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Giarratana AO, Prendergast CM, Salvatore MM, Capaccione KM. TGF-β signaling: critical nexus of fibrogenesis and cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:594. [PMID: 38926762 PMCID: PMC11201862 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a vital regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. It functions through canonical SMAD-mediated processes and noncanonical pathways involving MAPK cascades, PI3K/AKT, Rho-like GTPases, and NF-κB signaling. This intricate signaling system is finely tuned by interactions between canonical and noncanonical pathways and plays key roles in both physiologic and pathologic conditions including tissue homeostasis, fibrosis, and cancer progression. TGF-β signaling is known to have paradoxical actions. Under normal physiologic conditions, TGF-β signaling promotes cell quiescence and apoptosis, acting as a tumor suppressor. In contrast, in pathological states such as inflammation and cancer, it triggers processes that facilitate cancer progression and tissue remodeling, thus promoting tumor development and fibrosis. Here, we detail the role that TGF-β plays in cancer and fibrosis and highlight the potential for future theranostics targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O Giarratana
- Northwell Health - Peconic Bay Medical Center, 1 Heroes Way, Riverhead, NY, 11901, USA.
| | | | - Mary M Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 11032, USA
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Seydel CM, Gonzaga BMDS, Coelho LL, Garzoni LR. Exploring the Dimensions of Pre-Clinical Research: 3D Cultures as an Investigative Model of Cardiac Fibrosis in Chagas Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1410. [PMID: 39061986 PMCID: PMC11274318 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) cell culture can more precisely mimic tissues architecture and functionality, being a promising alternative model to study disease pathophysiology and drug screening. Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected parasitosis that affects 7 million people worldwide. Trypanosoma cruzi's (T. cruzi) mechanisms of invasion/persistence continue to be elucidated. Benznidazole (BZ) and Nifurtimox (NF) are trypanocidal drugs with few effects on the clinical manifestations of the chronic disease. Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the main manifestation of CD due to its frequency and severity. The development of fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac tissue can lead to heart failure and sudden death. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic options. Our group has more than fifteen years of expertise using 3D primary cardiac cell cultures, being the first to reproduce fibrosis and hypertrophy induced by T. cruzi infection in vitro. These primary cardiac spheroids exhibit morphological and functional characteristics that are similar to heart tissue, making them an interesting model for studying CD cardiac fibrosis. Here, we aim to demonstrate that our primary cardiac spheroids are great preclinical models which can be used to develop new insights into CD cardiac fibrosis, presenting advances already achieved in the field, including disease modeling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciana Ribeiro Garzoni
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.M.S.); (B.M.d.S.G.); (L.L.C.)
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Suryono S, Rohman MS, Widjajanto E, Prayitnaningsih S, Wihastuti TA, Oktaviono YH. Effect of Colchicine in reducing MMP-9, NOX2, and TGF- β1 after myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:449. [PMID: 37697278 PMCID: PMC10496361 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to WHO 2020, CAD is the second leading cause of death in Indonesia with death cases reaching 259,297 or 15.33% of total deaths. Unfortunately, most of the patients of CAD in Indonesia did not match the golden period or decline to be treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Based on the recent study, there were increases in MMP-9, NOX2, and TGF-β1 in STEMI patients which contribute to cardiac remodeling. Moreover, there is controversy regarding the benefit of late PCI (12-48 hours after onset of STEMI) in stable patients. Lately, colchicine is widely used in cardiovascular disease. This study was conducted to explore the effect of colchicine to reduce MMP- 9, NOX2, and TGF-β1 levels after myocardial infarction in stable patients. METHOD In this clinical trial study, we assessed 129 STEMI patients, about 102 patients who met inclusion criteria were randomized into four groups. Around 25 patients received late PCI (12-48 h after the onset of chest pain), optimal medical treatment (OMT) for STEMI, and colchicine; 24 patients received late PCI and OMT; 22 patients didn't get the revascularization (No Revas), OMT, and colchicine; and 31 patients received No Revas and OMT only. The laboratory test for MMP-9, NOX2, and TGF-β1 were tested in Day-1 and Day-5. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney. RESULTS A total of 102 patients with mean age of 56 ± 9.9, were assigned into four groups. The data analysis showed significant results within No Revas + OMT + Colchicine group versus No Revas + OMT + Placebo in MMP-9 (Day-1: p = 0.001; Day-5: p = 0.022), NOX2 (Day-1: p = 0.02; Day-5: p = 0.026), and TGF-β1 (Day-1: p = 0.00; Day-5: p = 0.00) with the less three markers in OMT + Colchicine group than OMT + Placebo group. There were no significant differences within the late PCI + OMT + colchicine group and PCI + OMT + Placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Colchicine could significantly reduce MMP-9, NOX2, and TGF-β1 levels in stable STEMI patients. So that, colchicine could be a potential agent in STEMI patients and prevent cardiac remodeling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryono Suryono
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jember University, Jember, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- Brawijaya Cardiovascular Research Centre, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Edi Widjajanto
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Seskoati Prayitnaningsih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Department of Biomedical, Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yudi Her Oktaviono
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Zhao T, Zhou Z, Zhao S, Wan H, Li H, Hou J, Wang J, Qian M, Shen X. Vincamine as an agonist of G protein-coupled receptor 40 effectively ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154919. [PMID: 37392673 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an irreversible and fatal lung disease with limited therapeutic options. G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) has been developed as a promising therapeutic target for metabolic disorders and functions potently in varied pathological and physiological processes. Vincamine (Vin) is a monoterpenoid indole alkaloid originated from Madagascar periwinkle and was reported as a GPR40 agonist in our previous work. PURPOSE Here, we aimed to clarify the role of GPR40 in PF pathogenesis by using the determined GPR40 agonist Vin as a probe and explore the potential of Vin in ameliorating PF in mice. METHODS Pulmonary GPR40 expression alterations were assessed in both PF patients and bleomycin-induced PF mice (PF mice). Vin was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of GPR40 activation for PF and the underlying mechanism was intensively investigated by assays against GPR40 knockout (Ffar1-/-) mice and the cells transfected with si-GPR40 in vitro. RESULTS Pulmonary GPR40 expression level was highly downregulated in PF patients and PF mice. Pulmonary GPR40 deletion (Ffar1-/-) exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis as evidenced by the increases in mortality, dysfunctional lung index, activated myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in PF mice. Vin-mediated pulmonary GPR40 activation ameliorated PF-like pathology in mice. Mechanistically, Vin suppressed ECM deposition by GPR40/β-arrestin2/SMAD3 pathway, repressed inflammatory response by GPR40/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibited angiogenesis by decreasing GPR40-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the region of interface to normal parenchyma in pulmonary fibrotic tissues of mice. CONCLUSION Pulmonary GPR40 activation shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for PF and Vin exhibits high potential in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiruo Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shimei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiqi Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiwei Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minyi Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Rayford KJ, Cooley A, Strode AW, Osi I, Arun A, Lima MF, Misra S, Pratap S, Nde PN. Trypanosoma cruzi dysregulates expression profile of piRNAs in primary human cardiac fibroblasts during early infection phase. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1083379. [PMID: 36936778 PMCID: PMC10017870 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1083379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas Disease, causes severe morbidity, mortality, and economic burden worldwide. Though originally endemic to Central and South America, globalization has led to increased parasite presence in most industrialized countries. About 40% of infected individuals will develop cardiovascular, neurological, and/or gastrointestinal pathologies. Accumulating evidence suggests that the parasite induces alterations in host gene expression profiles in order to facilitate infection and pathogenesis. The role of regulatory gene expression machinery during T. cruzi infection, particularly small noncoding RNAs, has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aim to evaluate dysregulation of a class of sncRNAs called piRNAs during early phase of T. cruzi infection in primary human cardiac fibroblasts by RNA-Seq. We subsequently performed in silico analysis to predict piRNA-mRNA interactions. We validated the expression of these selected piRNAs and their targets during early parasite infection phase by stem loop qPCR and qPCR, respectively. We found about 26,496,863 clean reads (92.72%) which mapped to the human reference genome. During parasite challenge, 441 unique piRNAs were differentially expressed. Of these differentially expressed piRNAs, 29 were known and 412 were novel. In silico analysis showed several of these piRNAs were computationally predicted to target and potentially regulate expression of genes including SMAD2, EGR1, ICAM1, CX3CL1, and CXCR2, which have been implicated in parasite infection, pathogenesis, and various cardiomyopathies. Further evaluation of the function of these individual piRNAs in gene regulation and expression will enhance our understanding of early molecular mechanisms contributing to infection and pathogenesis. Our findings here suggest that piRNAs play important roles in infectious disease pathogenesis and can serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J. Rayford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ayorinde Cooley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anthony W. Strode
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Inmar Osi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ashutosh Arun
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Maria F. Lima
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Smita Misra
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Siddharth Pratap
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
- Bioinformatics Core, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Pius N. Nde
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
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Suryono S, Rohman MS, Widjajanto E, Prayitnaningsih S, Wihastuti TA. Colchicine as potential inhibitor targeting MMP-9, NOX2 and TGF-β1 in myocardial infarction: a combination of docking and molecular dynamic simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12214-12224. [PMID: 36636837 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2166590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The global data revealed that myocardial infarction (MI) in coronary heart disease has been the leading cause of mortality worldwide in both developing and developed countries. The remodeling process after MI is essential to be the leading cause of heart failure due to cardiac remodeling. The evidence showed the increment of MMP-9, NOX2 and TGF-β1 expressions are biomarkers that influence cardiac remodeling. Lately, colchicine is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The effects of colchicine on NOX2, MMP-9 and TGF-β1 in the molecular models are still not yet discussed. We proposed a molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study to show the interaction between colchicine, NOX2, MMP-9 and TGF-β1. Colchicine has a good binding affinity with MMP-9, NOX2 and TGF-β1 based on the value, which are -8.3 Kcal/mol, -6.7 Kcal/mol and -6.5 Kcal/mol, respectively. Colchicine also binds to some catalytic residues in MMP-9, NOX2 and TGF-β1 that are responsible for inhibitor effects. The RMSD values between colchicine and MMP-9, NOX2 and TGF-β1 are 2.4 Å, 2 Å and 2.1 Å, respectively. The RMSF values of ligand and receptors complex showed relatively similar fluctuations. The SASA analysis showed that colchicine could create a more stable interaction with MMP-9. PCA analysis revealed that colchicine is capable of creating a solid and stable interaction with MMP-9 mainly, also NOX2 and TGF-β1. In conclusion, docking and molecular dynamics analysis showed evidence of colchicine roles in the inhibition of MMP-9, NOX2 and TGF-β1 in order to inhibit the remodeling process after MI.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryono Suryono
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jember University, Jember, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- Brawijaya Cardiovascular Research Centre, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Edi Widjajanto
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Seskoati Prayitnaningsih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Department of Biomedical, Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Gómez-Ochoa SA, Bautista-Niño PK, Rojas LZ, Hunziker L, Muka T, Echeverría LE. Circulating MicroRNAs and myocardial involvement severity in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:922189. [PMID: 36004323 PMCID: PMC9393411 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.922189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCM) is characterized by a unique pathophysiology in which inflammatory, microvascular and neuroendocrine processes coalesce in the development of one of the most severe cardiomyopathies affecting humans. Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease, scarce information is available regarding microRNAs and clinical parameters of disease severity. We aimed to evaluate the association between circulating levels of six microRNAs with markers of myocardial injury and prognosis in this population. Methods Patients with CCM and reduced ejection fraction were included in a prospective exploratory cohort study. We assessed the association of natural log-transformed values of six circulating microRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-208a-5p, miR-185-5p, miR-223-5p, let-7d-5p, and miR-454-5p) with NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic variables using linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. By using Cox Proportional Hazard models, we examined whether levels of microRNAs could predict a composite outcome (CO), including all-cause mortality, cardiac transplantation, and implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Finally, for mRNAs showing significant associations, we predicted the target genes and performed pathway analyses using Targetscan and Reactome Pathway Browser. Results Seventy-four patients were included (59% males, median age: 64 years). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and heart failure medications, only increasing miR-223-5p relative expression levels were significantly associated with better myocardial function markers, including left atrium area (Coef. -10.2; 95% CI -16.35; -4.09), end-systolic (Coef. -45.3; 95% CI -74.06; -16.61) and end-diastolic volumes (Coef. -46.1; 95% CI -81.99; -10.26) of the left ventricle. Moreover, we observed that higher miR-223-5p levels were associated with better left-ventricle ejection fraction and lower NT-proBNP levels. No associations were observed between the six microRNAs and the composite outcome. A total of 123 target genes for miR-223-5p were obtained. From these, several target pathways mainly related to signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases were identified. Conclusions The present study found an association between miR-223-5p and clinical parameters of CCM, with signaling pathways related to receptor tyrosine kinases as a potential mechanism linking low levels of miR-223-5p with CCM worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lyda Z. Rojas
- Research Group and Development of Nursing Knowledge (GIDCEN-FCV), Research Center, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Lukas Hunziker
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Taulant Muka,
| | - Luis E. Echeverría
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Clinic, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
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Poncini CV, Benatar AF, Gomez KA, Rabinovich GA. Galectins in Chagas Disease: A Missing Link Between Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, Inflammation, and Tissue Damage. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:794765. [PMID: 35046919 PMCID: PMC8762303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite causative agent of Chagas disease, affects about seven million people worldwide, representing a major global public health concern with relevant socioeconomic consequences, particularly in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, in modulating both T. cruzi infection and immunoregulation. Specifically, we focus on galectin-driven circuits that link parasite invasion and inflammation and reprogram innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the dynamics of galectins and their β-galactoside-specific ligands during the pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and elucidating their roles in immunoregulation, inflammation, and tissue damage offer new rational opportunities for treating this devastating neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V. Poncini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F. Benatar
- Servicio de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A. Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biología e Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Underactive bladder and impaired bladder compliance are irreversible problems associated with bladder fibrosis. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix is regarded as an important mechanism associated with bladder fibrosis. However, various risk factors and conditions contribute to the functional impairment of the bladder associated with fibrosis, and there is limited knowledge about bladder fibrosis-associated problems in the field of neurourology. Further studies are thus necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism of bladder fibrosis and to identify effective treatment.
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Musikant D, Higa R, Rodríguez CE, Edreira MM, Campetella O, Jawerbaum A, Leguizamón MS. Sialic acid removal by trans-sialidase modulates MMP-2 activity during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Biochimie 2021; 186:82-93. [PMID: 33891967 PMCID: PMC8187320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) not only play a relevant role in homeostatic processes but are also involved in several pathological mechanisms associated with infectious diseases. As their clinical relevance in Chagas disease has recently been highlighted, we studied the modulation of circulating MMPs by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. We found that virulent parasites from Discrete Typing Units (DTU) VI induced higher proMMP-2 and MMP-2 activity in blood, whereas both low (DTU I) and high virulence parasites induced a significant decrease in proMMP-9 plasma activity. Moreover, trans-sialidase, a relevant T. cruzi virulence factor, is involved in MMP-2 activity modulation both in vivo and in vitro. It removes α2,3-linked sialyl residues from cell surface glycoconjugates, which then triggers the PKC/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Additionally, bacterial sialidases specific for this sialyl residue linkage displayed similar MMP modulation profiles and triggered the same signaling pathways. This novel pathogenic mechanism, dependent on sialic acid removal by the neuraminidase activity of trans-sialidase, can be exploited by different pathogens expressing sialidases with similar specificity. Thus, here we present a new pathogen strategy through the regulation of the MMP network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Musikant
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Higa
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET) Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Reproducción y Metabolismo, CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina E Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, IMPAM-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin M Edreira
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET) Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160 C1428EGA, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Campetella
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET) Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas IIBio, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 25 de Mayo y Francia B1650HMP, San Martín, San Martin, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET) Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Reproducción y Metabolismo, CEFYBO-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Leguizamón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET) Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas IIBio, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 25 de Mayo y Francia B1650HMP, San Martín, San Martin, Argentina.
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11
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Chumakova S, Urazova O, Shipulin V, Vins M, Pryakhin A, Sukhodolo I, Stelmashenko A, Litvinova L, Kolobovnikova Y, Churina E, Novitskiy V. Galectin 3 and non-classical monocytes of blood as myocardial remodeling factors at ischemic cardiomyopathy. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 33:100766. [PMID: 33869726 PMCID: PMC8047163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims To identify an imbalance of cardiac remodeling mediators and monocytes subpopulation in blood, distribution of myocardium macrophages in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). Methods The study engaged 30 patients with ICMP, 26 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) without ICMP, 15 healthy donors. Concentrations of TGFβ, MMP-9, MCP-1, galectin-3 were measured in plasma of blood from the coronary sinus and peripheral blood in CHD patients, as well as in peripheral blood in healthy donors, by enzyme immunoassay method. The ration of classical, intermediate, non-classical, transitional monocytes in peripheral blood of patients and healthy donors was assessed by flow cytometry (expression CD14, CD16); the content of CD68+ macrophages in myocardium – by immunohistochemistry method. Results In both samples of blood, the content of galectin-3 in patients with ICMP was higher than in CHD patients without ICMP and the level of TGFβ was comparable between the groups. At ICMP, the concentration of MMP-9 in sinus blood was higher than that in CHD patients without ICMP in whom an excess of MCP-1 in the general blood flow was determined. The density of distribution of CD68+ cells in the myocardium in patients with ICMP was higher in the perianeurysmal zone than in the right atrium appendage. ICMP was characterized by a deficiency of non-classical monocytes, and CHD without ICMP – by an excess of intermediate cells in peripheral blood. Conclusion Myocardium remodeling at ICMP is mediated by not so much TGFβ but intracardiac galectin-3, which determines the subpopulation composition of blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chumakova
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - O Urazova
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - V Shipulin
- Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of CardiologyResearchInstitute, Tomsk National Medical Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya Street, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - M Vins
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - A Pryakhin
- Cardiovascular Surgery Unit of CardiologyResearchInstitute, Tomsk National Medical Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya Street, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - I Sukhodolo
- Morphology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - A Stelmashenko
- Morphology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - L Litvinova
- Immunology and Cell Biotechnology Center of Immanuel Kant, Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo Street, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
| | - Yu Kolobovnikova
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - E Churina
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - V Novitskiy
- Pathophysiology Division of Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovsky Trakt, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Trypanosoma cruzi Induces the PARP1/AP-1 Pathway for Upregulation of Metalloproteinases and Transforming Growth Factor β in Macrophages: Role in Cardiac Fibroblast Differentiation and Fibrosis in Chagas Disease. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01853-20. [PMID: 33172999 PMCID: PMC7667027 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01853-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is the most important clinical manifestation of T. cruzi-driven CD. Recent studies have suggested the detrimental role of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation during cardiac remodeling in T. cruzi infection. Peripheral TGF-β levels are increased in clinically symptomatic CD patients over those in clinically asymptomatic seropositive individuals. We provide the first evidence that during T. cruzi infection, Mϕ release of MMP2 and MMP9 plays an active role in activation of TGF-β signaling of ECM remodeling and cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. We also determined that PARP1 signals c-Fos- and JunB-mediated AP-1 transcriptional activation of profibrotic gene expression and demonstrated the significance of PARP1 inhibition in controlling chronic fibrosis in Chagas disease. Our study provides a promising therapeutic approach for controlling T. cruzi-driven fibroblast differentiation in CD by PARP1 inhibitors through modulation of the Mϕ signaling of the AP-1–MMP9–TGF-β pathway. Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a degenerative heart condition. In the present study, we investigated the role of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1/activator protein 1 (PARP1/AP-1) in upregulation of profibrotic macrophages (Mϕ) and subsequent development of cardiac fibrosis in CD. We used in vitro and in vivo models of T. cruzi infection and chemical and genetic inhibition of Parp1 to examine the molecular mechanisms by which Mϕ might augment profibrotic events in CD. Cultured (RAW 264.7 and THP-1) Mϕ infected with T. cruzi and primary cardiac and splenic Mϕ of chronically infected mice exhibited a significant increase in the expression, activity, and release of metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9, and MMP12) and the cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Mϕ release of MMPs and TGF-β signaled the cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, as evidenced by a shift from S100A4 to alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Incubation of infected Mϕ with MMP2 and MMP9 inhibitors resulted in 60 to 74% decline in TGF-β release, and MMP9 and PARP1 inhibitors resulted in 57 to 70% decline in Mϕ TGF-β-driven cardiac fibroblast differentiation. Likewise, histological studies showed a 12- to 16-fold increase in myocardial expression of CD68 (Mϕ marker) and its colocalization with MMP9/TGF-β, galectin-3, and vimentin in wild-type mice with CD. In comparison, chronically infected Parp1−/− mice exhibited a >50% decline in myocardial levels of Mϕ and associated fibrosis markers. Further study showed that PARP1 synergized with c-Fos and JunB AP-1 family members for transcriptional activation of profibrotic response after T. cruzi infection. We conclude that PARP1 inhibition offers a potential therapy for controlling the T. cruzi-driven fibroblast differentiation in CD through modulation of the Mϕ signaling of the AP-1–MMP9–TGF-β pathway.
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13
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Yeung C, Mendoza I, Echeverria LE, Baranchuk A. Chagas' cardiomyopathy and Lyme carditis: Lessons learned from two infectious diseases affecting the heart. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2020; 31:233-239. [PMID: 32376493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chagas' disease and Lyme disease are two endemic, vector-borne zoonotic infectious diseases that impact multiple organ systems, including the heart. Chagas' cardiomyopathy is a progressive process that can evolve into a dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure several decades after the acute infection; in contrast, although early-disseminated Lyme carditis has been relatively well characterized, the sequelae of Lyme disease on the heart are less well-defined. A century of research on Chagas' cardiomyopathy has generated compelling data for pathophysiological models, evaluated the efficacy of therapy in large randomized controlled trials, and explored the social determinants of health impacting preventative measures. Recognizing the commonalities between Chagas' disease and Lyme disease, we speculate on whether some of the lessons learned from Chagas' cardiomyopathy may be applicable to Lyme carditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Yeung
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Electrophysiology and Pacing, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Ivan Mendoza
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Central University of Venezuela Section of Cardiology, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis Eduardo Echeverria
- Clínica de Falla Cardíaca y Trasplante, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Electrophysiology and Pacing, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada.
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14
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Lokugamage N, Choudhuri S, Davies C, Chowdhury IH, Garg NJ. Antigen-Based Nano-Immunotherapy Controls Parasite Persistence, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress, and Cardiac Fibrosis, the Hallmarks of Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy, in A Mouse Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010096. [PMID: 32098116 PMCID: PMC7157635 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas cardiomyopathy is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc). We identified two candidate antigens (TcG2 and TcG4) that elicit antibodies and T cell responses in naturally infected diverse hosts. In this study, we cloned TcG2 and TcG4 in a nanovector and evaluated whether nano-immunotherapy (referred as nano2/4) offers resistance to chronic Chagas disease. For this, C57BL/6 mice were infected with Tc and given nano2/4 at 21 and 42 days post-infection (pi). Non-infected, infected, and infected mice treated with pcDNA3.1 expression plasmid encoding TcG2/TcG4 (referred as p2/4) were used as controls. All mice responded to Tc infection with expansion and functional activation of splenic lymphocytes. Flow cytometry showed that frequency of splenic, poly-functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing interferon-γ, perforin, and granzyme B were increased by immunotherapy (Tc.nano2/4 > Tc.p2/4) and associated with 88%–99.7% decline in cardiac and skeletal (SK) tissue levels of parasite burden (Tc.nano2/4 > Tc.p2/4) in Chagas mice. Subsequently, Tc.nano2/4 mice exhibited a significant decline in peripheral and tissues levels of oxidative stress (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyls) and inflammatory infiltrate that otherwise were pronounced in Chagas mice. Further, nano2/4 therapy was effective in controlling the tissue infiltration of pro-fibrotic macrophages and established a balanced environment controlling the expression of collagens, metalloproteinases, and other markers of cardiomyopathy and improving the expression of Myh7 (encodes β myosin heavy chain) and Gsk3b (encodes glycogen synthase kinase 3) required for maintaining cardiac contractility in Chagas heart. We conclude that nano2/4 enhances the systemic T cell immunity that improves the host’s ability to control chronic parasite persistence and Chagas cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandadeva Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; (N.L.); (S.C.); (I.H.C.)
| | - Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; (N.L.); (S.C.); (I.H.C.)
| | - Carolina Davies
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Salta 4400, Argentina;
| | - Imran Hussain Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; (N.L.); (S.C.); (I.H.C.)
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; (N.L.); (S.C.); (I.H.C.)
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-409-747-6865
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