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Cui Y, Ho M, Hu Y, Shi Y. Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4118-4137. [PMID: 38591323 PMCID: PMC11180427 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines represent one of the most significant inventions in human history and have revolutionized global health. Generally, a vaccine functions by triggering the innate immune response and stimulating antigen-presenting cells, leading to a defensive adaptive immune response against a specific pathogen's antigen. As a key element, adjuvants are chemical materials often employed as additives to increase a vaccine's efficacy and immunogenicity. For over 90 years, adjuvants have been essential components in many human vaccines, improving their efficacy by enhancing, modulating, and prolonging the immune response. Here, we provide a timely and comprehensive review of the historical development and the current status of adjuvants, covering their classification, mechanisms of action, and roles in different vaccines. Additionally, we perform systematic analysis of the current licensing processes and highlights notable examples from clinical trials involving vaccine adjuvants. Looking ahead, we anticipate future trends in the field, including the development of new adjuvant formulations, the creation of innovative adjuvants, and their integration into the broader scope of systems vaccinology and vaccine delivery. The article posits that a deeper understanding of biochemistry, materials science, and vaccine immunology is crucial for advancing vaccine technology. Such advancements are expected to lead to the future development of more effective vaccines, capable of combating emerging infectious diseases and enhancing public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Megan Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongjie Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Cen Y, Chen S, Wei S, Wu S, Tao M, Fu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Ma Y, Liu H, Song B, Ma J, Wang B, Cui Y. A Unique Combination of Mn 2+ and Aluminum Adjuvant Acted the Synergistic Effect. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:7502110. [PMID: 38660494 PMCID: PMC11042911 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7502110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The development of combinatorial adjuvants is a promising strategy to boost vaccination efficiency. Accumulating evidence indicates that manganese exerts strong immunocompetence and will become an enormous potential adjuvant. Here, we described a novel combination of Mn2+ plus aluminum hydroxide (AH) adjuvant that significantly exhibited the synergistic immune effect. Methodology. Initially, IsdB3 proteins as the immune-dominant fragment of IsdB proteins derived from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were prepared. IsdB3 proteins were identified by western blotting. Furthermore, we immunized C57/B6 mice with IsdB3 proteins plus Mn2+ and AH adjuvant. After the second immunization, the proliferation of lymphocytes was measured by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and the level of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 cytokine from spleen lymphocytes in mice and generation of the antibodies against IsdB3 in serum was detected with ELISA, and the protective immune response was assessed through S. aureus challenge. Results IsdB3 proteins plus Mn2+ and AH obviously stimulated the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and increased the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 cytokine in mice, markedly enhanced the generation of the antibodies against IsdB3 in serum, observably decreased bacterial load in organs, and greatly improved the survival rate of mice. Conclusion These data showed that the combination of Mn2+ and AH significantly acted a synergistic effect, reinforced the immunogenicity of IsdB3, and offered a new strategy to increase vaccine efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Cen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuyu Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Mingyang Tao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Youxi Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yuncheng Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Baifen Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Beiyan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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Sadeghi L, Mohit E, Moallemi S, Ahmadi FM, Bolhassani A. Recent advances in various bio-applications of bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106440. [PMID: 37931826 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nanoparticles released from gram-negative bacteria. OMVs were originally classified into native 'nOMVs' (produced naturally from budding of bacteria) and non-native (produced by mechanical means). nOMVs and detergent (dOMVs) are isolated from cell supernatant without any detergent cell disruption techniques and through detergent extraction, respectively. Growth stages and conditions e.g. different stress factors, including temperature, nutrition deficiency, and exposure to hazardous chemical agents can affect the yield of OMVs production and OMVs content. Because of the presence of bacterial antigens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), various proteins and the vesicle structure, OMVs have been developed in many biomedical applications. OMVs due to their size can be phagocytized by APCs, enter lymph vessels, transport antigens efficiently, and induce both T and B cells immune responses. Non-engineered OMVs have been frequently used as vaccines against different bacterial and viral infections, and various cancers. OMVs can also be used in combination with different antigens as an attractive vaccine adjuvant. Indeed, foreign antigens from target microorganisms can be trapped in the lumen of nonpathogenic vesicles or can be displayed on the surface through bacterial membrane protein to increase the immunogenicity of the antigens. In this review, different factors affecting OMV production including time of cultivation, growth media, stress conditions and genetic manipulations to enhance vesiculation will be described. Furthermore, recent advances in various biological applications of OMVs such as vaccine, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and enzyme carrier are discussed. Generally, the application of OMVs as vaccine carrier in three categories (i.e., non-engineered OMVs, OMVs as an adjuvant, recombinant OMVs (rOMVs)), as delivery system for small interfering RNA and therapeutic agents, and as enzymes carrier will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sadeghi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Mohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Moallemi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Stillman ZS, Decker GE, Dworzak MR, Bloch ED, Fromen CA. Aluminum-based metal-organic framework nanoparticles as pulmonary vaccine adjuvants. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:39. [PMID: 36737783 PMCID: PMC9896814 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoption of pulmonary vaccines to advantageously provide superior local mucosal protection against aerosolized pathogens has been faced with numerous logistical and practical challenges. One of these persistent challenges is the lack of effective vaccine adjuvants that could be well tolerated through the inhaled route of administration. Despite its widespread use as a vaccine adjuvant, aluminum salts (alum) are not well tolerated in the lung. To address this issue, we evaluated the use of porous aluminum (Al)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles (NPs) as inhalable adjuvants. We evaluate a suite of Al-based MOF NPs alongside alum including DUT-4, DUT-5, MIL-53 (Al), and MIL-101-NH2 (Al). As synthesized, MOF NPs ranged between ~ 200 nm and 1 µm in diameter, with the larger diameter MOFs matching those of commercial alum. In vitro examination of co-stimulatory markers revealed that the Al-based MOF NPs activated antigen presenting cells more effectively than alum. Similar results were found during in vivo immunizations utilizing ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, resulting in robust mucosal humoral responses for all Al MOFs tested. In particular, DUT-5 was able to elicit mucosal OVA-specific IgA antibodies that were significantly higher than the other MOFs or alum dosed at the same NP mass. DUT-5 also was uniquely able to generate detectable IgG2a titers, indicative of a cellular immune response and also had superior performance relative to alum at equivalent Al dosed in a reduced dosage vaccination study. All MOF NPs tested were generally well-tolerated in the lung, with only acute levels of cellular infiltrates detected and no Al accumulation; Al content was largely cleared from the lung and other organs at 28 days despite the two-dose regime. Furthermore, all MOF NPs exhibited mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) of ~ 1.5-2.5 µm when dispersed from a generic dry powder inhaler, ideal for efficient lung deposition. While further work is needed, these results demonstrate the great potential for use of Al-based MOFs for pulmonary vaccination as novel inhalable adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Stillman
- grid.33489.350000 0001 0454 4791Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Gerald E. Decker
- grid.33489.350000 0001 0454 4791Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Michael R. Dworzak
- grid.33489.350000 0001 0454 4791Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Eric D. Bloch
- grid.33489.350000 0001 0454 4791Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Catherine A. Fromen
- grid.33489.350000 0001 0454 4791Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716 USA
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5
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Wusiman A, Rexiati S, Aziz M, Cheng X, Mai Z, Abulaiti A, Wutikuer A, Rozi P, Abuduwaili A, Abula S. Preparation and sulfate modified of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl polysaccharide and its immune-enhancing adjuvant activity. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102112. [PMID: 36067576 PMCID: PMC9468591 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal polysaccharides and their modifiers used as vaccine adjuvants have been widely investigated due to their safety and good immunoenhancing activity. In this study, the 50% ethanol concentration precipitated Lagenaria siceraria(Molina) standl polysaccharide (LSP50) and sulfated modified LSP50 (sLSP50) was prepared, and their characterization was investigated. LSP50 and sLSP50-1.5 were used as vaccine adjuvants to immunize chickens, and the strength and type of immune responses induced by different adjuvants were detected. Our results showed that LSP50 was homogeneous polysaccharides, and the carbohydrate content was 98.6%. The sLSP50-1.5 with the DS value of 1.5 was optimized by response surface methodology. The sLSP50-1.5 has both characteristics of polysaccharide functional groups and sulfate functional groups. Adjuvant activity of LSP50 and sLSP50-1.5 showed that LSP50 and sLSP50-1.5 could induce long-lasting and high hemagglutination (HI) titers, antigen-specific lgG-NDV antibody, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, high immune organ index. Moreover, chicken immunized with sLSP50-1.5 showed a strong mixed Th1-type (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-6) cytokines expression. Thus, these findings demonstrated that sLSP50-1.5 as a vaccine adjuvant can induce a mixed cellular and humoral immune response and can potentially serve as an effective vaccine adjuvant for NDV antigen.
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A Hemagglutinin Stem Vaccine Designed Rationally by AlphaFold2 Confers Broad Protection against Influenza B Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061305. [PMID: 35746776 PMCID: PMC9229588 DOI: 10.3390/v14061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two lineages of influenza B viruses (IBV) co-circulating in human beings have been posing a significant public health burden worldwide. A substantial number of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been identified targeting conserved epitopes on hemagglutinin (HA) stem domain, posing great interest for universal influenza vaccine development. Various strategies to design immunogens that selectively present these conserved epitopes are being explored. However, it has been a challenge to retain native conformation of the HA stem region, especially for soluble expression in prokaryotic systems. Here, using a structure prediction tool AlphaFold2, we rationally designed a stable stem antigen “B60-Stem-8071”, an HA stem vaccine derived from B/Brisbane/60/2006 grafted with a CR8071 epitope as a linker. The B60-Stem-8071 exhibited better solubility and more stable expression in the E. coli system compared to the naïve HA stem antigen. Immunization with B60-Stem-8071 in mice generated cross-reactive antibodies and protected mice broadly against lethal challenge with Yamagata and Victoria lineages of influenza B virus. Notably, soluble expression of B60-stem-8071 in the E. coli system showed the potential to produce the influenza B vaccine in a low-cost way. This study represents a proof of concept for the rational design of HA stem antigen based on structure prediction and analysis.
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Viswanath DI, Liu HC, Huston DP, Chua CYX, Grattoni A. Emerging biomaterial-based strategies for personalized therapeutic in situ cancer vaccines. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121297. [PMID: 34902729 PMCID: PMC8725170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Landmark successes in oncoimmunology have led to development of therapeutics boosting the host immune system to eradicate local and distant tumors with impactful tumor reduction in a subset of patients. However, current immunotherapy modalities often demonstrate limited success when involving immunologically cold tumors and solid tumors. Here, we describe the role of various biomaterials to formulate cancer vaccines as a form of cancer immunotherapy, seeking to utilize the host immune system to activate and expand tumor-specific T cells. Biomaterial-based cancer vaccines enhance the cancer-immunity cycle by harnessing cellular recruitment and activation against tumor-specific antigens. In this review, we discuss biomaterial-based vaccine strategies to induce lymphocytic responses necessary to mediate anti-tumor immunity. We focus on strategies that selectively attract dendritic cells via immunostimulatory gradients, activate them against presented tumor-specific antigens, and induce effective cross-presentation to T cells in secondary lymphoid organs, thereby generating immunity. We posit that personalized cancer vaccines are promising targets to generate long-term systemic immunity against patient- and tumor-specific antigens to ensure long-term cancer remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Ishani Viswanath
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan & Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David P Huston
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan & Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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A Combined Adjuvant TF-Al Consisting of TFPR1 and Aluminum Hydroxide Augments Strong Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Both C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121408. [PMID: 34960154 PMCID: PMC8705145 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TFPR1 is a novel adjuvant for protein and peptide antigens, which has been demonstrated in BALB/c mice in our previous studies; however, its adjuvanticity in mice with different genetic backgrounds remains unknown, and its adjuvanticity needs to be improved to fit the requirements for various vaccines. In this study, we first compared the adjuvanticity of TFPR1 in two commonly used inbred mouse strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrated that TFPR1 activated TLR2 to exert its immune activity in vivo. Next, to prove the feasibility of TFPR1 acting as a major component of combined adjuvants, we prepared a combined adjuvant, TF-Al, by formulating TFPR1 and alum at a certain ratio and compared its adjuvanticity with that of TFPR1 and alum alone using OVA and recombinant HBsAg as model antigens in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Results showed that TFPR1 acts as an effective vaccine adjuvant in both BALB/c mice and C57BL/6 mice, and further demonstrated the role of TLR2 in the adjuvanticity of TFPR1 in vivo. In addition, we obtained a novel combined adjuvant, TF-Al, based on TFPR1, which can augment antibody and cellular immune responses in mice with different genetic backgrounds, suggesting its promise for vaccine development in the future.
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9
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Haupt RE, Harberts EM, Kitz RJ, Strohmeier S, Krammer F, Ernst RK, Frieman MB. Novel TLR4 adjuvant elicits protection against homologous and heterologous Influenza A infection. Vaccine 2021; 39:5205-5213. [PMID: 34362603 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a leading cause of respiratory disease worldwide often resulting in hospitalization or death. In this study, TLR4 immunostimulatory molecules, Bacterial Enzymatic Combinatorial Chemistry (BECC) 438 and BECC470 were found to be superior IAV vaccine adjuvants when compared to the classic adjuvant alhydrogel (alum) and Phosphorylated Hexa-Acyl Disaccharide (PHAD), a synthetic TLR4 agonist. BECC molecules allow for antigen sparing of a recombinant HA (rHA) protein, elicit a more balanced IgG1/IgG2a response, and were protective in a prime only dosing schedule. Importantly, BECC molecules afford protection from a heterologous IAV strain demonstrating that a cross-protective influenza vaccine is possible when the antigen is effectively adjuvanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Haupt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin M Harberts
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Kitz
- Department of Pathology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Pathology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Shi W, Qiu Q, Feng Z, Tong Z, Guo W, Zou F, Yue N, Huang W, Qian H. Design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of self-assembled antigenic peptides from dual-antigen targets: a broad-spectrum candidate for an effective antibreast cancer therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002523. [PMID: 34083420 PMCID: PMC8183215 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the narrow immune response spectrum of a single epitope, and the nanoparticles (NPs) as a novel adjuvant can achieve efficient delivery of antigenic peptides safely, a nano-system (denoted as DSPE-PEG-Man@EM-NPs) based on cathepsin B-responsive antigenic peptides was designed and synthesized. Methods Highly affinitive antigenic peptides were delivered by self-assembled NPs, and targeted erythrocyte membranes acted as a peptide carrier to improve antigenic peptides presentation and to strengthen cytotoxic T-cells reaction. Cathepsin B coupling could release antigenic peptides rapidly in dendritic cells. Results Evaluations showed that DSPE-PEG-Man@EM-NPs had obvious inhibitory effects towards both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. Conclusion Overall, this strategy provides a novel strategy for boosting cytotoxic T lymphocytes response, thereby expanding the adaptation range of tumor antigenic peptides and improving the therapeutic effect of tumor immunotherapy with nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qianqian Qiu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng 224002, China
| | - Ziying Feng
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tong
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Zou
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na Yue
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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Vreman S, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Popma-de Graaf DJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Barnier-Quer C, Collin N, Collins D, McDaid D, Moore AC, Rebel JMJ. Immune responses induced by inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in neonatal pigs using different adjuvants. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 232:110170. [PMID: 33383553 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of neonatal pigs could be supportive to prevent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is an important porcine pathogen causing worldwide welfare and health problems in pigs of different age classes. However, neonatal immunity substantially differs to adults, thus different vaccines may be required in neonateal pigs. We examined if the immunogenicity and efficacy of inactivated PRRSV (iPRRSV) vaccines in neonatal pigs could be improved with adjuvants containing oil-in water (O/W) emulsions with or without Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and by altering the delivery route from intramuscular (i.m.) to the skin. Three-day-old PRRSV-naïve piglets (n = 54, divided in 6 groups) received a prime vaccination and a booster vaccination four weeks later. The vaccine formulations consisted of different O/W emulsions (Montanide™ ISA28RVG (ISA28)), a squalene in water emulsion (SWE) for i.m. or a Stable Emulsion (SE) with squalene for skin vaccination) and/or a mixture of TLR1/2, 7/8 and 9 agonists (TLRa) combined with iPRRSV strain 07V063. These vaccines were delivered either i.m. (ISA28, SWE, TLRa or SWE + TLRa) or into the skin (skiSE + TLRa) with dissolving microneedle (DMN)-patches. All animals received a challenge with homologous PRRSV three weeks after booster vaccination. Specific antibodies, IFN-γ production and viremia were measured at several time-points after vaccination and/or challenge, while lung pathology was studied at necropsy. After booster vaccination, only ISA28 induced a specific antibody response while a specific T-cell IFN-γ response was generated in the SWE group, that was lower for ISA28, and absent in the other groups. This suggests that prime vaccination in neonates induced a specific immune response after booster vaccination, dependent on the emulsion formulation, but not dependent on the presence of the TLRa or delivery route. Despite the measured immune responses none of the vaccines showed any efficacy. Further research focused on the early immune response in draining lymph nodes is needed to elucidate the potential of TLR agonists in vaccines for neonatal pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vreman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands.
| | - Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Ditta J Popma-de Graaf
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 29703, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research P.O. Box 338, 6700 HA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C Barnier-Quer
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - N Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Laboratory, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anne C Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
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Aggregation by peptide conjugation rescues poor immunogenicity of the HA stem. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241649. [PMID: 33137148 PMCID: PMC7605677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is a global public health threat. Current seasonal influenza vaccines are efficacious only when vaccine strains are matched with circulating strains. There is a critical need for developing "universal" vaccines that protect against all influenza viruses. HA stem is a promising target for developing broad-spectrum influenza vaccines due to its relatively conserved feature. However, HA stem is weakly immunogenic when administered alone in a soluble form. Several approaches have been employed to improve the immunogenicity of HA stem, including conjugation of HA stem with a highly immunogenic carrier protein or displaying HA stem on a nanoparticle scaffold. Converting a weakly immunologic protein into a multimer through aggregation can significantly enhance its immunogenicity, with some multimeric protein aggregates previously shown to be more immunogenic than their soluble counterparts in animal models. Here, we show that a chemically coupling a peptide derived from the head domain of PR8 HA (P35) with the poorly immunogenic HA stem protein results in aggregation of the HA stem which significantly increases stem-specific B cell responses following vaccination. Importantly, vaccination with this conjugate in the absence of adjuvant still induced robust B cell responses against stem in vivo. Improving HA stem immunogenicity by aggregation provides an alternative avenue to conjugation with exotic carrier proteins or nanoparticle formulation.
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13
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Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV strategy modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems with broader activation to redeploy antitumor immunity with individualized tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens). Following a sequential scheme of tumor biopsy, mutation analysis, and epitope prediction, the administration of neoantigens with synthetic long peptide (SLP) or mRNA formulations dramatically improves the population and activity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite the promising prospect of PCVs, there is still great potential for optimizing prevaccination procedures and vaccine potency. In particular, the arduous development of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based vaccines provides valuable experience and rational principles for augmenting vaccine potency which is expected to advance PCV through the design of adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reversion since current personalized vaccination simply admixes antigens with adjuvants. Considering the broader application of TAA-based vaccine design, these two strategies complement each other and can lead to both personalized and universal therapeutic methods. Chemical strategies provide vast opportunities for (1) exploring novel adjuvants, including synthetic molecules and materials with optimizable activity, (2) constructing efficient and precise delivery systems to avoid systemic diffusion, improve biosafety, target secondary lymphoid organs, and enhance antigen presentation, and (3) combining bioengineering methods to innovate improvements in conventional vaccination, "smartly" re-educate the TME, and modulate antitumor immunity. As chemical strategies have proven versatility, reliability, and universality in the design of T cell- and B cell-based antitumor vaccines, the union of such numerous chemical methods in vaccine construction is expected to provide new vigor and vitality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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14
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Campra NA, Montironi ID, Reinoso EB, Raviolo J, Moreno FR, Maletto B, Cariddi LN. A natural oil increases specific anti-OVA IgG levels and induces a cellular immune response combined with aluminum hydroxide. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:223-232. [PMID: 32745316 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0720-093rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of certain vaccines is improved by the use of adjuvants. Nowadays, the development of new, effective, and safe adjuvants that stimulate the innate immune response is researched. In this context, medicinal plants appear as a suitable alternative. Minthostachys verticillata essential oil (EO) has demonstrated the ability to modulate mechanisms of the innate immune response. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the EO adjuvant effect on humoral and cellular immunity, coadministered with OVA as antigen. The chemical analysis of EO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a predominant pulegone-menthone chemotype. EO (1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/ml) did not alter the viability of murine fibroblasts (3T3 cell line) neither showed signs of toxicity in Balb/c mice inoculated subcutaneously. The serum of mice immunized with OVA + EO showed increased levels of anti-OVA-specific antibodies of IgG1 subclass compared with the mice immunized with OVA alone revealing an adjuvant effect of EO. The delayed type hypersensitivity showed that the combination OVA + Al(OH)3 + EO was the best to induce a cellular immune response that extended until 48 h postinjection of OVA. M. verticillata EO appears as a new, safe, and effective adjuvant, which should continue to be studied for their possible future incorporation into vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Anahí Campra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ivana Dalila Montironi
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elina Beatriz Reinoso
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Raviolo
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico Ruiz Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys Maletto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Noelia Cariddi
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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15
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Carmona-Ribeiro AM, Pérez-Betancourt Y. Cationic Nanostructures for Vaccines Design. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5030032. [PMID: 32645946 PMCID: PMC7560170 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines rely on adjuvants carrying one or a few molecular antigens from the pathogen in order to guarantee an improved immune response. However, to be effective, the vaccine formulation usually consists of several components: an antigen carrier, the antigen, a stimulator of cellular immunity such as a Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) ligand, and a stimulator of humoral response such as an inflammasome activator. Most antigens are negatively charged and combine well with oppositely charged adjuvants. This explains the paramount importance of studying a variety of cationic supramolecular assemblies aiming at the optimal activity in vivo associated with adjuvant simplicity, positive charge, nanometric size, and colloidal stability. In this review, we discuss the use of several antigen/adjuvant cationic combinations. The discussion involves antigen assembled to 1) cationic lipids, 2) cationic polymers, 3) cationic lipid/polymer nanostructures, and 4) cationic polymer/biocompatible polymer nanostructures. Some of these cationic assemblies revealed good yet poorly explored perspectives as general adjuvants for vaccine design.
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16
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Johnson L, Duschl A, Himly M. Nanotechnology-Based Vaccines for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Potentials and Challenges of Conventional and Novel Adjuvants under Research. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020237. [PMID: 32443671 PMCID: PMC7349961 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases demands efficient therapeutic strategies for their mitigation. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causal rather than symptomatic treatment method available for allergy. Currently, AIT is being administered using immune response modifiers or adjuvants. Adjuvants aid in the induction of a vigorous and long-lasting immune response, thereby improving the efficiency of AIT. The successful development of a novel adjuvant requires a thorough understanding of the conventional and novel adjuvants under development. Thus, this review discusses the potentials and challenges of these adjuvants and their mechanism of action. Vaccine development based on nanoparticles is a promising strategy for AIT, due to their inherent physicochemical properties, along with their ease of production and ability to stimulate innate immunity. Although nanoparticles have provided promising results as an adjuvant for AIT in in vivo studies, a deeper insight into the interaction of nanoparticle-allergen complexes with the immune system is necessary. This review focuses on the methods of harnessing the adjuvant effect of nanoparticles by detailing the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response, which includes allergen uptake, processing, presentation, and induction of T cell differentiation.
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17
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Simple Nanoparticles from the Assembly of Cationic Polymer and Antigen as Immunoadjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010105. [PMID: 32121174 PMCID: PMC7157673 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since antigens are negatively charged, they combine well with positively charged adjuvants. Here, ovalbumin (OVA) (0.1 mg·mL-1) and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) (0.01 mg·mL-1) yielded PDDA/OVA assemblies characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as spherical nanoparticles (NPs) of 170 ± 4 nm hydrodynamic diameter, 30 ± 2 mV of zeta-potential and 0.11 ± 0.01 of polydispersity. Mice immunization with the NPs elicited high OVA-specific IgG1 and low OVA-specific IgG2a production, indicating a Th-2 response. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) was low and comparable to the one elicited by Al(OH)3/OVA, suggesting again a Th-2 response. PDDA advantages as an adjuvant were simplicity (a single-component adjuvant), low concentration needed (0.01 mg·mL-1 PDDA) combined with antigen yielding neglectable cytotoxicity, and high stability of PDDA/OVA dispersions. The NPs elicited much higher OVA-specific antibodies production than Al(OH)3/OVA. In vivo, the nano-metric size possibly assured antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APC) at the lymph nodes, in contrast to the location of Al(OH)3/OVA microparticles at the site of injection for longer periods with stimulation of local dendritic cells. In the future, it will be interesting to evaluate combinations of the antigen with NPs carrying both PDDA and elicitors of the Th-1 response.
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18
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Jiang S, Wang S, Zhang L, Tian L, Li L, Liu Z, Dong Q, Lv X, Mu H, Zhang Q, Wang B. Hesperetin as an adjuvant augments protective anti-tumour immunity responses in B16F10 melanoma by stimulating cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12867. [PMID: 31975405 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hesperetin (HES) is a dihydroflavone with the molecular formula of C16H14O6. It has been reported that Hesperetin has antioxidant and anticancer effects. Recent studies showed that it can also regulate immune responses. To assess its potential function as a vaccine adjuvant, we formulated HES with inactivated B16F10 melanoma cells and determined whether it would enhance the activation of antigen-presenting cells by experiments in vivo and in vitro. We found that HES activated the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and deactivated tolerogenic T cells. We also observed that inactivated B16F10 cells in combination with HES vaccine inhibited the growth of mice tumours, resulting in improved overall survival compared to the effects of inactivated B16F10 cell vaccine. To verify that CD8+ T cells play a key role in inhibiting the development of melanoma, we transferred the sorted CD8+ T cells from immunized mice to B16F10 challenged models and found that the survival rate of tumour-bearing mice was significantly prolonged. Taken together, these results suggest that hesperetin can be used as a potential adjuvant to improve tumour immune responses and antigen immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Le Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiwen Dong
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Lv
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyu Mu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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19
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Li Q, Ning X, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Guo Y, Li H, Zhou Y, Kou Z. The Integrity of α-β-α Sandwich Conformation Is Essential for a Novel Adjuvant TFPR1 to Maintain Its Adjuvanticity. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120869. [PMID: 31842458 PMCID: PMC6995627 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TFPR1 is a novel peptide vaccine adjuvant we recently discovered. To define the structural basis and optimize its application as an adjuvant, we designed three different truncated fragments that have removed dominant B epitopes on TFPR1, and evaluated their capacity to activate bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and their adjuvanticity. Results demonstrated that the integrity of an α-β-α sandwich conformation is essential for TFPR1 to maintain its immunologic activity and adjuvanticity. We obtained a functional truncated fragment TFPR-ta ranging from 40-168 aa of triflin that has similar adjuvanticity as TFPR1 but with 2-log fold lower immunogenicity. These results demonstrated a novel approach to evaluate and improve the activity of protein-based vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (X.N.); (Q.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiuzhe Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (X.N.); (Q.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (X.N.); (Q.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (X.N.); (Q.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (X.N.); (Q.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (X.N.); (Q.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (X.N.); (Q.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhihua Kou
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (X.N.); (Q.Z.); (Y.G.); (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-63858045
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20
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Stachyra A, Zawistowska-Deniziak A, Basałaj K, Grzelak S, Gondek M, Bień-Kalinowska J. The Immunological Properties of Recombinant Multi-Cystatin-Like Domain Protein From Trichinella Britovi Produced in Yeast. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2420. [PMID: 31681308 PMCID: PMC6797592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a globally-distributed zoonotic parasitic disease caused by nematode worms of the genus Trichinella. One of the most common species of Trichinella known to affect human health is T. britovi; however, it is relatively poorly investigated. A thorough knowledge of the proteins expressed by Trichinella is important when developing immunological detection methods and vaccines and studying its interactions with the host. The present study uses the Pichia pastoris expression system to produce a soluble TbCLP antigen which induces strong antibody responses in the host during natural infection. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of TbCLP antigen production in yeasts, which are able to carry out post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and disulfide bond formation; they also indicate that the glycosylated TbCLP antigen had immunogenic effects in the tested mice and induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response, and was associated with a reduced larval burden after challenge with T. britovi. Subsequent in vitro stimulation of mice splenocytes revealed that TbCLP most likely possesses immunomodulatory properties and may play a significant role in the early phase of infection, affecting host immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stachyra
- Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Basałaj
- Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Grzelak
- Witold Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Gondek
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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