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Garcia-Lopez M, Lurier T, Bouilloud M, Pradel J, Tatard C, Sepulveda D, Anfray G, Dussert J, Bourhy P, Charbonnel N, Djelouadji Z. Prevalence, genetic diversity and eco-epidemiology of pathogenic Leptospira species in small mammal communities in urban parks Lyon city, France. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300523. [PMID: 38598501 PMCID: PMC11006123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rodents are recognized as the main reservoirs of Leptospira spp. Rats, in particular, serve as hosts for the widely predominant Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, found worldwide. Several studies have shown the importance of other reservoirs, such as mice or hedgehogs, which harbor other leptospires' serovars. Nevertheless, our knowledge of circulating Leptospira spp. in reservoirs other than rats remains limited. In this context, we proposed an eco-health approach to assess the health hazard associated with leptospires in urban green spaces, where contacts between human/small mammals and domestic animals are likely. We studied the prevalence, the diversity of circulating strains, and epidemiology of pathogenic Leptospira species in small terrestrial mammal communities (rodents and shrews), between 2020-2022, in two parks in Lyon metropolis, France. Our study showed a significant carriage of Leptospira spp. in small terrestrial mammals in these parks and unveiled a global prevalence rate of 11.4%. Significant variations of prevalence were observed among the small mammal species (from 0 to 26.1%), with Rattus norvegicus exhibiting the highest infection levels (26.1%). We also observed strong spatio-temporal variations in Leptospira spp. circulation in its reservoirs. Prevalence seems to be higher in the peri-urban park and in autumn in 2021 and 2022. This is potentially due to differences in landscape, abiotic conditions and small mammal communities' composition. Our study suggests an important public health relevance of rats and in a lesser extent of other rodents (Apodemus spp., Clethrionomys glareolus and Mus musculus) as reservoirs of L. interrogans, with rodent species carrying specific serogroups/serovars. We also emphasize the potential hazard associated between the shrew Crocidura russula and L. kirschneri. Altogether, these results improve our knowledge about the prevalence of leptospirosis in an urban environment, which is an essential prerequisite for the implementation of prevention of associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcia-Lopez
- USC 1233-RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
- Biology of Spirochetes Unit, National Reference Center for Leptospirosis, Institut Pasteur, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Lurier
- UMR EPIA, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, University of Clermont Auvergne, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- UMR EPIA, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Marie Bouilloud
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Pradel
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Tatard
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Diana Sepulveda
- Department of Health, Health and Environment Service, City of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Pascale Bourhy
- Biology of Spirochetes Unit, National Reference Center for Leptospirosis, Institut Pasteur, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Charbonnel
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Sohm C, Steiner J, Jöbstl J, Wittek T, Firth C, Steinparzer R, Desvars-Larrive A. A systematic review on leptospirosis in cattle: A European perspective. One Health 2023; 17:100608. [PMID: 37577054 PMCID: PMC10416059 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease which is globally distributed and represents a classic One Health issue that demands a comprehensive understanding of the hosts, transmission paths, and risk factors of transmission. Bovine leptospirosis often results in economic losses through its severe impact on reproduction performance while it threatens human health at human-cattle-environment interfaces. However, a clear analysis of the disease characteristics in European cattle is currently lacking. The objective of this review was to summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology of bovine leptospirosis in Europe. We conducted a systematic literature review, screening four electronic databases, and filtered articles published between 2001 and 2021, in English, German, and French. Sixty-two articles were ultimately included in the review. The seroprevalence of leptospirosis in cattle was remarkably variable among studies, probably reflecting local variations but also heterogeneity in the study designs, laboratory methods, and sample sizes. Risk factors positively associated with the disease were diverse, related to local, environmental, and climatic parameters as well as farming practices. The most reported circulating Leptospira serogroups in European cattle were Sejroe (58.5%), Australis (41.5%), Grippotyphosa (41.5%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (37.7%), and Pomona (26.4%), which have also been associated with human infections worldwide. Abortion (58.6%) and fertility disorders (24.1%) were the most frequently reported signs of leptospirosis in European cattle and were generally associated with chronic infections. This work highlights several research gaps, including a lack of harmonisation in diagnostic methods, a lack of large-scale studies, and a lack of molecular investigations. Given that predictions regarding the climatic suitability for leptospirosis in Europe suggest an increase of leptospirosis risk it is important to raise awareness among stakeholders and motivate an integrated One Health approach to the prevention and control of this zoonotic disease in cattle and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sohm
- VetFarm, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 13, 2563 Pottenstein, Austria
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janina Steiner
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Jöbstl
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clair Firth
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Steinparzer
- Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch-Gasse 17, 2340 Mödling, Austria
| | - Amélie Desvars-Larrive
- VetFarm, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Kremesberg 13, 2563 Pottenstein, Austria
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, 1080 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Carromeu-Santos A, Mathias ML, Gabriel SI. Widespread distribution of rodenticide resistance-conferring mutations in the Vkorc1 gene among house mouse populations in Portuguese Macaronesian islands and Iberian Atlantic areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:166290. [PMID: 37586516 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence of widespread resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) in house mice pose significant challenges to pest control efforts. First-generation ARs were introduced in the early 1950s but resistance to these emerged later that decade. Second-generation rodenticides were then developed, with resistance being reported in the late 1970s. Research has linked resistance to ARs with mutations in the Vkorc1 gene, leading to the use of more toxic and environmentally harmful compounds. In this study, 243 tail tips of house mice from mainland Portugal and Southern Spain, the Azores and Madeira archipelagos were analysed for all 3 exons of the Vkorc1 gene. Mutations L128S, Y139C, along with the so-called spretus genotype Vkorc1spr are considered responsible for reduced susceptibility of house mice to ARs. All these sequence variants were broadly detected throughout the sampling regions. Vkorc1spr was the most often recorded among mainland populations, whereas Y139C was nearly ubiquitous among the insular populations. In contrast, L128S was only detected in mainland Portugal and four islands of the Azores archipelago. All first generation ARs such as warfarin and coumatetralyl are deemed ineffective against all Vkorc1 variants identified in this study. Second-generation bromadiolone and difenacoum should also be discarded to control populations carrying Vkorc1spr, Y139C or L128S mutations. Inadequate use of ARs in regions where resistant animals have been found in large proportions will result in the spreading of rodenticide resistance among rodent populations through the positive selection of non-susceptible individuals. Consequently, ineffectiveness of rodent control will increase and potentiate environmental contamination, hazarding non-target wildlife through secondary poisoning. We highlight the need for Vkorc1 screening as a crucial tool in rodent management, aiding in the selection of the most appropriate control/eradication method in order to prevent misuse of these toxic biocides and the spread of rodenticide resistance among house mouse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carromeu-Santos
- CESAM-Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M L Mathias
- CESAM-Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S I Gabriel
- CESAM-Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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De Ruyver C, Baert K, Cartuyvels E, Beernaert LAL, Tuyttens FAM, Leirs H, Moons CPH. Assessing animal welfare impact of fourteen control and dispatch methods for house mouse (Mus musculus ), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus ) and black rat (Rattus rattus ). Anim Welf 2023; 32:e2. [PMID: 38487454 PMCID: PMC10937213 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Population control of the house mouse (Mus musculus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and black rat (Rattus rattus) is common practice worldwide. Our objective was to assess the impact on animal welfare of lethal and non-lethal control methods, including three dispatch methods. We used the Sharp and Saunders welfare assessment model with eight experts scoring eleven control methods and three dispatch methods used on the three species. We presumed the methods were performed as prescribed, only taking into account the effect on the target animal (and not, for example, on non-target catches). We did not assess population control efficacy of the methods. Methods considered to induce the least suffering to the target animal were captive-bolt traps, electrocution traps and cervical dislocation, while those with the greatest impact were anticoagulants, cholecalciferol and deprivation. Experts indicated considerable uncertainty regarding their evaluation of certain methods, which emphasises the need for further scientific research. In particular, the impact of hydrogen cyanide, chloralose and aluminium phosphide on animal welfare ought to be investigated. The experts also stressed the need to improve Standard Operating Procedures and to incorporate animal welfare assessments in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The results of our study can help laypeople, professionals, regulatory agencies and legislators making well-informed decisions as to which methods to use when controlling commensal rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciska De Ruyver
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ethology and Animal Welfare Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristof Baert
- Wildlife Management and Invasive species, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 bus 73, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emma Cartuyvels
- Wildlife Management and Invasive species, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 bus 73, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lies AL Beernaert
- Department of Biotechnology, Vives University College, Wilgenstraat 32, 8800Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Frank AM Tuyttens
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ethology and Animal Welfare Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820Merelbeke, Belgium
- Animal Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Scheldeweg 68, 9090Melle, Belgium
| | - Herwig Leirs
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christel PH Moons
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ethology and Animal Welfare Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, 9820Merelbeke, Belgium
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Govindan P, Manjusha P, Saravanan KM, Natesan V, Salmen SH, Alfarraj S, Wainwright M, Shakila H. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Expression and preliminary characterization of the potential vaccine candidate LipL32 of leptospirosis. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2023; 13:1801. [PMID: 34608427 PMCID: PMC8483425 DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pothiaraj Govindan
- grid.10214.360000 0001 2186 7912Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-21, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Packiyadass Manjusha
- grid.10214.360000 0001 2186 7912Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-21, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Konda Mani Saravanan
- Scigen Research and Innovation Pvt Ltd, Periyar Technology Business Incubator, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613403 India
| | - Vijayakumar Natesan
- grid.411408.80000 0001 2369 7742Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608002 India
| | - Saleh H. Salmen
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Milton Wainwright
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
| | - Harshavardhan Shakila
- grid.10214.360000 0001 2186 7912Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-21, Tamil Nadu India
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6
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Xu G, Qiu H, Liu W, Jiang X, Chang YF, Wang J, Li Z, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Xiao F. Serological and molecular characteristics of pathogenic Leptospira in rodent populations in Fujian Province, China, 2018-2020. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:151. [PMID: 35672661 PMCID: PMC9171958 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis is a significant emerging infectious disease worldwide. Rodents are considered to be the most critical hosts of Leptospira spp. Fujian Province is a region highly endemic for leptospirosis in China. However, the genetic diversity of leptospires circulating among rodents in Fujian is limited. Results The carrier status of rodents for Leptospira spp. was investigated by culture and serological detection in Fujian during 2018–2020. A total of 710 rodents, including 11 species, were trapped, with Rattus losea being the dominant trapped species (50.56%). Fourteen pathogenic Leptospira strains were obtained. Seven L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica strains belonging to ST143, 4 L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae strains belonging to ST1 and ST17, 2 L. interrogans serogroup Bataviae strains belonging to ST96 and ST333, and 1 L. interrogans serogroup Pyrogenes strains belonging to ST332 were identified using 16S rDNA gene sequencing, microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and Multilocus sequence typing (MLST). L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica belonging to ST143 was the dominant type (50.00%). A total of 387 rodent serum samples were tested by MAT. Serum were considered positive for seroreactivity at a titer ≥ 1:160 against at least one serovar. A total of 90 (23.26%) serum samples tested positive, and four serogroups were identified, with Javanica being the dominant serogroup (87.78%), which was similar to the dominant serogroup isolated from rodents. This study demonstrates a high prevalence of leptospirosis in rodents and public health education among high-risk workers is highly recommended. Conclusions R. losea was the dominant trapped rodent, and L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica ST143 was widely distributed among rodents in Fujian from 2018 to 2020. Despite the low number of isolates obtained from rodents, this study suggests that continuous epidemiological surveillance of the aetiological characteristics of pathogenic Leptospira in wild animal reservoirs may help reduce the possible risk of disease transmission. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02566-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China.,College of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiugao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jiaxiong Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhang Zhu
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuicai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fangzhen Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China. .,College of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Abi Khalil R, Barbier B, Fafournoux A, Mahamat AB, Marquez A, Poissenot K, Keller M, Desvars-Larrive A, Fernandez-De-Simon J, Coeurdassier M, Benoit E, Lefebvre S, Pinot A, Lattard V. Seasonal diet-based resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in the fossorial water vole (Arvicola amphibius). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111422. [PMID: 34062198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) resistance has been defined as "a major loss of efficacy due to the presence of a strain of rodent with a heritable and commensurately reduced sensitivity to the anticoagulant". The mechanism that supports this resistance has been identified as based on mutations in the Vkorc1 gene leading to severe resistance in rats and mice. This study evaluates the validity of this definition in the fossorial water vole and explores the possibility of a non-genetic diet-based resistance in a strict herbivorous rodent species. Genetic support was explored by sequencing the Vkorc1 gene and the diet-based resistance was explored by the dosing of vitamins K in liver of voles according to seasons. From a sample of 300 voles, only 2 coding mutations, G71R and S149I, were detected in the Vkorc1 gene in the heterozygous state with low allele frequencies (0.5-1%). These mutations did not modify the sensitivity to AR, suggesting an absence of genetic Vkorc1-based resistance in the water vole. On the contrary, vitamin K1 was shown to be 5 times more abundant in the liver of the water vole compared to rats. This liver concentration was shown to seasonally vary, with a trough in late winter and a peak in late spring/early summer related to the growth profile of grass. This increase in concentration might be responsible for the increased resistance of water voles to AR. This study highlights a non-genetic, diet-related resistance mechanism in rodents to AR. This diet-based resistance might explain the different evolution of the Vkorc1 gene in the fossorial water vole compared to rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abi Khalil
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Brigitte Barbier
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Ambre Fafournoux
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Ali Barka Mahamat
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Aurélie Marquez
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Kevin Poissenot
- INRAe, CNRS, IFCE, Univ. Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- INRAe, CNRS, IFCE, Univ. Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Amélie Desvars-Larrive
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Chrono-Environnement Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS usc INRAe Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Sébastien Lefebvre
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Adrien Pinot
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, INRAe, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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8
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FREQUENT LEPTOSPIRA SPP. DETECTION BUT ABSENCE OF TULA ORTHOHANTAVIRUS IN MICROTUS SPP. VOLES, NORTHWESTERN SPAIN. J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:733-742. [PMID: 34320644 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-20-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The common vole (Microtus arvalis) is a major agricultural pest in Europe and is a reservoir for several zoonotic agents, such as Leptospira spp. and Tula orthohantavirus (TULV). However, little is known about the occurrence of those pathogens in voles from Spain, where the species has largely expanded its distribution range in the past decades, causing agricultural pests and zoonotic diseases. For a molecular survey, 580 common voles and six Lusitanian pine voles (Microtus lusitanicus) were collected in 26 localities from four provinces of northwestern Spain. We assessed the presence of Leptospira spp. DNA in kidney tissue by PCR targeting the lipL32 gene, detecting a prevalence of 7.9% (95% confidence interval, 5.9-10.4) for common voles and of 33.3% (95% confidence interval, 4.3-77.7) for Lusitanian pine voles. We identified Leptospira kirschneri in 24 animals and Leptospira borgpetersenii in two animals, using secY gene-specific PCR. We analyzed environmental and demographic factors (such as age class, weight, and sex) and population dynamics data for their potential effect on the Leptospira spp. prevalence in those voles. The Leptospira spp. DNA detection rate in common voles increased significantly with maximum air temperature, vole weight, and amount of accumulated rainfall during the 90 d before capture and within the peak phase of the population cycle. We assessed the presence of TULV in lung tissue of 389 voles by reverse-transcription PCR, with no positive results. The absence of TULV might be explained by the evolutionary isolation of the common vole in Spain. The detection of two Leptospira genomospecies underlines the necessity for further typing efforts to understand the epidemiology of leptospiral infection in the common vole and the potential risk for human health in Spain.
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Grégoire F, Bakinahe R, Petitjean T, Boarbi S, Delooz L, Fretin D, Saulmont M, Mori M. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bovine Abortions Caused by Non-Maintenance Pathogenic Leptospira spp.: Necropsy, Serology and Molecular Study Out of a Belgian Experience. Pathogens 2020; 9:E413. [PMID: 32466444 PMCID: PMC7350382 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
: Bovine leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp.. The pathology and epidemiology of this infection are influenced by the numerous existing serovars and their adaptation to specific hosts. Infections by host-maintained serovars such as Hardjo are well documented, unlike those from the incidental ones. In July 2014, an emerging phenomenon of an increased incidence of icteric abortions associated with leptospiral infection occurred in southern Belgium. First-line serological analyses targeting cattle-adapted serovars failed at initial diagnosis. This study provides a comprehensive description of laboratory findings-at the level of necropsy, serology and molecular diagnosis-regarding icteric and non-icteric abortions (n = 116) recorded during this time (years 2014-2015) and associated with incidental infection by serovars such as Grippotyphosa, Australis and Icterohaemorrhagiae. Based on these tests, a diagnostic pathway is proposed for these types of infection in cattle to establish an affordable but accurate diagnosis in the future. These investigations add insights into the understanding of the pathogenesis of bovine leptospirosis associated with serovars classically described as non-maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Grégoire
- Association Régionale de Santé et d’Identification Animales (ARSIA), B-5590 Ciney, Belgium; (F.G.); (T.P.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Raïssa Bakinahe
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Animals Unit, Veterinary Bacteriology, Sciensano, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; (R.B.); (S.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Thierry Petitjean
- Association Régionale de Santé et d’Identification Animales (ARSIA), B-5590 Ciney, Belgium; (F.G.); (T.P.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Samira Boarbi
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Animals Unit, Veterinary Bacteriology, Sciensano, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; (R.B.); (S.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Laurent Delooz
- Association Régionale de Santé et d’Identification Animales (ARSIA), B-5590 Ciney, Belgium; (F.G.); (T.P.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - David Fretin
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Animals Unit, Veterinary Bacteriology, Sciensano, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; (R.B.); (S.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Marc Saulmont
- Association Régionale de Santé et d’Identification Animales (ARSIA), B-5590 Ciney, Belgium; (F.G.); (T.P.); (L.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcella Mori
- Bacterial Zoonoses of Animals Unit, Veterinary Bacteriology, Sciensano, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; (R.B.); (S.B.); (D.F.)
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10
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Marquez A, Khalil RA, Fourel I, Ovarbury T, Pinot A, Rosine A, Thalmensi G, Jaffory G, Kodjo A, Benoit E, Lattard V. Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in Martinique could lead to inefficient rodent control in a context of endemic leptospirosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13491. [PMID: 31530819 PMCID: PMC6749056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a re-emergent worldwide zoonosis. It is endemic in Martinique where transmission conditions are favourable. Humans are usually infected through contact with water contaminated with urine of rodents. Recent human leptospirosis outbreaks in Martinique require today effective rodent management to prevent leptospirosis transmission. Nowadays, use of anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) is the main method implemented to control rodent populations. Nevertheless, intensive use of these AR has selected worldwide many VKORC1-based resistant rodent strains to AR. Our aim was to characterize the sensitivity of Martinique commensal rodents to AR to better prevent leptospirosis transmission. Resistance of house mice to first-generation and in rare cases even to second-generation ARs were clearly demonstrated in Martinique with the detection of the Y139C mutation with a very high allelic frequency of 40% and the A26T/Y139C double-mutation with an allelic frequency of 0.9%. In black rat, the most prevalent rodent in Martinique, 3 new Vkorc1 coding mutations were detected, the H68N, A115T and S149N mutations associated with moderate resistance to first generation AR. Therefore, rodent management in Martinique must be carried carefully to avoid resistance diffusion and maintain long-term effective rodent management, to be able to efficiently prevent leptospirosis transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Marquez
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'étoile, France
| | - Rami Abi Khalil
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'étoile, France
| | - Isabelle Fourel
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'étoile, France
| | - Teddy Ovarbury
- FREDON Martinique, Route du Lycée agricole, Chemin Tolobe, Croix Rivail, 97224, Ducos, Martinique
| | - Adrien Pinot
- UMR 0874 UREP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Armand Rosine
- FREDON Martinique, Route du Lycée agricole, Chemin Tolobe, Croix Rivail, 97224, Ducos, Martinique
| | - Gérard Thalmensi
- ARS Martinique, Centre d'affaires AGORA, Zac de l'Etang Z'abricot, Pointe des grives, CS 80 656, 97263, Fort de France Cedex, Martinique
| | - Georges Jaffory
- ARS Martinique, Centre d'affaires AGORA, Zac de l'Etang Z'abricot, Pointe des grives, CS 80 656, 97263, Fort de France Cedex, Martinique
| | - Angeli Kodjo
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'étoile, France
| | - Etienne Benoit
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'étoile, France
| | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, Univ Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'étoile, France.
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