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Karantas ID, Miliotou AN, Siafaka PI. An Updated Review For Hyperuricemia and Gout Management; Special Focus on the Available Drug Delivery Systems and Clinical Trials. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5856-5883. [PMID: 37559248 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230809143758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia belongs to metabolic syndromes where increased uric acid levels are identified in the blood serum. Such a syndrome could be responsible for kidney stone formation, gout, hypertension, and chronic kidney diseases. It has been reported that cardiovascular risks have been linked with hyperuricemia. Gout is of the most frequent manifestations due to hyperuricemia; its management involves various pharmacological available options and dietary changes. Throughout the literature, various dosage forms are studied as alternative options to the present drug delivery systems. OBJECTIVE To update and summarize the current information for gout and hyperuricemia management. METHODS Authors have performed a thorough literature research from 2010-2023 using keywords such as hyperuricemia, gout, diagnosis, guidelines, drug delivery and clinical trials. The databases used were PubMed, ScienceDirect. According to our inclusion criteria, all studies which include the previous terms, as well as drugs or other molecules that can be applied for gout and/or hyperuricemia management, were added. RESULTS In this article, authors have summarized the pathogenesis, diagnosis and updated guidelines for gout and hyperuricemia management. Moreover, the authors have reviewed and discussed current drug delivery systems found in the literature, including drugs targeting the above disorders. Finally, the available clinical trials assessing the efficacy of newer drugs or combinations of the past ones, are being discussed. CONCLUSION The available drugs and dosage forms are limited, and therefore, scientific society should focus on the development of more efficient drug delivery systems for hyperuricemia and gout management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Androulla N Miliotou
- Department of Health Sciences, KES College, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panoraia I Siafaka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Du K, Zhou Q, Wang Z, Mo C, Dong W, Wei N, Zhong W, You Y, Wang Y, Wang Z. Polydatin ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress associated with MSU-induced gouty arthritis in mice by regulating PPAR-γ and ferritin activation. Life Sci 2023:121766. [PMID: 37209866 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc is one of the commonly used herbs for the treatment of gouty arthritis, and polydatin is one of its main effective components. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of polydatin for the treatment of gout. MAIN METHODS The ankle joint of C57BL/6 mice were injected with MSU suspensions to simulate human gouty arthritis, and oral treatment with polydatin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight) was performed at 1 h after MSU crystal injection. The effect of polydatin on model mice was evaluated by measuring ankle swelling, gait, histopathological analysis, proinflammatory cytokine expression, as well as the contents of NO, MDA and GSH. The targets of polydatin were explored by Real-Time PCR and IHC. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with polydatin inhibited ankle swelling, improved abnormal gait, and reduced ankle lesions dose-dependently. Moreover, polydatin decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and promoted expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine. In addition, polydatin inhibited MSU-induced oxidative stress by decreasing oxidative product (NO, MDA) generation and promote the antioxidant (GSH). Further, we found that polydatin reduced inflammation by decreasing the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome component via activating PPAR-γ. Moreover, polydatin can protect against iron overload and attenuate oxidative stress by promoting the activation of ferritin. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicates that polydatin ameliorates MSU-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating PPAR-γ and ferritin activation in gouty arthritis model mice, and this research result suggests that polydatin has therapeutic potential for the treatment of gout in humans through multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Baiyunshan Ming Xing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; GuangZhou (Jinan)Biomedical Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Chou Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; GuangZhou (Jinan)Biomedical Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; GuangZhou (Jinan)Biomedical Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; GuangZhou (Jinan)Biomedical Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenshen Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; GuangZhou (Jinan)Biomedical Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuejiao You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; GuangZhou (Jinan)Biomedical Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; GuangZhou (Jinan)Biomedical Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China.
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Lee JH, Kim HS, Lee JH, Yang G, Kim HJ. Natural Products as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Gout. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:861399. [PMID: 35370689 PMCID: PMC8967252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis. It occurs when monosodium urate crystals (MSU) are deposited within joints due to hyperuricemia and persistent elevations of serum uric acid levels. Traditional gout treatment such as urate-lowering therapy is difficult to continue for a long period of time due to the risk of side effects. Recent studies have shown that the modulation of MSU-induced inflammatory responses is dependent on the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which has a central role in a chain of processes involving multiple cytokines and mediators. In this regard, the NLRP3 inflammasome is known to play a crucial part and thus has been proposed as a novel target in the treatment for gout. However, the biochemical mechanism for NLRP3 inflammasome activation has not yet been clearly elucidated. Therefore, this report can provide an overview of natural extractions targeted to prevent or treat NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated gout in the MSU-induced gout model. In addition, the research and development of such natural products are suggested as a potential strategy in the treatment of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- College of Korea Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Science and Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- College of Korea Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Gabsik Yang
- College of Korea Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Hong Jun Kim
- College of Korea Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
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Chen J, Mei A, Liu X, Braunstein Z, Wei Y, Wang B, Duan L, Rao X, Rajagopalan S, Dong L, Zhong J. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Regulates Macrophage Migration in Monosodium Urate-Induced Peritoneal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:772446. [PMID: 35154099 PMCID: PMC8828485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.772446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an insulinotropic peptide that signals through the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). GLP-1R, therefore, plays a critical role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Whether GLP-1R is involved in inflammatory disease such as gout remains unclear. Macrophages are critical effector cells in the pathogenesis of gout, a common form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of uric acid in joints. The expression of GLP-1R at the protein level is controversial due to the lack of specificity of existing antibodies against GLP-1R. Using a transgenic mouse model expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of GLP-1R promoter, here we confirmed the expression of GLP-1R by macrophages. M2 type macrophages and Ly6C+ macrophages expressed higher levels of GLP-1R, compared to their counterparts. GLP-1R deficient macrophages displayed a reduced the migratory ability and an enhanced expression of interleukin (IL)-6, while the expression of IL-1β was not affected. In monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced peritonitis, an experimental model of gout, the recruitment of macrophages, especially M2 macrophages, was significantly suppressed in GLP-1R knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. In conclusion, our data suggests that GLP-1R plays a critical role in macrophage migration in MSU-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Aihua Mei
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yingying Wei
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jixin Zhong, ; Lingli Dong, ; Sanjay Rajagopalan,
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jixin Zhong, ; Lingli Dong, ; Sanjay Rajagopalan,
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jixin Zhong, ; Lingli Dong, ; Sanjay Rajagopalan,
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Liang H, Deng P, Ma YF, Wu Y, Ma ZH, Zhang W, Wu JD, Qi YZ, Pan XY, Huang FS, Lv SY, Han JL, Dai WD, Chen Z. Advances in Experimental and Clinical Research of the Gouty Arthritis Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8698232. [PMID: 34721646 PMCID: PMC8550850 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8698232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gouty arthritis (GA) is a multifactorial disease whose pathogenesis is utterly complex, and the current clinical treatment methods cannot wholly prevent GA development. Western medicine is the primary treatment strategy for gouty arthritis, but it owns an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of GA are essential. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been adopted for GA prevention and treatment for thousands of years. Gout patients are usually treated with TCM according to their different conditions, and long-term results can be achieved by improving their physical condition. And TCM has been proved to be an effective method to treat gout in modern China. Nevertheless, the pharmacological mechanism of TCM for gout is still unclear, which limits its spread. The theory of prevention and treatment of gout with TCM is more well acknowledged in China than in abroad. In this article, Chinese herbs and ancient formula for gout were summarized first. A total of more than 570 studies published from 2004 to June 2021 in PubMed, Medline, CNKI, VIP, Web of Science databases and Chinese Pharmacopoeia and traditional Chinese books were searched; the current status of TCM in the treatment of GA was summarized from the following aspects: articular chondrocyte apoptosis inhibition, antioxidative stress response, inflammatory cytokine levels regulation, uric acid excretion promotion, immune function regulation, uric acid reduction, and intestinal flora improvement in subjects with gout. The literature review concluded that TCM has a specific curative effect on the prevention and treatment of GA, particularly when combined with modern medical approaches. However, lacking a uniform definition of GA syndrome differentiation and the support of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice have provoked considerable concern in previous studies, which needs to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pin Deng
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Feng Ma
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhan-Hua Ma
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun-De Wu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yin-Ze Qi
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xu-Yue Pan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fa-Sen Huang
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Si-Yuan Lv
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing-Lu Han
- School of Graduates, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Da Dai
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhaojun Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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He M, Hu C, Chen M, Gao Q, Li L, Tian W. Effects of Gentiopicroside on activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in acute gouty arthritis mice induced by MSU. J Nat Med 2021; 76:178-187. [PMID: 34586567 PMCID: PMC8732881 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute gouty arthritis is a self-limiting inflammatory disease resulting from the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. It has been shown that Gentiopicroside (GPS) possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic functions. The aim of this study was to parse out whether GPS has an effect on acute gouty arthritis. We established an acute gouty arthritis model by the injection of MSU into the paw, and found that GPS relieves MSU-induced mechanical, thermal hyperalgesia, and paw swelling. Furthermore, GPS down-regulated the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in paw tissues, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α. The results of H&E staining and MPO activity measurement showed that GPS inhibits neutrophil infiltration. And the over-expressions of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and Caspase-1 induced by MSU were inhibited by treatment with GPS. These results revealed that GPS can treat acute gouty arthritis based on anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo, which might be ascribed to the inhibition on NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we performed in vitro study to confirm the results of in vivo study. Consistently, the results proved that GPS could inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by LPS-MSU. In conclusion, this study provides an experimental basis for the application of GPS and expands the potential value of GPS in the therapy of acute gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Gao
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqiu Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiqian Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Management of Gout-associated MSU crystals-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by procyanidin B2: targeting IL-1β and Cathepsin B in macrophages. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1481-1493. [PMID: 33006110 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gout, the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis worldwide, released interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Cathepsin B inflammatory mediators that constitute the hallmark of the disease. Herein we aimed to investigate whether procyanidin B2 (PCB2), a natural dietary compound, can suppress MSU crystals-stimulated gouty inflammation. Treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus MSU, both mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) released a large amount of mature IL-1β compared to those treated with MSU or LPS alone, while IL-1β release was blocked by TLR4 and its downstream effector inhibitors. In two mouse models of gout, oral administration of PCB2 suppressed MSU crystals-induced increasing expression of IL-1β, Cathepsin B and NLRP3 in the air pouch skin and paws, accompanied with the downregulation prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in pouch exudates. Inflammatory immune cell infiltration including macrophages and neutrophils were significantly blocked by PCB2 in air pouch skin and paws of mice gout groups. PCB2 also suppressed the release of IL-1β and Cathepsin B induced by MSU plus LPS in MPM. Our results suggest that the inhibitory effects of PCB2 on NLRP3 inflammasome may alleviate inflammatory response in gout, and this might be a promising anti-inflammatory mechanism of PCB2 against the inflammation in gout.
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