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Gondivkar SM, Yuwanati M, Sarode SC, Gadbail AR, Gondivkar R, Mohsin SF, Gaikwad R. Malignant transformation in oral submucous fibrosis: Tertiary level evidence: An umbrella review. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1818-1827. [PMID: 37650364 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An umbrella review is a systematic review of systematic reviews, which provides a tertiary level of evidence. This umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (SR-MA) aimed to determine the proportion of oral cancer (OC) development in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and grey literature. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and assessed for eligible papers. The methodological quality of SR-MA was evaluated using AMSTAR2, and we also checked the quality of evidence of the included papers. RESULTS Out of 454 papers identified in the primary search, 105 underwent eligibility screening. Inclusion criteria were met by four SR-MA. OC ratios ranged between 4.2% and 6% for OSF. Substantial heterogeneity was observed for this outcome in all four MA (I2 = 71.31% to 86.37%). None of the SRs assessed the quality of evidence, and half of them were judged to be of critically low methodological quality. CONCLUSION There is lack of quality of evidences and critically low methodological quality among SRs and MA leading to substantial heterogeneity. However, due to potentially malignant nature, OSF patients should be monitored carefully for early detection of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh M Gondivkar
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Monal Yuwanati
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Amol R Gadbail
- Department of Dentistry, Shree Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College and Hospital, Dhule, India
| | | | - Syed Fareed Mohsin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Quassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Gaikwad
- Department of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, College of Dentistry, Quassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Chandrakapure D, Sachdeva K, Agarwal K, Shukla A. Comparative Study of Injection Triamcinolone and Hyaluronidase Combination with Injection Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:3725-3732. [PMID: 37974729 PMCID: PMC10645765 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the results of injection triamcinolone and hyaluronidase combination with injection Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). Present study was carried out in randomly divided two groups of 30 patients each of OSMF who all are presented with chief complain of reduced mouth opening. Group A patients were given 1 ml of injection triamcinolone and hyaluronidase combination. Group B patients received 1 ml of injection Platelet Rich Plasma. Both injections were given intralesionally once a week for 6 weeks. Results of ANOVA shows significant better results in improving mouth opening in group B patients receiving injection Platelet Rich Plasma as a treatment. In Group A, patients shows improvement in Maximum interincisal distance (MIID) of mean 6.51 ± 1.02 mm as compared to the patients in group B shows improvement in MIID of mean 9.53 ± 1.06 mm (p value < 0.05). Treatment of OSMF with injection Platelet Rich Plasma is a novel method and found to be more efficient than treatment with injection triamcinolone and hyaluronidase combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Chandrakapure
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, MP, Plot No 97, Ayyappa Nagar, Kohka, Bhilai, Durg, CG 490023 India
| | - Kavita Sachdeva
- Department of ENT, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, India
| | - Kajal Agarwal
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, MP, Plot No 97, Ayyappa Nagar, Kohka, Bhilai, Durg, CG 490023 India
| | - Amrita Shukla
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, MP, Plot No 97, Ayyappa Nagar, Kohka, Bhilai, Durg, CG 490023 India
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Mahapatra M, Panda A, Kumar H, Barman D, Talukdar R, Dakshinakabat P. Lactate Dehydrogenase as a Biomarker in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e51008. [PMID: 38264399 PMCID: PMC10803290 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis was planned with the objective of evaluating the level of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in oral submucous fibrosis patients and in controls and comparing them. For this meta-analysis, we searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases using a search methodology that included combinations of MeSH terms and keywords and included cross-sectional studies to evaluate the levels of LDH in patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and compared it with the controls. The total number of records identified through database searching was 4161 (n). Analysis of the quality of the studies was done using the National Heart, Lungs and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tool for case-control studies. Twelve case-control studies which matched the inclusion criteria were included after the literature search. The meta-analysis was carried out using R Studio (version 4.1.3, 2022; The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The pooled estimate that has been calculated from the salivary LDH course for OSMF was 15.35% and from the serum LDH course for OSMF was 6.82%. There was a visual observation of the funnel's plot asymmetry suggesting publication bias. After adjusting the publication bias, the t2 values for salivary and serum LDH were 41% and 14.71%, respectively, which was less than 50%, indicating that the meta-analysis was statistically significant. The evaluation of salivary and serum LDH can be a useful method for early diagnosis of OSMF as well as OSCC. To infer that individuals may have OPMD or OSCC, specific values for salivary and serum LDH must be found in further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisha Mahapatra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Abikshyeet Panda
- Oral Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Harish Kumar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Diplina Barman
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, IND
| | - Rounik Talukdar
- Department of Community Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, IND
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J S, S L, Nair MV, R KT, Ramani P. Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Scleroderma: A Review of the Etiopathogenesis, Clinicopathological Correlation, and Management Aspects. Cureus 2023; 15:e44502. [PMID: 37791189 PMCID: PMC10544504 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, insidious premalignant disease with multifactorial etiology affecting any part of the oral cavity and sometimes the pharynx by triggering a rapid onset of trismus and dysphagia due to stiffness at the lips, cheek, pharynx, and upper oesophageal region. Submucous fibrosis resembles many auto-immune, dermatological, mucocutaneous, and fibrotic lesions that include scleroderma, amyloidosis, iron deficiency anemia, and systemic or generalized fibromatosis clinically and histologically. Several authors established an association between oral submucous fibrosis and scleroderma with predominant oral manifestations on the basis of similarity in clinical and histological characteristics despite different pathogenesis and prognostic aspects. Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder clinically manifested as fibrosis of the skin, blood vessels, and visceral organs with or without the involvement of the oral cavity. Thus, understanding the disease mechanism, appropriate early diagnosis, and clinical management of these two entities play an important role in disease prognosis and treatment outcomes. The present review was carried out to briefly present a concise overview of the etiopathogenesis, clinical, histological, diagnosis, and management aspects of OSMF and scleroderma based on the available literature, with special emphasis on similarities and differences between these two entities subsequently aiding in appropriate treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi J
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Lubnaz S
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Maneesha V Nair
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Karuna Thulasi R
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Priya Ramani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
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Gupta S, Subbappa A, Singh S, Sharma P, Singh A, Kumar A, Sandhu H, Nadar K. Challenges in the classification of oral submucous fibrosis and proposing a new classification based on systematic review of literature. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2023; 13:17-31. [PMID: 37153926 PMCID: PMC10155876 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_207_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives Oral submucous fibrosis is one of the common oral potentially malignant disorders that can result in severe morbidity. Due to its widespread involvement in the oral cavity and high risk of malignant transformation, the diagnosis and treatment of this disease at an early stage is essential to prevent further complications. This research was carried out to review various classification systems of oral submucous fibrosis documented in the literature to date, including their benefits and drawbacks, thus focusing on a need to discover some reliable classification systems. Materials and Methods An electronic search of the published English literature was performed without publication year limitation in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases using keywords like ('Oral submucous fibrosis' OR 'Oral submucous fibroses'), AND ('Classification' OR 'Grade' OR 'Stage'), AND ('Clinical', OR/ AND 'Histological', OR/AND 'Functional') following PRISMA guidelines. A manual search of all related Dental and Medical journals was also performed. We also checked the reference lists of the relevant articles for any other possible information on the subject. Results The search strategy revealed 31 relevant articles and it could be appreciated that oral submucous fibrosis has been classified in seven different ways. Each system is enclosed with its own limitations and benefits. Conclusion From this research, it can be concluded that despite the existence of several classification systems for oral submucous fibrosis, at present, no classification scheme is considered to be reliable that could help in the accurate assessment of the progression of the disease and classifying oral submucous fibrosis still remains a challenging task for clinicians, surgeons, and pathologists. We have postulated a proposed new classification system based on our literature research, but still robust research is needed in this aspect.
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Kulkarni R, Kalaskar A, Kalaskar R, Gupta N. Efficacy of spirulina in management of oral submucous fibrosis − a systematic review. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2021052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of spirulina in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Methodology: Databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO-host, Scopus, Science Direct, Clinical Trial Registry- India (CTRI) and Google scholar), review articles, bibliographies and related journal were searched from 1st January 2010 to 30th May 2020, using various combinations of MeSH terms and keywords. Results: A total of 5 clinical trials were analysed for the review, of which 4 were randomized controlled trials and 1 was non-randomized controlled trial. Mouth opening and burning sensation were analysed as primary outcome in all 5 studies. For both outcomes some studies reported statistically significant difference whereas others showed non-significant results on comparing with different interventions. Also, high risk of bias was observed among studies after performing quality analysis. Conclusion: Although the studies suggest efficacy of spirulina in management of OSF, but due to the high risk of bias there is a weak evidence regarding the effectiveness of spirulina in treating OSF. So, more uniform and standard trials on larger population should be carried out.
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He Y, Wang W, Jiang P, Yang L, Guo Q, Xiang J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Chen R. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Their Functional Mechanisms and Recent Research Progress. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5787-5800. [PMID: 34764671 PMCID: PMC8578048 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s337014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that most genomes are transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which can affect different cell characteristics. LncRNAs are long heterologous RNAs that regulate gene expression and various signaling pathways during homeostasis and development. Studies have shown that a lncRNA is an important regulatory molecule that can be targeted to change the physiology and function of cells. Expression or dysfunction of lncRNAs is closely related to various genetic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. The importance of ncRNAs in oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) has garnered much attention in recent years. However, most research has focused on miRs. The role of these molecules in OSF is incompletely understood. This review focuses on the emerging role and function of lncRNAs in OSF as novel regulators. Finally, the potential functional role of lncRNAs as biomarkers for OSF diagnosis is also described. LncRNAs are expected to become a new therapeutic target, but more research is needed to understand their biological functions more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong He
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Xiang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Gao
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Chen
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People's Republic of China
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Gupta S, Jawanda MK. Oral submucous fibrosis: An overview of a challenging entity. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:768-777. [PMID: 33969655 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_371_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is considered to be a mirror of the body's health, as it reflects the manifestations of various systemic disorders. Most of the oral mucosa is derived embryologically from an invagination of ectoderm and thus, like other similar orifices, it may become involved in the disorders that are primarily associated with the skin. Oral submucous fibrosis is one of the commonest precancerous conditions of the oral mucosa involving any part of the oral cavity resulting in tissue scarring, dysphagia and trismus. It is a collagen-related disorder characterized by excessive fibrosis in the oral submucosa, hyalinization and degenerative changes in the muscles. This disease has become a challenging entity for dermatologists due to resemblance of its features to various mucocutaneous conditions. An improper diagnosis can lead to wrong treatment and additional complications. Dermatologists need to be aware of the characteristic features of this disease which can distinguish it from other similar conditions. This review aims to focus on the detailed aspects of oral submucous fibrosis including its historical background, etiological factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, investigations, management and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology & Forensic Odontology, Rayat Bahra Dental College and Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Manveen Kaur Jawanda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology & Forensic Odontology, Luxmibai Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Rai A, Jain A, Arora A, Motiwale T. Oral submucous fibrosis in children: an alarming condition and challenges in management. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e238718. [PMID: 33758041 PMCID: PMC7993289 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a well-documented potentially malignant condition. It affects most commonly the adult patients of India and Indian subcontinent, only few cases affecting children have been reported in the literature. This paper presents three cases of OSF below the age of 12 years and reviews the aetiology, clinical presentation, treatment modalities in children with improved follow-up results. Clinical features like restricted mouth opening, burning sensation and history of betel nut chewing helps in the diagnosis of the patients, which can be confirmed by histopathological examination. Conservative management and oral physiotherapy in children help in improved mouth opening. Counselling the children, their friends and parents also plays a vital role. The present paper highlights that children on a larger scale are using tobacco products and further studies are required with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Rai
- Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Science - Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Jain
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science - Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aakash Arora
- Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Shree Bankey Bihari Dental College and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tejas Motiwale
- OMFS, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Shen YW, Shih YH, Fuh LJ, Shieh TM. Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Review on Biomarkers, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197231. [PMID: 33008091 PMCID: PMC7582467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a collagen deposition disorder that affects a patient’s oral function and quality of life. It may also potentially transform into malignancy. This review summarizes the risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatments of OSF based on clinical and bio-molecular evidence. Betel nut chewing is a major risk factor that causes OSF in Asia. However, no direct evidence of arecoline-induced carcinogenesis has been found in animal models. Despite identification of numerous biomarkers of OSF lesions and conducting trials with different drug combinations, clinicians still adopt conservative treatments that primarily focus on relieving the symptoms of OSF. Treatments focus on reducing inflammation and improving mouth opening to improve a patient’s quality of life. In conclusion, high-quality clinical studies are needed to aid clinicians in developing and applying molecular biomarkers as well as standard treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wen Shen
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-J.F.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 2312) (L.-J.F.); +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 7707) (T.-M.S.)
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-J.F.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 2312) (L.-J.F.); +88-642-205-3366 (ext. 7707) (T.-M.S.)
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Kariya P, Khobragade V, Sura S, Singh S. No age predilection for a disease like OSMF. A case report of 5-year-old child. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:153-157. [PMID: 32346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a clinical entity, well known since the time of Sushruta as 'Vidari'. OSMF is a chronic subtle disease that is associated with significant functional morbidity and an increased risk for malignancy. Generally, OSMF is considered as an adult disease, but recently Indian suburb area has reported incidence of 0.2-1.2 percent in pediatric age group as well. The pathogenesis of the disease is not well established, but is believed to be multifactorial. Areca nut chewing is considered as the major etiology amongst all. Children indulge in habit of chewing areca nuts due to its easy availability of different forms of multicolored attractive areca nut pouches in markets. Other factors involved in the consumption of Areca nut are levels of awareness, household environment, peer pressure, low cost, etc. Case presentation A 5-year-old boy reported with the complaint of restricted mouth opening since 3-4 months. He had habit of chewing betel nut, a minimum of 2-3 sachets daily since one and a half years. He also complained of intolerance to spicy food. The oral mucosa was pale, opaque, blanched with a reduced mouth opening of interincisal width being 06 mm.Palate was fibrotic with shrunken uvula. Conclusion This Case of OSMF in a 5-year-old boy is reported to be the first incidence of OSMF in a child with least interincisal opening of 06 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kariya
- Dept of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Shraddha Sura
- Dept of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Sweta Singh
- Dept of Public Health Dentistry, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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