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Maglio M, Fini M, Sartori M, Codispoti G, Borsari V, Dallari D, Ambretti S, Rocchi M, Tschon M. An Advanced Human Bone Tissue Culture Model for the Assessment of Implant Osteointegration In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5322. [PMID: 38791362 PMCID: PMC11120747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of biomaterials for prosthetic reconstructive surgery, there is the lack of advanced innovative methods to investigate the potentialities of smart biomaterials before in vivo tests. Despite the complex osteointegration process being difficult to recreate in vitro, this study proposes an advanced in vitro tissue culture model of osteointegration using human bone. Cubic samples of trabecular bone were harvested, as waste material, from hip arthroplasty; inner cylindrical defects were created and assigned to the following groups: (1) empty defects (CTRneg); (2) defects implanted with a cytotoxic copper pin (CTRpos); (3) defects implanted with standard titanium pins (Ti). Tissues were dynamically cultured in mini rotating bioreactors and assessed weekly for viability and sterility. After 8 weeks, immunoenzymatic, microtomographic, histological, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. The model was able to simulate the effects of implantation of the materials, showing a drop in viability in CTR+, while Ti appears to have a trophic effect on bone. MicroCT and a histological analysis supported the results, with signs of matrix and bone deposition at the Ti implant site. Data suggest the reliability of the tested model in recreating the osteointegration process in vitro with the aim of reducing and refining in vivo preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Maglio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Scientific Direction, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Sartori
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Giorgia Codispoti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Veronica Borsari
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Dante Dallari
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques—Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Rocchi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques—Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Matilde Tschon
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
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Xu J, Vecstaudza J, Wesdorp MA, Labberté M, Kops N, Salerno M, Kok J, Simon M, Harmand MF, Vancíková K, van Rietbergen B, Misciagna MM, Dolcini L, Filardo G, Farrell E, van Osch GJ, Locs J, Brama PA. Incorporating strontium enriched amorphous calcium phosphate granules in collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite osteochondral scaffolds improves subchondral bone repair. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100959. [PMID: 38327976 PMCID: PMC10847994 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defect repair with a collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite (Col/Col-Mg-HAp) scaffold has demonstrated good clinical results. However, subchondral bone repair remained suboptimal, potentially leading to damage to the regenerated overlying neocartilage. This study aimed to improve the bone repair potential of this scaffold by incorporating newly developed strontium (Sr) ion enriched amorphous calcium phosphate (Sr-ACP) granules (100-150 μm). Sr concentration of Sr-ACP was determined with ICP-MS at 2.49 ± 0.04 wt%. Then 30 wt% ACP or Sr-ACP granules were integrated into the scaffold prototypes. The ACP or Sr-ACP granules were well embedded and distributed in the collagen matrix demonstrated by micro-CT and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. Good cytocompatibility of ACP/Sr-ACP granules and ACP/Sr-ACP enriched scaffolds was confirmed with in vitro cytotoxicity assays. An overall promising early tissue response and good biocompatibility of ACP and Sr-ACP enriched scaffolds were demonstrated in a subcutaneous mouse model. In a goat osteochondral defect model, significantly more bone was observed at 6 months with the treatment of Sr-ACP enriched scaffolds compared to scaffold-only, in particular in the weight-bearing femoral condyle subchondral bone defect. Overall, the incorporation of osteogenic Sr-ACP granules in Col/Col-Mg-HAp scaffolds showed to be a feasible and promising strategy to improve subchondral bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jietao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Jana Vecstaudza
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marinus A. Wesdorp
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Margot Labberté
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Nicole Kops
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Manuela Salerno
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Joeri Kok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Karin Vancíková
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5612 AZ, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, 40136, Italy
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, Netherlands
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1048, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pieter A.J. Brama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
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Cowie RM, Macri-Pellizzeri L, McLaren J, Sanderson WJ, Felfel RM, Scotchford CA, Scammell BE, Grant DM, Sottile V, Jennings LM. Functional performance of a bi-layered chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral scaffold: a pre-clinical in vitro tribological study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:230431. [PMID: 38204795 PMCID: PMC10776221 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Osteochondral grafts are used for repair of focal osteochondral lesions. Autologous grafts are the gold standard treatment; however, limited graft availability and donor site morbidity restrict use. Therefore, there is a clinical need for different graft sources/materials which replicate natural cartilage function. Chitosan has been proposed for this application. The aim of this study was to assess the biomechanics and biotribology of a bioresorbable chitosan/chitosan-nano-hydroxyapatite osteochondral construct (OCC), implanted in an in vitro porcine knee experimental simulation model. The OCC implanted in different surgical positions (flush, proud and inverted) was compared to predicate grafts in current clinical use and a positive control consisting of a stainless steel graft implanted proud of the cartilage surface. After 3 h (10 800 cycles) wear simulation under a walking gait, subsidence occurred in all OCC samples irrespective of surgical positioning, but with no apparent loss of material and low meniscus wear. Half the predicate grafts exhibited delamination and scratching of the cartilage surfaces. No graft subsidence occurred in the positive controls but wear and deformation of the meniscus were apparent. Implanting a new chitosan-based OCC either optimally (flush), inverted or proud of the cartilage surface resulted in minimal wear, damage and deformation of the meniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raelene M. Cowie
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Laura Macri-Pellizzeri
- Academic Unit Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jane McLaren
- Academic Unit Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Reda M. Felfel
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Colin A. Scotchford
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Brigitte E. Scammell
- Academic Unit Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David M. Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Academic Unit Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Louise M. Jennings
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Xavier J, Jerome W, Zaslav K, Grande D. Exosome-Laden Scaffolds for Treatment of Post-Traumatic Cartilage Injury and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15178. [PMID: 37894859 PMCID: PMC10607649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based exosomes have garnered attention as a viable therapeutic for post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis of the knee; however, efforts for application have been limited due to issues with variable dosing and rapid clearance in vivo. Scaffolds laden with MSC-based exosomes have recently been investigated as a solution to these issues. Here, we review in vivo studies and highlight key strengths and potential clinical uses of exosome-scaffold therapeutics for treatment of post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. In vivo animal studies were gathered using keywords related to the topic, revealing 466 studies after removal of duplicate papers. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for abstract screening and full-text review. Thirteen relevant studies were identified for analysis and extraction. Three predominant scaffold subtypes were identified: hydrogels, acellular extracellular matrices, and hyaluronic acid. Each scaffold-exosome design showcased unique properties with relation to gross findings, tissue histology, biomechanics, and gene expression. All designs demonstrated a reduction in inflammation and induction of tissue regeneration. The results of our review show that current exosome-scaffold therapeutics demonstrate the capability to halt and even reverse the course of post-traumatic cartilage injury and osteoarthritis. While this treatment modality shows incredible promise, future research should aim to characterize long-term biocompatibility and optimize scaffold designs for human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorden Xavier
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (J.X.); (W.J.)
| | - William Jerome
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (J.X.); (W.J.)
| | - Kenneth Zaslav
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Daniel Grande
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York, NY 11040, USA
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Chen R, Pye JS, Li J, Little CB, Li JJ. Multiphasic scaffolds for the repair of osteochondral defects: Outcomes of preclinical studies. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:505-545. [PMID: 37180643 PMCID: PMC10173014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defects are caused by injury to both the articular cartilage and subchondral bone within skeletal joints. They can lead to irreversible joint damage and increase the risk of progression to osteoarthritis. Current treatments for osteochondral injuries are not curative and only target symptoms, highlighting the need for a tissue engineering solution. Scaffold-based approaches can be used to assist osteochondral tissue regeneration, where biomaterials tailored to the properties of cartilage and bone are used to restore the defect and minimise the risk of further joint degeneration. This review captures original research studies published since 2015, on multiphasic scaffolds used to treat osteochondral defects in animal models. These studies used an extensive range of biomaterials for scaffold fabrication, consisting mainly of natural and synthetic polymers. Different methods were used to create multiphasic scaffold designs, including by integrating or fabricating multiple layers, creating gradients, or through the addition of factors such as minerals, growth factors, and cells. The studies used a variety of animals to model osteochondral defects, where rabbits were the most commonly chosen and the vast majority of studies reported small rather than large animal models. The few available clinical studies reporting cell-free scaffolds have shown promising early-stage results in osteochondral repair, but long-term follow-up is necessary to demonstrate consistency in defect restoration. Overall, preclinical studies of multiphasic scaffolds show favourable results in simultaneously regenerating cartilage and bone in animal models of osteochondral defects, suggesting that biomaterials-based tissue engineering strategies may be a promising solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouyan Chen
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jasmine Sarah Pye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jiarong Li
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Christopher B. Little
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2065, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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6
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Alunni Cardinali M, Govoni M, Tschon M, Brogini S, Vivarelli L, Morresi A, Fioretto D, Rocchi M, Stagni C, Fini M, Dallari D. Brillouin-Raman micro-spectroscopy and machine learning techniques to classify osteoarthritic lesions in the human articular cartilage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1690. [PMID: 36717645 PMCID: PMC9886972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Brillouin and Raman micro-Spectroscopy (BRamS) and Machine Learning were used to set-up a new diagnostic tool for Osteoarthritis (OA), potentially extendible to other musculoskeletal diseases. OA is a degenerative pathology, causing the onset of chronic pain due to cartilage disruption. Despite this, it is often diagnosed late and the radiological assessment during the routine examination may fail to recognize the threshold beyond which pharmacological treatment is no longer sufficient and prosthetic replacement is required. Here, femoral head resections of OA-affected patients were analyzed by BRamS, looking for distinctive mechanical and chemical markers of the progressive degeneration degree, and the result was compared to standard assignment via histological staining. The procedure was optimized for diagnostic prediction by using a machine learning algorithm and reducing the time required for measurements, paving the way for possible future in vivo characterization of the articular surface through endoscopic probes during arthroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Alunni Cardinali
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Govoni
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Brogini
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Vivarelli
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Assunta Morresi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Fioretto
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,CEMIN-Center of Excellence for Innovative Nanostructured Material, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Rocchi
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Stagni
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Scientific Director, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Dallari
- Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques-Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via G.C. Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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Ha MY, Yang DH, You SJ, Kim HJ, Chun HJ. In-situ forming injectable GFOGER-conjugated BMSCs-laden hydrogels for osteochondral regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:2. [PMID: 36609447 PMCID: PMC9822921 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The collagen-mimetic peptide GFOGER possesses the chondrogenic potential and has been used as a cell adhesion peptide or chondrogenic inducer. Here, we prepared an injectable in situ forming composite hydrogel system comprising methoxy polyethylene glycol-b-polycaprolactone (MPEG-PCL) and GFOGER-conjugated PEG-PCL (GFOGER-PEG-PCL) with various GFOGER concentrations based on our recently patented technology. The conjugation of GFOGER to PEG-PCL was confirmed by 1H NMR, and the particle size distribution and rheological properties for the sol-gel transition behavior of the samples with respect to the GFOGER content were evaluated systemically. In vitro experiments using rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) revealed that the GFOGER-PEG-PCL hydrogel significantly enhanced expression of integrins (β1, α2, and α11), increased expression of FAK, and induced downstream signaling of ERK and p38. Overexpression of chondrogenic markers suggested that BMSCs have the potential to differentiate into chondrogenic lineages within GFOGER-PEG-PCL samples. In vivo studies using a rat osteochondral defect model revealed that transplanted BMSCs with GFOGER0.8-PEG-PCL survived at the defect with strong chondrogenic expression after 4 weeks. The stem cell-laden GFOGER0.8-PEG-PCL hydrogel produced remarkable osteochondral regeneration at 8 weeks of transplantation, as determined by histological findings and micro-CT analysis. The histomorphological score in the GFOGER0.8-PEG-PCL + BMSCs group was ~1.7-, 2.6-, and 5.3-fold higher than that in the GFOGER0.8-PEG-PCL, MPEG-PCL, and defect groups, respectively. Taken together, these results provide an important platform for further advanced GFOGER-based stem cell research for osteochondral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yeon Ha
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyeok Yang
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung You
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Kim
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Jae Chun
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea ,grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591 Republic of Korea
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8
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Wei Y. Osteoarthritis animal models for biomaterial-assisted osteochondral regeneration. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:264-279. [PMID: 36846505 PMCID: PMC9947734 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical therapeutics for the regeneration of osteochondral defects (OCD) in the early stages of osteoarthritis remain an enormous challenge in orthopaedics. For in-depth studies of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in terms of OCD treatment, the utility of an optimal OCD animal model is crucial for assessing the effects of implanted biomaterials on the repair of damaged osteochondral tissues. Currently, the most frequently used in vivo animal models for OCD regeneration include mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, goats, sheep, horses and nonhuman primates. However, there is no single "gold standard" animal model to accurately recapitulate human disease in all aspects, thus understanding the benefits and limitations of each animal model is critical for selecting the most suitable one. In this review, we aim to elaborate the complex pathological changes in osteoarthritic joints and to summarise the advantages and limitations of OCD animal models utilised for biomaterial testing along with the methodology of outcome assessment. Furthermore, we review the surgical procedures of OCD creation in different species, and the novel biomaterials that promote OCD regeneration. Above all, it provides a significant reference for selection of an appropriate animal model for use in preclinical in vivo studies of biomaterial-assisted osteochondral regeneration in osteoarthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yulong Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Corresponding author: Yulong Wei,
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9
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Tamaddon M, Blunn G, Tan R, Yang P, Sun X, Chen SM, Luo J, Liu Z, Wang L, Li D, Donate R, Monzón M, Liu C. In vivo evaluation of additively manufactured multi-layered scaffold for the repair of large osteochondral defects. Biodes Manuf 2022; 5:481-496. [PMID: 35846348 PMCID: PMC9279224 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The repair of osteochondral defects is one of the major clinical challenges in orthopaedics. Well-established osteochondral tissue engineering methods have shown promising results for the early treatment of small defects. However, less success has been achieved for the regeneration of large defects, which is mainly due to the mechanical environment of the joint and the heterogeneous nature of the tissue. In this study, we developed a multi-layered osteochondral scaffold to match the heterogeneous nature of osteochondral tissue by harnessing additive manufacturing technologies and combining the established art laser sintering and material extrusion techniques. The developed scaffold is based on a titanium and polylactic acid matrix-reinforced collagen "sandwich" composite system. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the scaffold were examined, and its safety and efficacy in the repair of large osteochondral defects were tested in an ovine condyle model. The 12-week in vivo evaluation period revealed extensive and significantly higher bone in-growth in the multi-layered scaffold compared with the collagen-HAp scaffold, and the achieved stable mechanical fixation provided strong support to the healing of the overlying cartilage, as demonstrated by hyaline-like cartilage formation. The histological examination showed that the regenerated cartilage in the multi-layer scaffold group was superior to that formed in the control group. Chondrogenic genes such as aggrecan and collagen-II were upregulated in the scaffold and were higher than those in the control group. The findings showed the safety and efficacy of the cell-free "translation-ready" osteochondral scaffold, which has the potential to be used in a one-step surgical procedure for the treatment of large osteochondral defects. Graphic abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42242-021-00177-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tamaddon
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT UK
| | - Rongwei Tan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Implantable Medical Polymer, Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Pan Yang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Implantable Medical Polymer, Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Shen-Mao Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Ricardo Donate
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Grupo de Investigación en Fabricación Integrada y Avanzada, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Mario Monzón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Grupo de Investigación en Fabricación Integrada y Avanzada, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore, HA7 4LP UK
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10
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Rodriguez AN, Roethke LC, Liechti DJ, LaPrade RF. Posterior Approach for the Treatment of an Osteochondral Defect on the Posterior Lateral Femoral Condyle. Arthrosc Tech 2022; 11:e403-e408. [PMID: 35256983 PMCID: PMC8897601 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defects of the knee often occur as a result of traumatic injury, repetitive microtrauma, or genetic predisposition. Smaller lesions can be treated nonoperatively in younger patient populations; however, large symptomatic lesions require surgical intervention using a fresh osteochondral allograft transplant. Although osteochondral defects classically appear on the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle, there have been cases in which the lesion is located on the posterior aspect of the lateral femoral condyle. To access these posteriorly located lesions, the surgeon must utilize a complex posterior approach in order to successfully manage these lesions. While care must be taken to protect the neurovascular bundle in this area, this technique allows for excellent exposure and optimal graft placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel N. Rodriguez
- Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina-Crosstown, Edina, Minnesota, U.S.A.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., U.S.A
| | - Lindsay C. Roethke
- Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina-Crosstown, Edina, Minnesota, U.S.A.,University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | | | - Robert F. LaPrade
- Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina-Crosstown, Edina, Minnesota, U.S.A.,Address correspondence to Robert F. LaPrade, M.D., Ph.D., Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina-Crosstown, 4010 W 65th St., Edina, MN, 55435 U.S.A
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11
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Li K, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Alini M, Grad S, Li Z. Establishment of an Ex Vivo Inflammatory Osteoarthritis Model With Human Osteochondral Explants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:787020. [PMID: 34993189 PMCID: PMC8724558 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.787020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease without clear pathophysiological mechanism and effective drugs for treatment. Although various animal models exist, the translation of the outcome into clinics remains difficult due to species differences. In this study, an ex vivo inflammatory OA model was induced using different concentrations of interleukin one beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) on explants from the human femoral head. In the inflammatory OA groups, the gene expression levels of cartilage catabolism (matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3)), and inflammation (interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8)) markers were significantly upregulated, while the anabolic genes (collagen 2 (COL2), aggrecan (ACAN), and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)) were downregulated compared to the control group. The release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) and nitric oxide (NO) in the conditioned medium was also upregulated in inflammatory OA groups. The Safranin O/Fast Green staining showed loss of proteoglycan in the superficial zone cartilage after cytokine treatment. The results indicated that an ex vivo inflammation and degeneration model was successfully established using osteochondral explants from the human femoral head. This model can be used to elucidate the in-depth mechanism of inflammatory OA and to screen new drugs for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Penghui Zhang
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
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12
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Lee J, Lee S, Huh SJ, Kang BJ, Shin H. Directed Regeneration of Osteochondral Tissue by Hierarchical Assembly of Spatially Organized Composite Spheroids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103525. [PMID: 34806336 PMCID: PMC8787388 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of engineered scaffolds or stem cells is investigated widely in the repair of injured musculoskeletal tissue. However, the combined regeneration of hierarchical osteochondral tissue remains a challenge due to delamination between cartilage and subchondral bone or difficulty in spatial control over differentiation of transplanted stem cells. Here, two types of composite spheroids are prepared using adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and nanofibers coated with either transforming growth factor-β3 or bone morphogenetic growth factor-2 for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis, respectively. Each type of spheroid is then cultured within a 3D-printed microchamber in a spatially arranged manner to recapitulate the bilayer structure of osteochondral tissue. The presence of inductive factors regionally modulates in vitro chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs within the biphasic construct without dedifferentiation. Furthermore, hADSCs from each spheroid proliferate and sprout and successfully connect the two layers mimicking the osteochondral interface without apertures. In vivo transplantation of the biphasic construct onto a femoral trochlear groove defect in rabbit knee joint results in 21.2 ± 2.8% subchondral bone volume/total volume and a cartilage score of 25.0 ± 3.7. The present approach can be an effective therapeutic platform to engineer complex tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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13
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Mg-BGNs/DCECM Composite Scaffold for Cartilage Regeneration: A Preliminary In Vitro Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101550. [PMID: 34683844 PMCID: PMC8541534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions can lead to progressive cartilage degeneration; moreover, they involve the subchondral bone, resulting in osteoarthritis (OA) onset and progression. Bioactive glasses, with the dual function of supporting both bone and cartilage regeneration, have become a promising biomaterial for cartilage/bone engineering applications. This is especially true for those containing therapeutic ions, which act as ion delivery systems and may further promote cartilage repair. In this study, we successfully fabricated Mg-containing bioactive glass nanospheres (Mg-BGNs) and constructed three different scaffolds, DCECM, Mg-BGNs-1/DCECM (1% Mg-BGNs), and Mg-BGNs-2/DCECM (10% Mg-BGNs) scaffold, by incorporating Mg-BGNs into decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (DCECM). All three scaffolds showed favorable microarchitectural and ion controlled-release properties within the ideal range of pore size for tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, all scaffolds showed excellent biocompatibility and no signs of toxicity. Most importantly, the addition of Mg-BGNs to the DCECM scaffolds significantly promoted cell proliferation and enhanced chondrogenic differentiation induction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in pellet culture in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the multifunctional Mg-BGNs/DCECM composite scaffold not only demonstrated biocompatibility but also a significant chondrogenic response. Our study suggests that the Mg-BGNs/DCECM composite scaffold would be a promising tissue engineering tool for osteochondral lesions, with the ability to simultaneously stimulate articular cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration.
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14
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Kresakova L, Danko J, Vdoviakova K, Medvecky L, Zert Z, Petrovova E, Varga M, Spakovska T, Pribula J, Gasparek M, Giretova M, Stulajterova R, Kolvek F, Andrejcakova Z, Simaiova V, Kadasi M, Vrabec V, Toth T, Hura V. In Vivo Study of Osteochondral Defect Regeneration Using Innovative Composite Calcium Phosphate Biocement in a Sheep Model. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4471. [PMID: 34442993 PMCID: PMC8398687 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the therapeutic effect and regenerative potential of the novel, amino acids-enriched acellular biocement (CAL) based on calcium phosphate on osteochondral defects in sheep. Eighteen sheep were divided into three groups, the treated group (osteochondral defects filled with a CAL biomaterial), the treated group with a biocement without amino acids (C cement), and the untreated group (spontaneous healing). Cartilages of all three groups were compared with natural cartilage (negative control). After six months, sheep were evaluated by gross appearance, histological staining, immunohistochemical staining, histological scores, X-ray, micro-CT, and MRI. Treatment of osteochondral defects by CAL resulted in efficient articular cartilage regeneration, with a predominant structural and histological characteristic of hyaline cartilage, contrary to fibrocartilage, fibrous tissue or disordered mixed tissue on untreated defect (p < 0.001, modified O'Driscoll score). MRI results of treated defects showed well-integrated and regenerated cartilage with similar signal intensity, regularity of the articular surface, and cartilage thickness with respect to adjacent native cartilage. We have demonstrated that the use of new biocement represents an effective solution for the successful treatment of osteochondral defects in a sheep animal model, can induce an endogenous regeneration of cartilage in situ, and provides several benefits for the design of future therapies supporting osteochondral defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kresakova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Katarina Vdoviakova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Lubomir Medvecky
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (L.M.); (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Zdenek Zert
- Clinic of Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.Z.); (F.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Eva Petrovova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Maros Varga
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Tatiana Spakovska
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jozef Pribula
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Miroslav Gasparek
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
| | - Maria Giretova
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (L.M.); (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Radoslava Stulajterova
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (L.M.); (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Filip Kolvek
- Clinic of Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.Z.); (F.K.); (V.H.)
| | - Zuzana Andrejcakova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Veronika Simaiova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (E.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Marian Kadasi
- Clinic of Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Vladimir Vrabec
- Clinic of Birds, Exotic and Free Living Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Teodor Toth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Vladimir Hura
- Clinic of Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.Z.); (F.K.); (V.H.)
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15
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Comparison between Intra-Articular Injection of Infrapatellar Fat Pad (IPFP) Cell Concentrates and IPFP-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) for Cartilage Defect Repair of the Knee Joint in Rabbits. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9966966. [PMID: 34367294 PMCID: PMC8337123 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9966966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic method in regenerative medicine. Our previous research adopted a simple nonenzymatic strategy for the preparation of a new type of ready-to-use infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) cell concentrates. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular (IA) injection of autologous IPFP cell concentrates and allogeneic IPFP-MSCs obtained from these concentrates in a rabbit articular cartilage defect model. IPFP-MSCs sprouting from the IPFP cell concentrates were characterized via flow cytometry as well as based on their potential for differentiation into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. In the rabbit model, cartilage defects were created on the trochlear groove, followed by treatment with IPFP cell concentrates, IPFP-MSCs, or normal saline IA injection. Distal femur samples were evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks posttreatment via macroscopic observation and histological assessment based on the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) macroscopic scoring system as well as the ICRS visual histological assessment scale. The macroscopic score and histological score were significantly higher in the IPFP-MSC group compared to the IPFP cell concentrate group at 12 weeks. Further, both treatment groups had higher scores compared to the normal saline group. In comparison to the latter, the groups treated with IPFP-MSCs and IPFP cell concentrates showed considerably better cartilage regeneration. Overall, IPFP-MSCs represent an effective therapeutic strategy for stimulating articular cartilage regeneration. Further, due to the simple, cost-effective, nonenzymatic, and safe preparation process, IPFP cell concentrates may represent an effective alternative to stem cell-based therapy in the clinic.
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16
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Zhang X, Wu S, Zhu Y, Chu CQ. Long-term durable repaired cartilage induced by SOX9 in situ with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1399-1405. [PMID: 33628096 PMCID: PMC7893570 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microfracture is a common procedure for cartilage repair, but it often produces inferior fibrocartilage. We previously reported that a super positively charged SOX9 (scSOX9) promoted hyaline-like cartilage regeneration by inducing bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes in vivo. Here we examined the long-term efficacy of cartilage repair induced by microfracture with scSOX9 by assessing the biomechanical property of the repaired cartilage. Methods: A cartilage defect was created at the right femoral trochlear groove in New Zealand female rabbits and microfracture was performed. The scSOX9 protein was administered at the site of microfracture incorporated in a collagen membrane. Results: At 12 and 24 weeks, scSOX9 treatment induced hyaline-like cartilage while collagen-membrane alone induced fibrocartilage and mutant scSOX9-A76E poorly induced cartilage repair. The cartilage matrix in scSOX9-treated group showed highly enriched proteoglycan content. Consistent with the histological feature and the thickness of the repaired cartilage, the mechanical property of scSOX9-induced cartilage was also similar to that of normal cartilage. Conclusion: This long-term in vivo study demonstrated that in combination with microfracture, scSOX9 was able to induce reparative tissue with features of hyaline cartilage which was durable in long-term. This technology has the potential to translate into clinical use for cartilage repair to prevent progression to osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239.,Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Shili Wu
- Vivoscript, Inc, P. O. Box 63025, Irvine, CA 92602
| | - Yong Zhu
- Vivoscript, Inc, P. O. Box 63025, Irvine, CA 92602
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239.,Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon 97239
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17
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Bozhokin MS, Sopova YV, Kachkin DV, Rubel AA, Khotin MG. Mechanisms of TGFβ3 Action as a Therapeutic Agent for Promoting the Synthesis of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Hyaline Cartilage. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:436-447. [PMID: 32569551 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage is a nonvascular connective tissue covering the joint surface. It consists mostly of the extracellular matrix proteins and a small number of highly differentiated chondrocytes. At present, various techniques for repairing joint surfaces damage, for example, the use of modified cell cultures and biodegradable scaffolds, are under investigation. Molecular mechanisms of cartilage tissue proliferation have been also actively studied in recent years. TGFβ3, which plays a critical role in the proliferation of normal cartilage tissue, is one of the most important protein among cytokines and growth factors affecting chondrogenesis. By interacting directly with receptors on the cell membrane surface, TGFβ3 triggers a cascade of molecular interactions involving transcription factor Sox9. In this review, we describe the effects of TGFβ3 on the receptor complex activation and subsequent intracellular trafficking of Smad proteins and analyze the relation between these processes and upregulation of expression of major extracellular matrix genes, such as col2a1 and acan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Bozhokin
- Vreden Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, St. Petersburg, 195427, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Y V Sopova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - D V Kachkin
- St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - A A Rubel
- St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - M G Khotin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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18
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Contartese D, Tschon M, De Mattei M, Fini M. Sex Specific Determinants in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3696. [PMID: 32456298 PMCID: PMC7279293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disease that primarily affects about 10% of the world's population over 60 years old. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the preclinical studies regarding sex differences in OA, with particular attention to the molecular aspect and gene expression, but also to the histopathological aspects. Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were screened for eligible studies. In vitro and in vivo papers written in English, published in the last 11 years (2009-2020) were eligible. Participants were preclinical studies, including cell cultures and animal models of OA, evaluating sex differences. Independent extraction of articles and quality assessments were performed by two authors using predefined data fields and specific tools (Animals in Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guideline and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool). Twenty-three studies were included in the review: 4 in vitro studies, 18 in vivo studies, and 1 both in vitro and in vivo study. From in vitro works, sex differences were found in the gene expression of inflammatory molecules, hormonal receptors, and in responsiveness to hormonal stimulation. In vivo research showed a great heterogeneity of animal models mainly focused on the histopathological aspects rather than on the analysis of sex-related molecular mechanisms. This review highlights that many gaps in knowledge still exist; improvementsin the selection and reporting of animal models, the use of advanced in vitro models, and multiomics analyses might contribute to developing a personalized gender-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyanira Contartese
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli RIT Department, IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli RIT Department, IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli RIT Department, IRCCS–Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (M.F.)
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