased by D-tryptophan. CONCLUSIONS D-tryptophan is a newly identified product from probiotic bacteria. Our findings support the concept that defined bacterial products can be exploited in novel preventative strategies for chronic immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Kepert
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliano Fonseca
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Constanze Müller
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Milger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hochwind
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Matea Kostric
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Maria Fedoseeva
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung research (DZL), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung research (DZL), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Dehmel
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Nathan
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Division of Experimental Asthma Research, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Anton Hartmann
- Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BGC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany; Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Muenchen, Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Division of Experimental Asthma Research, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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