Potentiometric Stripping Analysis of Cadmium and Lead with Constant Inverse Current in the Analytical Step Using an Open Tubular Mercury-Coated Glassy Carbon Electrode

ZnO Doped Silica Nanoparticles (ZnO@SiO2) for Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+ Ions in Real Samples

Pollution by heavy metal ions has a serious impact on human health and the environment, which is why the monitoring of heavy metal ions is of great practical importance. In this work, we describe the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of cadmium (Cd2+) involving the doping of porous SiO2 spheres with ZnO nanoparticles. Zinc oxide is chosen as the central dopant in the composite material to increase the conductivity and thus improve the electrochemical detection of Cd2+ ions with the SiO2 spheres. The resulting composite is characterized by electrochemical spectroscopic XRD and microscopic methods. As a result, the developed sensor shows good selectivity towards the targeted Cd2+ ions compared to other divalent ions. After optimization of the experimental conditions, the electrochemical sensor shows two different linear ranges between 2.5 × 10-11 molL-1 to 1.75 × 10-10 molL-1 and 2 × 10-9 molL-1 to 1.75 × 10-9 molL-1, indicating a change from diffusion-controlled to surface-controlled oxidation of Cd2+. A detection limit was reached at 4.4 × 10-11 molL-1. In addition, it offers good repeatability and recovery, and can detect accurate trace amounts of Cd2+ ions in real samples such as tap water or seawater by spiking these samples with known Cd2+ concentrations. This setup also provides satisfactory recovery rates in the range of 89-102%.

Recent Advancement in Disposable Electrode Modified with Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Heavy Metal Sensors

Heavy metal pollution has gained global attention due to its high toxicity and non-biodegradability, even at a low level of exposure. Therefore, the development of a disposable electrode that is sensitive, simple, portable, rapid, and cost-effective as the sensor platform in electrochemical heavy metal detection is vital. Disposable electrodes have been modified with nanomaterials so that excellent electrochemical properties can be obtained. This review highlights the recent progress in the development of numerous types of disposable electrodes modified with nanomaterials for electrochemical heavy metal detection. The disposable electrodes made from carbon-based, glass-based, and paper-based electrodes are reviewed. In particular, the analytical performance, fabrication technique, and integration design of disposable electrodes modified with metal (such as gold, tin and bismuth), carbon (such as carbon nanotube and graphene), and metal oxide (such as iron oxide and zinc oxide) nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, the role of the nanomaterials in improving the electrochemical performance of the modified disposable electrodes is discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospect of the disposable electrode modified with nanomaterials are summarized.

Thiolated poly(aspartic acid)-functionalized two-dimensional MoS2, chitosan and bismuth film as a sensor platform for cadmium ion detection

In this work, a sensitive electrochemical platform for determination of cadmium ions (Cd2+) is obtained using thiolated poly(aspartic acid) (TPA)-functionalized MoS2 as a sensor platform by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The performance of the TPA-MoS2-modified sensor is systemically studied. It demonstrates that the TPA-MoS2 nanocomposite modified sensor exhibits superior analytical performance for Cd2+ over a linear range from 0.5 μg L-1 to 50 μg L-1, with a detection limit of 0.17 μg L-1. Chitosan is able to form a continuous coating film on the surface of the GC electrode. The good sensing performance of the TPA-MoS2-modified sensor may be attributed to the following factors: the large surface area of MoS2 (603 m2 g-1), and the abundant thiol groups of TPA. Thus, the TPA-MoS2-modified sensor proves to be a reliable and environmentally friendly tool for the effective monitoring of Cd2+ existing in aquacultural environments.